My goal is to be able to take a customized root file system loaded with the software I want. So far I've created a squashed filesystem using debootstrap and chroot to install the software I want on the system. The problem I am now running in to.. whenever I boot in to the system, my user accounts that were set up in the chroot do not work. First boot everything works out, second boot I can't log in. That is baffling to me. Any one know a reason or a place to start looking? Update To get a working system with a squashfs filesystem: sudo apt-get install live-boot live-boot-initramfs-tools extlinux sudo update-initramfs -u Create a squashfs file from a bootstrapped or running ubuntu filesystem with whatever packages you want available. https://help.ubuntu.com/community/LiveCDCustomizationFromScratch provides good instructions for creating a debootstrapped system to build on. Format the target drive with ext2/3/4 and enable the bootable flag. Create the folder layout on the target drive and install extlinux: mkdir -p ${TARGET}/boot/extlinux ${TARGET}/live extlinux -i ${TARGET}/boot/extlinux dd if=/usr/lib/syslinux/mbr.bin of=/dev/sdX #X is the drive letter cp /boot/vmlinuz-$(uname -r) ${TARGET}/boot/vmlinuz cp /boot/initrd.img-$(uname -r) ${TARGET}/boot/initrd cp filesystem.squashfs ${TARGET}/live Create ${TARGET}/boot/extlinux/extlinux.conf with the following contents: DEFAULT Live LABEL Live KERNEL /boot/vmlinuz APPEND initrd=/boot/initrd boot=live toram=filesystem.squashfs TIMEOUT 10 PROMPT 0 Now you should be able to boot from the target drive in to your squashed system.