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• CodeContracts: ccrewrite fails with Object reference not set to an instance of an object

  - by Vyas Bharghava

  The below code makes ccrewrite blow up! Ideas? BTW, If you comment out the ActualClass, ccrewrite succeeds... [ContractClass(typeof(TestContracts))] interface ITestInterface { bool IsStarted { get; set; } void Begin(); } class ActualClass : ITestInterface { public bool IsStarted { get; set; } public void Begin() { this.IsStarted = true; } } [ContractClassFor(typeof(ITestInterface))] class TestContracts : ITestInterface { ITestInterface Current { get; set; } private TestContracts() { Current = this; } #region ITestInterface Members bool ITestInterface.IsStarted { get; set; } void ITestInterface.Begin() { Contract.Requires(!Current.IsStarted); Contract.Ensures(Current.IsStarted); } Thanks in advance!

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• CodeContracts: Possibly calling a method on a null reference

  - by dtb

  I'm having an argument with the CodeContracts static analysis tool. My code: class Foo { private static Foo instance = new Foo(); private string bar; public Foo() { bar = "Hello World"; } public static int BarLength() { return instance.bar.Length; // <<-- } } The tool tells me that instance.bar may be a null reference. I believe the opposite. Who is right? How can I prove it wrong?

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• Enabling XML-documentation for code contracts

  - by DigiMortal

  One nice feature that code contracts offer is updating of code documentation. If you are using source code documenting features of Visual Studio then code contracts may automate some tasks you otherwise have to implement manually. In this posting I will show you some XML documentation files with documented contracts. I will also explain how this feature works. Enabling XML-documentation in project settings As a first thing let’s enable generating of code documentation under project settings. Open project properties, move to Build page and make check to checkbox called “XML documentation file”. Save project settings and rebuild project. When project is built go to bin/Debug folder and open the XML-file. Here is my XML. <?xml version="1.0"?> <doc>     <assembly>         <name>Eneta.Examples.CodeContracts.Testable</name>     </assembly>     <members>         <member name="T:Eneta.Examples.CodeContracts.Testable.Randomizer">             <summary>             Class for generating random integers in user specified range.             </summary>         </member>         <member name="M:Eneta.Examples.CodeContracts.Testable.Randomizer.#ctor(Eneta.Examples.CodeContracts.Testable.IRandomGenerator)">             <summary>             Constructor of Randomizer. Initializes Randomizer class.             </summary>             <param name="generator">Instance of random number generator.</param>         </member>         <member name="M:Eneta.Examples.CodeContracts.Testable.Randomizer.GetRandomFromRangeContracted(System.Int32,System.Int32)">             <summary>             Returns random integer in given range.             </summary>             <param name="min">Minimum value of random integer.</param>             <param name="max">Maximum value of random integer.</param>         </member>     </members> </doc> You can see nothing about code contracts here. Enabling code contracts documentation Code contracts have their own settings and conditions for documentation. Open project properties and move to Code Contracts tab. From “Contract Reference Assembly” dropdown check Build and make check to checkbox “Emit contracts into XML doc file”. And again – save project setting, build the project and move to bin/Debug folder. Now you can see that there are two files for XML-documentation: <assembly name>.XML <assembly name>.old.XML First files is documentation with contracts, second file is original documentation without contracts. Let’s see now what is inside our new XML-documentation file. <?xml version="1.0"?> <doc>   <assembly>     <name>Eneta.Examples.CodeContracts.Testable</name>   </assembly>   <members>     <member name="T:Eneta.Examples.CodeContracts.Testable.Randomizer">       <summary>             Class for generating random integers in user specified range.             </summary>     </member>     <member name="M:Eneta.Examples.CodeContracts.Testable.Randomizer.#ctor(Eneta.Examples.CodeContracts.Testable.IRandomGenerator)">       <summary>             Constructor of Randomizer. Initializes Randomizer class.             </summary>       <param name="generator">Instance of random number generator.</param>     </member>     <member name="M:Eneta.Examples.CodeContracts.Testable.Randomizer.GetRandomFromRangeContracted(System.Int32,System.Int32)">       <summary>             Returns random integer in given range.             </summary>       <param name="min">Minimum value of random integer.</param>       <param name="max">Maximum value of random integer.</param>       <requires description="Min must be less than max" exception="T:System.ArgumentOutOfRangeException">                 min &lt; max</requires>       <exception cref="T:System.ArgumentOutOfRangeException">                 min &gt;= max</exception>       <ensures description="Return value is out of range">                 Contract.Result&lt;int&gt;() &gt;= min &amp;&amp;                 Contract.Result&lt;int&gt;() &lt;= max</ensures>     </member>   </members> </doc> As you can see then code contracts are pretty well documented. Messages that I provided with code contracts are also available in documentation. If I wrote very good and informative messages then these messages are very useful also in contracts documentation. Code contracts and Sandcastle Sandcastle knows nothing about code contracts by default. There is separate package of file for Sandcastle that is provided you by code contracts installation. You can read from code contracts manual: “Sandcastle (http://www.codeplex.com/Sandcastle) is a freely available tool that generates help les and web sites describing your APIs, based on the XML doc comments in your source code. The CodeContracts install contains a set of les that can be copied over a Sandcastle installation to take advantage of the additional contract information. The produced documentation adds a contract section to methods with declared requires and/or ensures. In order for Sandcastle to produce Contract sections, you need to patch a number of files in its installation. Please refer to the Sandcastle Readme.txt found under Start Menu/CodeContracts/Sandcastle for instructions. A future release of Sandcastle will hopefully support contract sections without the need for this patching step.” Integrating code contracts documentation to Sandcastle will be one of my next postings about code contracts. Conclusion if you are using code documentation then documentation about code contracts can be added to documentation very easily. All you have to do is to enable XML-documentation for contracts and build your project. Later you can use Sandcastle files provided by code contracts installer to integrate contracts documentation to your output documentation package.

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• What is a practical usage of Code Contracts in .NET 4.0?

  - by Will Marcouiller

  In order to fully understand and take advantage of the new features and enhancements provided with the coming of the new .NET Framework 4.0, I would like to get an example of real-world application of the Code Contracts. Anyone has a good example of application of this feature? I would like to get a code sample with a brief explanation to help me get up and running with it. Thanks! =)

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• Are you using CodeContracts? Do you knowabout any decent-sized project out there which uses is?

  - by SharePoint Newbie

  Are you using CodeContracts? Do you know about any decent-sized project out there which uses is?

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• CodeContracts: How to fullfill Require in Ctor using this() call?

  - by mafutrct

  I'm playing around with Microsoft's CodeContracts and encountered a problem I was unable to solve. I've got a class with two constructors: public Foo (public float f) { Contracts.Require(f > 0); } public Foo (int i) : this ((float)i) {} The example is simplified. I don't know how to check the second constructor's f for being 0. Is this even possible with Contracts?

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• Using Sandcastle to build code contracts documentation

  - by DigiMortal

  In my last posting about code contracts I showed how code contracts are documented in XML-documents. In this posting I will show you how to get code contracts documented with Sandcastle and Sandcastle Help File Builder. Before we start, let’s download Sandcastle tools we need: Sandcastle Sandcastle Help File Builder Install Sandcastle first and then Sandcastle Help File Builder. Because we are generating only HTML based documentation we upload to server we don’t need any other tools. Of course, we need Cassini or IIS, but I expect it to be already there in your machine. Open your project and turn on XML-documentation for project and contracts. Now let’s run Sandcastle Help File Builder. We have to create new project and add our Visual Studio solution to this project. Now set the HelpFileFormat parameter value to be Website and let builder build the help. You have to wait about two or three minutes until help is ready. Take a look at your documentation that Sandcastle generated – you see not much information there about code contracts and their rules. Enabling code contracts documentation Now let’s include code contracts to documentation. Follow these steps: Open Sandcastle folder and make copy of vs2005 folder. Open CodeContracts folder (c:\program files\microsoft\contracts\) and unzip the archive from sandcastle folder. Copy all unzipped files to Sandcastle folder. Create (yes, create new) and build your Sandcastle Help File Builder documentation project again. Open help. In my case I see something like this now. As you can see then contracts are documented pretty well. We can easily turn on code contracts XML-documentation generation and all our contracts are documented automatically. To get documentation work we had to use Sandcastle help file fixes that are installed with code contracts and if we had previously Sandcastle Help File Builder project we had to create it from start to get new rules accepted. Once the documentation support for contracts works we have to do nothing more to get contracts documented.

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• How to avoid "source !=null" when using Code Contracts and Linq To Sql?

  - by Florian

  I have the following code using a normal data context which works great: var dc = new myDataContext(); Contract.Assume(dc.Cars!= null); var cars = (from c in dc.Cars where c.Owner = 'Jim' select c).ToList(); However when I convert the filter to an extension method like this: var dc = new myDataContext(); Contract.Assume(dc.Cars!= null); var cars = dc.Cars.WithOwner('Jim'); public static IQueryable<Car> WithOwner(IQueryable<Car> cars, string owner) { Contract.Requires(cars != null); return cars.Where(c => c.Owner = owner); } I get the following warning: warning : CodeContracts: requires unproven: source != null

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• Code Contracts with Interfaces: "Method Invocation skipped. Compiler will generate method invocation

  - by Jörg Battermann

  Good evening, I just started playing with Microsoft.Contracts (latest version) and plugging it on top of a sample interface and right now it looks like this: namespace iRMA2.Core.Interfaces { using System; using System.Collections.Generic; using System.ComponentModel.Composition; using System.Diagnostics.Contracts; /// <summary> /// Base Interface declarations for iRMA2 Extensions /// </summary> [InheritedExport] [ContractClass(typeof(IiRMA2ExtensionContract))] public interface IiRMA2Extension { /// <summary> /// Gets the name. /// </summary> /// <value>The name of the Extension.</value> string Name { get; } /// <summary> /// Gets the description. /// </summary> /// <value>The description.</value> string Description { get; } /// <summary> /// Gets the author of the extension. Please provide complete information to get in touch with author(s) and the corresponding department /// </summary> /// <value>The author of the extensions.</value> string Author { get; } /// <summary> /// Gets the major version. /// </summary> /// <value>The major version of the extension.</value> int MajorVersion { get; } /// <summary> /// Gets the minor version. /// </summary> /// <value>The minor version.</value> int MinorVersion { get; } /// <summary> /// Gets the build number. /// </summary> /// <value>The build number.</value> int BuildNumber { get; } /// <summary> /// Gets the revision. /// </summary> /// <value>The revision.</value> int Revision { get; } /// <summary> /// Gets the depends on. /// </summary> /// <value>The dependencies to other <c>IiRMA2Extension</c> this one has.</value> IList<IiRMA2Extension> DependsOn { get; } } /// <summary> /// Contract class for <c>IiRMA2Extension</c> /// </summary> [ContractClassFor(typeof(IiRMA2Extension))] internal sealed class IiRMA2ExtensionContract : IiRMA2Extension { #region Implementation of IiRMA2Extension /// <summary> /// Gets or sets the name. /// </summary> /// <value>The name of the Extension.</value> public string Name { get { Contract.Ensures(!String.IsNullOrEmpty(Contract.Result<string>())); return default(string); } set { Contract.Requires(value != null); } } /// <summary> /// Gets the description. /// </summary> /// <value>The description.</value> public string Description { get { throw new NotImplementedException(); } } /// <summary> /// Gets the author of the extension. Please provide complete information to get in touch with author(s) and the corresponding department /// </summary> /// <value>The author of the extensions.</value> public string Author { get { throw new NotImplementedException(); } } /// <summary> /// Gets the major version. /// </summary> /// <value>The major version of the extension.</value> public int MajorVersion { get { throw new NotImplementedException(); } } /// <summary> /// Gets the minor version. /// </summary> /// <value>The minor version.</value> public int MinorVersion { get { throw new NotImplementedException(); } } /// <summary> /// Gets the build number. /// </summary> /// <value>The build number.</value> public int BuildNumber { get { throw new NotImplementedException(); } } /// <summary> /// Gets the revision. /// </summary> /// <value>The revision.</value> public int Revision { get { throw new NotImplementedException(); } } /// <summary> /// Gets the Extensions this one depends on. /// </summary> /// <value>The dependencies to other <c>IiRMA2Extension</c> this one has.</value> public IList<IiRMA2Extension> DependsOn { get { Contract.Ensures(Contract.Result<IList<IiRMA2Extension>>() != null); return default(IList<IiRMA2Extension>); } } #endregion } } Now why are the two Contract.Ensures(...) 'blured' out visually with the tooltip saying "Method Invocation skipped. Compiler will generate method invocation because the method is conditional or it is partial method without implementation" and in fact the CodeContracts output does not count/show them... What am I missing & doing wrong here? -J

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