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  • Epsilon : An Oracle Customer Profile

    - by Anand Akela
    ZDNet published an article today based on the interview of Jeff White, vice president, technology, strategic database services at Epsilon. Jeff discussed Oracle Exadata Database Machine and Oracle Enterprise Manager with the ZDNet writer Dan Kusnetzky . Read the article  Epsilon : An Oracle Customer Profile . Jeff White, Epsilon VP, was honored with Oracle’s Data Warehouse Leader of the Year for Innovative Data Warehouse Deployment of Oracle Exadata and Oracle Enterprise Manager earlier this year. In one of the videos earlier this year, Jeff mentioned that Epsilon has streamlined IT administration, monitoring, and engineered systems maintenance with Oracle Enterprise Manager. Having gained in operational efficiencies, Epsilon is now providing greater efficiencies to its customers. For more information, please go to Oracle Enterprise Manager  web page or  follow us at :  Twitter | Facebook | YouTube | Linkedin | Newsletter

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  • File Segmentation when trying to write in a file

    - by user1286390
    I am trying in C language to use the method of bisection to find the roots of some equation, however when I try to write every step of this process in a file I get the problem "Segmentation fault". This might be an idiot fault that I did, however I have been trying to solve this for a long time. I am compiling using gcc and that is the code: #include <stdio.h> #include <stdlib.h> #include <math.h> #define R 1.0 #define h 1.0 double function(double a); void attractor(double *a1, double *a2, double *epsilon); void attractor(double *a1, double *a2, double *epsilon) { FILE* bisection; double a2_copia, a3, fa1, fa2; bisection = fopen("bisection-part1.txt", "w"); fa1 = function(*a1); fa2 = function(*a2); if(function(*a1) - function(*a2) > 0.0) *epsilon = function(*a1) - function(*a2); else *epsilon = function(*a2) - function(*a1); fprintf(bisection, "a1 a2 fa1 fa2 epsilon\n"); a2_copia = 0.0; if(function(*a1) * function(*a2) < 0.0 && *epsilon >= 0.00001) { a3 = *a2 - (*a2 - *a1); a2_copia = *a2; *a2 = a3; if(function(*a1) - function(*a2) > 0.0) *epsilon = function(*a1) - function(*a2); else *epsilon = function(*a2) - function(*a1); if(function(*a1) * function(*a2) < 0.0 && *epsilon >= 0.00001) { fprintf(bisection, "%.4f %.4f %.4f %.4f %.4f\n", *a1, *a2, function(*a1), function(*a1), *epsilon); attractor(a1, a2, epsilon); } else { *a2 = a2_copia; *a1 = a3; if(function(*a1) - function(*a2) > 0) *epsilon = function(*a1) - function(*a2); else *epsilon = function(*a2) - function(*a1); if(function(*a1) * function(*a2) < 0.0 && *epsilon >= 0.00001) { fprintf(bisection, "%.4f %.4f %.4f %.4f %.4f\n", *a1, *a2, function(*a1), function(*a1), *epsilon); attractor(a1, a2, epsilon); } } } fa1 = function(*a1); fa2 = function(*a2); if(function(*a1) - function(*a2) > 0.0) *epsilon = function(*a1) - function(*a2); else *epsilon = function(*a2) - function(*a1); fprintf(bisection, "%.4f %.4f %.4f %.4f %.4f\n", a1, a2, fa1, fa2, epsilon); } double function(double a) { double fa; fa = (a * cosh(h / (2 * a))) - R; return fa; } int main() { double a1, a2, fa1, fa2, epsilon; a1 = 0.1; a2 = 0.5; fa1 = function(a1); fa2 = function(a2); if(fa1 - fa2 > 0.0) epsilon = fa1 - fa2; else epsilon = fa2 - fa1; if(epsilon >= 0.00001) { fa1 = function(a1); fa2 = function(a2); attractor(&a1, &a2, &epsilon); fa1 = function(a1); fa2 = function(a2); if(fa1 - fa2 > 0.0) epsilon = fa1 - fa2; else epsilon = fa2 - fa1; } if(epsilon < 0.0001) printf("Vanish at %f", a2); else printf("ERROR"); return 0; } Thanks anyway and sorry if this question is not suitable.

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  • Does "epsilon" really guarantees anything in floating-point computations?!

    - by Michal Czardybon
    To make the problem short let's say I want to compute expression: a / (b - c) on float's. To make sure the result is meaningful, I can check if 'b' and 'c' are inequal: float eps = std::numeric_limits<float>::epsilon(); if ((b - c) > EPS || (c - b) > EPS) { return a / (b - c); } but my tests show it is not enough to guarantee either meaningful results nor not failing to provide a result if it is possible. Case 1: a = 1.0f; b = 0.00000003f; c = 0.00000002f; Result: The if condition is NOT met, but the expression would produce a correct result 100000008 (as for the floats' precision). Case 2: a = 1e33f; b = 0.000003; c = 0.000002; Result: The if condition is met, but the expression produces not a meaningful result +1.#INF00. I found it much more reliable to check the result, not the arguments: const float INF = numeric_limits<float>::infinity(); float x = a / (b - c); if (-INF < x && x < INF) { return x; } But what for is the epsilon then and why is everyone saying epsilon is good to use?

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  • OPTICS Clustering algorithm. How to get the best epsilon

    - by Marco Galassi
    I am implementing a project which needs to cluster geographical points. OPTICS algorithm seems to be a very nice solution. It needs just 2 parameters as input(MinPts and Epsilon), which are, respectively, the minimum number of points needed to consider them as a cluster, and the distance value used to compare if two points are in can be placed in same cluster. My problem is that, due to the extreme variety of the points, I can't set a fixed epsilon. Just look at the image below. The same points structure but in a different scale would result very different. Suppose to set MinPts=2 and epsilon = 1Km. On the left, the algorithm would create 2 clusters(red and blue), but on the right it would create one single cluster containing all of the points(red), but I would like to obtain 2 clusters even on the right. So my question is: is there any kind of way to calculate dynamically the epsilon value to get this result? Thank you very much and excuse my for my poor english. Marco

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  • output with "Private`" Content in Mathematica Package

    - by madalina
    Hello everyone, I am trying to solve the following implementation problem in Mathematica 7.0 for some days now and I do not understand exactly what is happening so I hope someone can give me some hints. I have 3 functions that I implemented in Mathematica in a source file with extension *.nb. They are working okay to all the examples. Now I want to put these functions into 3 different packages. So I created three different packages with extension .*m in which I put all the desired Mathematica function. An example in the "stereographic.m" package which contain the code: BeginPackage["stereographic`"] stereographic::usage="The package stereographic...." formEqs::usage="The function formEqs[complexBivPolyEqn..." makePoly::usage="The function makePoly[algebraicEqn] ..." getFixPolys::usage="The function..." milnorFibration::usage="The function..." Begin["Private`"] Share[]; formEqs[complex_,{m_,n_}]:=Block[{complexnew,complexnew1, realeq, imageq, expreal, expimag, polyrealF, polyimagF,s,t,u,v,a,b,c,epsilon,x,y,z}, complexnew:=complex/.{m->s+I*t,n->u+I*v}; complexnew1:=complexnew/.{s->(2 a epsilon)/(1+a^2+b^2+c^2),t->(2 b epsilon)/(1+a^2+b^2+c^2),u->(2 c epsilon)/(1+a^2+b^2+c^2),v->(- epsilon+a^2 epsilon+b^2 epsilon+c^2 epsilon)/(1+a^2+b^2+c^2)}; realeq:=ComplexExpand[Re[complexnew1]]; imageq:=ComplexExpand[Im[complexnew1]]; expreal:=makePoly[realeq]; expimag:=makePoly[imageq]; polyrealF:=expreal/.{a->x,b->y,c->z}; polyimagF:=expimag/.{a->x,b->y,c->z}; {polyrealF,polyimagF} ] End[] EndPackage[] Now to test the function I load the package Needs["stereographic`"] everything is okay. But when I test the function for example with formEqs[x^2-y^2,{x,y}] I get the following ouput: {Private`epsilon^2 + 2 Private`x^2 Private`epsilon^2 + Private`x^4 Private`epsilon^2 - 6 Private`y^2 Private`epsilon^2 + 2 Private`x^2 Private`y^2 Private`epsilon^2 + Private`y^4 Private`epsilon^2 - 6 Private`z^2 Private`epsilon^2 + 2 Private`x^2 Private`z^2 Private`epsilon^2 + 2 Private`y^2 Private`z^2 Private`epsilon^2 + Private`z^4 Private`epsilon^2, 8 Private`x Private`y Private`epsilon^2 + 4 Private`z Private`epsilon^2 - 4 Private`x^2 Private`z Private`epsilon^2 - 4 Private`y^2 Private`z Private`epsilon^2 - 4 Private`z^3 Private`epsilon^2} Of course I do not understand why Private` appears in front of any local variable which I returned in the final result. I would want not to have this Private` in the computed output. Any idea or better explanations which could indicate me why this happens? Thank you very much for your help. Best wishes, madalina

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  • C/C++: Passing a structure by value, with another structure as one of its members, changes values of

    - by jellyfisharepretty
    Sorry for the confusing title, but it basically says it all. Here's the structures I'm using (found in OpenCV) : struct CV_EXPORTS CvRTParams : public CvDTreeParams { bool calc_var_importance; int nactive_vars; CvTermCriteria term_crit; CvRTParams() : CvDTreeParams( 5, 10, 0, false, 10, 0, false, false, 0 ), calc_var_importance(false), nactive_vars(0) { term_crit = cvTermCriteria( CV_TERMCRIT_ITER+CV_TERMCRIT_EPS, 50, 0.1 ); } } and typedef struct CvTermCriteria { int type; int max_iter; double epsilon; } CvTermCriteria; CV_INLINE CvTermCriteria cvTermCriteria( int type, int max_iter, double epsilon ) { CvTermCriteria t; t.type = type; t.max_iter = max_iter; t.epsilon = (float)epsilon; return t; } Now, I initialize a CvRTParams structure and set values for its members : CvRTParams params; params.max_depth = 8; params.min_sample_count = 10; params.regression_accuracy = 0; params.use_surrogates = false; params.max_categories = 10; params.priors = priors; params.calc_var_importance = true; params.nactive_vars = 9; params.term_crit.max_iter = 33; params.term_crit.epsilon = 0.1; params.term_crit.type = 3; Then call a function of an object, taking params in as a parameter : CvRTrees* rt = new CvRTrees; rt->train(t, CV_ROW_SAMPLE, r, 0, 0, var_type, 0, params) What happens now ? Values of... params.term_crit.max_iter params.term_crit.epsilon params.term_crit.type have changed ! They are no longer 33, 0.1 and 3, but something along the lines of 3, 7.05541e-313 and 4, and this, for the whole duration of the CvRtrees::train() function...

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  • When can Java produce a NaN (with specific code question)

    - by Brent
    I'm a bit perplexed by some code I'm currently writing. I am trying to preform a specific gradient descent (main loop included below) and depending on the initial conditions I will alternatively get good looking results (perhaps 20% of the time) or everything becomes NaN (the other 80% of the time). However it seems to me that none of the operations in my code could produce NaN's when given honest numbers! My main loop is: // calculate errors delta = m1 + m2 - M; eta = f1 + f2 - F; for (int i = 0; i < numChildren; i++) { epsilon[i] = p[i]*m1+(1-p[i])*m2+q[i]*f1+(1-q[i])*f2-C[i]; } // use errors in gradient descent // set aside differences for the p's and q's float mDiff = m1 - m2; float fDiff = f1 - f2; // first update m's and f's m1 -= rate*delta; m2 -= rate*delta; f1 -= rate*eta; f2 -= rate*eta; for (int i = 0; i < numChildren; i++) { m1 -= rate*epsilon[i]*p[i]; m2 -= rate*epsilon[i]*(1-p[i]); f1 -= rate*epsilon[i]*q[i]; f2 -= rate*epsilon[i]*(1-q[i]); } // now update the p's and q's for (int i = 0; i < numChildren; i++) { p[i] -= rate*epsilon[i]*mDiff; q[i] -= rate*epsilon[i]*fDiff; } This behavior can be seen when we have rate = 0.01; M = 30; F = 30; C = {15, 25, 35, 45}; with the p[i] and q[i] chosen randomly uniformly between 0 and 1, m1 and m2 chosen randomly uniformly to add to M, and f1 and f2 chosen randomly uniformly to add up to F. Does anyone see anything that could create these NaN's?

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  • Arcball Problems with UDK

    - by opdude
    I'm trying to re-create an arcball example from a Nehe, where an object can be rotated in a more realistic way while floating in the air (in my game the object is attached to the player at a distance like for example the Physics Gun) however I'm having trouble getting this to work with UDK. I have created an LGArcBall which follows the example from Nehe and I've compared outputs from this with the example code. I think where my problem lies is what I do to the Quaternion that is returned from the LGArcBall. Currently I am taking the returned Quaternion converting it to a rotation matrix. Getting the product of the last rotation (set when the object is first clicked) and then returning that into a Rotator and setting that to the objects rotation. If you could point me in the right direction that would be great, my code can be found below. class LGArcBall extends Object; var Quat StartRotation; var Vector StartVector; var float AdjustWidth, AdjustHeight, Epsilon; function SetBounds(float NewWidth, float NewHeight) { AdjustWidth = 1.0f / ((NewWidth - 1.0f) * 0.5f); AdjustHeight = 1.0f / ((NewHeight - 1.0f) * 0.5f); } function StartDrag(Vector2D startPoint, Quat rotation) { StartVector = MapToSphere(startPoint); } function Quat Update(Vector2D currentPoint) { local Vector currentVector, perp; local Quat newRot; //Map the new point to the sphere currentVector = MapToSphere(currentPoint); //Compute the vector perpendicular to the start and current perp = startVector cross currentVector; //Make sure our length is larger than Epsilon if (VSize(perp) > Epsilon) { //Return the perpendicular vector as the transform newRot.X = perp.X; newRot.Y = perp.Y; newRot.Z = perp.Z; //In the quaternion values, w is cosine (theta / 2), where //theta is the rotation angle newRot.W = startVector dot currentVector; } else { //The two vectors coincide, so return an identity transform newRot.X = 0.0f; newRot.Y = 0.0f; newRot.Z = 0.0f; newRot.W = 0.0f; } return newRot; } function Vector MapToSphere(Vector2D point) { local float x, y, length, norm; local Vector result; //Transform the mouse coords to [-1..1] //and inverse the Y coord x = (point.X * AdjustWidth) - 1.0f; y = 1.0f - (point.Y * AdjustHeight); length = (x * x) + (y * y); //If the point is mapped outside of the sphere //( length > radius squared) if (length > 1.0f) { norm = 1.0f / Sqrt(length); //Return the "normalized" vector, a point on the sphere result.X = x * norm; result.Y = y * norm; result.Z = 0.0f; } else //It's inside of the sphere { //Return a vector to the point mapped inside the sphere //sqrt(radius squared - length) result.X = x; result.Y = y; result.Z = Sqrt(1.0f - length); } return result; } DefaultProperties { Epsilon = 0.000001f } I'm then attempting to rotate that object when the mouse is dragged, with the following update code in my PlayerController. //Get Mouse Position MousePosition.X = LGMouseInterfacePlayerInput(PlayerInput).MousePosition.X; MousePosition.Y = LGMouseInterfacePlayerInput(PlayerInput).MousePosition.Y; newQuat = ArcBall.Update(MousePosition); rotMatrix = MakeRotationMatrix(QuatToRotator(newQuat)); rotMatrix = rotMatrix * LastRot; LGMoveableActor(movingPawn.CurrentUseableObject).SetPhysics(EPhysics.PHYS_Rotating); LGMoveableActor(movingPawn.CurrentUseableObject).SetRotation(MatrixGetRotator(rotMatrix));

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  • Dealing with infinite loops when constructing states for LR(1) parsing

    - by Bruce
    I'm currently constructing LR(1) states from the following grammar. S->AS S->c A->aA A->b where A,S are nonterminals and a,b,c are terminals. This is the construction of I0 I0: S' -> .S, epsilon --------------- S -> .AS, epsilon S -> .c, epsilon --------------- S -> .AS, a S -> .c, c A -> .aA, a A -> .b, b And I1. From S, I1: S' -> S., epsilon //DONE And so on. But when I get to constructing I4... From a, I4: A -> a.A, a ----------- A -> .aA, a A -> .b, b The problem is A - .aA When I attempt to construct the next state from a, I'm going to once again get the exact same content of I4, and this continues infinitely. A similar loop occurs with S -> .AS So, what am I doing wrong? There has to be some detail that I'm missing, but I've browsed my notes and my book and either can't find or just don't understand what's wrong here. Any help?

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  • python- scipy optimization

    - by pear
    In scipy fmin_slsqp (Sequential Least Squares Quadratic Programming), I tried reading the code 'slsqp.py' provided with the scipy package, to find what are the criteria to get the exit_modes 0? I cannot find which statements in the code produce this exit mode? Please help me 'slsqp.py' code as follows, exit_modes = { -1 : "Gradient evaluation required (g & a)", 0 : "Optimization terminated successfully.", 1 : "Function evaluation required (f & c)", 2 : "More equality constraints than independent variables", 3 : "More than 3*n iterations in LSQ subproblem", 4 : "Inequality constraints incompatible", 5 : "Singular matrix E in LSQ subproblem", 6 : "Singular matrix C in LSQ subproblem", 7 : "Rank-deficient equality constraint subproblem HFTI", 8 : "Positive directional derivative for linesearch", 9 : "Iteration limit exceeded" } def fmin_slsqp( func, x0 , eqcons=[], f_eqcons=None, ieqcons=[], f_ieqcons=None, bounds = [], fprime = None, fprime_eqcons=None, fprime_ieqcons=None, args = (), iter = 100, acc = 1.0E-6, iprint = 1, full_output = 0, epsilon = _epsilon ): # Now do a lot of function wrapping # Wrap func feval, func = wrap_function(func, args) # Wrap fprime, if provided, or approx_fprime if not if fprime: geval, fprime = wrap_function(fprime,args) else: geval, fprime = wrap_function(approx_fprime,(func,epsilon)) if f_eqcons: # Equality constraints provided via f_eqcons ceval, f_eqcons = wrap_function(f_eqcons,args) if fprime_eqcons: # Wrap fprime_eqcons geval, fprime_eqcons = wrap_function(fprime_eqcons,args) else: # Wrap approx_jacobian geval, fprime_eqcons = wrap_function(approx_jacobian, (f_eqcons,epsilon)) else: # Equality constraints provided via eqcons[] eqcons_prime = [] for i in range(len(eqcons)): eqcons_prime.append(None) if eqcons[i]: # Wrap eqcons and eqcons_prime ceval, eqcons[i] = wrap_function(eqcons[i],args) geval, eqcons_prime[i] = wrap_function(approx_fprime, (eqcons[i],epsilon)) if f_ieqcons: # Inequality constraints provided via f_ieqcons ceval, f_ieqcons = wrap_function(f_ieqcons,args) if fprime_ieqcons: # Wrap fprime_ieqcons geval, fprime_ieqcons = wrap_function(fprime_ieqcons,args) else: # Wrap approx_jacobian geval, fprime_ieqcons = wrap_function(approx_jacobian, (f_ieqcons,epsilon)) else: # Inequality constraints provided via ieqcons[] ieqcons_prime = [] for i in range(len(ieqcons)): ieqcons_prime.append(None) if ieqcons[i]: # Wrap ieqcons and ieqcons_prime ceval, ieqcons[i] = wrap_function(ieqcons[i],args) geval, ieqcons_prime[i] = wrap_function(approx_fprime, (ieqcons[i],epsilon)) # Transform x0 into an array. x = asfarray(x0).flatten() # Set the parameters that SLSQP will need # meq = The number of equality constraints if f_eqcons: meq = len(f_eqcons(x)) else: meq = len(eqcons) if f_ieqcons: mieq = len(f_ieqcons(x)) else: mieq = len(ieqcons) # m = The total number of constraints m = meq + mieq # la = The number of constraints, or 1 if there are no constraints la = array([1,m]).max() # n = The number of independent variables n = len(x) # Define the workspaces for SLSQP n1 = n+1 mineq = m - meq + n1 + n1 len_w = (3*n1+m)*(n1+1)+(n1-meq+1)*(mineq+2) + 2*mineq+(n1+mineq)*(n1-meq) \ + 2*meq + n1 +(n+1)*n/2 + 2*m + 3*n + 3*n1 + 1 len_jw = mineq w = zeros(len_w) jw = zeros(len_jw) # Decompose bounds into xl and xu if len(bounds) == 0: bounds = [(-1.0E12, 1.0E12) for i in range(n)] elif len(bounds) != n: raise IndexError, \ 'SLSQP Error: If bounds is specified, len(bounds) == len(x0)' else: for i in range(len(bounds)): if bounds[i][0] > bounds[i][1]: raise ValueError, \ 'SLSQP Error: lb > ub in bounds[' + str(i) +'] ' + str(bounds[4]) xl = array( [ b[0] for b in bounds ] ) xu = array( [ b[1] for b in bounds ] ) # Initialize the iteration counter and the mode value mode = array(0,int) acc = array(acc,float) majiter = array(iter,int) majiter_prev = 0 # Print the header if iprint >= 2 if iprint >= 2: print "%5s %5s %16s %16s" % ("NIT","FC","OBJFUN","GNORM") while 1: if mode == 0 or mode == 1: # objective and constraint evaluation requird # Compute objective function fx = func(x) # Compute the constraints if f_eqcons: c_eq = f_eqcons(x) else: c_eq = array([ eqcons[i](x) for i in range(meq) ]) if f_ieqcons: c_ieq = f_ieqcons(x) else: c_ieq = array([ ieqcons[i](x) for i in range(len(ieqcons)) ]) # Now combine c_eq and c_ieq into a single matrix if m == 0: # no constraints c = zeros([la]) else: # constraints exist if meq > 0 and mieq == 0: # only equality constraints c = c_eq if meq == 0 and mieq > 0: # only inequality constraints c = c_ieq if meq > 0 and mieq > 0: # both equality and inequality constraints exist c = append(c_eq, c_ieq) if mode == 0 or mode == -1: # gradient evaluation required # Compute the derivatives of the objective function # For some reason SLSQP wants g dimensioned to n+1 g = append(fprime(x),0.0) # Compute the normals of the constraints if fprime_eqcons: a_eq = fprime_eqcons(x) else: a_eq = zeros([meq,n]) for i in range(meq): a_eq[i] = eqcons_prime[i](x) if fprime_ieqcons: a_ieq = fprime_ieqcons(x) else: a_ieq = zeros([mieq,n]) for i in range(mieq): a_ieq[i] = ieqcons_prime[i](x) # Now combine a_eq and a_ieq into a single a matrix if m == 0: # no constraints a = zeros([la,n]) elif meq > 0 and mieq == 0: # only equality constraints a = a_eq elif meq == 0 and mieq > 0: # only inequality constraints a = a_ieq elif meq > 0 and mieq > 0: # both equality and inequality constraints exist a = vstack((a_eq,a_ieq)) a = concatenate((a,zeros([la,1])),1) # Call SLSQP slsqp(m, meq, x, xl, xu, fx, c, g, a, acc, majiter, mode, w, jw) # Print the status of the current iterate if iprint > 2 and the # major iteration has incremented if iprint >= 2 and majiter > majiter_prev: print "%5i %5i % 16.6E % 16.6E" % (majiter,feval[0], fx,linalg.norm(g)) # If exit mode is not -1 or 1, slsqp has completed if abs(mode) != 1: break majiter_prev = int(majiter) # Optimization loop complete. Print status if requested if iprint >= 1: print exit_modes[int(mode)] + " (Exit mode " + str(mode) + ')' print " Current function value:", fx print " Iterations:", majiter print " Function evaluations:", feval[0] print " Gradient evaluations:", geval[0] if not full_output: return x else: return [list(x), float(fx), int(majiter), int(mode), exit_modes[int(mode)] ]

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  • java.rmi.UnmarshalException: unable to pull client classes by server

    - by andrews
    Hi, I have an RMI client/server set-up on two machines that works fine in a simple situation when the server doesn't require a client-side defned class. However, when I need to use a class defined on the client side I am unable to have the server unmarshall those classes. I suspect this is an issue with my java.rmi.server.codebase property that I pass in as argument to the client app. I followed Sun's RMI Tutorial trail and I think I have followed the steps exactly except that I don't specify a classpath argument when executing client and server because they execute in the directory right above the root package directory (however I tried that too with no effect). The exceptions I get when attempting to execute the different client-side combinations described in detail below are all the same: RmiServer exception: java.rmi.ServerException: RemoteException occurred in server thread; nested exception is: java.rmi.UnmarshalException: error unmarshalling arguments; nested exception is: java.lang.ClassNotFoundException: test.MyTask at sun.rmi.server.UnicastServerRef.dispatch(UnicastServerRef.java:353) at sun.rmi.transport.Transport$1.run(Transport.java:177) at java.security.AccessController.doPrivileged(Native Method) at sun.rmi.transport.Transport.serviceCall(Transport.java:173) at sun.rmi.transport.tcp.TCPTransport.handleMessages(TCPTransport.java:553) at sun.rmi.transport.tcp.TCPTransport$ConnectionHandler.run0(TCPTransport.java:808) at sun.rmi.transport.tcp.TCPTransport$ConnectionHandler.run(TCPTransport.java:667) at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor.runWorker(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:1110) at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor$Worker.run(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:603) at java.lang.Thread.run(Thread.java:636) at sun.rmi.transport.StreamRemoteCall.exceptionReceivedFromServer(StreamRemoteCall.java:255) at sun.rmi.transport.StreamRemoteCall.executeCall(StreamRemoteCall.java:233) at sun.rmi.server.UnicastRef.invoke(UnicastRef.java:142) at java.rmi.server.RemoteObjectInvocationHandler.invokeRemoteMethod(RemoteObjectInvocationHandler.java:178) at java.rmi.server.RemoteObjectInvocationHandler.invoke(RemoteObjectInvocationHandler.java:132) at $Proxy0.execute(Unknown Source) at test.myClient.main(myClient.java:32) The details are: My client/server rmi is set up over a home network behind a router. The router is assigned to a static ip address I will call myhostname. Appropriate port-mapping is set-up in the router that points to the right machines. role, machine, os, ip-address: server, venice, linux ubuntu 9.10, 10.0.1.2 client, naples, mac os x leopard, 10.0.1.4 I startup the server side as follows inside /home/andrews/workspace/epsilon/bin: 1 starting registry on the default port 1099: venice% rmiregistry & 2 starting web-server on port 2001 pointing to code base for common interfaces: venice% java webserver/ClassFileServer 2001 /home/andrew/workspace/epsilon/bin 3 starting server app (main class in test/myServer) which registers the server object: venice% java -Djava.rmi.server.codebase="http://myhostname:2001/" -Djava.security.policy=server.policy -Djava.rmi.server.hostname=myhostname test/myServer & Now the client side inside /Users/andrews/Development/Java/workspace/epsilon/bin: 1 start a local web server that can server client-side classes to the server (not sure if this is needed, but I added I tried it, and still no success; I have added port-mapping to the router for 2001 to venice, for 2002 to naples) naples$ java webserver/ClassFileServer 2002 /Users/andrews/Development/Java/workspace/epsilon/bin/ Trying to run the client (note: I don't specify the -cp argument because client executes right above the root package directory): 1 try #1 using an http hostname naples$ java -Djava.rmi.server.codebase=http://10.0.1.4:2002/ -Djava.security.policy=client.policy test.myClient myhostname Note 1: the myhostname argument at the end is passed-in to the client so that it resolves to server's rmi hostname. Note 2: I tried using localhost:2002 instead of 10.0.1.4:2002 too. Note 3: I tried using myhostname:2002 since myhostname is assigned to the router and I have proper port-mapping set-up, this address should resolve to naples and not venice 2 try #2: naples$ java -Djava.rmi.server.codebase=file:/Users/andrews/Development/Java/workspace/epsilon/bin/ -Djava.security.policy=client.policy test.myClient myhostname Note 1: the code base url format is correct, I created a small program to convert current file directory path into a url and used that. using file:///Users... has same effect. Other notes: 1 my server and client policy files correctly specify the path, as I've tested this setup with good and bad paths, and getting a security exception for bad path 2 this setup works if I don't use client-side defined objects, the client connects correctly to the server and the server executes. 3 when I place the client-side class on the server in the server's classpath, all executes fine. All help is appreciated.

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  • Servlet stops without giving any exception

    - by Fahim
    Hi, I have implemented a Servlet hosted on Tomcat 6 server on Mandriva Linux. I have been able to make the client communicate with the Servlet. In response to a request the Servlet tries to instantiate a another class (named KalmanFilter) located in the same directory. The KalmanFilter tries to create four Matrices (using Jama Matrix package). But at this point Servlet stops without giving any exception ! However, from another test code in the same directory I have been able to create instance of KalmanFilter class, and proceed without any error. The problem occurs only when my Servlet tries to instantiate the KalmanFilter class and create the matrices. Any idea? Below are the codes: MyServlet.java import javax.servlet.*; import javax.servlet.http.*; import java.io.*; import java.util.*; public class MyServlet extends HttpServlet { public void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException{ doGet(request, response); } public void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException{ PrintWriter out = null; //response.getWriter(); try{ System.out.println("creating new KalmanFilter"); KalmanFilter filter = new KalmanFilter(); out = response.getWriter(); out.print("filter created"); }catch(Exception ex){ ex.printStackTrace(); System.out.println("Exception in doGet(): " + ex.getMessage()); ex.printStackTrace(out); } } } KalmanFilter.java import Jama.Matrix; public class KalmanFilter { protected Matrix X, X0; protected Matrix F, Q; //protected Matrix F, B, U, Q; protected Matrix H, R; protected Matrix P, P0; private final double EPSILON = 0.001; public KalmanFilter(){ System.out.println("from constructor of KalmanFilter"); createInitialMatrices(); } private void createInitialMatrices(){ System.out.println("from KalmanFilter.createInitialMatrices()"); double[][] pVals = { {1.0, 0.0}, {0.0, 1.0} }; double[][] qVals = { {EPSILON, EPSILON}, {EPSILON, EPSILON} }; double[][] hVals = { {1.0, 0.0}, {0.0, 1.0}, {1.0, 0.0}, {0.0, 1.0} }; double[][] xVals = { {0.0}, {0.0}, }; System.out.println("creating P Q H X matrices in createInitialMatrices()"); try{ this.P = new Matrix(pVals); System.out.println("created P matrix in createInitialMatrices()"); this.Q = new Matrix(qVals); System.out.println("created Q matrix in createInitialMatrices()"); this.H = new Matrix(hVals); System.out.println("created H matrix in createInitialMatrices()"); this.X = new Matrix(xVals); System.out.println("created X matrix in createInitialMatrices()"); System.out.println("created P Q H X matrices in createInitialMatrices()"); }catch(Exception e){ System.out.println("Exception from createInitialMatrices()"+ e.getMessage()); e.printStackTrace(); } System.out.println("returning from createInitialMatrices()"); } }

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  • How do you specify a really large character in UIButton?

    - by Epsilon Prime
    I have a series of buttons that have suit symbols on them. Currently I provide these suit symbols as bitmaps. In preparation for iPhone 4 I'd like to use text instead. However Interface Builder rescales the button to account for whitespace underneath the symbol so I can't get the image to fill the button completely. Any hints on getting Interface Builder to behave?

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  • Why doesn't functools.partial return a real function (and how to create one that does)?

    - by epsilon
    So I was playing around with currying functions in Python and one of the things that I noticed was that functools.partial returns a partial object rather than an actual function. One of the things that annoyed me about this was that if I did something along the lines of: five = partial(len, 'hello') five('something') then we get TypeError: len() takes exactly 1 argument (2 given) but what I want to happen is TypeError: five() takes no arguments (1 given) Is there a clean way to make it work like this? I wrote a workaround, but it's too hacky for my taste (doesn't work yet for functions with varargs): def mypartial(f, *args): argcount = f.func_code.co_argcount - len(args) params = ''.join('a' + str(i) + ',' for i in xrange(argcount)) code = ''' def func(f, args): def %s(%s): return f(*(args+(%s))) return %s ''' % (f.func_name, params, params, f.func_name) exec code in locals() return func(f, args)

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  • OpenCL - incremental summation during compute

    - by user1721997
    I'm absolutelly novice in OpenCL programming. For my app. (molecular simulaton) I wrote a kernel for calculate intermolecular potential of lennard-jones liquid. In this kernel I need to compute cumulative value of the potential of all particles with one: __kernel void Molsim(__global const float* inmatrix, __global float* fi, const int c, const float r1, const float r2, const float r3, const float rc, const float epsilon, const float sigma, const float h1, const float h23) { float fi0; float fi1; float d; unsigned int i = get_global_id(0); //number of particles (typically 2000) if(c!=i) { // potential before particle movement d=sqrt(pow((0.5*h1-fabs(0.5*h1-fabs(inmatrix[c*3]-inmatrix[i*3]))),2.0)+pow((0.5*h23-fabs(0.5*h23-fabs(inmatrix[c*3+1]-inmatrix[i*3+1]))),2.0)+pow((0.5*h23-fabs(0.5*h23-fabs(inmatrix[c*3+2]-inmatrix[i*3+2]))),2.0)); if(d<rc) { fi0=4.0*epsilon*(pow(sigma/d,12.0)-pow(sigma/d,6.0)); } else { fi0=0; } // potential after particle movement d=sqrt(pow((0.5*h1-fabs(0.5*h1-fabs(r1-inmatrix[i*3]))),2.0)+pow((0.5*h23-fabs(0.5*h23-fabs(r2-inmatrix[i*3+1]))),2.0)+pow((0.5*h23-fabs(0.5*h23-fabs(r3-inmatrix[i*3+2]))),2.0)); if(d<rc) { fi1=4.0*epsilon*(pow(sigma/d,12.0)-pow(sigma/d,6.0)); } else { fi1=0; } // cumulative difference of potentials fi[0]+=fi1-fi0; } } My problem is in the line: fi[0]+=fi1-fi0;. In the one-element vector fi[0] are wrong results. I read something about sum reduction, but I do not know how to do it during the calculation. Exist any simple solution of my problem?

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  • Braces (syntax) highlighting in OpenOffice Math formula text editor

    - by Oleksandr Bolotov
    When you use OpenOffice Math, in upper part you see formula and formula text editor in lower part. Almost like this: %sigma = 2 %mu %epsilon + %lambda Tr(%epsilon)I So my questions are: How to replace OpenOffice Math's formula text editor with own text editor? ... or how to enable braces (syntax) highlighting in embedded editor? ... are there any extensions for anything like this? I need this because sometimes it's too much braces and stuff and it's hard to distinguish which braces match each other. Please do not suggest me to use MathType Mathematica (or anything) instead of OpenOffice Math (because I'm almost happy with it:)

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  • Draw depth works on WP7 emulator but not device

    - by Luke
    I am making a game on a WP7 device using C# and XNA. I have a system where I always want the object the user is touching to be brought to the top, so every time it is touched I add float.Epsilon to its draw depth (I have it set so that 0 is the back and 1 is the front). On the Emulator that all works fine, but when I run it on my device the draw depths seem to be completely random. I am hoping that anybody knows a way to fix this. I have tried doing a Clean & Rebuild and uninstalling from the device but that is no luck. My call to spritebatch.Begin is: spriteBatch.Begin(SpriteSortMode.FrontToBack, BlendState.AlphaBlend); and to draw I use spriteBatch.Draw(Texture, new Rectangle((int)X, (int)Y, (int)Width, (int)Height), null, Color.White, 0, Vector2.Zero, SpriteEffects.None, mDrawDepth); Where mDrawDepth is a float value of the draw depth (likely to be a very small number; a small multiple of float.Epsilon. Any help much appreciated, thanks!

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  • Creating SparseImages for Pivot

    - by John Conwell
    Learning how to programmatically make collections for Microsoft Live Labs Pivot has been a pretty interesting ride. There are very few examples out there, and the folks at MS Live Labs are often slow on any feedback.  But that is what Reflector is for, right? Well, I was creating these InfoCard images (similar to the Car images in the "New Cars" sample collection that that MS created for Pivot), and wanted to put a Tag Cloud into the info card.  The problem was the size of the tag cloud might vary in order for all the tags to fit into the tag cloud (often times being bigger than the info card itself).  This was because the varying word lengths and calculated font sizes. So, to fix this, I made the tag cloud its own separate image from the info card.  Then, I would create a sparse image out of the two images, where the tag cloud fit into a small section of the info card.  This would allow the user to see the info card, but then zoom into the tag cloud and see all the tags at a normal resolution.  Kind'a cool. But...I couldn't find one code example (not one!) of how to create a sparse image.  There is one page on the SeaDragon site (http://www.seadragon.com/developer/creating-content/deep-zoom-tools/) that gives over the API for creating images and collections, and it sparsely goes over how to create a sparse image, but unless you are familiar with the API already, the documentation doesn't help very much. The key is the Image.ViewportWidth and Image.ViewportOrigin properties of the image that is getting super imposed on the main image.  I'll walk through the code below.  I've setup a couple Point structs to represent the parent and sub image sizes, as well as where on the parent I want to position the sub image.  Next, create the parent image.  This is pretty straight forward.  Then I create the sub image.  Then I calculate several ratios; the height to width ratio of the sub image, the width ratio of the sub image to the parent image, the height ratio of the sub image to the parent image, then the X and Y coordinates on the parent image where I want the sub image to be placed represented as a ratio of the position to the parent image size. After all these ratios have been calculated, I use them to calculate the Image.ViewportWidth and Image.ViewportOrigin values, then pass the image objects into the SparseImageCreator and call Create. The key thing that was really missing from the API documentation page is that when setting up your sub images, everything is expressed in a ratio in relation to the main parent image.  If I had known this, it would have saved me a lot of trial and error time.  And how did I figure this out?  Reflector of course!  There is a tool called Deep Zoom Composer that came from MS Live Labs which can create a sparse image.  I just dug around the tool's code until I found the method that create sparse images.  But seriously...look at the API documentation from the SeaDragon size and look at the code below and tell me if the documentation would have helped you at all.  I don't think so!   public static void WriteDeepZoomSparseImage(string mainImagePath, string subImagePath, string destination) {     Point parentImageSize = new Point(720, 420);     Point subImageSize = new Point(490, 310);     Point subImageLocation = new Point(196, 17);     List<Image> images = new List<Image>();     //create main image     Image mainImage = new Image(mainImagePath);     mainImage.Size = parentImageSize;     images.Add(mainImage);     //create sub image     Image subImage = new Image(subImagePath);     double hwRatio = subImageSize.X/subImageSize.Y;            // height width ratio of the tag cloud     double nodeWidth = subImageSize.X/parentImageSize.X;        // sub image width to parent image width ratio     double nodeHeight = subImageSize.Y / parentImageSize.Y;    // sub image height to parent image height ratio     double nodeX = subImageLocation.X/parentImageSize.X;       //x cordinate position on parent / width of parent     double nodeY = subImageLocation.Y / parentImageSize.Y;     //y cordinate position on parent / height of parent     subImage.ViewportWidth = (nodeWidth < double.Epsilon) ? 1.0 : (1.0 / nodeWidth);     subImage.ViewportOrigin = new Point(         (nodeWidth < double.Epsilon) ? -1.0 : (-nodeX / nodeWidth),         (nodeHeight < double.Epsilon) ? -1.0 : ((-nodeY / nodeHeight) / hwRatio));     images.Add(subImage);     //create sparse image     SparseImageCreator creator = new SparseImageCreator();     creator.Create(images, destination); }

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  • Assign table values to multiple variables using a single SELECT statement and CASE?

    - by Darth Continent
    I'm trying to assign values contained in a lookup table to multiple variables by using a single SELECT having multiple CASE statements. The table is a lookup table with two columns like so: [GreekAlphabetastic] SystemID Descriptor -------- ---------- 1 Alpha 2 Beta 3 Epsilon This is my syntax: SELECT @VariableTheFirst = CASE WHEN myField = 'Alpha' THEN tbl.SystemID END, @VariableTheSecond = CASE WHEN myField = 'Beta' THEN tbl.SystemID END, @VariableTheThird = CASE WHEN myField = 'Epsilon' THEN tbl.SystemID END FROM GreekAlphabetastic tbl However, when I check the variables after this statement executes, I expected each to be assigned the appropriate value, but instead only the last has a value assigned. SELECT @VariableTheFirst AS First, @VariableTheSecond AS Second, @VariableTheThird AS Third Results: First Second Third NULL NULL 3 What am I doing wrong?

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  • Trying to reduce the speed overhead of an almost-but-not-quite-int number class

    - by Fumiyo Eda
    I have implemented a C++ class which behaves very similarly to the standard int type. The difference is that it has an additional concept of "epsilon" which represents some tiny value that is much less than 1, but greater than 0. One way to think of it is as a very wide fixed point number with 32 MSBs (the integer parts), 32 LSBs (the epsilon parts) and a huge sea of zeros in between. The following class works, but introduces a ~2x speed penalty in the overall program. (The program includes code that has nothing to do with this class, so the actual speed penalty of this class is probably much greater than 2x.) I can't paste the code that is using this class, but I can say the following: +, -, +=, <, > and >= are the only heavily used operators. Use of setEpsilon() and getInt() is extremely rare. * is also rare, and does not even need to consider the epsilon values at all. Here is the class: #include <limits> struct int32Uepsilon { typedef int32Uepsilon Self; int32Uepsilon () { _value = 0; _eps = 0; } int32Uepsilon (const int &i) { _value = i; _eps = 0; } void setEpsilon() { _eps = 1; } Self operator+(const Self &rhs) const { Self result = *this; result._value += rhs._value; result._eps += rhs._eps; return result; } Self operator-(const Self &rhs) const { Self result = *this; result._value -= rhs._value; result._eps -= rhs._eps; return result; } Self operator-( ) const { Self result = *this; result._value = -result._value; result._eps = -result._eps; return result; } Self operator*(const Self &rhs) const { return this->getInt() * rhs.getInt(); } // XXX: discards epsilon bool operator<(const Self &rhs) const { return (_value < rhs._value) || (_value == rhs._value && _eps < rhs._eps); } bool operator>(const Self &rhs) const { return (_value > rhs._value) || (_value == rhs._value && _eps > rhs._eps); } bool operator>=(const Self &rhs) const { return (_value >= rhs._value) || (_value == rhs._value && _eps >= rhs._eps); } Self &operator+=(const Self &rhs) { this->_value += rhs._value; this->_eps += rhs._eps; return *this; } Self &operator-=(const Self &rhs) { this->_value -= rhs._value; this->_eps -= rhs._eps; return *this; } int getInt() const { return(_value); } private: int _value; int _eps; }; namespace std { template<> struct numeric_limits<int32Uepsilon> { static const bool is_signed = true; static int max() { return 2147483647; } } }; The code above works, but it is quite slow. Does anyone have any ideas on how to improve performance? There are a few hints/details I can give that might be helpful: 32 bits are definitely insufficient to hold both _value and _eps. In practice, up to 24 ~ 28 bits of _value are used and up to 20 bits of _eps are used. I could not measure a significant performance difference between using int32_t and int64_t, so memory overhead itself is probably not the problem here. Saturating addition/subtraction on _eps would be cool, but isn't really necessary. Note that the signs of _value and _eps are not necessarily the same! This broke my first attempt at speeding this class up. Inline assembly is no problem, so long as it works with GCC on a Core i7 system running Linux!

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  • Anything wrong with this function for comparing floats?

    - by Michael Borgwardt
    When my Floating-Point Guide was yesterday published on slashdot, I got a lot of flak for my suggested comparison function, which was indeed inadequate. So I finally did the sensible thing and wrote a test suite to see whether I could get them all to pass. Here is my result so far. And I wonder if this is really as good as one can get with a generic (i.e. not application specific) float comparison function, or whether I still missed some edge cases. import static org.junit.Assert.assertFalse; import static org.junit.Assert.assertTrue; import org.junit.Test; public class NearlyEqualsTest { public static boolean nearlyEqual(float a, float b) { final float epsilon = 0.000001f; final float absA = Math.abs(a); final float absB = Math.abs(b); final float diff = Math.abs(a-b); if (a*b==0) { // a or b or both are zero // relative error is not meaningful here return diff < Float.MIN_VALUE / epsilon; } else { // use relative error return diff / (absA+absB) < epsilon; } } /** Regular large numbers - generally not problematic */ @Test public void big() { assertTrue(nearlyEqual(1000000f, 1000001f)); assertTrue(nearlyEqual(1000001f, 1000000f)); assertFalse(nearlyEqual(10000f, 10001f)); assertFalse(nearlyEqual(10001f, 10000f)); } /** Negative large numbers */ @Test public void bigNeg() { assertTrue(nearlyEqual(-1000000f, -1000001f)); assertTrue(nearlyEqual(-1000001f, -1000000f)); assertFalse(nearlyEqual(-10000f, -10001f)); assertFalse(nearlyEqual(-10001f, -10000f)); } /** Numbers around 1 */ @Test public void mid() { assertTrue(nearlyEqual(1.0000001f, 1.0000002f)); assertTrue(nearlyEqual(1.0000002f, 1.0000001f)); assertFalse(nearlyEqual(1.0002f, 1.0001f)); assertFalse(nearlyEqual(1.0001f, 1.0002f)); } /** Numbers around -1 */ @Test public void midNeg() { assertTrue(nearlyEqual(-1.000001f, -1.000002f)); assertTrue(nearlyEqual(-1.000002f, -1.000001f)); assertFalse(nearlyEqual(-1.0001f, -1.0002f)); assertFalse(nearlyEqual(-1.0002f, -1.0001f)); } /** Numbers between 1 and 0 */ @Test public void small() { assertTrue(nearlyEqual(0.000000001000001f, 0.000000001000002f)); assertTrue(nearlyEqual(0.000000001000002f, 0.000000001000001f)); assertFalse(nearlyEqual(0.000000000001002f, 0.000000000001001f)); assertFalse(nearlyEqual(0.000000000001001f, 0.000000000001002f)); } /** Numbers between -1 and 0 */ @Test public void smallNeg() { assertTrue(nearlyEqual(-0.000000001000001f, -0.000000001000002f)); assertTrue(nearlyEqual(-0.000000001000002f, -0.000000001000001f)); assertFalse(nearlyEqual(-0.000000000001002f, -0.000000000001001f)); assertFalse(nearlyEqual(-0.000000000001001f, -0.000000000001002f)); } /** Comparisons involving zero */ @Test public void zero() { assertTrue(nearlyEqual(0.0f, 0.0f)); assertFalse(nearlyEqual(0.00000001f, 0.0f)); assertFalse(nearlyEqual(0.0f, 0.00000001f)); } /** Comparisons of numbers on opposite sides of 0 */ @Test public void opposite() { assertFalse(nearlyEqual(1.000000001f, -1.0f)); assertFalse(nearlyEqual(-1.0f, 1.000000001f)); assertFalse(nearlyEqual(-1.000000001f, 1.0f)); assertFalse(nearlyEqual(1.0f, -1.000000001f)); assertTrue(nearlyEqual(10000f*Float.MIN_VALUE, -10000f*Float.MIN_VALUE)); } /** * The really tricky part - comparisons of numbers * very close to zero. */ @Test public void ulp() { assertTrue(nearlyEqual(Float.MIN_VALUE, -Float.MIN_VALUE)); assertTrue(nearlyEqual(-Float.MIN_VALUE, Float.MIN_VALUE)); assertTrue(nearlyEqual(Float.MIN_VALUE, 0)); assertTrue(nearlyEqual(0, Float.MIN_VALUE)); assertTrue(nearlyEqual(-Float.MIN_VALUE, 0)); assertTrue(nearlyEqual(0, -Float.MIN_VALUE)); assertFalse(nearlyEqual(0.000000001f, -Float.MIN_VALUE)); assertFalse(nearlyEqual(0.000000001f, Float.MIN_VALUE)); assertFalse(nearlyEqual(Float.MIN_VALUE, 0.000000001f)); assertFalse(nearlyEqual(-Float.MIN_VALUE, 0.000000001f)); assertFalse(nearlyEqual(1e20f*Float.MIN_VALUE, 0.0f)); assertFalse(nearlyEqual(0.0f, 1e20f*Float.MIN_VALUE)); assertFalse(nearlyEqual(1e20f*Float.MIN_VALUE, -1e20f*Float.MIN_VALUE)); } }

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  • Inline function v. Macro in C -- What's the Overhead (Memory/Speed)?

    - by Jason R. Mick
    I searched Stack Overflow for the pros/cons of function-like macros v. inline functions. I found the following discussion: Pros and Cons of Different macro function / inline methods in C ...but it didn't answer my primary burning question. Namely, what is the overhead in c of using a macro function (with variables, possibly other function calls) v. an inline function, in terms of memory usage and execution speed? Are there any compiler-dependent differences in overhead? I have both icc and gcc at my disposal. My code snippet I'm modularizing is: double AttractiveTerm = pow(SigmaSquared/RadialDistanceSquared,3); double RepulsiveTerm = AttractiveTerm * AttractiveTerm; EnergyContribution += 4 * Epsilon * (RepulsiveTerm - AttractiveTerm); My reason for turning it into an inline function/macro is so I can drop it into a c file and then conditionally compile other similar, but slightly different functions/macros. e.g.: double AttractiveTerm = pow(SigmaSquared/RadialDistanceSquared,3); double RepulsiveTerm = pow(SigmaSquared/RadialDistanceSquared,9); EnergyContribution += 4 * Epsilon * (RepulsiveTerm - AttractiveTerm); (note the difference in the second line...) This function is a central one to my code and gets called thousands of times per step in my program and my program performs millions of steps. Thus I want to have the LEAST overhead possible, hence why I'm wasting time worrying about the overhead of inlining v. transforming the code into a macro. Based on the prior discussion I already realize other pros/cons (type independence and resulting errors from that) of macros... but what I want to know most, and don't currently know is the PERFORMANCE. I know some of you C veterans will have some great insight for me!!

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  • Impact of variable-length loops on GPU shaders

    - by Will
    Its popular to render procedural content inside the GPU e.g. in the demoscene (drawing a single quad to fill the screen and letting the GPU compute the pixels). Ray marching is popular: This means the GPU is executing some unknown number of loop iterations per pixel (although you can have an upper bound like maxIterations). How does having a variable-length loop affect shader performance? Imagine the simple ray-marching psuedocode: t = 0.f; while(t < maxDist) { p = rayStart + rayDir * t; d = DistanceFunc(p); t += d; if(d < epsilon) { ... emit p return; } } How are the various mainstream GPU families (Nvidia, ATI, PowerVR, Mali, Intel, etc) affected? Vertex shaders, but particularly fragment shaders? How can it be optimised?

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