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  • Is there any functional difference between immutable value types and immutable reference types?

    - by Kendall Frey
    Value types are types which do not have an identity. When one variable is modified, other instances are not. Using Javascript syntax as an example, here is how a value type works. var foo = { a: 42 }; var bar = foo; bar.a = 0; // foo.a is still 42 Reference types are types which do have an identity. When one variable is modified, other instances are as well. Here is how a reference type works. var foo = { a: 42 }; var bar = foo; bar.a = 0; // foo.a is now 0 Note how the example uses mutatable objects to show the difference. If the objects were immutable, you couldn't do that, so that kind of testing for value/reference types doesn't work. Is there any functional difference between immutable value types and immutable reference types? Is there any algorithm that can tell the difference between a reference type and a value type if they are immutable? Reflection is cheating. I'm wondering this mostly out of curiosity.

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  • Do immutable objects and DDD go together?

    - by SnOrfus
    Consider a system that uses DDD (as well: any system that uses an ORM). The point of any system realistically, in nearly every use case, will be to manipulate those domain objects. Otherwise there's no real effect or purpose. Modifying an immutable object will cause it to generate a new record after the object is persisted which creates massive bloat in the datasource (unless you delete previous records after modifications). I can see the benefit of using immutable objects, but in this sense, I can't ever see a useful case for using immutable objects. Is this wrong?

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  • Do immutable objects and DDD go together?

    - by SnOrfus
    Consider a system that uses DDD (as well: any system that uses an ORM). The point of any system realistically, in nearly every use case, will be to manipulate those domain objects. Otherwise there's no real effect or purpose. Modifying an immutable object will cause it to generate a new record after the object is persisted which creates massive bloat in the datasource (unless you delete previous records after modifications). I can see the benefit of using immutable objects, but in this sense, I can't ever see a useful case for using immutable objects. Is this wrong?

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  • Best way to define an immutable class in Objective C

    - by Patrick Marty
    Hi, I am a newbie in Objective C and I was wondering what is the best way to define an immutable class in Objective-C (like NSString for example). I want to know what are the basic rules one has to follow to make a class immutable. I think that : setters shouldn't be provided if properties are used, they should be readonly accessInstanceVariablesDirectly must be override and return NO Did I forget something ? Thanks

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  • c++ casting base class to derived class mess

    - by alan2here
    If I were to create a base class called base and derived classes called derived_1, derived_2 etc... I use a collection of instances of the base class, then when I retrieved an element and tried to use it I would find that C++ thinks it's type is that of the base class, probably because I retrieved it from a std::vector of base. Which is a problem when I want to use features that only exist for the specific derived class who's type I knew this object was when I put it into the vector. So I cast the element into the type it is supposed to be and found this wouldn't work. (derived_3)obj_to_be_fixed; And remembered that it's a pointer thing. After some tweaking this now worked. *((derived_3*)&obj_to_be_fixed); Is this right or is there for example an abc_cast() function that does it with less mess?

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  • Immutable Method in Java

    - by Chris Okyen
    In Java, there is the final keyword in lieu of the const keyword in C and C++. In the latter languages there are mutable and immutable methods such as stated in the answer by Johannes Schaub - litb to the question How many and which are the uses of “const” in C++? Use const to tell others methods won't change the logical state of this object. struct SmartPtr { int getCopies() const { return mCopiesMade; } }ptr1; ... int var = ptr.getCopies(); // returns mCopiesMade and is specified that to not modify objects state. How is this performed in Java?

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  • Immutable Method Java

    - by Chris Okyen
    In Java, there is the final keyword in lieu of the const keyword in c and c++. In the latter languages their is mutable and immutable methods such as stated in one answer by Johannes Schaub - litb the question how-many-and-which-are-the-uses-of-const-in-ce Use const to tell others methods won't change the logical state of this object. struct SmartPtr { int getCopies() const { return mCopiesMade; } }ptr1; ... int var = ptr.getCopies(); // returns mCopiesMade and is specified that to not modify objects state. How is this performed in Java?

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  • class hierarchy design for small java project

    - by user523956
    I have written a java code which does following:- Main goal is to fetch emails from (inbox, spam) folders and store them in database. It fetches emails from gmail,gmx,web.de,yahoo and Hotmail. Following attributes are stored in mysql database. Slno, messagedigest, messageid, foldername, dateandtime, receiver, sender, subject, cc, size and emlfile. For gmail,gmy and web.de, I have used javamail API, because email form it can be fetched with IMAP. For yahoo and hotmail, I have used html parser and httpclient to fetch emails form spam folder and for inbox folder, I have used pop3 javamail API. I want to have proper class hierarchy which makes my code efficient and easily reusable. As of now I have designed class hierarchy as below: I am sure it can still be improved. So I would like to have different opinions on it. I have following classes and methods as of now. MainController:- Here I pass emailid, password and foldername from which emails have to be fetched. Abstract Class :-EmailProtocol Abstract Methods of it (All methods except executeParser contains method definition):- connectImap() // used by gmx,gmail and web.de email ids connectPop3() // used by hotmail and yahoo to fetch emails of inbox folder createMessageDigest // used by every email provider(gmx, gmail,web.de,yahoo,hotmail) establishDBConnection // used by every email emailAlreadyExists // used by every email which checks whether email already exists in db or not, if not then store it. storeemailproperties // used by every email to store emails properties to mysql database executeParser // nothing written in it. Overwridden and used by just hotmail and yahoo to fetch emails form spam folder. Imap extends EmailProtocol (nothing in it. But I have to have it to access methods of EmailProtocol. This is used to fetch emails from gmail,gmx and web.de) I know this is really a bad way but don't know how to do it other way. Hotmsil extends EmailProtocol Methods:- executeParser() :- This is used by just hotmail email id. fetchjunkemails() :- This is also very specific for only hotmail email id. Yahoo extends EmailProtocol Methods:- executeParser() storeEmailtotemptable() MoveEmailtoInbox() getFoldername() nullorEquals() All above methods are specific for yahoo email id. public DateTimeFormat(class) format() //this formats datetime of gmax,gmail and web.de emails. formatYahoodate //this formats datetime of yahoo email. formatHotmaildate // this formats datetime of hotmail email. public StringFormat ConvertStreamToString() // Accessed by every class except DateTimeFormat class. formatFromTo() // Accessed by every class except DateTimeFormat class. public Class CheckDatabaseExistance public static void checkForDatabaseTablesAvailability() (This method checks at the beginnning whether database and required tables exist in mysql or not. if not it creates them) Please see code of my MainController class so that You can have an idea about how I use different classes. public class MainController { public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception { ArrayList<String> web_de_folders = new ArrayList<String>(); web_de_folders.add("INBOX"); web_de_folders.add("Unbekannt"); web_de_folders.add("Spam"); web_de_folders.add("OUTBOX"); web_de_folders.add("SENT"); web_de_folders.add("DRAFTS"); web_de_folders.add("TRASH"); web_de_folders.add("Trash"); ArrayList<String> gmx_folders = new ArrayList<String>(); gmx_folders.add("INBOX"); gmx_folders.add("Archiv"); gmx_folders.add("Entwürfe"); gmx_folders.add("Gelöscht"); gmx_folders.add("Gesendet"); gmx_folders.add("Spamverdacht"); gmx_folders.add("Trash"); ArrayList<String> gmail_folders = new ArrayList<String>(); gmail_folders.add("Inbox"); gmail_folders.add("[Google Mail]/Spam"); gmail_folders.add("[Google Mail]/Trash"); gmail_folders.add("[Google Mail]/Sent Mail"); ArrayList<String> pop3_folders = new ArrayList<String>(); pop3_folders.add("INBOX"); CheckDatabaseExistance.checkForDatabaseTablesAvailability(); EmailProtocol imap = new Imap(); System.out.println("CHECKING FOR NEW EMAILS IN WEB.DE...(IMAP)"); System.out.println("*********************************************************************************"); imap.connectImap("[email protected]", "pwd", web_de_folders); System.out.println("\nCHECKING FOR NEW EMAILS IN GMX.DE...(IMAP)"); System.out.println("*********************************************************************************"); imap.connectImap("[email protected]", "pwd", gmx_folders); System.out.println("\nCHECKING FOR NEW EMAILS IN GMAIL...(IMAP)"); System.out.println("*********************************************************************************"); imap.connectImap("[email protected]", "pwd", gmail_folders); EmailProtocol yahoo = new Yahoo(); Yahoo y=new Yahoo(); System.out.println("\nEXECUTING YAHOO PARSER"); System.out.println("*********************************************************************************"); y.executeParser("http://de.mc1321.mail.yahoo.com/mc/welcome?ymv=0","[email protected]","pwd"); System.out.println("\nCHECKING FOR NEW EMAILS IN INBOX OF YAHOO (POP3)"); System.out.println("*********************************************************************************"); yahoo.connectPop3("[email protected]","pwd",pop3_folders); System.out.println("\nCHECKING FOR NEW EMAILS IN INBOX OF HOTMAIL (POP3)"); System.out.println("*********************************************************************************"); yahoo.connectPop3("[email protected]","pwd",pop3_folders); EmailProtocol hotmail = new Hotmail(); Hotmail h=new Hotmail(); System.out.println("\nEXECUTING HOTMAIL PARSER"); System.out.println("*********************************************************************************"); h.executeParser("https://login.live.com/ppsecure/post.srf","[email protected]","pwd"); } } I have kept DatetimeFormat and StringFormat class public so that I can access its public methods by just (DatetimeFormat.formatYahoodate for e.g. from different methods). This is the first time I have developed something in java. It serves its purpose but of course code is still not so efficient I think. I need your suggestions on this project.

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  • Class Design and Structure Online Web Store

    - by Phorce
    I hope I have asked this in the right forum. Basically, we're designing an Online Store and I am designing the class structure for ordering a product and want some clarification on what I have so far: So a customer comes, selects their product, chooses the quantity and selects 'Purchase' (I am using the Facade Pattern - So subsystems execute when this action is performed). My class structure: < Order > < Product > <Customer > There is no inheritance, more Association < Order has < Product , < Customer has < Order . Does this structure look ok? I've noticed that I don't handle the "Quantity" separately, I was just going to add this into the "Product" class, but, do you think it should be a class of it's own? Hope someone can help.

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  • Immutable classes in C++

    - by ereOn
    Hi, In one of my projects, I have some classes that represent entities that cannot change once created, aka. immutable classes. Example : A class RSAKey that represent a RSA key which only has const methods. There is no point changing the existing instance: if you need another one, you just create one. My objects sometimes are heavy and I enforced the use of smart pointers to avoid copy. So far, I have the following pattern for my classes: class RSAKey : public boost::noncopyable, public boost::enable_shared_from_this<RSAKey> { public: /** * \brief Some factory. * \param member A member value. * \return An instance. */ static boost::shared_ptr<const RSAKey> createFromMember(int member); /** * \brief Get a member. * \return The member. */ int getMember() const; private: /** * \brief Constructor. * \param member A member. */ RSAKey(int member); /** * \brief Member. */ const int m_member; }; So you can only get a pointer (well, a smart pointer) to a const RSAKey. To me, it makes sense, because having a non-const reference to the instance is useless (it only has const methods). Do you guys see any issue regarding this pattern ? Are immutable classes something common in C++ or did I just created a monster ? Thank you for your advices !

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  • UML - Class Diagrams Order -> Products

    - by Phorce
    I have a class diagram that is like this: < Order > (1) CAN HAVE (M) < products > But therefore "Order" has the following: Order_Id Customer_Id Order_date_day Order_date_month Order_date_yeah But I do not know how it would handle the Products? Because, I couldn't have "ProductID" because that would mean that each item in this class would have to have a separate instance for each product (E.g. someone ordered 100 products, but only placed 1 order). Could I have an Product object in class Order? If so, how do you represent that in UML? Thank you

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  • UML Class Diagram: Abstract or Interface?

    - by J Smith
    I am modeling a class diagram and have spotted an opportunity to simplify it slightly. What I want to know is, would this it be better to implement an abstract class or an interface? The scenario is this, I have the classes: Artist Genre Album Song All of which share the methods getName, setName, and getCount (playcount that is). Would it be best to create an abstract 'Music' class with the aforementioned abstract methods, or should I create an interface, since the classes that implement the interface have to include all of the interface's methods (I think, correct me if I'm wrong). I hope I've given enough detail, please ask questions if I haven't. Thanks!

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  • Mutable class as a child of an immutable class

    - by deamon
    I want to have immutable Java objects like this (strongly simplyfied): class Immutable { protected String name; public Immutable(String name) { this.name = name; } public String getName() { return name; } } In some cases the object should not only be readable but mutable, so I could add mutability through inheritance: public class Mutable extends Immutable { public Mutable(String name) { super(name); } public void setName(String name) { super.name = name; } } While this is technically fine, I wonder if it conforms with OOP and inheritance that mutable is also of type immutable. I want to avoid the OOP crime to throw UnsupportedOperationException for immutable object, like the Java collections API does. What do you think? Any other ideas?

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  • Abstract Base Class or Class?

    - by Mohit Deshpande
    For my semester project, my team and I are supposed to make a .jar file (library, not runnable) that contains a game development framework and demonstrate the concepts of OOP. Its supposed to be a FRAMEWORK and another team is supposed to use our framework and vice-versa. So I want to know how we should start. We thought of several approaches: 1. Start with a plain class public class Enemy { public Enemy(int x, int y, int health, int attack, ...) { ... } ... } public class UserDefinedClass extends Enemy { ... } 2. Start with an abstract class that user-defined enemies have to inherit abstract members public abstract class Enemy { public Enemy(int x, int y, int health, int attack, ...) { ... } public abstract void draw(); public abstract void destroy(); ... } public class UserDefinedClass extends Enemy { ... public void draw() { ... } public void destroy() { ... } } 3. Create a super ABC (Abstract Base Class) that ALL inherit from public abstract class VectorEntity { ... } public abstract class Enemy extends VectorEntity { ... } public class Player extends VectorEntity { ... } public class UserDefinedClass extends Enemy { ... } Which should I use? Or is there a better way?

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  • Class Design for special business rules

    - by Samuel Front
    I'm developing an application that allows people to place custom manufacturing orders. However, while most require similar paperwork, some of them have custom paperwork that only they require. My current class design has a Manufacturer class, of which of one of the member variables is an array of RequiredSubmission objects. However, there are two issues that I am somewhat concerned about. First, some manufacturers are willing to accept either a standard form or their own custom form. I'm thinking of storing this in the RequiredSubmission object, with an array of alternate forms that are a valid substitute. I'm not sure that this is ideal, however. The major issue, however, is that some manufacturers have deadline cycles. For example, forms A, B and C have to be delivered by January 1, while payment must be rendered by January 10. If you miss those, you'll have to wait until the next cycle. I'm not exactly sure how I can get this to work with my existing classes—how can I say "this set of dates all belong to the same cycle, with date A for form A, date B for form B, etc." I would greatly appreciate any insights on how to best design these classes.

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  • Nested class - calling the nested class from the parent class

    - by insanepaul
    I have a class whereby a method calls a nested class. I want to access the parent class properties from within the nested class. public class ParentClass { private x; private y; private z; something.something = new ChildClass public class ChildClass { need to get x, y and z; } } How do I access x,y and z from within the child class. Something to do with referencing the parent class but how? }

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  • Should this immutable struct be a mutable class?

    - by ChaosPandion
    I showed this struct to a fellow programmer and they felt that it should be a mutable class. They felt it is inconvenient not to have null references and the ability to alter the object as required. I would really like to know if there are any other reasons to make this a mutable class. [Serializable] public struct PhoneNumber : ICloneable, IEquatable<PhoneNumber> { private const int AreaCodeShift = 54; private const int CentralOfficeCodeShift = 44; private const int SubscriberNumberShift = 30; private const int CentralOfficeCodeMask = 0x000003FF; private const int SubscriberNumberMask = 0x00003FFF; private const int ExtensionMask = 0x3FFFFFFF; private readonly ulong value; public int AreaCode { get { return UnmaskAreaCode(value); } } public int CentralOfficeCode { get { return UnmaskCentralOfficeCode(value); } } public int SubscriberNumber { get { return UnmaskSubscriberNumber(value); } } public int Extension { get { return UnmaskExtension(value); } } public PhoneNumber(ulong value) : this(UnmaskAreaCode(value), UnmaskCentralOfficeCode(value), UnmaskSubscriberNumber(value), UnmaskExtension(value), true) { } public PhoneNumber(int areaCode, int centralOfficeCode, int subscriberNumber) : this(areaCode, centralOfficeCode, subscriberNumber, 0, true) { } public PhoneNumber(int areaCode, int centralOfficeCode, int subscriberNumber, int extension) : this(areaCode, centralOfficeCode, subscriberNumber, extension, true) { } private PhoneNumber(int areaCode, int centralOfficeCode, int subscriberNumber, int extension, bool throwException) { value = 0; if (areaCode < 200 || areaCode > 989) { if (!throwException) return; throw new ArgumentOutOfRangeException("areaCode", areaCode, @"The area code portion must fall between 200 and 989."); } else if (centralOfficeCode < 200 || centralOfficeCode > 999) { if (!throwException) return; throw new ArgumentOutOfRangeException("centralOfficeCode", centralOfficeCode, @"The central office code portion must fall between 200 and 999."); } else if (subscriberNumber < 0 || subscriberNumber > 9999) { if (!throwException) return; throw new ArgumentOutOfRangeException("subscriberNumber", subscriberNumber, @"The subscriber number portion must fall between 0 and 9999."); } else if (extension < 0 || extension > 1073741824) { if (!throwException) return; throw new ArgumentOutOfRangeException("extension", extension, @"The extension portion must fall between 0 and 1073741824."); } else if (areaCode.ToString()[1] - 48 > 8) { if (!throwException) return; throw new ArgumentOutOfRangeException("areaCode", areaCode, @"The second digit of the area code cannot be greater than 8."); } else { value |= ((ulong)(uint)areaCode << AreaCodeShift); value |= ((ulong)(uint)centralOfficeCode << CentralOfficeCodeShift); value |= ((ulong)(uint)subscriberNumber << SubscriberNumberShift); value |= ((ulong)(uint)extension); } } public object Clone() { return this; } public override bool Equals(object obj) { return obj != null && obj.GetType() == typeof(PhoneNumber) && Equals((PhoneNumber)obj); } public bool Equals(PhoneNumber other) { return this.value == other.value; } public override int GetHashCode() { return value.GetHashCode(); } public override string ToString() { return ToString(PhoneNumberFormat.Separated); } public string ToString(PhoneNumberFormat format) { switch (format) { case PhoneNumberFormat.Plain: return string.Format(@"{0:D3}{1:D3}{2:D4} {3:#}", AreaCode, CentralOfficeCode, SubscriberNumber, Extension).Trim(); case PhoneNumberFormat.Separated: return string.Format(@"{0:D3}-{1:D3}-{2:D4} {3:#}", AreaCode, CentralOfficeCode, SubscriberNumber, Extension).Trim(); default: throw new ArgumentOutOfRangeException("format"); } } public ulong ToUInt64() { return value; } public static PhoneNumber Parse(string value) { var result = default(PhoneNumber); if (!TryParse(value, out result)) { throw new FormatException(string.Format(@"The string ""{0}"" could not be parsed as a phone number.", value)); } return result; } public static bool TryParse(string value, out PhoneNumber result) { result = default(PhoneNumber); if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(value)) { return false; } var index = 0; var numericPieces = new char[value.Length]; foreach (var c in value) { if (char.IsNumber(c)) { numericPieces[index++] = c; } } if (index < 9) { return false; } var numericString = new string(numericPieces); var areaCode = int.Parse(numericString.Substring(0, 3)); var centralOfficeCode = int.Parse(numericString.Substring(3, 3)); var subscriberNumber = int.Parse(numericString.Substring(6, 4)); var extension = 0; if (numericString.Length > 10) { extension = int.Parse(numericString.Substring(10)); } result = new PhoneNumber( areaCode, centralOfficeCode, subscriberNumber, extension, false ); return result.value == 0; } public static bool operator ==(PhoneNumber left, PhoneNumber right) { return left.Equals(right); } public static bool operator !=(PhoneNumber left, PhoneNumber right) { return !left.Equals(right); } private static int UnmaskAreaCode(ulong value) { return (int)(value >> AreaCodeShift); } private static int UnmaskCentralOfficeCode(ulong value) { return (int)((value >> CentralOfficeCodeShift) & CentralOfficeCodeMask); } private static int UnmaskSubscriberNumber(ulong value) { return (int)((value >> SubscriberNumberShift) & SubscriberNumberMask); } private static int UnmaskExtension(ulong value) { return (int)(value & ExtensionMask); } } public enum PhoneNumberFormat { Plain, Separated }

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  • Class design, One class in two sources

    - by Pavla
    Is it possible define methods from the same class in different "CPP" files? I have header file "myClass.h" with: class myClass { public: // methods for counting ... // methods for other ... }; I would like to define "methods for counting" in one CPP and "methods for other" in other CPP. For clarity. Both groups of methods sometime use the same attributes. Is it possible? Thanks :).

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  • Java: immutable Stack?

    - by HH
    I chose to use Stacks and Tables before knowing Collections has immutable empty things only for Set, Map and List. Because the size of table does not change after its init: Integer[] table = new Intger[0] I can use the zero-witdh table as an empty table. But I cannot use final or empty Stack to get immutable Stack: No immutability to Stack with Final import java.io.*; import java.util.*; public class TestStack{ public static void main(String[] args) { final Stack<Integer> test = new Stack<Integer>(); Stack<Integer> test2 = new Stack<Integer>(); test.push(37707); test2.push(80437707); //WHY is there not an error to remove an elment // from FINAL stack? System.out.println(test.pop()); System.out.println(test2.pop()); } } Java Api 5 for list interface shows that Stack is an implementing class for list and arraylist, here. The java.coccurrent pkg does not have any immutable Stack data structure. From Stack to some immutable data structure How to get immutable Stack data structure? Can I box it with list? Should I switch my current implementatios from stacks to Lists to get immutable? Which immutable data structure is Very fast with about similar exec time as Stack?

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  • DIV is picking max-width value as width value for DIV.

    - by Lokesh
    I am facing a problem after applying max-width hack for IE7. In mozilla, width of the div is flexible and adjustable as per the image width in the div. But in IE7 it is taking the max-width as width of DIV. Below is my HTML code: <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd"> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" media="all" href="style/food.css" /> <!--[if IE 7]> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" media="screen" href="style/ie7.css" /> <![endif]--> </head> <body> <div class="main_content_inner_ko"> <div class="product_item"> <img src="images/product_icons/BigNTasty.png" alt="Big N&rsquo; Tasty"/><div class="small_title">Big N&rsquo; Tasty</div> <table class="product_information" cellpadding="0" border="0" cellspacing="0"> <tbody> <tr> <td class="red_bold"></td> <td></td> <td class="small_italic">(Daily Value)</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="red_bold">Calories</td> <td>460</td> <td class="small_italic"></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="red_bold">Total Fat</td> <td>24g</td> <td class="small_italic">(37%)</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="red_bold">Carbs</td> <td>37g</td> <td class="small_italic">(12%)</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="red_bold">Protein</td> <td>24g</td> <td class="small_italic"></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="red_bold">Sodium</td> <td>720mg</td> <td class="small_italic">(30%)</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="3" class="notes">Note: Values shown are for the default size and/or flavor.</td> </tr> <tr><td colspan="3"><a href="#" class="acts_as_button en_learn_more_and_customize"></a></td></tr> <tr><td colspan="3"><a href="#" class="acts_as_button en_add_to_my_meal_builder"></a></td></tr> </tbody> </table> </div> <div class="product_item"> <img src="images/product_images/x115/chicken/PremCrispyChickenRanchBLT.png" height="115" width="115" alt="Premium Cripsy Chicken Ranch BLT"/><div class="small_title">Premium Cripsy Chicken Ranch BLT</div> <table class="product_information" cellpadding="0" border="0" cellspacing="0"> <tbody> <tr> <td class="red_bold"></td> <td></td> <td class="small_italic">(Daily Value)</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="red_bold">Calories</td> <td>460</td> <td class="small_italic"></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="red_bold">Total Fat</td> <td>24g</td> <td class="small_italic">(37%)</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="red_bold">Carbs</td> <td>37g</td> <td class="small_italic">(12%)</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="red_bold">Protein</td> <td>24g</td> <td class="small_italic"></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="red_bold">Sodium</td> <td>720mg</td> <td class="small_italic">(30%)</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="3" class="notes">Note: Values shown are for the default size and/or flavor.</td> </tr> <tr><td colspan="3"><a href="#" class="acts_as_button en_learn_more_and_customize"></a></td></tr> <tr><td colspan="3"><a href="#" class="acts_as_button en_add_to_my_meal_builder"></a></td></tr> </tbody> </table> </div> <div class="product_item"> <img src="images/product_images/x115/sandwiches/FiletOFish.png" height="115" width="99" alt="Filet O Fish"/> <div class="small_title">Filet O Fish</div> <table class="product_information" cellpadding="0" border="0" cellspacing="0"> <tbody> <tr> <td class="red_bold"></td> <td></td> <td class="small_italic">(Daily Value)</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="red_bold">Calories</td> <td>460</td> <td class="small_italic"></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="red_bold">Total Fat</td> <td>24g</td> <td class="small_italic">(37%)</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="red_bold">Carbs</td> <td>37g</td> <td class="small_italic">(12%)</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="red_bold">Protein</td> <td>24g</td> <td class="small_italic"></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="red_bold">Sodium</td> <td>720mg</td> <td class="small_italic">(30%)</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="3" class="notes">Note: Values shown are for the default size and/or flavor.</td> </tr> <tr><td colspan="3"><a href="#" class="acts_as_button en_learn_more_and_customize"></a></td></tr> <tr><td colspan="3"><a href="#" class="acts_as_button en_add_to_my_meal_builder"></a></td></tr> </tbody> </table> </div> <div class="product_item"> <img src="images/product_icons/BigNTasty.png" height="115" width="99" alt="Big N&rsquo; Tasty"/> <div class="small_title">Big N&rsquo; Tasty</div> <table class="product_information" cellpadding="0" border="0" cellspacing="0"> <tbody> <tr> <td class="red_bold"></td> <td></td> <td class="small_italic">(Daily Value)</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="red_bold">Calories</td> <td>460</td> <td class="small_italic"></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="red_bold">Total Fat</td> <td>24g</td> <td class="small_italic">(37%)</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="red_bold">Carbs</td> <td>37g</td> <td class="small_italic">(12%)</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="red_bold">Protein</td> <td>24g</td> <td class="small_italic"></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="red_bold">Sodium</td> <td>720mg</td> <td class="small_italic">(30%)</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="3" class="notes">Note: Values shown are for the default size and/or flavor.</td> </tr> <tr><td colspan="3"><a href="#" class="acts_as_button en_learn_more_and_customize"></a></td></tr> <tr><td colspan="3"><a href="#" class="acts_as_button en_add_to_my_meal_builder"></a></td></tr> </tbody> </table> </div> <div class="product_item"> <img src="images/product_images/x115/chicken/PremCrispyChickenRanchBLT.png" height="115" width="115" alt="Premium Cripsy Chicken Ranch BLT"/> <div class="small_title">Premium Cripsy Chicken Ranch BLT</div> <table class="product_information" cellpadding="0" border="0" cellspacing="0"> <tbody> <tr> <td class="red_bold"></td> <td></td> <td class="small_italic">(Daily Value)</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="red_bold">Calories</td> <td>460</td> <td class="small_italic"></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="red_bold">Total Fat</td> <td>24g</td> <td class="small_italic">(37%)</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="red_bold">Carbs</td> <td>37g</td> <td class="small_italic">(12%)</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="red_bold">Protein</td> <td>24g</td> <td class="small_italic"></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="red_bold">Sodium</td> <td>720mg</td> <td class="small_italic">(30%)</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="3" class="notes">Note: Values shown are for the default size and/or flavor.</td> </tr> <tr><td colspan="3"><a href="#" class="acts_as_button en_learn_more_and_customize"></a></td></tr> <tr><td colspan="3"><a href="#" class="acts_as_button en_add_to_my_meal_builder"></a></td></tr> </tbody> </table> </div> <div class="product_item"> <img src="images/product_images/x115/sandwiches/FiletOFish.png" height="115" width="99" alt="Filet O Fish"/> <div class="small_title">Filet O Fish</div> <table class="product_information" cellpadding="0" border="0" cellspacing="0"> <tbody> <tr> <td class="red_bold"></td> <td></td> <td class="small_italic">(Daily Value)</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="red_bold">Calories</td> <td>460</td> <td class="small_italic"></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="red_bold">Total Fat</td> <td>24g</td> <td class="small_italic">(37%)</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="red_bold">Carbs</td> <td>37g</td> <td class="small_italic">(12%)</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="red_bold">Protein</td> <td>24g</td> <td class="small_italic"></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="red_bold">Sodium</td> <td>720mg</td> <td class="small_italic">(30%)</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="3" class="notes">Note: Values shown are for the default size and/or flavor.</td> </tr> <tr><td colspan="3"><a href="#" class="acts_as_button en_learn_more_and_customize"></a></td></tr> <tr><td colspan="3"><a href="#" class="acts_as_button en_add_to_my_meal_builder"></a></td></tr> </tbody> </table> </div> <div class="product_item"> <img src="images/product_icons/BigNTasty.png" height="115" width="99" alt="Big N&rsquo; Tasty"/> <div class="small_title">Big N&rsquo; Tasty</div> <table class="product_information" cellpadding="0" border="0" cellspacing="0"> <tbody> <tr> <td class="red_bold"></td> <td></td> <td class="small_italic">(Daily Value)</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="red_bold">Calories</td> <td>460</td> <td class="small_italic"></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="red_bold">Total Fat</td> <td>24g</td> <td class="small_italic">(37%)</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="red_bold">Carbs</td> <td>37g</td> <td class="small_italic">(12%)</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="red_bold">Protein</td> <td>24g</td> <td class="small_italic"></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="red_bold">Sodium</td> <td>720mg</td> <td class="small_italic">(30%)</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="3" class="notes">Note: Values shown are for the default size and/or flavor.</td> </tr> <tr><td colspan="3"><a href="#" class="acts_as_button en_learn_more_and_customize"></a></td></tr> <tr><td colspan="3"><a href="#" class="acts_as_button en_add_to_my_meal_builder"></a></td></tr> </tbody> </table> </div> <div class="product_item"> <img src="images/product_icons/BigNTasty.png" height="115" width="99" alt="Big N&rsquo; Tasty"/> <div class="small_title">Big N&rsquo; Tasty</div> <table class="product_information" cellpadding="0" border="0" cellspacing="0"> <tbody> <tr> <td class="red_bold"></td> <td></td> <td class="small_italic">(Daily Value)</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="red_bold">Calories</td> <td>460</td> <td class="small_italic"></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="red_bold">Total Fat</td> <td>24g</td> <td class="small_italic">(37%)</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="red_bold">Carbs</td> <td>37g</td> <td class="small_italic">(12%)</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="red_bold">Protein</td> <td>24g</td> <td class="small_italic"></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="red_bold">Sodium</td> <td>720mg</td> <td class="small_italic">(30%)</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="3" class="notes">Note: Values shown are for the default size and/or flavor.</td> </tr> <tr><td colspan="3"><a href="#" class="acts_as_button en_learn_more_and_customize"></a></td></tr> <tr><td colspan="3"><a href="#" class="acts_as_button en_add_to_my_meal_builder"></a></td></tr> </tbody> </table> </div> <div class="product_item"> <img src="images/product_images/x115/sandwiches/FiletOFish.png" height="115" width="99" alt="Filet O Fish"/> <div class="small_title">Filet O Fish</div> <table class="product_information" cellpadding="0" border="0" cellspacing="0"> <tbody> <tr> <td class="red_bold"></td> <td></td> <td class="small_italic">(Daily Value)</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="red_bold">Calories</td> <td>460</td> <td class="small_italic"></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="red_bold">Total Fat</td> <td>24g</td> <td class="small_italic">(37%)</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="red_bold">Carbs</td> <td>37g</td> <td class="small_italic">(12%)</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="red_bold">Protein</td> <td>24g</td> <td class="small_italic"></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="red_bold">Sodium</td> <td>720mg</td> <td class="small_italic">(30%)</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="3" class="notes">Note: Values shown are for the default size and/or flavor.</td> </tr> <tr><td colspan="3"><a href="#" class="acts_as_button en_learn_more_and_customize"></a></td></tr> <tr><td colspan="3"><a href="#" class="acts_as_button en_add_to_my_meal_builder"></a></td></tr> </tbody> </table> </div> <div class="product_item"> <img src="images/product_icons/BigNTasty.png" height="115" width="99" alt="Big N&rsquo; Tasty"/> <div class="small_title">Big N&rsquo; Tasty</div> <table class="product_information" cellpadding="0" border="0" cellspacing="0"> <tbody> <tr> <td class="red_bold"></td> <td></td> <td class="small_italic">(Daily Value)</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="red_bold">Calories</td> <td>460</td> <td class="small_italic"></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="red_bold">Total Fat</td> <td>24g</td> <td class="small_italic">(37%)</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="red_bold">Carbs</td> <td>37g</td> <td class="small_italic">(12%)</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="red_bold">Protein</td> <td>24g</td> <td class="small_italic"></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="red_bold">Sodium</td> <td>720mg</td> <td class="small_italic">(30%)</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="3" class="notes">Note: Values shown are for the default size and/or flavor.</td> </tr> <tr><td colspan="3"><a href="#" class="acts_as_button en_learn_more_and_customize"></a></td></tr> <tr><td colspan="3"><a href="#" class="acts_as_button en_add_to_my_meal_builder"></a></td></tr> </tbody> </table> </div> <div class="product_item"> <img src="images/product_icons/BigNTasty.png" height="115" width="99" alt="Big N&rsquo; Tasty"/> <div class="small_title">Big N&rsquo; Tasty</div> <table class="product_information" cellpadding="0" border="0" cellspacing="0"> <tbody> <tr> <td class="red_bold"></td> <td></td> <td class="small_italic">(Daily Value)</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="red_bold">Calories</td> <td>460</td> <td class="small_italic"></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="red_bold">Total Fat</td> <td>24g</td> <td class="small_italic">(37%)</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="red_bold">Carbs</td> <td>37g</td> <td class="small_italic">(12%)</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="red_bold">Protein</td> <td>24g</td> <td class="small_italic"></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="red_bold">Sodium</td> <td>720mg</td> <td class="small_italic">(30%)</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="3" class="notes">Note: Values shown are for the default size and/or flavor.</td> </tr> <tr><td colspan="3"><a href="#" class="acts_as_button en_learn_more_and_customize"></a></td></tr> <tr><td colspan="3"><a href="#" class="acts_as_button en_add_to_my_meal_builder"></a></td></tr> </tbody> </table> </div> <div class="product_item"> <img src="images/product_icons/BigNTasty.png" height="115" width="99" alt="Big N&rsquo; Tasty"/> <div class="small_title">Big N&rsquo; Tasty</div> <table class="product_information" cellpadding="0" border="0" cellspacing="0"> <tbody> <tr> <td class="red_bold"></td> <td></td> <td class="small_italic">(Daily Value)</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="red_bold">Calories</td> <td>460</td> <td class="small_italic"></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="red_bold">Total Fat</td> <td>24g</td> <td class="small_italic">(37%)</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="red_bold">Carbs</td> <td>37g</td> <td class="small_italic">(12%)</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="red_bold">Protein</td> <td>24g</td> <td class="small_italic"></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="red_bold">Sodium</td> <td>720mg</td> <td class="small_italic">(30%)</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="3" class="notes">Note: Values shown are for the default size and/or flavor.</td> </tr> <tr><td colspan="3"><a href="#" class="acts_as_button en_learn_more_and_customize"></a></td></tr> <tr><td colspan="3"><a href="#" class="acts_as_button en_add_to_my_meal_builder"></a></td></tr> </tbody> </table> </div> <div class="product_item"> <img src="images/product_images/x115/chicken/PremCrispyChickenRanchBLT.png" height="115" width="115" alt="Premium Cripsy Chicken Ranch BLT"/> <div class="small_title">Premium Cripsy Chicken Ranch BLT</div> <table class="product_information" cellpadding="0" border="0" cellspacing="0"> <tbody> <tr> <td class="red_bold"></td> <td></td> <td class="small_italic">(Daily Value)</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="red_bold">Calories</td> <td>460</td> <td class="small_italic"></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="red_bold">Total Fat</td> <td>24g</td> <td class="small_italic">(37%)</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="red_bold">Carbs</td> <td>37g</td> <td class="small_italic">(12%)</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="red_bold">Protein</td> <td>24g</td> <td class="small_italic"></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="red_bold">Sodium</td> <td>720mg</td> <td class="small_italic">(30%)</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="3" class="notes">Note: Values shown are for the default size and/or flavor.</td> </tr> <tr><td colspan="3"><a href="#" class="acts_as_button en_learn_more_and_customize"></a></td></tr> <tr><td colspan="3"><a href="#" class="acts_as_button en_add_to_my_meal_builder"></a></td></tr> </tbody> </table> </div> <div class="product_item"> <img src="images/product_images/x115/sandwiches/FiletOFish.png" height="115" width="99" alt="Filet O Fish"/> <div class="small_title">Filet O Fish</div> <table class="product_information" cellpadding="0" border="0" cellspacing="0"> <tbody> <tr> <td class="red_bold"></td> <td></td> <td class="small_italic">(Daily Value)</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="red_bold">Calories</td> <td>460</td> <td class="small_italic"></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="red_bold">Total Fat</td> <td>24g</td> <td class="small_italic">(37%)</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="red_bold">Carbs</td> <td>37g</td> <td class="small_italic">(12%)</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="red_bold">Protein</td> <td>24g</td> <td class="small_italic"></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="red_bold">Sodium</td> <td>720mg</td> <td class="small_italic">(30%)</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="3" class="notes">Note: Values shown are for the default size and/or flavor.</td> </tr> <tr><td colspan="3"><a href="#" class="acts_as_button en_learn_more_and_customize"></a></td></tr> <tr><td colspan="3"><a href="#" class="acts_as_button en_add_to_my_meal_builder"></a></td></tr> </tbody> </table> </div> <div class="product_item"> <img src="images/product_icons/BigNTasty.png" height="115" width="99" alt="Big N&rsquo; Tasty"/> <div class="small_title">Big N&rsquo; Tasty</div> <table class="product_information" cellpadding="0" border="0" cellspacing="0"> <tbody> <tr> <td class="red_bold"></td> <td></td> <td class="small_italic">(Daily Value)</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="red_bold">Calories</td> <td>460</td> <td class="small_italic"></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="red_bold">Total Fat</td> <td>24g</td> <td class="small_italic">(37%)</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="red_bold">Carbs</td> <td>37g</td> <td class="small_italic">(12%)</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="red_bold">Protein</td> <td>24g</td> <td class="small_italic"></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="red_bold">Sodium</td> <td>720mg</td> <td class="small_italic">(30%)</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="3" class="notes">Note: Values shown are for the default size and/or flavor.</td> </tr> <tr><td colspan="3"><a href="#" class="acts_as_button en_learn_more_and_customize"></a></td></tr> <tr><td colspan="3"><a href="#" class="acts_as_button en_add_to_my_meal_builder"></a></td></tr> </tbody> </table> </div> <div class="clear"></div> </div> </body> Below is the css code: div.small_title { font-size: 10px; color: #929292; text-align: center; max-width: 115px; line-height: 13px; padding-top: 5px; margin: 0 auto; } .product_item { position: relative; float:left; min-width: 35px; max-width: 189px; width: auto !important; text-align:center; border: 1px solid #CCC; } Please help me! Cheers!! Lokesh Yadav

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  • immutable strings vs std::string

    - by Caspin
    I've recent been reading about immutable strings, here and here as well some stuff about why D chose immutable strings. There seem to be many advantages. trivially thread safe more secure more memory efficient in most use cases. cheap substrings (tokenizing and slicing) Not to mention most new languages have immutable strings, D2.0, Java, C#, Python, Ruby, etc. Would C++ benefit from immutable strings? Is it possible to implement an immutable string class in c++ (or c++0x) that would have all of these advantages?

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  • In Ruby are there any related applications of the syntax: class << self ... end

    - by pez_dispenser
    class << self attr_accessor :n, :totalX, :totalY end The syntax above is used for defining class instance variables. But when I think about what syntax implies, it doesn't make any sense to me, so I'm wondering if this type of syntax is used for any other types of definitions. My point of confusion here is this: class << self The append operator normally means "add what's on the right to the object on the left". But in the context of this block, how does that add up to "put the contents of this block into the definition of the class instance rather than the instance"? For the same reason I'm confused as to why in one context class << self can define class instance variables while in another it seems to create class variables such as here: class Point # Instance methods go here class << self # Class methods go here end end

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  • UML class diagram - can aggregated object be part of two aggregated classes?

    - by user970696
    Some sources say that aggregation means that the class owns the object and shares reference. Lets assume an example where a company class holds a list of cars but departments of that company has list of cars used by them. class Department { list<Car> listOfCars; } class Company { list<Car> listOfCars; //initialization of the list } So in UML class diagram, I would do it like this. But I assume this is not allowed because it would imply that both company and department own the objects.. [COMPANY]<>------[CAR] [DEPARTMENT]<>---| //imagine this goes up to the car class

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  • Base class -> Derived class and vice-versa conversions in C++

    - by Ivan Nikolaev
    Hi! I have the following example code: #include <iostream> #include <string> using namespace std; class Event { public: string type; string source; }; class KeyEvent : public Event { public: string key; string modifier; }; class MouseEvent : public Event { public: string button; int x; int y; }; void handleEvent(KeyEvent e) { if(e.key == "ENTER") cout << "Hello world! The Enter key was pressed ;)" << endl; } Event generateEvent() { KeyEvent e; e.type = "KEYBOARD_EVENT"; e.source = "Keyboard0"; e.key = "SPACEBAR"; e.modifier = "none"; return e; } int main() { KeyEvent e = generateEvent(); return 0; } I can't compile it, G++ throws an error of kind: main.cpp: In function 'int main()': main.cpp:47:29: error: conversion from 'Event' to non-scalar type 'KeyEvent' requested I know that the error is obvious for C++ guru's, but I can't understand why I can't do the conversion from base class object to derived one. Can someone suggest me the solution of the problem that I have? Thx in advice

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