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  • i accidentally disabled my ubuntu profile

    - by Mack
    I was trying to upgrade my 2nd computer's hard drive, and in the process, I un-admin'd and disabled my account. I'm using the guest account right now. I've tried everything that ask ubuntu has to offer (or at least after 5 hours of searching, trying, and failing) i.e., creating a new account (didn't allow me to do it), usermod, passwd, anything involving sudo, hell, I can't even get into recovery mode with the left shift thing... I really want to get into my account. Please help me.

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  • Indenting an x number of lines in vim

    - by Mack Stump
    I've been coding in Java for a job recently and I've noticed that I'll write some code and then determine that I need to wrap the code in a try/catch block. I've just been moving to the beginning of a line and adding a tab. 0 i <tab> <esc> k (repeat process until at beginning or end of block) Now this was fine the first three or four times I had to indent but now it's just become tedious and I'm a lazy person. Could someone suggest an easier way I could deal with this problem?

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  • jvm issue at startup

    - by Mack
    I can set the max memory as 1000 and not more than that, if I set the memory more than that, it throws the following error. Error occurred during initialization of VM Could not reserve enough space for object heap Could not create the Java virtual machine. My question is, why jvm looks for the max memory at startup? Thanks in advance.

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  • Tough question on WPF, Win32, MFC

    - by Mack
    Let's suppose you're an IT student with a basic knowledge of C++ and C#. Let's suppose that you want to design apps that: need to deliver some performance like archivers, cryptographic algorithms, codecs make use of some system calls have a gui and you want to learn an Api that will enable you to write apps like those described earlier and: is mainstream is future proof entitles you to find a decent job is easy enough - I mean easy like VCL, not easy like winapi So, making these assumptions, what Api will you choose? MFC, WPF, other? I really like VCL and QT, but they're not mainstream and I think few employers will want you to write apps in QT or Visual C++ Builder... Thanks for answers.

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  • Extended with advice: Moving block wont work in Javascript

    - by Mack
    Hello Note: this is an extension of a question I just asked, i have made the edits & taken the advice but still no luck I am trying to make a webpage where when you click a link, the link moves diagonally every 100 milliseconds. So I have my Javascript, but right now when I click the link nothing happens. I have run my code through JSLint (therefore changed comaprisions to === not ==, thats weird in JS?). I get this error from JSLink though: Error: Implied global: self 15,38, document 31 What do you think I am doing wrong? <script LANGUAGE="JavaScript" type = "text/javascript"> <!-- var block = null; var clockStep = null; var index = 0; var maxIndex = 6; var x = 0; var y = 0; var timerInterval = 100; // milliseconds var xPos = null; var yPos = null; function moveBlock() { if ( index < 0 || index >= maxIndex || block === null || clockStep === null ) { self.clearInterval( clockStep ); return; } block.style.left = xPos[index] + "px"; block.style.top = yPos[index] + "px"; index++; } function onBlockClick( blockID ) { if ( clockStep !== null ) { return; } block = document.getElementById( blockID ); index = 0; x = number(block.style.left); // parseInt( block.style.left, 10 ); y = number(block.style.top); // parseInt( block.style.top, 10 ); xPos = new Array( x+10, x+20, x+30, x+40, x+50, x+60 ); yPos = new Array( y-10, y-20, y-30, y-40, y-50, y-60 ); clockStep = self.SetInterval( moveBlock(), timerInterval ); } --> </script> <style type="text/css" media="all"> <!-- @import url("styles.css"); #blockMenu { z-index: 0; width: 650px; height: 600px; background-color: blue; padding: 0; } #block1 { z-index: 30; position: relative; top: 10px; left: 10px; background-color: red; width: 200px; height: 200px; margin: 0; padding: 0; /* background-image: url("images/block1.png"); */ } #block2 { z-index: 30; position: relative; top: 50px; left: 220px; background-color: red; width: 200px; height: 200px; margin: 0; padding: 0; /* background-image: url("images/block1.png"); */ } #block3 { z-index: 30; position: relative; top: 50px; left: 440px; background-color: red; width: 200px; height: 200px; margin: 0; padding: 0; /* background-image: url("images/block1.png"); */ } #block4 { z-index: 30; position: relative; top: 0px; left: 600px; background-color: red; width: 200px; height: 200px; margin: 0; padding: 0; /* background-image: url("images/block1.png"); */ } #block1 a { display: block; width: 100%; height: 100%; } #block2 a { display: block; width: 100%; height: 100%; } #block3 a { display: block; width: 100%; height: 100%; } #block4 a { display: block; width: 100%; height: 100%; } #block1 a:hover { background-color: green; } #block2 a:hover { background-color: green; } #block3 a:hover { background-color: green; } #block4 a:hover { background-color: green; } #block1 a:active { background-color: yellow; } #block2 a:active { background-color: yellow; } #block3 a:active { background-color: yellow; } #block4 a:active { background-color: yellow; } --> </style>

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  • c++ and c# speed compared

    - by Mack
    I was worried about C#'s speed when it deals with heavy calculations, when you need to use raw CPU power. I always thought that C++ is much faster than C# when it comes to calculations. So I did some quick tests. The first test computes prime numbers < an integer n, the second test computes some pandigital numbers. The idea for second test comes from here: Pandigital Numbers C# prime computation: using System; using System.Diagnostics; class Program { static int primes(int n) { uint i, j; int countprimes = 0; for (i = 1; i <= n; i++) { bool isprime = true; for (j = 2; j <= Math.Sqrt(i); j++) if ((i % j) == 0) { isprime = false; break; } if (isprime) countprimes++; } return countprimes; } static void Main(string[] args) { int n = int.Parse(Console.ReadLine()); Stopwatch sw = new Stopwatch(); sw.Start(); int res = primes(n); sw.Stop(); Console.WriteLine("I found {0} prime numbers between 0 and {1} in {2} msecs.", res, n, sw.ElapsedMilliseconds); Console.ReadKey(); } } C++ variant: #include <iostream> #include <ctime> int primes(unsigned long n) { unsigned long i, j; int countprimes = 0; for(i = 1; i <= n; i++) { int isprime = 1; for(j = 2; j < (i^(1/2)); j++) if(!(i%j)) { isprime = 0; break; } countprimes+= isprime; } return countprimes; } int main() { int n, res; cin>>n; unsigned int start = clock(); res = primes(n); int tprime = clock() - start; cout<<"\nI found "<<res<<" prime numbers between 1 and "<<n<<" in "<<tprime<<" msecs."; return 0; } When I ran the test trying to find primes < than 100,000, C# variant finished in 0.409 seconds and C++ variant in 5.553 seconds. When I ran them for 1,000,000 C# finished in 6.039 seconds and C++ in about 337 seconds. Pandigital test in C#: using System; using System.Diagnostics; class Program { static bool IsPandigital(int n) { int digits = 0; int count = 0; int tmp; for (; n > 0; n /= 10, ++count) { if ((tmp = digits) == (digits |= 1 << (n - ((n / 10) * 10) - 1))) return false; } return digits == (1 << count) - 1; } static void Main() { int pans = 0; Stopwatch sw = new Stopwatch(); sw.Start(); for (int i = 1; i <= 123456789; i++) { if (IsPandigital(i)) { pans++; } } sw.Stop(); Console.WriteLine("{0}pcs, {1}ms", pans, sw.ElapsedMilliseconds); Console.ReadKey(); } } Pandigital test in C++: #include <iostream> #include <ctime> using namespace std; int IsPandigital(int n) { int digits = 0; int count = 0; int tmp; for (; n > 0; n /= 10, ++count) { if ((tmp = digits) == (digits |= 1 << (n - ((n / 10) * 10) - 1))) return 0; } return digits == (1 << count) - 1; } int main() { int pans = 0; unsigned int start = clock(); for (int i = 1; i <= 123456789; i++) { if (IsPandigital(i)) { pans++; } } int ptime = clock() - start; cout<<"\nPans:"<<pans<<" time:"<<ptime; return 0; } C# variant runs in 29.906 seconds and C++ in about 36.298 seconds. I didn't touch any compiler switches and bot C# and C++ programs were compiled with debug options. Before I attempted to run the test I was worried that C# will lag well behind C++, but now it seems that there is a pretty big speed difference in C# favor. Can anybody explain this? C# is jitted and C++ is compiled native so it's normal that a C++ will be faster than a C# variant. Thanks for the answers!

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  • Heading div images should be displayed at a lower depth

    - by Mack
    I have a webpage where the top 25% of the page is the heading(with images in it) & the rest of the page has the content. I am trying to get the heading div to display is pictures at a lower depth as the content div because currently the heading images overflow into the content div(intentionally) & when they do they mess up the positioning of the HTML elements in the content div. My code below should make the heading div display below the content div but it doesn't. Can you help me figure out why & how to fix it? My CSS: html, body { height: 100%; width: 100%; } body { background-color: RGB(255, 255, 255); margin: 20px; text-align: center; } #outerContainer { background-color: #DCFF9A; height: 100%; width: 100%; } #header { width: 1200px; height: 25%; background-color: blue; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; overflow: visible; z-index: -5; } #main { display: block; width: 1200px; height: 60%; background-color: blue; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; z-index: 5; } #navBar { float: left; height: 800px; width: 240px; background-color: red; } #content { float: left; height: 800px; width: 760px; background-color: yellow; } #kamaleiText { float: left; } #kamaleiLogo { float: left; padding-top: 30px; background-color: green; z-index: inherit; } #kamaleiLeaves { float: right; z-index: -2; background-color: cyan; z-index: inherit; } And my HTML is the following: <body> <div id="outerContainer"> <div id="header"> <img id="kamaleiLogo" src="" alt="Pic1" height="98%" width="300px"/> <!-- Knowtice if I set the width to something smaller then everything is spaced out correctly, so these elements are not being shown below others when they should be --> <img id="kamaleiLeaves" src="" alt="Pic2" height="300px" width="300px"/> </div> <br/> <div id="main"> <div id="navBar"> </div> <div id="content"> abcdef </div> </div> </div> </body>

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  • How to configure my 404 response

    - by Evylent
    How would I be able to correctly redirect a person who visits my site to my 404 page? I have already created my 404.php file as: <!DOCTYPE html> <html><head><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"> <title>Page not found | Twilight of Spirits</title> <link rel="stylesheet" href="http://forum.umbradora.net/template/default/css/404.css"> <link rel="icon" type="image/x-icon" href="/favicon.png"> </head> <body> <div id="error"> <a href="http://forum.umbradora.net/"> <img src="/forum/template/default/images/layout/404.png" alt="404 page not found" id="error404-image"> </a> </div> <div id="mixpanel" style="visibility: hidden; "></div></body></html> My .htaccess file is: ErrorDocument 404 http://forum.umbradora.net/404.php Now when I go to my site and enter a false link such as mack.php or total.html, I get this error: Internal Server Error The server encountered an internal error or misconfiguration and was unable to complete your request. Please contact the server administrator, [email protected] and inform them of the time the error occurred, and anything you might have done that may have caused the error. More information about this error may be available in the server error log. Additionally, a 404 Not Found error was encountered while trying to use an ErrorDocument to handle the request. Any ideas on how to solve this? I have tried switching from subdomain to my normal path, still get errors.

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  • Array help Index out of range exeption was unhandled

    - by Michael Quiles
    I am trying to populate combo boxes from a text file using comma as a delimiter everything was working fine, but now when I debug I get the "Index out of range exeption was unhandled" warning. I guess I need a fresh pair of eyes to see where I went wrong, I commented on the line that gets the error //Fname = fields[1]; using System; using System.Collections.Generic; using System.ComponentModel; using System.Data; using System.Drawing; using System.Drawing.Printing; using System.Linq; using System.Text; using System.Windows.Forms; using System.IO; namespace Sullivan_Payroll { public partial class xEmpForm : Form { bool complete = false; public xEmpForm() { InitializeComponent(); } private void xEmpForm_Resize(object sender, EventArgs e) { this.xCenterPanel.Left = Convert.ToInt16((this.Width - this.xCenterPanel.Width) / 2); this.xCenterPanel.Top = Convert.ToInt16((this.Height - this.xCenterPanel.Height) / 2); Refresh(); } private void exitToolStripMenuItem_Click(object sender, EventArgs e) { //Exits the application this.Close(); } private void xEmpForm_FormClosing(object sender, FormClosingEventArgs e) //use this on xtrip calculator { DialogResult Response; if (complete == true) { Application.Exit(); } else { Response = MessageBox.Show("Are you sure you want to Exit?", "Exit", MessageBoxButtons.YesNo, MessageBoxIcon.Question, MessageBoxDefaultButton.Button2); if (Response == DialogResult.No) { complete = false; e.Cancel = true; } else { complete = true; Application.Exit(); } } } private void xEmpForm_Load(object sender, EventArgs e) { //file sources string fileDept = "source\\Department.txt"; string fileSex = "source\\Sex.txt"; string fileStatus = "source\\Status.txt"; if (File.Exists(fileDept)) { using (System.IO.StreamReader sr = System.IO.File.OpenText(fileDept)) { string dept = ""; while ((dept = sr.ReadLine()) != null) { this.xDeptComboBox.Items.Add(dept); } } } else { MessageBox.Show("The Department file can not be found.", "Error", MessageBoxButtons.OK, MessageBoxIcon.Error); } if (File.Exists(fileSex)) { using (System.IO.StreamReader sr = System.IO.File.OpenText(fileSex)) { string sex = ""; while ((sex = sr.ReadLine()) != null) { this.xSexComboBox.Items.Add(sex); } } } else { MessageBox.Show("The Sex file can not be found.", "Error", MessageBoxButtons.OK, MessageBoxIcon.Error); } if (File.Exists(fileStatus)) { using (System.IO.StreamReader sr = System.IO.File.OpenText(fileStatus)) { string status = ""; while ((status = sr.ReadLine()) != null) { this.xStatusComboBox.Items.Add(status); } } } else { MessageBox.Show("The Status file can not be found.", "Error", MessageBoxButtons.OK, MessageBoxIcon.Error); } } private void xFileSaveMenuItem_Click(object sender, EventArgs e) { { const string fileNew = "source\\New Staff.txt"; string recordIn; FileStream outFile = new FileStream(fileNew, FileMode.Create, FileAccess.Write); StreamWriter writer = new StreamWriter(outFile); for (int count = 0; count <= this.xEmployeeListBox.Items.Count - 1; count++) { this.xEmployeeListBox.SelectedIndex = count; recordIn = this.xEmployeeListBox.SelectedItem.ToString(); writer.WriteLine(recordIn); } writer.Close(); outFile.Close(); this.xDeptComboBox.SelectedIndex = -1; this.xStatusComboBox.SelectedIndex = -1; this.xSexComboBox.SelectedIndex = -1; MessageBox.Show("your file is saved"); } } private void xViewFacultyMenuItem_Click(object sender, EventArgs e) { const string fileStaff = "source\\Staff.txt"; const char DELIM = ','; string Lname, Fname, Depart, Stat, Sex, Salary, cDept, cStat, cSex; double Gtotal; string recordIn; string[] fields; cDept = this.xDeptComboBox.SelectedItem.ToString(); cStat = this.xStatusComboBox.SelectedItem.ToString(); cSex = this.xSexComboBox.SelectedItem.ToString(); FileStream inFile = new FileStream(fileStaff, FileMode.Open, FileAccess.Read); StreamReader reader = new StreamReader(inFile); recordIn = reader.ReadLine(); while (recordIn != null) { fields = recordIn.Split(DELIM); Lname = fields[0]; Fname = fields[1]; // this is where the error appears Depart = fields[2]; Stat = fields[3]; Sex = fields[4]; Salary = fields[5]; Fname = fields[1].TrimStart(null); Depart = fields[2].TrimStart(null); Stat = fields[3].TrimStart(null); Sex = fields[4].TrimStart(null); Salary = fields[5].TrimStart(null); Gtotal = double.Parse(Salary); if (Depart == cDept && cStat == Stat && cSex == Sex) { this.xEmployeeListBox.Items.Add(recordIn); } recordIn = reader.ReadLine(); } reader.Close(); inFile.Close(); if (this.xEmployeeListBox.Items.Count >= 1) { this.xFileSaveMenuItem.Enabled = true; this.xFilePrintMenuItem.Enabled = true; this.xEditClearMenuItem.Enabled = true; } else { this.xFileSaveMenuItem.Enabled = false; this.xFilePrintMenuItem.Enabled = false; this.xEditClearMenuItem.Enabled = false; MessageBox.Show("Records not found"); } } private void xEditClearMenuItem_Click(object sender, EventArgs e) { this.xEmployeeListBox.Items.Clear(); this.xDeptComboBox.SelectedIndex = -1; this.xStatusComboBox.SelectedIndex = -1; this.xSexComboBox.SelectedIndex = -1; this.xFileSaveMenuItem.Enabled = false; this.xFilePrintMenuItem.Enabled = false; this.xEditClearMenuItem.Enabled = false; } } } Source file -- Anderson, Kristen, Accounting, Assistant, Female, 43155 Ball, Robin, Accounting, Instructor, Female, 42723 Chin, Roger, Accounting, Full, Male,59281 Coats, William, Accounting, Assistant, Male, 45371 Doepke, Cheryl, Accounting, Full, Female, 52105 Downs, Clifton, Accounting, Associate, Male, 46887 Garafano, Karen, Finance, Associate, Female, 49000 Hill, Trevor, Management, Instructor, Male, 38590 Jackson, Carole, Accounting, Instructor, Female, 38781 Jacobson, Andrew, Management, Full, Male, 56281 Lewis, Karl, Management, Associate, Male, 48387 Mack, Kevin, Management, Assistant, Male, 45000 McKaye, Susan, Management, Instructor, Female, 43979 Nelsen, Beth, Finance, Full, Female, 52339 Nelson, Dale, Accounting, Full, Male, 54578 Palermo, Sheryl, Accounting, Associate, Female, 45617 Rais, Mary, Finance, Instructor, Female, 27000 Scheib, Earl, Management, Instructor, Male, 37389 Smith, Tom, Finance, Full, Male, 57167 Smythe, Janice, Management, Associate, Female, 46887 True, David, Accounting, Full, Male, 53181 Young, Jeff, Management, Assistant, Male, 43513

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  • Remove/squash entries in a vertical hash

    - by Forkrul Assail
    I have a grid that represents an X, Y matrix, stored as a hash here. Some points on the X Y matrix may have values (as type string), and some may not. A typical grid could look like this: {[9, 5]=>"Alaina", [10, 3]=>"Courtney", [11, 1]=>"Gladys", [8, 7]=>"Alford", [14, 11]=>"Lesley", [17, 2]=>"Lawson", [0, 5]=>"Katrine", [2, 1]=>"Tyra", [3, 3]=>"Fredy", [1, 7]=>"Magnus", [6, 9]=>"Nels", [7, 11]=>"Kylie", [11, 0]=>"Kellen", [10, 2]=>"Johan", [14, 10]=>"Justice", [0, 4]=>"Barton", [2, 0]=>"Charley", [3, 2]=>"Magnolia", [1, 6]=>"Maximo", [7, 10]=>"Olga", [19, 5]=>"Isadore", [16, 3]=>"Delfina", [17, 1]=>"Noe", [20, 11]=>"Francis", [10, 5]=>"Creola", [9, 3]=>"Bulah", [8, 1]=>"Lempi", [11, 7]=>"Raquel", [13, 11]=>"Jace", [1, 5]=>"Garth", [3, 1]=>"Ernest", [2, 3]=>"Malcolm", [0, 7]=>"Alejandrin", [7, 9]=>"Marina", [6, 11]=>"Otilia", [16, 2]=>"Hailey", [20, 10]=>"Brandt", [8, 0]=>"Madeline", [9, 2]=>"Leanne", [13, 10]=>"Jenifer", [1, 4]=>"Humberto", [3, 0]=>"Nicholaus", [2, 2]=>"Nadia", [0, 6]=>"Abigail", [6, 10]=>"Zola", [20, 5]=>"Clementina", [23, 3]=>"Alvah", [19, 11]=>"Wallace", [11, 5]=>"Tracey", [8, 3]=>"Hulda", [9, 1]=>"Jedidiah", [10, 7]=>"Annetta", [12, 11]=>"Nicole", [2, 5]=>"Alison", [0, 1]=>"Wilma", [1, 3]=>"Shana", [3, 7]=>"Judd", [4, 9]=>"Lucio", [5, 11]=>"Hardy", [19, 10]=>"Immanuel", [9, 0]=>"Uriel", [8, 2]=>"Milton", [12, 10]=>"Elody", [5, 10]=>"Alexanne", [1, 2]=>"Lauretta", [0, 0]=>"Louvenia", [2, 4]=>"Adelia", [21, 5]=>"Erling", [18, 11]=>"Corene", [22, 3]=>"Haskell", [11, 11]=>"Leta", [10, 9]=>"Terrence", [14, 1]=>"Giuseppe", [15, 3]=>"Silas", [12, 5]=>"Johnnie", [4, 11]=>"Aurelie", [5, 9]=>"Meggie", [2, 7]=>"Phoebe", [0, 3]=>"Sister", [1, 1]=>"Violet", [3, 5]=>"Lilian", [18, 10]=>"Eusebio", [11, 10]=>"Emma", [15, 2]=>"Theodore", [14, 0]=>"Cassidy", [4, 10]=>"Edmund", [2, 6]=>"Claire", [0, 2]=>"Madisen", [1, 0]=>"Kasey", [3, 4]=>"Elijah", [17, 11]=>"Susana", [20, 1]=>"Nicklaus", [21, 3]=>"Kelsie", [10, 11]=>"Garnett", [11, 9]=>"Emanuel", [15, 1]=>"Louvenia", [14, 3]=>"Otho", [13, 5]=>"Vincenza", [3, 11]=>"Tate", [2, 9]=>"Beau", [5, 7]=>"Jason", [6, 1]=>"Jayde", [7, 3]=>"Lamont", [4, 5]=>"Curt", [17, 10]=>"Mack", [21, 2]=>"Lilyan", [10, 10]=>"Ruthe", [14, 2]=>"Georgianna", [4, 4]=>"Nyasia", [6, 0]=>"Sadie", [16, 11]=>"Emil", [21, 1]=>"Melba", [20, 3]=>"Delia", [3, 10]=>"Rosalee", [2, 8]=>"Myrtle", [7, 2]=>"Rigoberto", [14, 5]=>"Jedidiah", [13, 3]=>"Flavie", [12, 1]=>"Evie", [8, 9]=>"Olaf", [9, 11]=>"Stan", [20, 2]=>"Judge", [5, 5]=>"Cassie", [7, 1]=>"Gracie", [6, 3]=>"Armando", [4, 7]=>"Delia", [3, 9]=>"Marley", [16, 10]=>"Robyn", [2, 11]=>"Richie", [12, 0]=>"Gilberto", [13, 2]=>"Dedrick", [9, 10]=>"Liam", [5, 4]=>"Jabari", [7, 0]=>"Enola", [6, 2]=>"Lela", [3, 8]=>"Jade", [2, 10]=>"Johnson", [15, 5]=>"Willow", [12, 3]=>"Fredrick", [13, 1]=>"Beau", [9, 9]=>"Carlie", [8, 11]=>"Daisha", [6, 5]=>"Declan", [4, 1]=>"Carolina", [5, 3]=>"Cruz", [7, 7]=>"Jaime", [0, 9]=>"Anthony", [1, 11]=>"Esta", [13, 0]=>"Shaina", [12, 2]=>"Alec", [8, 10]=>"Lora", [6, 4]=>"Emely", [4, 0]=>"Rodger", [5, 2]=>"Cedrick", [0, 8]=>"Collin", [1, 10]=>"Armani", [16, 5]=>"Brooks", [19, 3]=>"Eleanora", [18, 1]=>"Alva", [7, 5]=>"Melissa", [5, 1]=>"Tabitha", [4, 3]=>"Aniya", [6, 7]=>"Marc", [1, 9]=>"Marjorie", [0, 11]=>"Arvilla", [19, 2]=>"Adela", [7, 4]=>"Zakary", [5, 0]=>"Emely", [4, 2]=>"Alison", [1, 8]=>"Lorenz", [0, 10]=>"Lisandro", [17, 5]=>"Aylin", [18, 3]=>"Giles", [19, 1]=>"Kyleigh", [8, 5]=>"Mary", [11, 3]=>"Claire", [10, 1]=>"Avis", [9, 7]=>"Manuela", [15, 11]=>"Chesley", [18, 2]=>"Kristopher", [24, 3]=>"Zola", [8, 4]=>"Pietro", [10, 0]=>"Delores", [11, 2]=>"Timmy", [15, 10]=>"Khalil", [18, 5]=>"Trudie", [17, 3]=>"Rafael", [16, 1]=>"Anthony"} What I need to do though, is basically remove all the empty entries. Let's say [17,3] = Raphael does not have an element in front of if (let's say - no [16,3] exists) then [17,3] should become [16,3] etc. So basically all empty items will be popped off the vertical (row) structure of the hash. Are there functions I should have a look at or is there an easy squash-like method that would just remove blanks and adjust and move other items? Thanks in advance for your help.

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