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• Convert XML attributes to a Dictionary in Linq to XML

  - by NateD

  I've got a program that needs to convert two attributes of a particular tag to the key and value of an Dictionary<int,string>. The XML looks like this: (fragment) <startingPoint coordinates="1,1" player="1" /> and so far my LINQ looks something like this: XNamespace ns = "http://the_namespace"; var startingpoints = from sp in xml.Elements(ns+"startingPoint") from el in sp.Attributes() select el.Value; Which gets me a nice IEnumerable full of things like "1,1" and "1", but there should be a way to adapt something like this answer to do attributes instead of elements. Little help please? Thank you!

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• How to convert a string into a Point?

  - by NateD

  I have a list of strings of the format "x,y". I would like to make them all into Points. The best Point constructor I can find takes two ints. What is the best way in C# to turn "14,42" into new Point(14,42);? I know the Regex for doing that is /(\d+),(\d+)/, but I'm having a hard time turning those two match groups into ints in C#.

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• Looking for the most painless non-RDBMS storage method in C#

  - by NateD

  I'm writing a simple program that will run entirely client-side. (Desktop programming? do people still do that?) and I need a simple way to store trivial amounts of data in a structured form, but really don't see any need to use a database system. What's more, some of the data needs to be serialized and passed around to different users, like some kind of "file" or perhaps a "document". (has anyone ever done that before?) So, I've looked at using .Net DataSets, LINQ, direct XML manipulation, and they all seem like they would get the job done, but I would like to know before I dive into any of them if there's one method that is generally regarded as easier to code than others. As I said, the amount of data to be stored is trivial, even if one hundred people all used the same machine we're not talking about more than 10 MB, so performance is not as large a concern as is codeability/maintainability. Thank you all in advance!

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• How to convert a string into a Point in C#

  - by NateD

  I have a list of strings of the format "x,y". I would like to make them all into Points. The best Point constructor I can find takes two ints. What is the best way in C# to turn "14,42" into new Point(14,42);? I know the Regex for doing that is /(\d+),(\d+)/, but I'm having a hard time turning those two match groups into ints in C#. any help you could offer would be appreciated.

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• Check for Existence of a Result in Linq-to-xml

  - by NateD

  I'm using Linq-to-XML to do a simple "is this user registered" check (no security here, just making a list of registered users for a desktop app). How do I handle the result from a query like this: var people = from person in currentDoc.Descendants("Users") where (string)person.Element("User") == searchBox.Text select person; I understand the most common way to use the result would be something like foreach (var line in people){ //do something here } but what do you do if person comes back empty, which is what would happen if the person isn't registered? I've looked around on this site and on MSDN and haven't found a really clear answer yet. Extra credit: Give a good explanation of what people contains.

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• Jquery Find an XML element based on the value of one of it's children

  - by NateD

  I'm working on a simple XML phonebook app to learn JQuery, and I can't figure out how to do something like this: When the user enters the first name of a contact in a textbox I want to find the entire record of that person. The XML looks like this: <phonebook> <person> <number> 555-5555</number> <first_name>Evelyn</first_name> <last_name>Remington</last_name> <address>Edge of the Abyss</address> <image>path/to/image</image> </person> <person> <number>+34 1 6444 333 2223230</number> <first_name>Max</first_name> <last_name>Muscle</last_name> <address>Mining Belt</address> <image>path/to/image</image> </person> </phonebook> and the best I've been able to do with the jQuery is something like this: var myXML; function searchXML(){ $.ajax({ type:"GET", url: "phonebook.xml", dataType: "xml", success: function(xml){myXML = $("xml").find("#firstNameBox").val())} }); } What I want it to do is return the entire <person> element so I can iterate through and display all that person's information. Any help would be appreciated.

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• Attempting to caue packet loss with netem doesn't work - possibly because of NAT (but delay does work)

  - by tomdee

  I have traffic from a WIFI access point routed via an Ubuntu box. I have two network interfaces which are NATed *filter :INPUT ACCEPT [11:690] :FORWARD ACCEPT [0:0] :OUTPUT ACCEPT [37:6224] -A FORWARD -s 192.168.2.0/24 -i eth1 -o eth0 -m conntrack --ctstate NEW -j ACCEPT -A FORWARD -m conntrack --ctstate RELATED,ESTABLISHED -j ACCEPT COMMIT # Completed on Thu Mar 15 13:37:21 2012 # Generated by iptables-save v1.4.10 on Thu Mar 15 13:37:21 2012 *nat :PREROUTING ACCEPT [0:0] :INPUT ACCEPT [0:0] :OUTPUT ACCEPT [0:0] :POSTROUTING ACCEPT [0:0] -A POSTROUTING -j MASQUERADE COMMIT If I run a ping app on an Android device connected to the WIFI network I can happily ping google. If I use netem to introduce some delay tc qdisc change dev eth0 root netem delay 100ms I can clearly see pings taking longer. If I use netem to introduce some packet loss tc qdisc change dev ifb0 root netem loss 50% then I see no change. Packet loss does work fine for locally generated traffic, just not for traffic coming in over the network that's being NATed. Any ideas how to sort this out?

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• SQL Azure Security: DoS

  - by Herve Roggero

  Since I decided to understand in more depth how SQL Azure works I started to dig into its performance characteristics. So I decided to write an application that allows me to put SQL Azure to the test and compare results with a local SQL Server database. One of the options I added is the ability to issue the same command on multiple threads to get certain performance metrics. That's when I stumbled on an interesting security feature of SQL Azure: its Denial of Service (DoS) detection engine. What this security feature does is that it performs a check on the number of connections being established, and if the rate of connection is too high, SQL Azure blocks all communication from that machine. I am still trying to learn more about this specific feature, but it appears that going to the SQL Azure portal and testing the connection from the portal "resets" the feature and you are allowed to connect again... until you reach the login threashold. In the specific test I was performing, all the logins were successful. I haven't tried to login with an invalid account or password... that will be for next time. On my Linked In group (SQL Server and SQL Azure Security: http://www.linkedin.com/groups?gid=2569994&trk=hb_side_g) Chip Andrews (www.sqlsecurity.com) pointed out that this feature in itself could present an internal threat. In theory, a rogue application could be issuing many login requests from a NATed network, which could potentially prevent any production system from connecting to SQL Azure within the same network. My initial response was that this could indeed be the case. However, while the TCP protocol contains the latest NATed IP address of a machine (which masks the origin of the machine making the SQL request), the TDS protocol itself contains the IP Address of the machine making the initial request; so technically there would be a way for SQL Azure to block only the internal IP address making the rogue requests.  So this warrants further investigation... stay tuned...

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• Juniper SSG20 IP settings for email server

  - by codemonkie

  We have 5 usable external static IP addresses leased by our ISP: .49 to .53, where .49 is assigned to the Juniper SSG20 firewall and NATed for 172.16.10.0/24 .50 is assigned to a windows box for web server and domain controller .51 is assigned to another windows box with exchange server (domain: mycompany1.com) mx record is pointing to 20x.xx.xxx.51 Currently there is a policy set for all SMTP incoming traffic addressed to .51 forward to the NATed address of the exchange server box (private IP: 172.16.10.194). We can send and receive emails for both internal and external, but the gmail is saying mails from mycomany1.com is not sent from the same IP as the mx lookup however is from 20x.xx.xxx.49: Received-SPF: neutral (google.com: 20x.xx.xxx.49 is neither permitted nor denied by best guess record for domain of [email protected]) client-ip=20x.xx.xxx.49; Authentication-Results: mx.google.com; spf=neutral (google.com: 20x.xx.xxx.49 is neither permitted nor denied by best guess record for domain of [email protected]) [email protected] and the mx record in global dns space as well as in the domain controller .50 for mail.mycompany1.com is set to 20x.xx.xxx.51 My attempt to resolve the above issue is to Update the mx record from 20x.xx.xxx.51 to 20x.xx.xxx.49 Create a new VIP for SMTP traffic addressed to 20x.xx.xxx.49 to forward to 172.16.10.194 After my changes incoming email stopped working, I believe it has something to do with the Juniper setting that SMTP addressed to .49 is not forwarded to 172.16.10.194 Also, I have been wondering is it mandatory to assign an external static IP address to the Juniper firewall? Any helps appreciated. TIA

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• Openvpn mat through access server depending on client

  - by Lucas Kauffman

  I have several services which should be accessible through a VPN. Clients who connect through the VPN server should be NATed so that all their traffic passes through the access server. However server residing on the network should not pass their traffic through the access server their VPN facing services should be accessible, but their internet connections should not pas through the access server. So how can I enable NAT on a per client basis using OpenVPN?

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• L2TP connection fails!

  - by a.toraby

  I've installed l2tp-ipsec-vpn but when I try to connect to the vpn server I get error 500. Here are the logs: Jun 17 12:54:37.449 ipsec_setup: Stopping Openswan IPsec... Jun 17 12:54:38.858 Stopping xl2tpd: xl2tpd. Jun 17 12:54:38.859 xl2tpd[1511]: death_handler: Fatal signal 15 received Jun 17 12:54:38.872 ipsec_setup: Starting Openswan IPsec U2.6.37/K3.2.0-23-generic... Jun 17 12:54:39.027 ipsec__plutorun: Starting Pluto subsystem... Jun 17 12:54:39.033 ipsec__plutorun: adjusting ipsec.d to /etc/ipsec.d Jun 17 12:54:39.037 recvref[30]: Protocol not available Jun 17 12:54:39.038 xl2tpd[2442]: This binary does not support kernel L2TP. Jun 17 12:54:39.038 xl2tpd[2444]: xl2tpd version xl2tpd-1.3.1 started on atp-ThinkPad-SL410 PID:2444 Jun 17 12:54:39.038 xl2tpd[2444]: Written by Mark Spencer, Copyright (C) 1998, Adtran, Inc. Jun 17 12:54:39.038 xl2tpd[2444]: Forked by Scott Balmos and David Stipp, (C) 2001 Jun 17 12:54:39.038 xl2tpd[2444]: Inherited by Jeff McAdams, (C) 2002 Jun 17 12:54:39.039 xl2tpd[2444]: Forked again by Xelerance (www.xelerance.com) (C) 2006 Jun 17 12:54:39.039 xl2tpd[2444]: Listening on IP address 0.0.0.0, port 1701 Jun 17 12:54:39.040 Starting xl2tpd: xl2tpd. Jun 17 12:54:39.062 ipsec__plutorun: 002 added connection description "L2TP" Jun 17 12:55:30.753 104 "L2TP" #1: STATE_MAIN_I1: initiate Jun 17 12:55:30.754 010 "L2TP" #1: STATE_MAIN_I1: retransmission; will wait 20s for response Jun 17 12:55:30.754 010 "L2TP" #1: STATE_MAIN_I1: retransmission; will wait 40s for response Jun 17 12:55:30.754 003 "L2TP" #1: ignoring Vendor ID payload [MS NT5 ISAKMPOAKLEY 00000008] Jun 17 12:55:30.754 003 "L2TP" #1: received Vendor ID payload [RFC 3947] method set to=109 Jun 17 12:55:30.754 003 "L2TP" #1: received Vendor ID payload [draft-ietf-ipsec-nat-t-ike-02_n] meth=106, but already using method 109 Jun 17 12:55:30.755 003 "L2TP" #1: ignoring Vendor ID payload [FRAGMENTATION] Jun 17 12:55:30.755 003 "L2TP" #1: ignoring Vendor ID payload [MS-Negotiation Discovery Capable] Jun 17 12:55:30.755 003 "L2TP" #1: ignoring Vendor ID payload [IKE CGA version 1] Jun 17 12:55:30.755 106 "L2TP" #1: STATE_MAIN_I2: sent MI2, expecting MR2 Jun 17 12:55:30.755 010 "L2TP" #1: STATE_MAIN_I2: retransmission; will wait 20s for response Jun 17 12:55:30.755 003 "L2TP" #1: NAT-Traversal: Result using RFC 3947 (NAT-Traversal): i am NATed Jun 17 12:55:30.755 108 "L2TP" #1: STATE_MAIN_I3: sent MI3, expecting MR3 Jun 17 12:55:30.756 004 "L2TP" #1: STATE_MAIN_I4: ISAKMP SA established {auth=OAKLEY_PRESHARED_KEY cipher=oakley_3des_cbc_192 prf=oakley_sha group=modp1024} Jun 17 12:55:30.756 117 "L2TP" #2: STATE_QUICK_I1: initiate Jun 17 12:55:30.756 010 "L2TP" #2: STATE_QUICK_I1: retransmission; will wait 20s for response Jun 17 12:55:30.756 003 "L2TP" #2: ignoring informational payload, type IPSEC_RESPONDER_LIFETIME msgid=6b03ff69 Jun 17 12:55:30.756 003 "L2TP" #2: NAT-Traversal: received 2 NAT-OA. ignored because peer is not NATed Jun 17 12:55:30.756 003 "L2TP" #2: our client subnet returned doesn't match my proposal - us:192.168.1.3/32 vs them:109.162.174.235/32 Jun 17 12:55:30.757 003 "L2TP" #2: Allowing questionable proposal anyway [ALLOW_MICROSOFT_BAD_PROPOSAL] Jun 17 12:55:30.757 004 "L2TP" #2: STATE_QUICK_I2: sent QI2, IPsec SA established transport mode {ESP=>0x23af21f8 <0xdb4a87b6 xfrm=AES_128-HMAC_SHA1 NATOA=none NATD=none DPD=none} Jun 17 12:55:31.759 xl2tpd[2444]: Connecting to host x.x.x.x, port 1701 Jun 17 12:55:32.021 xl2tpd[2444]: Connection established to x.x.x.x, 1701. Local: 4720, Remote: 200 (ref=0/0). Jun 17 12:55:32.023 xl2tpd[2444]: Calling on tunnel 4720 Jun 17 12:55:32.454 xl2tpd[2444]: Call established with x.x.x.x, Local: 9667, Remote: 3, Serial: 1 (ref=0/0) Jun 17 12:55:32.456 xl2tpd[2444]: start_pppd: I'm running: Jun 17 12:55:32.456 xl2tpd[2444]: "/usr/sbin/pppd" Jun 17 12:55:32.457 xl2tpd[2444]: "passive" Jun 17 12:55:32.458 xl2tpd[2444]: "nodetach" Jun 17 12:55:32.458 xl2tpd[2444]: ":" Jun 17 12:55:32.459 xl2tpd[2444]: "file" Jun 17 12:55:32.459 xl2tpd[2444]: "/etc/ppp/L2TP.options.xl2tpd" Jun 17 12:55:32.460 xl2tpd[2444]: "ipparam" Jun 17 12:55:32.461 xl2tpd[2444]: "x.x.x.x" Jun 17 12:55:32.462 xl2tpd[2444]: "/dev/pts/1" Jun 17 12:55:32.583 pppd[2711]: Plugin passprompt.so loaded. Jun 17 12:55:32.583 pppd[2711]: pppd 2.4.5 started by root, uid 0 Jun 17 12:55:32.619 pppd[2711]: Using interface ppp0 Jun 17 12:55:32.620 pppd[2711]: Connect: ppp0 <--> /dev/pts/1 Jun 17 12:55:33.693 pppd[2711]: /usr/bin/L2tpIPsecVpn exited with code 0 Jun 17 12:55:34.454 [ERROR 404] Authentication failed: closing connection to 'L2TP' Jun 17 12:55:34.456 pppd[2711]: MS-CHAP authentication failed: E=691 Authentication failure Jun 17 12:55:34.457 pppd[2711]: CHAP authentication failed Jun 17 12:55:34.461 Stopping xl2tpd: xl2tpd. Jun 17 12:55:34.462 xl2tpd[2444]: death_handler: Fatal signal 15 received Jun 17 12:55:34.463 pppd[2711]: Modem hangup Jun 17 12:55:34.463 pppd[2711]: Connection terminated. Jun 17 12:55:34.474 ipsec_setup: Stopping Openswan IPsec... Jun 17 12:55:34.482 pppd[2711]: Exit. Jun 17 12:55:35.587 ipsec_setup: ERROR: Module xfrm4_mode_transport is in use Jun 17 12:55:35.665 ipsec_setup: ERROR: Module esp4 is in use I had this problem by ubuntu 11.10 though I can easily connect to the server from windows. I use ubuntu 12.0 64bit

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• ssh all machines behind a router

  - by Luc

  Hello, I have several machines on my lan. One is used as a http proxy to target web sites located on the others (that's working fine now thanks to ServerFault). On my router, Port 22 is NATed to this proxy machine. I would like to be able to access the other machines, within internet, with something like: ssh user@first_machine.my_domain.tld ssh user@second_machine.my_domain.tld Could I use the proxy machine to 'filter' the incoming ssh request and to route them to the correct machine ? (in the same way it's possible to do so for web sites using a mix of mod_proxy and namevirtualhost in Apache) Thanks a lot, Luc

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• how to word wrap, align text like the output of man?

  - by cody

  what is the command that word wraps and justifies a text file so that the output looks like that of a man page: All of these system calls are used to wait for state changes in a child of the calling process, and obtain information about the child whose state has changed. A state change is considered to be: the child terminated; the child was stopped by a signal; or the child was resumed by a signal. In the case of a terminated child, performing a wait allows the system to release the resources associated with the child; if a wait is not performed, then the termi- nated child remains in a "zombie" state (see NOTES below). Thanks.

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• Virtual firewall to protect hypervisor

  - by manutenfruits

  I am running an Ubuntu Server 12.10 as a single host connected to a NATed router connected using PPPoE to a optical fiber modem. This server is meant to be accessed from the Internet, but also to be used from the LAN as a SVN, MySQL and what not... The issue is that the router is not customizable enough to serve, so I was thinking about creating a virtual pfSense firewall using KVM inside of the server itself, removing the need of the router. Is this possible? Can the host ignore and block all traffic coming to itself, but not for the firewall? I am aware this is not the most desirable environment, I accept suggestions based on budget!

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• How can Facebook's session get mixed up because of NAT and/or Proxy

  - by Alex

  Have received some reports from a customer (a very large company) they reported issues from clients who are using Facebook. These clients claim that once in a while when they log in to Facebook they end up in someone else's session. I know that network is NATed then Proxied before getting to Facebook.com. Although I'm not able to explain how this issue can occur. Is it possible that the Proxy is not sending the right session back to the clients? How can they end up with someone else's session since Facebook is cookie based session?? Anyone seen this before?

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• Load balancing + NAT issue on BNT GBE 2-7 gear

  - by Clément Game

  Hi guys, I've got troubles configuring an Hardware load-Balancer with NAT functions. I have the following architecture: Internet === VIP (public) LB (private ip) ==== private addressed servers When a connection is initialised from the outside (internet) , the LB correctly forwards the SYN packet to one of the private servers. But when these servers want to reply with a SYN/ACK there is a problem. the initial SYN packet had as ip header : VIP = Private_server_Address But the private servers cannot reach VIP from their side (this is normal since it's nated), and then provide a correct reply. Have you guys any solution to correctly forward the packets to their correct destination ? Note: The load balancer, which is the default gw for the servers, also has a NAT rule for "masquerading" (actually more SNAT than real masquerading) Regards, Clément.

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• Cisco adaptive security appliance is dropping packets where SYN flag is not set

  - by Brett Ryan

  We have an apache instance sitting inside our DMZ which is configured to proxy requests to an internal NATed tomcat instance inside our network. It works fine, but then all of a sudden requests from apache to the tomcat instance stop getting through with the following in the apache logs: [error] (70007)The timeout specified has expired: ajp_ilink_receive() can't receive header Investigating into the Cisco log viewer reveals the following: Error Message %ASA-6-106015: Deny TCP (no connection) from IP_address/port to IP_address/port flags tcp_flags on interface interface_name. Explanation The adaptive security appliance discarded a TCP packet that has no associated connection in the adaptive security appliance connection table. The adaptive security appliance looks for a SYN flag in the packet, which indicates a request to establish a new connection. If the SYN flag is not set, and there is not an existing connection, the adaptive security appliance discards the packet. Recommended Action None required unless the adaptive security appliance receives a large volume of these invalid TCP packets. If this is the case, trace the packets to the source and determine the reason these packets were sent. All are machines are virtualised using VMware, and by default machines have been using the Intel E1000 emulated NIC. Our network administrator has changed this to a VMXNET3 driver in an attempt to correct the problem, we just have to wait and see if the problem persists as it's an intermittent problem. Is there something else that could be causing this problem? This isn't the first service where we have had similar issues. Our apache host is running Ubuntu 11.10 with a kernel version of 3.0.0-17-server. We have also had this issue on RHEL5 (5.8) running kernel 2.6.18-308.16.1.el5, this machine also has the E1000 NIC. NOTE: I am not a network administrator and am a software architect and analyst programmer responsible for these systems.

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• Route forwarded traffic through eth0 but local traffic through tun0

  - by Ross Patterson

  I have a Ubuntu 12.04/Zentyal 2.3 server configured with WAN NATed on eth0, local interfaces eth1 and wlan0 bridged on br1 on which DHCP runs, and an OpenVPN connection on tun0. I only need the VPN for some things running on the gateway itself and I need to make sure that everything running on the gateway goes through the VPNs tun0. root:~# route Kernel IP routing table Destination Gateway Genmask Flags Metric Ref Use Iface default gw... 0.0.0.0 UG 100 0 0 eth0 link-local * 255.255.0.0 U 1000 0 0 br1 192.168.1.0 * 255.255.255.0 U 0 0 0 br1 A.B.C.0 * 255.255.255.0 U 0 0 0 eth0 root:~# ip route 169.254.0.0/16 dev br1 scope link metric 1000 192.168.1.0/24 dev br1 proto kernel scope link src 192.168.1.1 A.B.C.0/24 dev eth0 proto kernel scope link src A.B.C.186 root:~# ip route show table main 169.254.0.0/16 dev br1 scope link metric 1000 192.168.1.0/24 dev br1 proto kernel scope link src 192.168.1.1 A.B.C.0/24 dev eth0 proto kernel scope link src A.B.C.D root:~# ip route show table default default via A.B.C.1 dev eth0 How can I configure routing (or otherwise) such that all forwarded traffic for other hosts on the LAN goes through eth0 but all traffic for the gateway itself goes through the VPN on tun0? Also, since the OpenVPN client changes routing on startup/shutdown, how can I make sure that everything running on the gateway itself loses all network access if the VPN goes down and never goes out eth0.

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• Cisco Pix 515 ip addressing

  - by Rickard

  I have just gotten my hands on a Cisco Pix 515 (not 515E) with 3 interfaces, and are just about to start some labs. In my lab, I am using a real life scenario from an actual setup at work. As I have no access to the device at work, I am simply trying to replicate the scenario by trial and error. At work, we are given two IP addresses from the provider, which is 1-to-1 nated addresses. The addresses we are allowed to use are: 10.131.35.4-5/29 Now, we have 3 servers on a DMZ, 192.168.2.2-4/24 and 17 client computers on 192.168.1.100-117/24 aswell as some static addressed devices on 192.168.1.8-18/27 My question is, how would I best set up so that the machines on the DMZ get's translated to 10.131.35.4 and the machines on 192.168.1.* will be translated to 10.131.35.5 I don't expect or want anyone to give me a fully functional config, I may learn from it, but I'd prefer to just have some advices or maybe a guide on how to set it up. I hope someone can shed some light over my situation, have been looking through google but I guess I don't the searchwords I'm using isn't too good as I can't find any good clues. THank you very much! PS. Maybe I should add, I am not unfamiliar with the Cisco CLI, as I prefer using that before any gui's. So not really looking for any solutions for the ASDM. DS.

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• Private staff network within public network

  - by pianohacker

  I'm the sysadmin at a small public library. Since I got here a few years ago, I've been trying to set up the network in a secure and simple way. Security is a little tricky; the staff and patron networks need to be separated, for security reasons. Even if I further isolated the public wireless, I'd still rather not trust the security of our public computers. However, the two networks also need to communicate; even if I set up enough VMs so they didn't share any servers, they need to use the same two printers at the very least. Currently, I'm solving this with some jerry-rigged commodity equipment. The patron network, linked together by switches, has a Windows server connected to it for DNS and DHCP and a DSL modem for a gateway. Also on the patron network is the WAN side of a Linksys router. This router is the "top" of the staff network, and has the same Windows server connected on a different port, providing DNS and DHCP, and another, faster DSL modem (separate connections are very useful, especially as we heavily depend on some cloud-hosted software). tl;dr: We have a public network, and a NATed staff network within it. My question is; is this really the best way to do this? The right equipment would likely make my job easier, but anything with more than four ports and even rudimentary management quickly becomes a heavy hit on our budget. (My original question was about an ungodly frustrating DHCP routing issue, but I thought I'd ask whether my network was broken rather than asking about the DHCP problem and being told my network was broken.)

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• A server which uses 2 IPs and is needed to give service (under NAT)

  - by user6004

  I have an internal server, which uses a certain service. This service listens on a port, and speaks on a different port. The problem with the service is that it can't listen and speak on the same IP address, so I have configured 2 IP addresses for that NIC, and so I "solved" the problem with the listening and speaking. I have a problem though... I need that server to be NATed, with a public IP address, and that server needs to be available from the outside (and as only one IP)... The question is, how do I solve the situation here? If I do a NAT for one IP address (the listening port), then he will be able to get requests from the outside, but won't be able to send out traffic (because the other IP won't have NAT). If I do NAT on both of the IPs, then when traffic comes in for the listening port, it won't necessarily arrive to the listening IP, but rather to the speaking one. I hope I made myself clear and that there is a sensible solution here that I am missing.

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• AZURE - Stairway To Heaven

  - by Waclaw Chrabaszcz

  Originally posted on: http://geekswithblogs.net/Wchrabaszcz/archive/2014/08/02/azure---stairway-to-heaven.aspx  Before you’ll start reading please start to play this song.   OK boys and girls, time get familiar with clouds. Time to become a meteorologist. To be honest I don’t know how to start. Is cloud better or worse than on campus resources … hmm … it is just different. I think for successful adoption in cloud world IT Dinosaurs need to forget some “Private Cloud” virtualization bad habits, and learn new way of thinking. Take a look: - I don’t need any  tapes or  CDs  (Physical Kingdom of Windows XP and 2000) - I don’t need any locally stored MP3s (CD virtualization :-) - I can just stream music to your computer no matter whether my on-site infrastructure is powered on. Why not to do exactly the same with WebServer, SQL, or just rented for a while Windows server ? Let’s go, to the other side of the mirror. 1st  - register yourself for free one month trial, as happy MSDN subscriber you’ve got monthly budget to spent. In addition in default setting your limit protects you against loosing real money, if your toys will consume too much traffic and space. http://azure.microsoft.com/en-us/pricing/free-trial/ Once your account is ready forget WebPortal, we are PowerShell knights. http://go.microsoft.com/?linkid=9811175&clcid=0x409 #Authenticate yourself in Azure Add-AzureAccount #download once your settings file Get-AzurePublishSettingsFile #Import it to your PowerShell Module Import-AzurePublishSettingsFile "C:\Azure\[filename].publishsettings" #validation Get-AzureAccount Get-AzureSubscription #where are Azure datacenters Get-AzureLocation #You will need it Update-Help #storage account is related to physical location, there are two datacenters on each continent, try nearest to you # all your VMs will store VHD files on your storage account #your storage account must be unique globally, so I assume that words account or server are already used New-AzureStorageAccount -StorageAccountName "[YOUR_STORAGE_ACCOUNT]" -Label "AzureTwo" -Location "West Europe" Get-AzureStorageAccount #it looks like you are ready to deploy first VM, what templates we can use Get-AzureVMImage | Select ImageName #what a mess, let’s choose Server 2012 $ImageName = (Get-AzureVMImage)[74].ImageName $cloudSvcName = '[YOUR_STORAGE_ACCOUNT]' $AdminUsername = "[YOUR-ADMIN]" $adminPassword = '[YOUR_PA$$W0RD]' $MediaLocation = "West Europe" $vmnameDC = 'DC01' #burn baby burn !!! $vmDC01 = New-AzureVMConfig -Name $vmnameDC -InstanceSize "Small" -ImageName $ImageName   `     | Add-AzureProvisioningConfig -Windows -Password $adminPassword -AdminUsername $AdminUsername   `     | New-AzureVM -ServiceName $cloudSvcName #ice, ice baby … Get-AzureVM Get-AzureRemoteDesktopFile -ServiceName "[YOUR_STORAGE_ACCOUNT]" -Name "DC01" -LocalPath "c:\AZURE\DC01.rdp" As you can see it is not just a new-VM, you need to associate your VM with AzureVMConfig (it sets your template), AzureProvisioningConfig (it sets your customizations), and Storage account. In next releases you’ll need to put this machine in specific subnet, attach a HDD and many more. After second reading I found that I am using the same name for STORAGE and SERVICE account, please be aware of it if you need to split these values. Conclusions: - pipe rules ! - at the beginning it is hard to change your mind and agree with fact that it is easier to remove and recreate a VM than move it to different subnet - by default everything is firewalled, limited access to DNS, but NATed outside on custom ports. It is good to check these translations sometimes on the webportal. - if you remove your VMs your harddrives remains on storage and MS will charge you . Remove-AzureVM -DeleteVHD For me AZURE it is a lot of fun, once again I can be newbie and learn every page. For me Azure offers real freedom in deployment of VMs without arguing with NetAdmins, WinAdmins, DBAs, PMs and other Change Managers. Unfortunately soon or later they will come to my haven and change it into …

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• Ubuntu 12.04 LXC nat prerouting not working

  - by petermolnar

  I have a running Debian Wheezy setup I copied exactly to an Ubuntu 12.04 ( elementary OS, used as desktop as well ) While the Debian setup runs flawlessly, the Ubuntu version dies on the prerouting to containers ( or so it seems ) In short: lxc works containers work and run connecting to container from host OK ( including mixed ports & services ) connecting to outside world from container is fine What does not work is connecting from another box to the host on a port that should be NATed to a container. The setups: /etc/rc.local CMD_BRCTL=/sbin/brctl CMD_IFCONFIG=/sbin/ifconfig CMD_IPTABLES=/sbin/iptables CMD_ROUTE=/sbin/route NETWORK_BRIDGE_DEVICE_NAT=lxc-bridge HOST_NETDEVICE=eth0 PRIVATE_GW_NAT=192.168.42.1 PRIVATE_NETMASK=255.255.255.0 PUBLIC_IP=192.168.13.100 ${CMD_BRCTL} addbr ${NETWORK_BRIDGE_DEVICE_NAT} ${CMD_BRCTL} setfd ${NETWORK_BRIDGE_DEVICE_NAT} 0 ${CMD_IFCONFIG} ${NETWORK_BRIDGE_DEVICE_NAT} ${PRIVATE_GW_NAT} netmask ${PRIVATE_NETMASK} promisc up Therefore lxc network is 192.168.42.0/24 and the host eth0 ip is 192.168.13.100; setup via network manager as static address. iptables: *mangle :PREROUTING ACCEPT [0:0] :INPUT ACCEPT [0:0] :FORWARD ACCEPT [0:0] :OUTPUT ACCEPT [0:0] :POSTROUTING ACCEPT [0:0] COMMIT *filter :FORWARD ACCEPT [0:0] :INPUT DROP [0:0] :OUTPUT ACCEPT [0:0] # Accept traffic from internal interfaces -A INPUT -i lo -j ACCEPT # accept traffic from lxc network -A INPUT -d 192.168.42.1 -s 192.168.42.0/24 -j ACCEPT # Accept internal traffic Make sure NEW incoming tcp connections are SYN # packets; otherwise we need to drop them: -A INPUT -p tcp ! --syn -m state --state NEW -j DROP # Packets with incoming fragments drop them. This attack result into Linux server panic such data loss. -A INPUT -f -j DROP # Incoming malformed XMAS packets drop them: -A INPUT -p tcp --tcp-flags ALL ALL -j DROP # Incoming malformed NULL packets: -A INPUT -p tcp --tcp-flags ALL NONE -j DROP # Accept traffic with the ACK flag set -A INPUT -p tcp -m tcp --tcp-flags ACK ACK -j ACCEPT # Allow incoming data that is part of a connection we established -A INPUT -m state --state ESTABLISHED -j ACCEPT # Allow data that is related to existing connections -A INPUT -m state --state RELATED -j ACCEPT # Accept responses to DNS queries -A INPUT -p udp -m udp --dport 1024:65535 --sport 53 -j ACCEPT # Accept responses to our pings -A INPUT -p icmp -m icmp --icmp-type echo-reply -j ACCEPT # Accept notifications of unreachable hosts -A INPUT -p icmp -m icmp --icmp-type destination-unreachable -j ACCEPT # Accept notifications to reduce sending speed -A INPUT -p icmp -m icmp --icmp-type source-quench -j ACCEPT # Accept notifications of lost packets -A INPUT -p icmp -m icmp --icmp-type time-exceeded -j ACCEPT # Accept notifications of protocol problems -A INPUT -p icmp -m icmp --icmp-type parameter-problem -j ACCEPT # Respond to pings, but limit -A INPUT -m icmp -p icmp --icmp-type echo-request -m state --state NEW -m limit --limit 6/s -j ACCEPT # Allow connections to SSH server -A INPUT -p tcp -m tcp --dport 22 -m state --state NEW -m limit --limit 12/s -j ACCEPT COMMIT *nat :OUTPUT ACCEPT [0:0] :PREROUTING ACCEPT [0:0] :POSTROUTING ACCEPT [0:0] -A PREROUTING -d 192.168.13.100 -p tcp -m tcp --dport 2221 -m state --state NEW -m limit --limit 12/s -j DNAT --to-destination 192.168.42.11:22 -A PREROUTING -d 192.168.13.100 -p tcp -m tcp --dport 80 -m state --state NEW -m limit --limit 512/s -j DNAT --to-destination 192.168.42.11:80 -A PREROUTING -d 192.168.13.100 -p tcp -m tcp --dport 443 -m state --state NEW -m limit --limit 512/s -j DNAT --to-destination 192.168.42.11:443 -A POSTROUTING -d 192.168.42.0/24 -o eth0 -j SNAT --to-source 192.168.13.100 -A POSTROUTING -o eth0 -j MASQUERADE COMMIT sysctl: net.ipv4.conf.all.forwarding = 1 net.ipv4.conf.all.mc_forwarding = 0 net.ipv4.conf.default.forwarding = 1 net.ipv4.conf.default.mc_forwarding = 0 net.ipv4.ip_forward = 1 I've set up full iptables log on the container; none of the packets addressed to 192.168.13.100, port 80 is reaching the container. I've even tried different kernels ( server kernel, raring lts kernel, etc ), modprobe everything iptables & nat related, nothing. Any ideas?

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• Cisco IPSec, nat, and port forwarding don't play well together

  - by Alan

  I have two Cisco ADSL modems configured conventionally to nat the inside traffic to the ISP. That works. I have two port forwards on one of them for SMTP and IMAP from the outside to the inside this provides external access to the mail server. This works. The modem doing the port forwarding also terminates PPTP VPN traffic. There are two DNS servers one inside the office which resolves mail to the local address, one outside the office which resolves mail for the rest of the world to the external interface. That all works. I recently added an IPSec VPN between the two modems and that works for every thing EXCEPT connections over the IPSec VPN to the mail server on port 25 or 143 from workstations on the remote lan. It would seem that the modem with the port forwards is confusing traffic from the mail server destined for a machine on the other side of the IPSec VPN for traffic that should go back to a port forward connection. PPTP VPN traffic to the mail server is fine. Is this a scenario anybody is familiar with and are there any suggestions on how to work around it? Many thanks Alan But wait there is more..... This is the strategic parts of the nat config. A route map is used to exclude the lans that are reachable via IPSec tunnels from being Nated. int ethernet0 ip nat inside int dialer1 ip nat outside ip nat inside source route-map nonat interface Dialer1 overload route-map nonat permit 10 match ip address 105 access-list 105 remark *** Traffic to NAT access-list 105 deny ip 192.168.1.0 0.0.0.255 192.168.9.0 0.0.0.255 access-list 105 deny ip 192.168.1.0 0.0.0.255 192.168.48.0 0.0.0.255 access-list 105 permit ip 192.168.1.0 0.0.0.255 any ip nat inside source static tcp 192.168.1.241 25 interface Dialer1 25 ip nat inside source static tcp 192.168.1.241 143 interface Dialer1 143 At the risk of answering my own question, I resolved this outside the Cisco realm. I bound a secondary ip address to mail server 192.168.1.244, changed the port forwards to use it while leaving all the local and IPSec traffic to use 192.168.1.241 and the problem was solved. New port forwards. ip nat inside source static tcp 192.168.1.244 25 interface Dialer1 25 ip nat inside source static tcp 192.168.1.244 143 interface Dialer1 143 Obviously this is a messy solution and being able to fix this in the Cisco would be preferable.

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• No Telnet login prompt when used over SSH tunnel

  - by SCO

  Hi there ! I have a device, let's call it d1, runnning a lightweight Linux. This device is NATed by my internet box/router, hence not reachable from the Internet. That device runs a telnet daemon on it, and only has root as user (no pwd). Its ip address is 192.168.0.126 on the private network. From the private network (let's say 192.168.0.x), I can do: telnet 192.168.0.126 Where 192.168.0.126 is the IP address in the private network. This works correctly. However, to allow administration, I'd need to access that device from outside of that private network. Hence, I created an SSH tunnel like this on d1 : ssh -R 4455:localhost:23 ussh@s1 s1 is a server somewhere in the private network (but this is for testing purposes only, it will endup somewhere in the Internet), running a standard Linux distro and on which I created a user called 'ussh'. s1 IP address is 192.168.0.48. When I 'telnet' with the following, let's say from c1, 192.168.0.19 : telnet -l root s1 4455 I get : Trying 192.168.0.48... Connected to 192.168.0.48. Escape character is '^]'. Connection closed by foreign host . The connection is closed after roughly 30 seconds, and I didn't log. I tried without the -l switch, without any success. I tried to 'telnet' with IP addresses instead of names to avoid reverse DNS issues (although I added to d1 /etc/hosts a line refering to s1 IP/name, just in case), no success. I tried on another port than 4455, no success. I gathered Wireshark logs from s1. I can see : s1 sends SSH data to c1, c1 ACK s1 performs an AAAA DNS request for c1, gets only the Authoritave nameservers. s1 performs an A DNS request, then gets c1's IP address s1 sends a SYN packet to c1, c1 replies with a RST/ACK s1 sends a SYN to c1, C1 RST/ACK (?) After 0.8 seconds, c1 sends a SYN to s1, s1 SYN/ACK and then c1 ACK s1 sends SSH content to d1, d1 sends an ACK back to s1 s1 retries AAAA and A DNS requests After 5 seconds, s1 retries a SYN to c1, once again it is RST/ACKed by c1. This is repeated 3 more times. The last five packets : d1 sends SSH content to s1, s1 sends ACK and FIN/ACK to c1, c1 replies with FIN/ACK, s1 sends ACK to c1. The connection seems to be closed by the telnet daemon after 22 seconds. AFAIK, there is no way to decode the SSH stream, so I'm really stuck here ... Any ideas ? Thank you !

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