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• Serving a video and audio upload and streaming intense site

  - by Pollux Khafra

  I'm about to launch a new site that allows user to both upload/stream audio and video and I don't know anything about the server side of things. My original plan was to just use a dedicated server through Hostgator but from what I'm reading, Cloud hosting or Load balanced clustered is the best way to go for what Im trying to do. All the articles seem to have an agenda to sell you on an affiliate web host so how do I really need to do this?

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• Need to reformat SQL Cluster Disk. How do I recover my SQL installation?

  - by I.T. Support

  We need to reformat the SQL cluster disk in our SQL cluster. The drive contains the shared installation files for SQL as well as databases. My concern is how SQL/The Cluster will react to after we wipe the disk resource. Questions: Is there a defined procedure for this? How should we backup and restore the disk? After the reformat, how do we get the clustered SQL server back online? Thanks

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• Set preferred host to run on?

  - by maeron

  Hi, We have set up a virtual MS clustered environment and I want to set one virtual machine to run on each physical server. How can I do this?

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• Is it possible that an insert would use parallelism?

  - by Lieven Cardoen

  In what situation can inserting a simple record (the table has got some 10 columns, two of them are xml) use parallelism? CREATE TABLE [dbo].[PackageSessions]( [PackageSessionId] [int] IDENTITY(1,1) NOT NULL, [PackageId] [int] NOT NULL, [UserId] [int] NOT NULL, [StartDateTime] [datetime] NULL, [StopDateTime] [datetime] NULL, [Score] [float] NOT NULL, [ScoreMax] [float] NOT NULL, [CompletionStatus] [int] NOT NULL, [ReviewPlayerContextId] [int] NOT NULL, [PlayerContextId] [int] NOT NULL, [ReducedScore] [float] NOT NULL, [ReducedScoreMax] [float] NOT NULL, [PackageSnapShot] [xml] NULL, [InterfaceLanguageId] [int] NOT NULL, [Data] [xml] NULL, [PackageSessionLanguageId] [int] NOT NULL, CONSTRAINT [PackageSessions_PK] PRIMARY KEY CLUSTERED ( [PackageSessionId] ASC )WITH (PAD_INDEX = OFF, STATISTICS_NORECOMPUTE = OFF, IGNORE_DUP_KEY = OFF, ALLOW_ROW_LOCKS = ON, ALLOW_PAGE_LOCKS = ON) ON [PRIMARY] ) ON [PRIMARY]

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• SQL Server 2005: Improving performance for thousands or Insert requests. logout-login time= 120ms.

  - by Rad

  Can somebody shed some lights on how SQL Server 2005 deals with may request issued by a client using ADO.NET 2.0. Below is the shortend output of SQL Trace. I can see that connection pooling is working (I believe there is only one connection being pooled). What is not clear to me is why we have so many sp_reset_connection calls i.e a series of: Audit Login, SQL:BatchStarting, RPC:Starting and Audit Logout for each loop in for loop below. I can see that there is constant switching between tempdb and master database which leads me to conclude that we lost the context when next connection is created by fetching it from the pool based on ConectionString argument. I can see that every 15ms I can get 100-200 login/logout per second (reported at the same time by Profiler). The after 15ms I have again a series fo 100-200 login/logout per second. I need clarification on how this might affect much complex insert queries in production environment. I use Enterprise Library 2006, the code is compiled with VS 2005 and it is a console application that parses a flat file with 10 of thousand of rows grouping parent-child rows, runs on an application server and runs 2 stored procedure on a remote SQL Server 2005 inserting a parent record, retrieves Identity value and using it calls the second stored procedure 1, 2 or multiple times (sometimes several thousands) inserting child records. The child table has close to 10 million records with 5-10 indexes some of them being covering non-clustered. There is a pretty complex Insert trigger that copies inserted detail record to an archive table. All in all I only have 7 inserts per second which means it can take 2-4 hours for 50 thousand records. When I run Profiler on the test server (that is almost equivalent with production server) I can see that there is about 120ms between Audit Logout and Audit Login trace entries which almost give me chance to insert about 8 records. So my question is if there is some way to improve inserting of records since the company loads 100 thousands of records and does daily planning and has SLA to fulfill client request coming as flat file orders and some big files 10 thousands have to be processed(imported quickly). 4 hours to import 60 thousands should be reduced to 30 minutes. I was thinking to use BatchSize of DataAdapter to send multiple stored procedure calls, SQL Bulk inserts to batch multiple inserts from DataReader or DataTable, SSIS fast load. But I don't know how to properly analyze re-indexing and stats population and maybe this has to take some time to finish. What is worse is that the company uses the biggest table for reporting and other online processing and indexes cannot be dropped. I manage transaction manually by setting a field to a value and do an transactional update changing that value to a new value that other applications are using to get committed rows. Please advise how to approach this problem. For now I am trying to have a staging tables with minimal logging in a separate database and no indexes and I will try to do batched (massive) parent child inserts. I believe Production DB has simple recovery model, but it could be full recovery. If DB user that is being used by my .NET console application has bulkadmin role does it mean its bulk inserts are minimally logged. I understand that when a table has clustered and many non-clustered indexes that inserts are still logged for each row. Connection pooling is working, but with many login/logouts. Why? for (int i = 1; i <= 10000; i++){ using (SqlConnection conn = new SqlConnection("server=(local);database=master;integrated security=sspi;")) {conn.Open(); using (SqlCommand cmd = conn.CreateCommand()){ cmd.CommandText = "use tempdb"; cmd.ExecuteNonQuery();}}} SQL Server Profiler trace: Audit Login master 2010-01-13 23:18:45.337 1 - Nonpooled SQL:BatchStarting use tempdb master 2010-01-13 23:18:45.337 RPC:Starting exec sp_reset_conn tempdb 2010-01-13 23:18:45.337 Audit Logout tempdb 2010-01-13 23:18:45.337 2 - Pooled Audit Login -- network protocol master 2010-01-13 23:18:45.383 2 - Pooled SQL:BatchStarting use tempdb master 2010-01-13 23:18:45.383 RPC:Starting exec sp_reset_conn tempdb 2010-01-13 23:18:45.383 Audit Logout tempdb 2010-01-13 23:18:45.383 2 - Pooled Audit Login -- network protocol master 2010-01-13 23:18:45.383 2 - Pooled SQL:BatchStarting use tempdb master 2010-01-13 23:18:45.383 RPC:Starting exec sp_reset_conn tempdb 2010-01-13 23:18:45.383 Audit Logout tempdb 2010-01-13 23:18:45.383 2 - Pooled

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• Long-running Database Query

  - by JamesMLV

  I have a long-running SQL Server 2005 query that I have been hoping to optimize. When I look at the actual execution plan, it says a Clustered Index Seek has 66% of the cost. Execuation Plan Snippit: <RelOp AvgRowSize="31" EstimateCPU="0.0113754" EstimateIO="0.0609028" EstimateRebinds="0" EstimateRewinds="0" EstimateRows="10198.5" LogicalOp="Clustered Index Seek" NodeId="16" Parallel="false" PhysicalOp="Clustered Index Seek" EstimatedTotalSubtreeCost="0.0722782"> <OutputList> <ColumnReference Database="[wf_1]" Schema="[dbo]" Table="[Indices]" Alias="[I]" Column="quoteDate" /> <ColumnReference Database="[wf_1]" Schema="[dbo]" Table="[Indices]" Alias="[I]" Column="price" /> <ColumnReference Database="[wf_1]" Schema="[dbo]" Table="[Indices]" Alias="[I]" Column="tenure" /> </OutputList> <RunTimeInformation> <RunTimeCountersPerThread Thread="0" ActualRows="1067" ActualEndOfScans="1" ActualExecutions="1" /> </RunTimeInformation> <IndexScan Ordered="true" ScanDirection="FORWARD" ForcedIndex="false" NoExpandHint="false"> <DefinedValues> <DefinedValue> <ColumnReference Database="[wf_1]" Schema="[dbo]" Table="[Indices]" Alias="[I]" Column="quoteDate" /> </DefinedValue> <DefinedValue> <ColumnReference Database="[wf_1]" Schema="[dbo]" Table="[Indices]" Alias="[I]" Column="price" /> </DefinedValue> <DefinedValue> <ColumnReference Database="[wf_1]" Schema="[dbo]" Table="[Indices]" Alias="[I]" Column="tenure" /> </DefinedValue> </DefinedValues> <Object Database="[wf_1]" Schema="[dbo]" Table="[Indices]" Index="[_dta_index_Indices_14_320720195__K5_K2_K1_3]" Alias="[I]" /> <SeekPredicates> <SeekPredicate> <Prefix ScanType="EQ"> <RangeColumns> <ColumnReference Database="[wf_1]" Schema="[dbo]" Table="[Indices]" Alias="[I]" Column="HedgeProduct" ComputedColumn="true" /> </RangeColumns> <RangeExpressions> <ScalarOperator ScalarString="(1)"> <Const ConstValue="(1)" /> </ScalarOperator> </RangeExpressions> </Prefix> <StartRange ScanType="GE"> <RangeColumns> <ColumnReference Database="[wf_1]" Schema="[dbo]" Table="[Indices]" Alias="[I]" Column="tenure" /> </RangeColumns> <RangeExpressions> <ScalarOperator ScalarString="[@StartMonth]"> <Identifier> <ColumnReference Column="@StartMonth" /> </Identifier> </ScalarOperator> </RangeExpressions> </StartRange> <EndRange ScanType="LE"> <RangeColumns> <ColumnReference Database="[wf_1]" Schema="[dbo]" Table="[Indices]" Alias="[I]" Column="tenure" /> </RangeColumns> <RangeExpressions> <ScalarOperator ScalarString="[@EndMonth]"> <Identifier> <ColumnReference Column="@EndMonth" /> </Identifier> </ScalarOperator> </RangeExpressions> </EndRange> </SeekPredicate> </SeekPredicates> </IndexScan> </RelOp> From this, does anyone see an obvious problem that would be causing this to take so long? Here is the query: (SELECT quotedate, tenure, price, ActualVolume, HedgePortfolioValue, Price AS UnhedgedPrice, ((ActualVolume*Price - HedgePortfolioValue)/ActualVolume) AS HedgedPrice FROM ( SELECT [quoteDate] ,[price] , tenure ,isnull(wf_1.[Risks].[HedgePortValueAsOfDate2](1,tenureMonth,quotedate,price),0) as HedgePortfolioValue ,[TotalOperatingGasVolume] as ActualVolume FROM [wf_1].[dbo].[Indices] I inner join ( SELECT DISTINCT tenureMonth FROM [wf_1].[Risks].[KnowRiskTrades] WHERE HedgeProduct = 1 AND portfolio <> 'Natural Gas Hedge Transactions' ) B ON I.tenure=B.tenureMonth inner join ( SELECT [Month],[TotalOperatingGasVolume] FROM [wf_1].[Risks].[ActualGasVolumes] ) C ON C.[Month]=B.tenureMonth WHERE HedgeProduct = 1 AND quoteDate>=dateadd(day, -3*365, tenureMonth) AND quoteDate<=dateadd(day,-3,tenureMonth) )A )

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• Which workaround to use for the following SQL deadlock?

  - by Marko

  I found a SQL deadlock scenario in my application during concurrency. I belive that the two statements that cause the deadlock are (note - I'm using LINQ2SQL and DataContext.ExecuteCommand(), that's where this.studioId.ToString() comes into play): exec sp_executesql N'INSERT INTO HQ.dbo.SynchronizingRows ([StudioId], [UpdatedRowId]) SELECT @p0, [t0].[Id] FROM [dbo].[UpdatedRows] AS [t0] WHERE NOT (EXISTS( SELECT NULL AS [EMPTY] FROM [dbo].[ReceivedUpdatedRows] AS [t1] WHERE ([t1].[StudioId] = @p0) AND ([t1].[UpdatedRowId] = [t0].[Id]) ))',N'@p0 uniqueidentifier',@p0='" + this.studioId.ToString() + "'; and exec sp_executesql N'INSERT INTO HQ.dbo.ReceivedUpdatedRows ([UpdatedRowId], [StudioId], [ReceiveDateTime]) SELECT [t0].[UpdatedRowId], @p0, GETDATE() FROM [dbo].[SynchronizingRows] AS [t0] WHERE ([t0].[StudioId] = @p0)',N'@p0 uniqueidentifier',@p0='" + this.studioId.ToString() + "'; The basic logic of my (client-server) application is this: Every time someone inserts or updates a row on the server side, I also insert a row into the table UpdatedRows, specifying the RowId of the modified row. When a client tries to synchronize data, it first copies all of the rows in the UpdatedRows table, that don't contain a reference row for the specific client in the table ReceivedUpdatedRows, to the table SynchronizingRows (the first statement taking part in the deadlock). Afterwards, during the synchronization I look for modified rows via lookup of the SynchronizingRows table. This step is required, otherwise if someone inserts new rows or modifies rows on the server side during synchronization I will miss them and won't get them during the next synchronization (explanation scenario to long to write here...). Once synchronization is complete, I insert rows to the ReceivedUpdatedRows table specifying that this client has received the UpdatedRows contained in the SynchronizingRows table (the second statement taking part in the deadlock). Finally I delete all rows from the SynchronizingRows table that belong to the current client. The way I see it, the deadlock is occuring on tables SynchronizingRows (abbreviation SR) and ReceivedUpdatedRows (abbreviation RUR) during steps 2 and 3 (one client is in step 2 and is inserting into SR and selecting from RUR; while another client is in step 3 inserting into RUR and selecting from SR). I googled a bit about SQL deadlocks and came to a conclusion that I have three options. Inorder to make a decision I need more input about each option/workaround: Workaround 1: The first advice given on the web about SQL deadlocks - restructure tables/queries so that deadlocks don't happen in the first place. Only problem with this is that with my IQ I don't see a way to do the synchronization logic any differently. If someone wishes to dwelve deeper into my current synchronization logic, how and why it is set up the way it is, I'll post a link for the explanation. Perhaps, with the help of someone smarter than me, it's possible to create a logic that is deadlock free. Workaround 2: The second most common advice seems to be the use of WITH(NOLOCK) hint. The problem with this is that NOLOCK might miss or duplicate some rows. Duplication is not a problem, but missing rows is catastrophic! Another option is the WITH(READPAST) hint. On the face of it, this seems to be a perfect solution. I really don't care about rows that other clients are inserting/modifying, because each row belongs only to a specific client, so I may very well skip locked rows. But the MSDN documentaion makes me a bit worried - "When READPAST is specified, both row-level and page-level locks are skipped". As I said, row-level locks would not be a problem, but page-level locks may very well be, since a page might contain rows that belong to multiple clients (including the current one). While there are lots of blog posts specifically mentioning that NOLOCK might miss rows, there seems to be none about READPAST (never) missing rows. This makes me skeptical and nervous to implement it, since there is no easy way to test it (implementing would be a piece of cake, just pop WITH(READPAST) into both statements SELECT clause and job done). Can someone confirm whether the READPAST hint can miss rows? Workaround 3: The final option is to use ALLOW_SNAPSHOT_ISOLATION and READ_COMMITED_SNAPSHOT. This would seem to be the only option to work 100% - at least I can't find any information that would contradict with it. But it is a little bit trickier to setup (I don't care much about the performance hit), because I'm using LINQ. Off the top of my head I probably need to manually open a SQL connection and pass it to the LINQ2SQL DataContext, etc... I haven't looked into the specifics very deeply. Mostly I would prefer option 2 if somone could only reassure me that READPAST will never miss rows concerning the current client (as I said before, each client has and only ever deals with it's own set of rows). Otherwise I'll likely have to implement option 3, since option 1 is probably impossible... I'll post the table definitions for the three tables as well, just in case: CREATE TABLE [dbo].[UpdatedRows]( [Id] [uniqueidentifier] NOT NULL ROWGUIDCOL DEFAULT NEWSEQUENTIALID() PRIMARY KEY CLUSTERED, [RowId] [uniqueidentifier] NOT NULL, [UpdateDateTime] [datetime] NOT NULL, ) ON [PRIMARY] GO CREATE NONCLUSTERED INDEX IX_RowId ON dbo.UpdatedRows ([RowId] ASC) WITH (STATISTICS_NORECOMPUTE = OFF, IGNORE_DUP_KEY = OFF, ALLOW_ROW_LOCKS = ON, ALLOW_PAGE_LOCKS = ON) ON [PRIMARY] GO CREATE TABLE [dbo].[ReceivedUpdatedRows]( [Id] [uniqueidentifier] NOT NULL ROWGUIDCOL DEFAULT NEWSEQUENTIALID() PRIMARY KEY NONCLUSTERED, [UpdatedRowId] [uniqueidentifier] NOT NULL REFERENCES [dbo].[UpdatedRows] ([Id]), [StudioId] [uniqueidentifier] NOT NULL REFERENCES, [ReceiveDateTime] [datetime] NOT NULL, ) ON [PRIMARY] GO CREATE CLUSTERED INDEX IX_Studios ON dbo.ReceivedUpdatedRows ([StudioId] ASC) WITH (STATISTICS_NORECOMPUTE = OFF, IGNORE_DUP_KEY = OFF, ALLOW_ROW_LOCKS = ON, ALLOW_PAGE_LOCKS = ON) ON [PRIMARY] GO CREATE TABLE [dbo].[SynchronizingRows]( [StudioId] [uniqueidentifier] NOT NULL [UpdatedRowId] [uniqueidentifier] NOT NULL REFERENCES [dbo].[UpdatedRows] ([Id]) PRIMARY KEY CLUSTERED ([StudioId], [UpdatedRowId]) ) ON [PRIMARY] GO PS! Studio = Client. PS2! I just noticed that the index definitions have ALLOW_PAGE_LOCK=ON. If I would turn it off, would that make any difference to READPAST? Are there any negative downsides for turning it off?

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• Trace Flag 610 – When should you use it?

  - by simonsabin

  Thanks to Marcel van der Holst for providing this great information on the use of Trace Flag 610. This trace flag can be used to have minimal logging into a b tree (i.e. clustered table or an index on a heap) that already has data. It is a trace flag because in testing they found some scenarios where it didn’t perform as well. Marcel explains why below. “ TF610 can be used to get minimal logging in a non-empty B-Tree. The idea is that when you insert a large amount of data, you don't want to...(read more)

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• SQL SERVER – Solution – Puzzle – Statistics are not Updated but are Created Once

  - by pinaldave

  Earlier I asked puzzle why statistics are not updated. Read the complete details over here: Statistics are not Updated but are Created Once In the question I have demonstrated even though statistics should have been updated after lots of insert in the table are not updated.(Read the details SQL SERVER – When are Statistics Updated – What triggers Statistics to Update) In this example I have created following situation: Create Table Insert 1000 Records Check the Statistics Now insert 10 times more 10,000 indexes Check the Statistics – it will be NOT updated Auto Update Statistics and Auto Create Statistics for database is TRUE Now I have requested two things in the example 1) Why this is happening? 2) How to fix this issue? I have many answers – here is the how I fixed it which has resolved the issue for me. NOTE: There are multiple answers to this problem and I will do my best to list all. Solution: Create nonclustered Index on column City Here is the working example for the same. Let us understand this script and there is added explanation at the end. -- Execution Plans Difference -- Estimated Execution Plan Vs Actual Execution Plan -- Create Sample Database CREATE DATABASE SampleDB GO USE SampleDB GO -- Create Table CREATE TABLE ExecTable (ID INT, FirstName VARCHAR(100), LastName VARCHAR(100), City VARCHAR(100)) GO CREATE NONCLUSTERED INDEX IX_ExecTable1 ON ExecTable (City); GO -- Insert One Thousand Records -- INSERT 1 INSERT INTO ExecTable (ID,FirstName,LastName,City) SELECT TOP 1000 ROW_NUMBER() OVER (ORDER BY a.name) RowID, 'Bob', CASE WHEN  ROW_NUMBER() OVER (ORDER BY a.name)%2 = 1 THEN 'Smith' ELSE 'Brown' END, CASE WHEN ROW_NUMBER() OVER (ORDER BY a.name)%20 = 1 THEN 'New York' WHEN  ROW_NUMBER() OVER (ORDER BY a.name)%20 = 5 THEN 'San Marino' WHEN  ROW_NUMBER() OVER (ORDER BY a.name)%20 = 3 THEN 'Los Angeles' WHEN  ROW_NUMBER() OVER (ORDER BY a.name)%20 = 7 THEN 'La Cinega' WHEN  ROW_NUMBER() OVER (ORDER BY a.name)%20 = 13 THEN 'San Diego' WHEN  ROW_NUMBER() OVER (ORDER BY a.name)%20 = 17 THEN 'Las Vegas' ELSE 'Houston' END FROM sys.all_objects a CROSS JOIN sys.all_objects b GO -- Display statistics of the table sp_helpstats N'ExecTable', 'ALL' GO -- Select Statement SELECT FirstName, LastName, City FROM ExecTable WHERE City  = 'New York' GO -- Display statistics of the table sp_helpstats N'ExecTable', 'ALL' GO -- Replace your Statistics over here DBCC SHOW_STATISTICS('ExecTable', IX_ExecTable1); GO -------------------------------------------------------------- -- Round 2 -- Insert One Thousand Records -- INSERT 2 INSERT INTO ExecTable (ID,FirstName,LastName,City) SELECT TOP 1000 ROW_NUMBER() OVER (ORDER BY a.name) RowID, 'Bob', CASE WHEN  ROW_NUMBER() OVER (ORDER BY a.name)%2 = 1 THEN 'Smith' ELSE 'Brown' END, CASE WHEN ROW_NUMBER() OVER (ORDER BY a.name)%20 = 1 THEN 'New York' WHEN  ROW_NUMBER() OVER (ORDER BY a.name)%20 = 5 THEN 'San Marino' WHEN  ROW_NUMBER() OVER (ORDER BY a.name)%20 = 3 THEN 'Los Angeles' WHEN  ROW_NUMBER() OVER (ORDER BY a.name)%20 = 7 THEN 'La Cinega' WHEN  ROW_NUMBER() OVER (ORDER BY a.name)%20 = 13 THEN 'San Diego' WHEN  ROW_NUMBER() OVER (ORDER BY a.name)%20 = 17 THEN 'Las Vegas' ELSE 'Houston' END FROM sys.all_objects a CROSS JOIN sys.all_objects b GO -- Select Statement SELECT FirstName, LastName, City FROM ExecTable WHERE City  = 'New York' GO -- Display statistics of the table sp_helpstats N'ExecTable', 'ALL' GO -- Replace your Statistics over here DBCC SHOW_STATISTICS('ExecTable', IX_ExecTable1); GO -- Clean up Database DROP TABLE ExecTable GO When I created non clustered index on the column city, it also created statistics on the same column with same name as index. When we populate the data in the column the index is update – resulting execution plan to be invalided – this leads to the statistics to be updated in next execution of SELECT. This behavior does not happen on Heap or column where index is auto created. If you explicitly update the index, often you can see the statistics are updated as well. You can see this is for sure happening if you follow the tell of John Sansom. John Sansom‘s suggestion: That was fun! Although the column statistics are invalidated by the time the second select statement is executed, the query is not compiled/recompiled but instead the existing query plan is reused. It is the “next” compiled query against the column statistics that will see that they are out of date and will then in turn instantiate the action of updating statistics. You can see this in action by forcing the second statement to recompile. SELECT FirstName, LastName, City FROM ExecTable WHERE City = ‘New York’ option(RECOMPILE) GO Kevin Cross also have another suggestion: I agree with John. It is reusing the Execution Plan. Aside from OPTION(RECOMPILE), clearing the Execution Plan Cache before the subsequent tests will also work. i.e., run this before round 2: ————————————————————– – Clear execution plan cache before next test DBCC FREEPROCCACHE WITH NO_INFOMSGS; ————————————————————– Nice puzzle! Kevin As this was puzzle John and Kevin both got the correct answer, there was no condition for answer to be part of best practices. I know John and he is finest DBA around – his tremendous knowledge has always impressed me. John and Kevin both will agree that clearing cache either using DBCC FREEPROCCACHE and recompiling each query every time is for sure not good advice on production server. It is correct answer but not best practice. By the way, if you have better solution or have better suggestion please advise. I am open to change my answer and publish further improvement to this solution. On very separate note, I like to have clustered index on my Primary Key, which I have not mentioned here as it is out of the scope of this puzzle. Reference: Pinal Dave (http://blog.SQLAuthority.com) Filed under: Pinal Dave, PostADay, Readers Contribution, Readers Question, SQL, SQL Authority, SQL Index, SQL Puzzle, SQL Query, SQL Scripts, SQL Server, SQL Tips and Tricks, T SQL, Technology Tagged: Statistics

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• SQL SERVER – Weekly Series – Memory Lane – #005

  - by pinaldave

  Here is the list of curetted articles of SQLAuthority.com across all these years. Instead of just listing all the articles I have selected a few of my most favorite articles and have listed them here with additional notes below it. Let me know which one of the following is your favorite article from memory lane. 2006 SQL SERVER – Cursor to Kill All Process in Database I indeed wrote this cursor and when I often look back, I wonder how naive I was to write this. The reason for writing this cursor was to free up my database from any existing connection so I can do database operation. This worked fine but there can be a potentially big issue if there was any important transaction was killed by this process. There is another way to to achieve the same thing where we can use ALTER syntax to take database in single user mode. Read more about that over here and here. 2007 Rules of Third Normal Form and Normalization Advantage – 3NF The rules of 3NF are mentioned here Make a separate table for each set of related attributes, and give each table a primary key. If an attribute depends on only part of a multi-valued key, remove it to a separate table If attributes do not contribute to a description of the key, remove them to a separate table. Correct Syntax for Stored Procedure SP Sometime a simple question is the most important question. I often see in industry incorrectly written Stored Procedure. Few writes code after the most outer BEGIN…END and few writes code after the GO Statement. In this brief blog post, I have attempted to explain the same. 2008 Switch Between Result Pan and Query Pan – SQL Shortcut Many times when I am writing query I have to scroll the result displayed in the result set. Most of the developer uses the mouse to switch between and Query Pane and Result Pane. There are few developers who are crazy about Keyboard shortcuts. F6 is the keyword which can be used to switch between query pane and tabs of the result pane. Interesting Observation – Use of Index and Execution Plan Query Optimization is a complex game and it has its own rules. From the example in the article we have discovered that Query Optimizer does not use clustered index to retrieve data, sometime non clustered index provides optimal performance for retrieving Primary Key. When all the rows and columns are selected Primary Key should be used to select data as it provides optimal performance. 2009 Interesting Observation – TOP 100 PERCENT and ORDER BY If you pull up any application or system where there are more than 100 SQL Server Views are created – I am very confident that at one or two places you will notice the scenario wherein View the ORDER BY clause is used with TOP 100 PERCENT. SQL Server 2008 VIEW with ORDER BY clause does not throw an error; moreover, it does not acknowledge the presence of it as well. In this article we have taken three perfect examples and demonstrated which clause we should use when. Comma Separated Values (CSV) from Table Column A Very common question – How to create comma separated values from a table in the database? The answer is also very common if we use XML. Check out this article for quick learning on the same subject. Azure Start Guide – Step by Step Installation Guide Though Azure portal has changed a quite bit since I wrote this article, the concept used in this article are not old. They are still valid and many of the functions are still working as mentioned in the article. I believe this one article will put you on the track to use Azure! Size of Index Table for Each Index – Solution Earlier I have posted a small question on this blog and requested help from readers to participate here and provide a solution. The puzzle was to write a query that will return the size for each index that is on any particular table. We need a query that will return an additional column in the above listed query and it should contain the size of the index. This article presents two of the best solutions from the puzzle. 2010 Well, this week in 2010 was the week of puzzles as I posted three interesting puzzles. Till today I am noticing pretty good interesting in the puzzles. They are tricky but for sure brings a great value if you are a database developer for a long time. I suggest you go over this puzzles and their answers. Did you really know all of the answers? I am confident that reading following three blog post will for sure help you enhance the experience with T-SQL. SQL SERVER – Challenge – Puzzle – Usage of FAST Hint SQL SERVER – Puzzle – Challenge – Error While Converting Money to Decimal SQL SERVER – Challenge – Puzzle – Why does RIGHT JOIN Exists 2011 DVM sys.dm_os_sys_info Column Name Changed in SQL Server 2012 Have you ever faced a situation where something does not work? When you try to fix it - you enjoy fixing it and started to appreciate the breaking changes. Well, this was exactly I felt yesterday. Before I begin my story, I want to candidly state that I do not encourage anybody to use * in the SELECT statement. Now the disclaimer is over – I suggest you read the original story – you will love it! Get Directory Structure using Extended Stored Procedure xp_dirtree Here is the question to you – why would you do something in SQL Server where you can do the same task in command prompt much easily. Well, the answer is sometime there are real use cases when we have to do such thing. This is a similar example where I have demonstrated how in SQL Server 2012 we can use extended stored procedure to retrieve directory structure. Reference: Pinal Dave (http://blog.sqlauthority.com) Filed under: Memory Lane, PostADay, SQL, SQL Authority, SQL Query, SQL Server, SQL Tips and Tricks, T SQL, Technology

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• SQL SERVER – Fundamentals of Columnstore Index

  - by pinaldave

  There are two kind of storage in database. Row Store and Column Store. Row store does exactly as the name suggests – stores rows of data on a page – and column store stores all the data in a column on the same page. These columns are much easier to search – instead of a query searching all the data in an entire row whether the data is relevant or not, column store queries need only to search much lesser number of the columns. This means major increases in search speed and hard drive use. Additionally, the column store indexes are heavily compressed, which translates to even greater memory and faster searches. I am sure this looks very exciting and it does not mean that you convert every single index from row store to column store index. One has to understand the proper places where to use row store or column store indexes. Let us understand in this article what is the difference in Columnstore type of index. Column store indexes are run by Microsoft’s VertiPaq technology. However, all you really need to know is that this method of storing data is columns on a single page is much faster and more efficient. Creating a column store index is very easy, and you don’t have to learn new syntax to create them. You just need to specify the keyword “COLUMNSTORE” and enter the data as you normally would. Keep in mind that once you add a column store to a table, though, you cannot delete, insert or update the data – it is READ ONLY. However, since column store will be mainly used for data warehousing, this should not be a big problem. You can always use partitioning to avoid rebuilding the index. A columnstore index stores each column in a separate set of disk pages, rather than storing multiple rows per page as data traditionally has been stored. The difference between column store and row store approaches is illustrated below: In case of the row store indexes multiple pages will contain multiple rows of the columns spanning across multiple pages. In case of column store indexes multiple pages will contain multiple single columns. This will lead only the columns needed to solve a query will be fetched from disk. Additionally there is good chance that there will be redundant data in a single column which will further help to compress the data, this will have positive effect on buffer hit rate as most of the data will be in memory and due to same it will not need to be retrieved. Let us see small example of how columnstore index improves the performance of the query on a large table. As a first step let us create databaseset which is large enough to show performance impact of columnstore index. The time taken to create sample database may vary on different computer based on the resources. USE AdventureWorks GO -- Create New Table CREATE TABLE [dbo].[MySalesOrderDetail]( [SalesOrderID] [int] NOT NULL, [SalesOrderDetailID] [int] NOT NULL, [CarrierTrackingNumber] [nvarchar](25) NULL, [OrderQty] [smallint] NOT NULL, [ProductID] [int] NOT NULL, [SpecialOfferID] [int] NOT NULL, [UnitPrice] [money] NOT NULL, [UnitPriceDiscount] [money] NOT NULL, [LineTotal] [numeric](38, 6) NOT NULL, [rowguid] [uniqueidentifier] NOT NULL, [ModifiedDate] [datetime] NOT NULL ) ON [PRIMARY] GO -- Create clustered index CREATE CLUSTERED INDEX [CL_MySalesOrderDetail] ON [dbo].[MySalesOrderDetail] ( [SalesOrderDetailID]) GO -- Create Sample Data Table -- WARNING: This Query may run upto 2-10 minutes based on your systems resources INSERT INTO [dbo].[MySalesOrderDetail] SELECT S1.* FROM Sales.SalesOrderDetail S1 GO 100 Now let us do quick performance test. I have kept STATISTICS IO ON for measuring how much IO following queries take. In my test first I will run query which will use regular index. We will note the IO usage of the query. After that we will create columnstore index and will measure the IO of the same. -- Performance Test -- Comparing Regular Index with ColumnStore Index USE AdventureWorks GO SET STATISTICS IO ON GO -- Select Table with regular Index SELECT ProductID, SUM(UnitPrice) SumUnitPrice, AVG(UnitPrice) AvgUnitPrice, SUM(OrderQty) SumOrderQty, AVG(OrderQty) AvgOrderQty FROM [dbo].[MySalesOrderDetail] GROUP BY ProductID ORDER BY ProductID GO -- Table 'MySalesOrderDetail'. Scan count 1, logical reads 342261, physical reads 0, read-ahead reads 0. -- Create ColumnStore Index CREATE NONCLUSTERED COLUMNSTORE INDEX [IX_MySalesOrderDetail_ColumnStore] ON [MySalesOrderDetail] (UnitPrice, OrderQty, ProductID) GO -- Select Table with Columnstore Index SELECT ProductID, SUM(UnitPrice) SumUnitPrice, AVG(UnitPrice) AvgUnitPrice, SUM(OrderQty) SumOrderQty, AVG(OrderQty) AvgOrderQty FROM [dbo].[MySalesOrderDetail] GROUP BY ProductID ORDER BY ProductID GO It is very clear from the results that query is performance extremely fast after creating ColumnStore Index. The amount of the pages it has to read to run query is drastically reduced as the column which are needed in the query are stored in the same page and query does not have to go through every single page to read those columns. If we enable execution plan and compare we can see that column store index performance way better than regular index in this case. Let us clean up the database. -- Cleanup DROP INDEX [IX_MySalesOrderDetail_ColumnStore] ON [dbo].[MySalesOrderDetail] GO TRUNCATE TABLE dbo.MySalesOrderDetail GO DROP TABLE dbo.MySalesOrderDetail GO In future posts we will see cases where Columnstore index is not appropriate solution as well few other tricks and tips of the columnstore index. Reference: Pinal Dave (http://blog.SQLAuthority.com) Filed under: Pinal Dave, PostADay, SQL, SQL Authority, SQL Index, SQL Optimization, SQL Performance, SQL Query, SQL Scripts, SQL Server, SQL Tips and Tricks, T SQL, Technology

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• Oracle Linux and Oracle VM pricing guide

  - by wcoekaer

  A few days ago someone showed me a pricing guide from a Linux vendor and I was a bit surprised at the complexity of it. Especially when you look at larger servers (4 or 8 sockets) and when adding virtual machine use into the mix. I think we have a very compelling and simple pricing model for both Oracle Linux and Oracle VM. Let me see if I can explain it in 1 page, not 10 pages. This pricing information is publicly available on the Oracle store, I am using the current public list prices. Also keep in mind that this is for customers using non-oracle x86 servers. When a customer purchases an Oracle x86 server, the annual systems support includes full use (all you can eat) of Oracle Linux, Oracle VM and Oracle Solaris (no matter how many VMs you run on that server, in case you deploy guests on a hypervisor). This support level is the equivalent of premier support in the list below. Let's start with Oracle VM (x86) : Oracle VM support subscriptions are per physical server on which you deploy the Oracle VM Server product. (1) Oracle VM Premier Limited - 1- or 2 socket server : $599 per server per year (2) Oracle VM Premier - more than 2 socket server (4, or 8 or whatever more) : $1199 per server per year The above includes the use of Oracle VM Manager and Oracle Enterprise Manager Cloud Control's Virtualization management pack (including self service cloud portal, etc..) 24x7 support, access to bugfixes, updates and new releases. It also includes all options, live migrate, dynamic resource scheduling, high availability, dynamic power management, etc If you want to play with the product, or even use the product without access to support services, the product is freely downloadable from edelivery. Next, Oracle Linux : Oracle Linux support subscriptions are per physical server. If you plan to run Oracle Linux as a guest on Oracle VM, VMWare or Hyper-v, you only have to pay for a single subscription per system, we do not charge per guest or per number of guests. In other words, you can run any number of Oracle Linux guests per physical server and count it as just a single subscription. (1) Oracle Linux Network Support - any number of sockets per server : $119 per server per year Network support does not offer support services. It provides access to the Unbreakable Linux Network and also offers full indemnification for Oracle Linux. (2) Oracle Linux Basic Limited Support - 1- or 2 socket servers : $499 per server per year This subscription provides 24x7 support services, access to the Unbreakable Linux Network and the Oracle Support portal, indemnification, use of Oracle Clusterware for Linux HA and use of Oracle Enterprise Manager Cloud control for Linux OS management. It includes ocfs2 as a clustered filesystem. (3) Oracle Linux Basic Support - more than 2 socket server (4, or 8 or more) : $1199 per server per year This subscription provides 24x7 support services, access to the Unbreakable Linux Network and the Oracle Support portal, indemnification, use of Oracle Clusterware for Linux HA and use of Oracle Enterprise Manager Cloud control for Linux OS management. It includes ocfs2 as a clustered filesystem (4) Oracle Linux Premier Limited Support - 1- or 2 socket servers : $1399 per server per year This subscription provides 24x7 support services, access to the Unbreakable Linux Network and the Oracle Support portal, indemnification, use of Oracle Clusterware for Linux HA and use of Oracle Enterprise Manager Cloud control for Linux OS management, XFS filesystem support. It also offers Oracle Lifetime support, backporting of patches for critical customers in previous versions of package and ksplice zero-downtime updates. (5) Oracle Linux Premier Support - more than 2 socket servers : $2299 per server per year This subscription provides 24x7 support services, access to the Unbreakable Linux Network and the Oracle Support portal, indemnification, use of Oracle Clusterware for Linux HA and use of Oracle Enterprise Manager Cloud control for Linux OS management, XFS filesystem support. It also offers Oracle Lifetime support, backporting of patches for critical customers in previous versions of package and ksplice zero-downtime updates. (6) Freely available Oracle Linux - any number of sockets You can freely download Oracle Linux, install it on any number of servers and use it for any reason, without support, without right to use of these extra features like Oracle Clusterware or ksplice, without indemnification. However, you do have full access to all errata as well. Need support? then use options (1)..(5) So that's it. Count number of 2 socket boxes, more than 2 socket boxes, decide on basic or premier support level and you are done. You don't have to worry about different levels based on how many virtual instance you deploy or want to deploy. A very simple menu of choices. We offer, inclusive, Linux OS clusterware, Linux OS Management, provisioning and monitoring, cluster filesystem (ocfs), high performance filesystem (xfs), dtrace, ksplice, ofed (infiniband stack for high performance networking). No separate add-on menus. NOTE : socket/cpu can have any number of cores. So whether you have a 4,6,8,10 or 12 core CPU doesn't matter, we count the number of physical CPUs.

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• Oracle saves with Oracle Database 11g and Advanced Compression

  - by jenny.gelhausen

  Oracle Corporation runs a centralized eBusiness Suite system on Oracle Database 11g for all its employees around the globe. This clustered Global Single Instance (GSI) has scaled seamlessly with many acquisitions over the years, doubling the number of employees since 2001 and supporting around 100,000 employees today, 24 hours a day, 7 days a week around the world. In this podcast, you'll hear from Raji Mani, IT Director for Oracle's PDIT Group, on how Oracle Database 11g and Advanced Compression is helping to save big on storage costs. var gaJsHost = (("https:" == document.location.protocol) ? "https://ssl." : "http://www."); document.write(unescape("%3Cscript src='" + gaJsHost + "google-analytics.com/ga.js' type='text/javascript'%3E%3C/script%3E")); try { var pageTracker = _gat._getTracker("UA-13185312-1"); pageTracker._trackPageview(); } catch(err) {}

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• Migrating from GlassFish 2.x to 3.1.x

  - by alexismp

  With clustering now available in GlassFish since version 3.1 (our Spring 2011 release), a good number of folks have been looking at migrating their existing GlassFish 2.x-based clustered environments to a more recent version to take advantage of Java EE 6, our modular design, improved SSH-based provisioning and enhanced HA performance. The GlassFish documentation set is quite extensive and has a dedicated Upgrade Guide. It obviously lists a number of small changes such as file layout on disk (mostly due to modularity), some option changes (grizzly, shoal), the removal of node agents (using SSH instead), new JPA default provider name, etc... There is even a migration tool (glassfish/bin/asupgrade) to upgrade existing domains. But really the only thing you need to know is that each module in GlassFish 3 and beyond is responsible for doing its part of the upgrade job which means that the migration is as simple as copying a 2.x domain directory to the domains/ directory and starting the server with asadmin start-domain --upgrade. Binary-compatible products eligible for such upgrades include Sun Java System Application Server 9.1 Update 2 as well as version 2.1 and 2.1.1 of Sun GlassFish Enterprise Server.

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• Live Webcast: Private Cloud Database Consolidation with Oracle Exadata

  - by kimberly.billings

  Thursday, January 20th, 2011 at 9:00 am PT In this webcast, you'll learn how Oracle Exadata, Oracle Database 11g, and Oracle Real Application Clusters enable you to consolidate multiple applications on clustered server and storage pools to achieve extreme performance and lower your IT costs. You'll also learn how to maximize the efficiencies of private clouds, including: • Multitenancy • Rapid provisioning • Pay-for-use infrastructure Join us for this live Webcast and discover how Oracle Exadata delivers key cloud capabilities, providing elastic database services that can be quickly provisioned on demand. Register today! To learn more about how customers are consolidating on private clouds with Exadata, watch this video about how Commonwealth Bank of Australia consolidated multiple database services, including OLTP applications such as PeopleSoft Financials, onto an Exadata platform for improved performance and resilience and faster time-to-market.

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• Joining on NULLs

  - by Dave Ballantyne

  A problem I see on a fairly regular basis is that of dealing with NULL values.  Specifically here, where we are joining two tables on two columns, one of which is ‘optional’ ie is nullable.  So something like this: i.e. Lookup where all the columns are equal, even when NULL.   NULL’s are a tricky thing to initially wrap your mind around.  Statements like “NULL is not equal to NULL and neither is it not not equal to NULL, it’s NULL” can cause a serious brain freeze and leave you a gibbering wreck and needing your mummy. Before we plod on, time to setup some data to demo against. Create table #SourceTable ( Id integer not null, SubId integer null, AnotherCol char(255) not null ) go create unique clustered index idxSourceTable on #SourceTable(id,subID) go with cteNums as ( select top(1000) number from master..spt_values where type ='P' ) insert into #SourceTable select Num1.number,nullif(Num2.number,0),'SomeJunk' from cteNums num1 cross join cteNums num2 go Create table #LookupTable ( Id integer not null, SubID integer null ) go insert into #LookupTable Select top(100) id,subid from #SourceTable where subid is not null order by newid() go insert into #LookupTable Select top(3) id,subid from #SourceTable where subid is null order by newid() If that has run correctly, you will have 1 million rows in #SourceTable and 103 rows in #LookupTable.  We now want to join one to the other. First attempt – Lets just join select * from #SourceTable join #LookupTable on #LookupTable.id = #SourceTable.id and #LookupTable.SubID = #SourceTable.SubID OK, that’s a fail.  We had 100 rows back,  we didn’t correctly account for the 3 rows that have null values.  Remember NULL <> NULL and the join clause specifies SUBID=SUBID, which for those rows is not true. Second attempt – Lets deal with those pesky NULLS select * from #SourceTable join #LookupTable on #LookupTable.id = #SourceTable.id and isnull(#LookupTable.SubID,0) = isnull(#SourceTable.SubID,0) OK, that’s the right result, well done and 99.9% of the time that is where its left. It is a relatively trivial CPU overhead to wrap ISNULL around both columns and compare that result, so no problems.  But, although that’s true, this a relational database we are using here, not a procedural language.  SQL is a declarative language, we are making a request to the engine to get the results we want.  How we ask for them can make a ton of difference. Lets look at the plan for our second attempt, specifically the clustered index seek on the #SourceTable   There are 2 predicates. The ‘seek predicate’ and ‘predicate’.  The ‘seek predicate’ describes how SQLServer has been able to use an Index.  Here, it has been able to navigate the index to resolve where ID=ID.  So far so good, but what about the ‘predicate’ (aka residual probe) ? This is a row-by-row operation.  For each row found in the index matching the Seek Predicate, the leaf level nodes have been scanned and tested using this logical condition.  In this example [Expr1007] is the result of the IsNull operation on #LookupTable and that is tested for equality with the IsNull operation on #SourceTable.  This residual probe is quite a high overhead, if we can express our statement slightly differently to take full advantage of the index and make the test part of the ‘Seek Predicate’. Third attempt – X is null and Y is null So, lets state the query in a slightly manner: select * from #SourceTable join #LookupTable on #LookupTable.id = #SourceTable.id and ( #LookupTable.SubID = #SourceTable.SubID or (#LookupTable.SubID is null and #SourceTable.SubId is null) ) So its slightly wordier and may not be as clear in its intent to the human reader, that is what comments are for, but the key point is that it is now clearer to the query optimizer what our intention is. Let look at the plan for that query, again specifically the index seek operation on #SourceTable No ‘predicate’, just a ‘Seek Predicate’ against the index to resolve both ID and SubID.  A subtle difference that can be easily overlooked.  But has it made a difference to the performance ? Well, yes , a perhaps surprisingly high one. Clever query optimizer well done. If you are using a scalar function on a column, you a pretty much guaranteeing that a residual probe will be used.  By re-wording the query you may well be able to avoid this and use the index completely to resolve lookups. In-terms of performance and scalability your system will be in a much better position if you can.

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• Custom .NET apps and clustering

  - by Ahmed ilyas

  So for a clustered environment - how would this work with your apps? what about your own custom .NET apps? Would there be a special way to develop them? I know that you can say create a simple Hello world app, and cluster that but they wouldnt be something you could see interms of the UI or anything, so they would effectively need to be developed as a Windows Service perhaps or even as a standard Console app which runs and not wait for user input but you wouldnt see any output from it (unless you redirect output to somewhere else) What im getting at here is... for those who have experience or developed a cluster application in .NET, how did you do it and what are the things to be aware of? For example we have the cloud service - fundamentally its built on clustering - if there is an outage, another node takes place and service is resumed as normal but we dont really see much of that downtime.

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• Using PhysX, how can I predict where I will need to generate procedural terrain collision shapes?

  - by Sion Sheevok

  In this situation, I have terrain height values I generate procedurally. For rendering, I use the camera's position to generate an appropriate sized height map. For collision, however, I need to have height fields generated in areas where objects may intersect. My current potential solution, which may be naive, is to iterate over all "awake" physics actors, use their bounds/extents and velocities to generate spheres in which they may reside after a physics update, then generate height values for ranges encompassing clustered groups of actors. Much of that data is likely already calculated by PhysX already, however. Is there some API, maybe a set of queries, even callbacks from the spatial system, that I could use to predict where terrain height values will be needed?

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• Multiple copies of JBoss acting as one? [migrated]

  - by scphantm

  I have a few ideas how to solve the problem, but one question about jboss clustering. Please, keep in mind these applications were written very poorly, that is why they require so much memory and there is nothing i can do about that right now. So, I have clustered applications on Jboss where the application was small enough to run on one box. Meaning that one machine could handle the load. But, the current problem is that i have been asked to run several systems on the same environment. Our machines are virtuals and due to limited hardware, are restricted to 8 GB RAM, which gives jboss about 7GB to itself. Unfortunately, that isn't enough to run the group of applications. Im constantly getting heap errors and crashes. If i cluster 2 or 3 jboss instances together, can i run applications that consume more resources than a single box can handle?

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• Undo Table Partitioning - SQL Server 2008

  - by Binder

  I have a table 'X' and did the following CREATE PARTITION FUNCTION PF1(INT) AS RANGE LEFT FOR VALUES (1, 2, 3, 4) CREATE PARTITION SCHEME PS1 AS PARTITION PF1 ALL TO ([PRIMARY]) CREATE CLUSTERED INDEX CIDX_X ON X(col1) ON PS1(col1) this 3 steps created 4 logical partitions of the data I had. My question is, how do i revert this partitioning to its original state ?

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• Sharing transactions between web applications, which run in the same cluster

  - by pihentagy

  We (will) have the following architecture: Base.war will be a self-contained spring-hibernate application All applications will run under Glassfish, and may be clustered E1.war will sit on top of Base.war, extending it's functionality There could be further extensions (E2.war, E3.war, …) sitting on top of Base.war Either wars could start a transaction, and transactions could span between wars Without shutting down Base.war, or any other Ex.war, it should be possible to upgrade an Ey.war Is there a solution for this with spring-hibernate-glassfish environment?

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• Cannot create a row of size 8074 which is greater than the allowable maximum row size of 8060.

  - by Lieven Cardoen

  I have already asked a question about this, but the problems keeps on hitting me ;-) I have two tables that are identical. I want to add a xml column. In the first table this is no problem, but in the second table I get the sqlException (title). However, apart from the data in it, they are the same. So, can I get the sqlException because of data in the table? I have also tried to store the field off page with EXEC sp_tableoption 'dbo.PackageSessionNodesFinished', 'large value types out of row', 1 but without any succes. The same SqlException keeps coming. First table: PackageSessionNodes CREATE TABLE [dbo].[PackageSessionNodes]( [PackageSessionNodeId] [int] IDENTITY(1,1) NOT NULL, [PackageSessionId] [int] NOT NULL, [TreeNodeId] [int] NOT NULL, [Duration] [int] NULL, [Score] [float] NOT NULL, [ScoreMax] [float] NOT NULL, [Interactions] [xml] NOT NULL, [BrainTeaser] [bit] NULL, [DateCreated] [datetime] NULL, [CompletionStatus] [int] NOT NULL, [ReducedScore] [float] NOT NULL, [ReducedScoreMax] [float] NOT NULL, [ContentInteractions] [xml] NOT NULL, CONSTRAINT [PK_PackageSessionNodes] PRIMARY KEY CLUSTERED ( [PackageSessionNodeId] ASC )WITH (PAD_INDEX = OFF, STATISTICS_NORECOMPUTE = OFF, IGNORE_DUP_KEY = OFF, ALLOW_ROW_LOCKS = ON, ALLOW_PAGE_LOCKS = ON) ON [PRIMARY] ) ON [PRIMARY] Second table: PackageSessionNodesFinished CREATE TABLE [dbo].[PackageSessionNodesFinished]( [PackageSessionNodeFinishedId] [int] IDENTITY(1,1) NOT NULL, [PackageSessionId] [int] NOT NULL, [TreeNodeId] [int] NOT NULL, [Duration] [int] NULL, [Score] [float] NOT NULL, [ScoreMax] [float] NOT NULL, [Interactions] [xml] NOT NULL, [BrainTeaser] [bit] NULL, [DateCreated] [datetime] NULL, [CompletionStatus] [int] NOT NULL, [ReducedScore] [float] NOT NULL, [ReducedScoreMax] [float] NOT NULL, [ContentInteractions] [xml] NULL, CONSTRAINT [PK_PackageSessionNodesFinished] PRIMARY KEY CLUSTERED ( [PackageSessionNodeFinishedId] ASC )WITH (PAD_INDEX = OFF, STATISTICS_NORECOMPUTE = OFF, IGNORE_DUP_KEY = OFF, ALLOW_ROW_LOCKS = ON, ALLOW_PAGE_LOCKS = ON) ON [PRIMARY] ) ON [PRIMARY] First script I tried to run (First two ALTER TABLE work fine, the third crashes on SqlException) ALTER TABLE dbo.PackageSessionNodes ADD ContentInteractions xml NOT NULL CONSTRAINT DF_PackageSessionNodes_ContentInteractions DEFAULT (('<contentinteractions/>')); ALTER TABLE dbo.PackageSessionNodes DROP CONSTRAINT DF_PackageSessionNodes_ContentInteractions ALTER TABLE dbo.PackageSessionNodesFinished ADD ContentInteractions xml NOT NULL CONSTRAINT DF_PackageSessionNodesFinished_ContentInteractions DEFAULT (('<contentinteractions/>')); ALTER TABLE dbo.PackageSessionNodesFinished DROP CONSTRAINT DF_PackageSessionNodesFinished_ContentInteractions Second script I tried to run with the same result as previous script: EXEC sp_tableoption 'dbo.PackageSessionNodes', 'large value types out of row', 1 ALTER TABLE dbo.PackageSessionNodes ADD ContentInteractions xml NOT NULL CONSTRAINT DF_PackageSessionNodes_ContentInteractions DEFAULT (('<contentinteractions/>')); ALTER TABLE dbo.PackageSessionNodes DROP CONSTRAINT DF_PackageSessionNodes_ContentInteractions EXEC sp_tableoption 'dbo.PackageSessionNodesFinished', 'large value types out of row', 1 ALTER TABLE dbo.PackageSessionNodesFinished ADD ContentInteractions xml NOT NULL CONSTRAINT DF_PackageSessionNodesFinished_ContentInteractions DEFAULT (('<contentinteractions/>')); ALTER TABLE dbo.PackageSessionNodesFinished DROP CONSTRAINT DF_PackageSessionNodesFinished_ContentInteractions Now, In PackageSessionNodes there are 234 records, in PackageSessionNodesFinished there are 4256946 records. Really would appreciate some help here as I'm stuck.

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• How to get star query optimization in SQL Server 2005

  - by Jan

  I have a star schema but SQL Server 2005 always uses the clustered indexes to access a table. What parameters do I have to set to enable this optimization. According to http://blogs.msdn.com/sqlqueryprocessing/archive/2007/04/09/how-to-check-whether-the-final-query-plan-is-optimized-for-star-join.aspx and the DWH datasheet of SQL Server 2005 both claim, that SQL Server 2005 support this feature.

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• Write-Through Cache

  - by Mubashar Ahmad

  Dear All I am trying to do an C# implementation of Write-through Cache to minimize the read hits on db i need your suggestions, articles or sample codes to fulfill this assignment. Initially this would be use only on one server but will be updated to work in clustered environment. I only able to get a worth reading article on Oracle Site. Please share your views Regards Mubashar

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• in a J2EE application when does a listener get called?

  - by josh

  I have a J2EE app and it has a listener in web.xml. Listener contains a method called contextInitialized I want to know when does contextInitialized actually get called? From my reading I understand that it gets called when deploying the application. Can there be situations/scenario's where it could be called after the application has been deployed? Say that I am in a Clustered GlassFish app server environment. Could it be called after the application has been deployed?

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