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  • Is there any reason to use "container" classes?

    - by Michael
    I realize the term "container" is misleading in this context - if anyone can think of a better term please edit it in. In legacy code I occasionally see classes that are nothing but wrappers for data. something like: class Bottle { int height; int diameter; Cap capType; getters/setters, maybe a constructor } My understanding of OO is that classes are structures for data and the methods of operating on that data. This seems to preclude objects of this type. To me they are nothing more than structs and kind of defeat the purpose of OO. I don't think it's necessarily evil, though it may be a code smell. Is there a case where such objects would be necessary? If this is used often, does it make the design suspect?

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  • I sold my source code to a client, can I now re-build similar code and sell to someone else?

    - by flashhag
    So we built a website and software for a client, charged our fee and handed over the code. The client then got a request from another company about the software. The client passed on the request but said since they owned the code they would need to recieve money for it. I'm thinking there are 2 options here: Work with the client as requested We've actually re-built the software, made it much better and use it for other projects. Am i in my rights to sell that direct to the company that enquired about it instead of going through the client? Any help on this would be much appreciated

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  • Organizing code for iOS app development

    - by KronoS
    I've been developing an app for the iOS platform, and as I've been going along, I've noticed that I've done a terrible job of keeping my files (.h, .m, .mm) organized. Is there any industry standards or best practices when it comes to organizing files for an iOS project? My files include custom classes (beside the view controllers), customized View Controllers, third-party content, code that works only on iOS 5.0+ and code that works on previous versions. What I'm looking for is a solution to keep things organized in a manner that others (or myself in years to come) can look at this and understand the basic structure of the application and not get lost in the multiple files found therein.

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  • HG: fork web app project to separate API code from app code

    - by cs_brandt
    I have a web app thats been in active development for about 8 months now and its becoming apparent that the project has a need to maintain a separation between app specific code and our OO Javascript API. What I would like to do is have another repository with the following general structure of the js API code. repo_name | +---build | +---build_tools | +---doc | +---src | +---js Of course this structure is different from the original web app directory structure. If I make changes to this new repository how could I pull in those changes to the web app repository without unintentionally removing files or modifying the directory structure of the web app repository?

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  • Is extensive documentation a code smell?

    - by Griffin
    Every library, open-source project, and SDK/API I've ever come across has come packaged with a (usually large) documentation file, and this seems contradictory to the wide-spread belief that good code needs little to no comments. What separates documentation from this programming methodology? a one to two page overview of a package seems reasonable, but elegant code combined with standard intelisense should have theoretically deprecated the practice of documentation by now IMO. I feel like companies only create detailed documentation and tutorials because its what they've always done. Why should developers have to constantly be searching through online documentation in order to learn how to do things when such information should be intrinsic to the classes, methods and namespaces?

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  • Which is more maintainable -- boolean assignment via if/else or boolean expression?

    - by Bret Walker
    Which would be considered more maintainable? if (a == b) c = true; else c = false; or c = (a == b); I've tried looking in Code Complete, but can't find an answer. I think the first is more readable (you can literally read it out loud), which I also think makes it more maintainable. The second one certainly makes more sense and reduces code, but I'm not sure it's as maintainable for C# developers (I'd expect to see this idiom more in, for example, Python).

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  • Nested languages code smell

    - by l0b0
    Many projects combine languages, for example on the web with the ubiquitous SQL + server-side language + markup du jour + JavaScript + CSS mix (often in a single function). Bash and other shell code is mixed with Perl and Python on the server side, evaled and sometimes even passed through sed before execution. Many languages support runtime execution of arbitrary code strings, and in some it seems to be fairly common practice. In addition to advice about security and separation of concerns, what other issues are there with this type of programming, what can be done to minimize it, and is it ever defensible (except in the "PHB on the shoulder" situation)?

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  • Resources on learning to program in machine code?

    - by AceofSpades
    I'm a student, fresh into programming and loving it, from Java to C++ and down to C. I moved backwards to the barebones and thought to go further down to Assembly. But, to my surprise, a lot of people said it's not as fast as C and there is no use. They suggested learning either how to program a kernel or writing a C compiler. My dream is to learn to program in binary (machine code) or maybe program bare metal (program micro-controller physically) or write bios or boot loaders or something of that nature. The only possible thing I heard after so much research is that a hex editor is the closest thing to machine language I could find in this age and era. Are there other things I'm unaware of? Are there any resources to learn to program in machine code? Preferably on a 8-bit micro-controller/microprocessor. This question is similar to mine, but I'm interested in practical learning first and then understanding the theory.

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  • Coordinating team code review sessions [closed]

    - by Wade Tandy
    My question has two parts: 1) In your team or organization, do you ever do in-person code reviews with all or part of a team, as opposed to online reviews using some sort of tool? 2) How do you structure these meetings? Do you choose to focus on one person's code in a given meeting? Do you look at everything? Take a random sample? Ask people on the team what they'd like to have looked at of theirs? I'd love to add this practice to my development team, so I'd like to hear how others are doing it.

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  • Inheritance Mapping Strategies with Entity Framework Code First CTP5: Part 2 – Table per Type (TPT)

    - by mortezam
    In the previous blog post you saw that there are three different approaches to representing an inheritance hierarchy and I explained Table per Hierarchy (TPH) as the default mapping strategy in EF Code First. We argued that the disadvantages of TPH may be too serious for our design since it results in denormalized schemas that can become a major burden in the long run. In today’s blog post we are going to learn about Table per Type (TPT) as another inheritance mapping strategy and we'll see that TPT doesn’t expose us to this problem. Table per Type (TPT)Table per Type is about representing inheritance relationships as relational foreign key associations. Every class/subclass that declares persistent properties—including abstract classes—has its own table. The table for subclasses contains columns only for each noninherited property (each property declared by the subclass itself) along with a primary key that is also a foreign key of the base class table. This approach is shown in the following figure: For example, if an instance of the CreditCard subclass is made persistent, the values of properties declared by the BillingDetail base class are persisted to a new row of the BillingDetails table. Only the values of properties declared by the subclass (i.e. CreditCard) are persisted to a new row of the CreditCards table. The two rows are linked together by their shared primary key value. Later, the subclass instance may be retrieved from the database by joining the subclass table with the base class table. TPT Advantages The primary advantage of this strategy is that the SQL schema is normalized. In addition, schema evolution is straightforward (modifying the base class or adding a new subclass is just a matter of modify/add one table). Integrity constraint definition are also straightforward (note how CardType in CreditCards table is now a non-nullable column). Another much more important advantage is the ability to handle polymorphic associations (a polymorphic association is an association to a base class, hence to all classes in the hierarchy with dynamic resolution of the concrete class at runtime). A polymorphic association to a particular subclass may be represented as a foreign key referencing the table of that particular subclass. Implement TPT in EF Code First We can create a TPT mapping simply by placing Table attribute on the subclasses to specify the mapped table name (Table attribute is a new data annotation and has been added to System.ComponentModel.DataAnnotations namespace in CTP5): public abstract class BillingDetail {     public int BillingDetailId { get; set; }     public string Owner { get; set; }     public string Number { get; set; } } [Table("BankAccounts")] public class BankAccount : BillingDetail {     public string BankName { get; set; }     public string Swift { get; set; } } [Table("CreditCards")] public class CreditCard : BillingDetail {     public int CardType { get; set; }     public string ExpiryMonth { get; set; }     public string ExpiryYear { get; set; } } public class InheritanceMappingContext : DbContext {     public DbSet<BillingDetail> BillingDetails { get; set; } } If you prefer fluent API, then you can create a TPT mapping by using ToTable() method: protected override void OnModelCreating(ModelBuilder modelBuilder) {     modelBuilder.Entity<BankAccount>().ToTable("BankAccounts");     modelBuilder.Entity<CreditCard>().ToTable("CreditCards"); } Generated SQL For QueriesLet’s take an example of a simple non-polymorphic query that returns a list of all the BankAccounts: var query = from b in context.BillingDetails.OfType<BankAccount>() select b; Executing this query (by invoking ToList() method) results in the following SQL statements being sent to the database (on the bottom, you can also see the result of executing the generated query in SQL Server Management Studio): Now, let’s take an example of a very simple polymorphic query that requests all the BillingDetails which includes both BankAccount and CreditCard types: projects some properties out of the base class BillingDetail, without querying for anything from any of the subclasses: var query = from b in context.BillingDetails             select new { b.BillingDetailId, b.Number, b.Owner }; -- var query = from b in context.BillingDetails select b; This LINQ query seems even more simple than the previous one but the resulting SQL query is not as simple as you might expect: -- As you can see, EF Code First relies on an INNER JOIN to detect the existence (or absence) of rows in the subclass tables CreditCards and BankAccounts so it can determine the concrete subclass for a particular row of the BillingDetails table. Also the SQL CASE statements that you see in the beginning of the query is just to ensure columns that are irrelevant for a particular row have NULL values in the returning flattened table. (e.g. BankName for a row that represents a CreditCard type) TPT ConsiderationsEven though this mapping strategy is deceptively simple, the experience shows that performance can be unacceptable for complex class hierarchies because queries always require a join across many tables. In addition, this mapping strategy is more difficult to implement by hand— even ad-hoc reporting is more complex. This is an important consideration if you plan to use handwritten SQL in your application (For ad hoc reporting, database views provide a way to offset the complexity of the TPT strategy. A view may be used to transform the table-per-type model into the much simpler table-per-hierarchy model.) SummaryIn this post we learned about Table per Type as the second inheritance mapping in our series. So far, the strategies we’ve discussed require extra consideration with regard to the SQL schema (e.g. in TPT, foreign keys are needed). This situation changes with the Table per Concrete Type (TPC) that we will discuss in the next post. References ADO.NET team blog Java Persistence with Hibernate book a { text-decoration: none; } a:visited { color: Blue; } .title { padding-bottom: 5px; font-family: Segoe UI; font-size: 11pt; font-weight: bold; padding-top: 15px; } .code, .typeName { font-family: consolas; } .typeName { color: #2b91af; } .padTop5 { padding-top: 5px; } .padTop10 { padding-top: 10px; } p.MsoNormal { margin-top: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-bottom: 10.0pt; margin-left: 0in; line-height: 115%; font-size: 11.0pt; font-family: "Calibri" , "sans-serif"; }

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  • Can this be considered Clean Code / Best Practice?

    - by MRFerocius
    Guys, How are you doing today? I have the following question because I will follow this strategy for all my helpers (to deal with the DB entities) Is this considered a good practice or is it going to be unmaintainable later? public class HelperArea : AbstractHelper { event OperationPerformed<Area> OnAreaInserting; event OperationPerformed<Area> OnAreaInserted; event OperationPerformed<Area> OnExceptionOccured; public void Insert(Area element) { try { if (OnAreaInserting != null) OnAreaInserting(element); DBase.Context.Areas.InsertOnSubmit(new AtlasWFM_Mapping.Mapping.Area { areaDescripcion = element.Description, areaNegocioID = element.BusinessID, areaGUID = Guid.NewGuid(), areaEstado = element.Status, }); DBase.Context.SubmitChanges(); if (OnAreaInserted != null) OnAreaInserted(element); } catch (Exception ex) { LogManager.ChangeStrategy(LogginStrategies.EVENT_VIEWER); LogManager.LogError(new LogInformation { logErrorType = ErrorType.CRITICAL, logException = ex, logMensaje = "Error inserting Area" }); if (OnExceptionOccured != null) OnExceptionOccured(elemento); } } I want to know if it is a good way to handle the event on the Exception to let subscribers know that there has been an exception inserting that Area. And the way to log the Exception, is is OK to do it this way? Any suggestion to make it better?

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  • How to protect compiled Java classes?

    - by Registered User
    I know, many similar questions has been asked here. I am not asking if I can protect my compiled Java class - because obviously you will say 'no you can't'. I am asking what is the best known method of protecting Java classes against de-compiling? If you aware of any research or academic paper in this field please do let me know. Also if you have used some methods or software please share you experience? Any kind of information will be very useful. Thank you.

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  • How can I hide tracing code in Visual Studio IDE C# ?

    - by Mark
    As I'm starting to put more tracing in my code, i'm realizing it adds a lot of clutter. I know Visual Studio allows you to hide and reveal code, however, i'd like to be able group code into "tracing" code and then hide it and reveal at will as i'm reading the code. I suppose it could do this either per file or per class or per function. Is there any way to do this? What do you guys do? Adding some clarification The hide current feature kind of allows you to do this except that when the code is hidden, you can't tell if its tracing or not. You also can't say "hide all tracing code" and "reveal all tracing code" which is useful when reading a function depending on what you are trying to do.

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  • Using Entity Framework (code first) migrations in production

    - by devdigital
    I'm just looking into using EF migrations for our project, and in particular for performing schema changes in production between releases. I can see that generating SQL (delta) script files is an option, but is there no way of running the migrations programmatically on app start up? Will I instead need to add each delta script to the solution and write my own framework to apply them in order (from the current version to the latest) on bootstrap?

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  • Ideas for my MSc project and Google Summer of Code 2011

    - by Chris Wilson
    I'm currently putting together ideas for my master's project which I'll be working on over the summer, and I would like to be able to use this time to help Ubuntu in some way. I have the freedom to come up with pretty much any project in the field of software development/engineering provided it Is a substantial piece of software (for reference, I will be working on it for five full months) Solves a problem for more people than just myself I was hoping to use this project as an opportunity to get some experience with the underbelly of Linux, so that I can mention on my CV that I have 'experience in developing for *NIX in C++', which I'm noticing more and more companies are looking for these days, probably because stuff's moving to cloud servers and that's where Linux rules the roost. My problem is that, since I don't have the experience to begin with, I'm not sure what to do for such a project, and I was wondering if anyone could help me with this. I've noticed from Daniel Holbach's blog that Ubuntu participated in the Google Summer of Code 2010, and that project ideas for that can be found here. However, I have not been able to find anything related to Ubuntu and GSoC 2011, but I have noticed from the GSoC timeline that the list of mentoring organisations will not be published until March 18th. I have two questions here. Has Ubuntu applied to be a part of Summer of Code 2011, and what is the status of the 2010 project list linked to earlier. Were they all implemented or are there still some that can be picked up now, should I not participate in GSoC? I'd like to do something for Ubuntu, but I'd rather not spend my time reinventing the wheel.

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  • Collision Detection Code Structure with Sloped Tiles

    - by ProgrammerGuy123
    Im making a 2D tile based game with slopes, and I need help on the collision detection. This question is not about determining the vertical position of the player given the horizontal position when on a slope, but rather the structure of the code. Here is my pseudocode for the collision detection: void Player::handleTileCollisions() { int left = //find tile that's left of player int right = //find tile that's right of player int top = //find tile that's above player int bottom = //find tile that's below player for(int x = left; x <= right; x++) { for(int y = top; y <= bottom; y++) { switch(getTileType(x, y)) { case 1: //solid tile { //resolve collisions break; } case 2: //sloped tile { //resolve collisions break; } default: //air tile or whatever else break; } } } } When the player is on a sloped tile, he is actually inside the tile itself horizontally, that way the player doesn't look like he is floating. This creates a problem because when there is a sloped tile next to a solid square tile, the player can't move passed it because this algorithm resolves any collisions with the solid tile. Here is a gif showing this problem: So what is a good way to structure my code so that when the player is inside a sloped tile, solid tiles get ignored?

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  • Is a code review which uses only code comments a good idea?

    - by gaRex
    Preconditions Team uses DVCS IDE supports comments parsing (like TODO and etc.) Tools like CodeCollaborator are expensive for budget Tools like gerrit are too complex for install or not usable Workflow Author publishes somewhere on central repo feature branch Reviewer fetch it and start review In case of some question/issue reviewer create comment with special label, like "REV". Such label MUST not be in production code -- only on review stage: $somevar = 123; // REV Why do echo this here? echo $somevar; When reviewer finish post comments -- it just commits with stupid message "comments" and pushes back Author pulls feature branch back and answer comments in similar way or improve code and push it back When "REV" comments have gone we can think, that review has successfully finished. Author interactively rebases feature branch, squashes it to remove those "comment" commits and now is ready to merge feature to develop or make any action that usualy could be after successful internal review IDE support I know, that custom comment tags are possible in eclipse & netbeans. Sure it also should be in blablaStorm family. Questions Do you think this methodology is viable? Do you know something similar? What can be improved in it?

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  • Macedonian Code Camp 2011

    - by hajan
    Autumn was filled with lot of conferences, events, speaking engagements and many interesting happenings in Skopje, Macedonia. First at October 20, I was speaking at Microsoft Vizija 9 on topic ASP.NET MVC3 and Razor. One week ago, November 15 I was speaking for first time on topic not related to web development (but still deployment of web apps was part of the demos) on topic “Cloud Computing – Windows Azure” at Microsoft BizSpark Bootcamp. The next event, which is the biggest event by the number of visitors and number of tracks is the Code Camp 2011 event. After we opened the registrations for the event, we sold out (free) 600 tickets in the first 15 hours! We all got astonished by the extremely big number of responses we’ve got… In this event, I can freely say that we expect about 700 attendees to come, and we already have 900+ registered. The event will be held at Saturday, 26 November 2011. At Code Camp 2011, I will speak on topic ASP.NET MVC Best Practices. There are many interesting things to say on this presentation, I will mainly focus on Tips, Tricks, Guidelines and other Practices that I have been using in real-life projects developed by using ASP.NET MVC Framework, with special focus on ASP.NET MVC3 and the next release, ASP.NET MVC4 Developer Preview. There are big number of known local and regional speakers, including 7 MVPs. You can find more info about this event at the official event website: http://codecamp.mkdot.net As for my session, if you have some interesting trick or good practice you have been using in your ASP.NET MVC projects, you can freely share it with me… If I find it interesting and if it’s not part of the current practices I have included for the presentation (I can’t tell you which ones for now… *secret* ;))… I will consider including it in the presentation. Stay tuned for more info soon… Regards, Hajan

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  • How to turn on/off code modules?

    - by Safran Ali
    I am trying to run multiple sites using single code base and code base consist of the following module (i.e. classes) User module Q & A module Faq module and each class works on MVC pattern i.e. it consist of Entity class Helper class (i.e. static class) View (i.e. pages and controls) and let's say I have 2 sites site1.com and site2.com. And I am trying to achieve following functionality site1.com can have User, Q & A and Faq module up and running site2.com can have User and Q & A module live while Faq module is switched off but it can be turned-on if needed, so my query here is what is the best way to achieve such functionality Do I introduce a flag bit that I check on every page and control belonging to that module? It's more like CMS where you can turn on/off different features. I am trying to get my head around it, please provide me with an example or point out if I am taking the wrong approach.

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  • How to ignore certain coding standard errors in PHP CodeSniffer

    - by Tom
    We have a PHP 5 web application and we're currently evaluating PHP CodeSniffer in order to decide whether forcing code standards improves code quality without causing too much of a headache. If it seems good we will add a SVN pre-commit hook to ensure all new files committed on the dev branch are free from coding standard smells. Is there a way to configure PHP codeSniffer to ignore a particular type of error? or get it to treat a certain error as a warning instead? Here an example to demonstrate the issue: <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd"> <html> <head> <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" /> </head> <body> <div> <?php echo getTabContent('Programming', 1, $numX, $numY); if (isset($msg)) { echo $msg; } ?> </div> </body> </html> And this is the output of PHP_CodeSniffer: > phpcs test.php -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- FOUND 2 ERROR(S) AND 1 WARNING(S) AFFECTING 3 LINE(S) -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | WARNING | Line exceeds 85 characters; contains 121 characters 9 | ERROR | Missing file doc comment 11 | ERROR | Line indented incorrectly; expected 0 spaces, found 4 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- I have a issue with the "Line indented incorrectly" error. I guess it happens because I am mixing the PHP indentation with the HTML indentation. But this makes it more readable doesn't it? (taking into account that I don't have the resouces to move to a MVC framework right now). So I'd like to ignore it please.

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  • Are there any actual case studies on rewrites of software success/failure rates?

    - by James Drinkard
    I've seen multiple posts about rewrites of applications being bad, peoples experiences about it here on Programmers, and an article I've ready by Joel Splosky on the subject, but no hard evidence of case studies. Other than the two examples Joel gave and some other posts here, what do you do with a bad codebase and how do you decide what to do with it based on real studies? For the case in point, there are two clients I know of that both have old legacy code. They keep limping along with it because as one of them found out, a rewrite was a disaster, it was expensive and didn't really work to improve the code much. That customer has some very complicated business logic as the rewriters quickly found out. In both cases, these are mission critical applications that brings in a lot of revenue for the company. The one that attempted the rewrite felt that they would hit a brick wall at some point if the legacy software didn't get upgraded at some point in the future. To me, that kind of risk warrants research and analysis to ensure a successful path. My question is have there been actual case studies that have investigated this? I wouldn't want to attempt a major rewrite without knowing some best practices, pitfalls, and successes based on actual studies. Aftermath: okay, I was wrong, I did find one article: Rewrite or Reuse. They did a study on a Cobol app that was converted to Java.

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  • Breaking up classes and methods into smaller units

    - by micahhoover
    During code reviews a couple devs have recommended I break up my methods into smaller methods. Their justification was (1) increased readability and (2) the back trace that comes back from production showing the method name is more specific to the line of code that failed. There may have also been some colorful words about functional programming. Additionally I think I may have failed an interview a while back because I didn't give an acceptable answer about when to break things up. My inclination is that when I see a bunch of methods in a class or across a bunch of files, it isn't clear to me how they flow together, and how many times each one gets called. I don't really have a good feel for the linearity of it as quickly just by eye-balling it. The other thing is a lot of people seem to place a premium of organization over content (e.g. 'Look at how organized my sock drawer is!' Me: 'Overall, I think I can get to my socks faster if you count the time it took to organize them'). Our business requirements are not very stable. I'm afraid that if the classes/methods are very granular it will take longer to refactor to requirement changes. I'm not sure how much of a factor this should be. Anyway, computer science is part art / part science, but I'm not sure how much this applies to this issue.

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