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  • Strange RDP / Remote Desktop problem

    - by John Landheer
    I'll try to be as specific as I can be: Server is running SBS 2008 R2 (with all updates) Server is connected to the internet Server has 2 NIC's, one is disabled Server is running RDP Service (accessible directly from the internet, I know, not as secure as it should be) Computers A and B are on the same local net. Computers A and B are both Windows 7. Users X and Y are both admins on the server Computer A can connect as user X to the server with mstsc Computer A can connect as user Y to the server with mstsc Computer B can connect as user X to the server with mstsc Computer B CANNOT connect as user Y to the server with mstsc! Error that username/password is incorrect. The last point is the problem, I get an authentication error. This used to work flawlessly for the last year. The server and desktops have been rebooted. EDIT: I tried: prefixing domain to the username prefixing the server computer name to the username change the password copy/paste the password from notepad to make sure it was correct I find it very strange.... EDIT: The computers are not on the same subnet as the server. The server is at my hosting provider. All computers as all users can reach the web app that is running on the server.

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  • Exchange 2010: How to retain mail in the outgoing queue for a certain amount of time before it is being sent

    - by Jeroen Landheer
    One of our clients asked us to configure Exchange 2010 to retain outgoing mail for a certain amount of time (independant of Outlook settings.) The idea is that an administrator has about 10 minutes to take a message out of a queue before it is sent out the organization. I know this can be configured in Outlook, but this is not a valiable solution for us. I'm also aware that this causes queues to fill up, this is part of the consideration. Is there a way in Exchange 2010 to configure this?

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  • Strange RDP / Remote Desktop problem

    - by John Landheer
    I'll try to be as specific as I can be: Server is running SBS 2008 R2 (with all updates) Server is connected to the internet Server has 2 NIC's, one is disabled Server is running RDP Service (accessible directly from the internet, I know, not as secure as it should be) Computers A and B are on the same local net. Computers A and B are both Windows 7. Users X and Y are both admins on the server Computer A can connect as user X to the server with mstsc Computer A can connect as user Y to the server with mstsc Computer B can connect as user X to the server with mstsc computer B CANNOT connect as user Y to the server with mstsc! The last point is the problem, I get an authentication error. This used to work flawlessly for the last year. The server and desktops have been rebooted. I find it very strange....

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  • Checking data of all same class elements

    - by Tiffani
    I need the code to check the data-name value of all instances of .account-select. Right now it just checks the first .account-select element and not any subsequent ones. The function right now is on click of an element such as John Smith, it checks the data-name of the .account-select lis. If the data-names are the same, it does not create a new li with the John Smith data. If no data-names are equal to John Smith, then it adds an li with John Smith. This is the JS-Fiddle I made for it so you can see what I am referring to: http://jsfiddle.net/rsxavior/vDCNy/22/ Any help would be greatly appreciated. This is the Jquery Code I am using right now. $('.account').click(function () { var acc = $(this).data("name"); var sel = $('.account-select').data("name"); if (acc === sel) { } else { $('.account-hidden-li').append('<li class="account-select" data-name="'+ $(this).data("name") +'">' + $(this).data("name") + '<a class="close bcn-close" data-dismiss="alert" href="#">&times;</a></li>'); } }); And the HTML: <ul> <li><a class="account" data-name="All" href="#">All</a></li> <li><a class="account" data-name="John Smith" href="#">John Smith</a></li> </ul> <ul class="account-hidden-li"> <ul>

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  • Pattern/Matcher in Java?

    - by user1007059
    I have a certain text in Java, and I want to use pattern and matcher to extract something from it. This is my program: public String getItemsByType(String text, String start, String end) { String patternHolder; StringBuffer itemLines = new StringBuffer(); patternHolder = start + ".*" + end; Pattern pattern = Pattern.compile(patternHolder); Matcher matcher = pattern.matcher(text); while (matcher.find()) { itemLines.append(text.substring(matcher.start(), matcher.end()) + "\n"); } return itemLines.toString(); } This code works fully WHEN the searched text is on the same line, for instance: String text = "My name is John and I am 18 years Old"; getItemsByType(text, "My", "John"); immediately grabs the text "My name is John" out of the text. However, when my text looks like this: String text = "My name\nis John\nand I'm\n18 years\nold"; getItemsByType(text, "My", "John"); It doesn't grab anything, since "My" and "John" are on different lines. How do I solve this?

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  • Parsing back to 'messy' API strcuture

    - by Eric Fail
    I'm fetching data from an online database (REDcap) via API and the data gets delivered in as comma separated string like this, RAW.API <- structure("id,event_arm,name,dob,pushed_text,pushed_calc,complete\n\"01\",\"event_1_arm_1\",\"John\",\"1979-05-01\",\"\",\"\",2\n\"01\",\"event_2_arm_1\",\"John\",\"2012-09-02\",\"abc\",\"123\",1\n\"01\",\"event_3_arm_1\",\"John\",\"2012-09-10\",\"\",\"\",2\n\"02\",\"event_1_arm_1\",\"Mary\",\"1951-09-10\",\"def\",\"456\",2\n\"02\",\"event_2_arm_1\",\"Mary\",\"1978-09-12\",\"\",\"\",2\n", "`Content-Type`" = structure(c("text/html", "utf-8"), .Names = c("", "charset"))) I have this script that nicely parses it into a data frame, (df <- read.table(file = textConnection(RAW.API), header = TRUE, sep = ",", na.strings = "", stringsAsFactors = FALSE)) id event_arm name dob pushed_text pushed_calc complete 1 1 event_1_arm_1 John 1979-05-01 <NA> NA 2 2 1 event_2_arm_1 John 2012-09-02 abc 123 1 3 1 event_3_arm_1 John 2012-09-10 <NA> NA 2 4 2 event_1_arm_1 Mary 1951-09-10 def 456 2 5 2 event_2_arm_1 Mary 1978-09-12 <NA> NA 2 I then do some calculations and write them to pushed_text and pushed_calc whereafter I need to format the data back to the messy comma separated structure it came in. I imagine something like this, API.back <- `some magic command`(df, ...) identical(RAW.API, API.back) [1] TRUE Some command that can format my data from the data frame I made, df, back to the structure that the raw API-object came in, RAW.API. Any help would be very appreciated.

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  • Rewriting from headers in Postfix

    - by inxilpro
    I want to configure Postfix to replace the 'From' header in all forwarded/aliased messages with a custom email address, and the 'Reply-To' header with the original sender's address. Is that something that can be done with a simple configuration change, or am I looking at a more complex problem? For example: Original Message: From: "John Smith" <[email protected]> To: "Jane Rice" <[email protected]> Would get translated to: From: "My Email Forwarding Service" <[email protected]> Reply-To: "John Smith" <[email protected]> To: "Jane Rice" <[email protected]> Ideally, I would also have it rewrite the message body (adding something about how the message was forwarded for them), but I know that's much more difficult. We have a number of email aliases, and everytime someone reports spam they received through their alias, our server gets flagged. I'm trying to minimize that damage as much as possible. Any help is greatly appreciated!

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  • ubuntu apache subdomains pointing to main domain

    - by Suhail Thakur
    i have a ubuntu server with apache setup, the main domain on the server is a subdomain app.example.com, which is working fine, now if i setup john.app.example.com, then that also is displaying the web page of app.example.com, the DocumentRoot for john.app.example.com is different, still it shows the web page of app.example.com. how can i resolve this, so john.app.example.com displays the pages that are there in its DocumentRoot.

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  • Multiple contacts with shared information

    - by Keith Thompson
    Background: I currently have several hundred contacts, synchronized between a Microsoft Exchange server and several mobile devices. I also save exported copies of the contacts in .vcf format. Is there a good way (application, file format, whatever) to maintain contacts with shared information? A very common scenario is that I have contacts for two or more people who live in the same house, for example: John Doe 123 Main Street, Anytown USA Home: 555-555-1111 Work: 555-555-2222 Mobile: 555-555-3333 E-mail: John[email protected] Jane Doe 123 Main Street, Anytown USA Home: 555-555-1111 Work: 555-555-4444 Mobile: 555-555-5555 E-mail: [email protected] As you can see, both contacts have the same home address and phone number, but distinct names and work and mobile phone numbers. (Other information might also be either shared or distinct.) The applications and file formats I'm familiar with don't seem to have a good way to deal with this. If I use a single "John & Jane Doe" contact for both, it's difficult to distinguish the distinct information (if I want to call Jane's mobile phone rather than John's). If I use a separate contact for each, I have to remember to update both of them (or all of them for N 2) when they move or change their home phone number. An ideal solution would let me create a record containing information for their household, and have each of their contact records contain a reference to the household record, so that when I view John's contact record I see both shared and distinct information. Is there anything out there that has good support this kind of thing? (I would think there would be, since it's a very common scenario.) (I suppose I could roll my own system that generates merged .vcf files from some extended format, but that wouldn't play well with synchronizing across multiple devices.)

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  • Thunderbird: how to move mails into correct thread? (mailing lists)

    - by unor
    I'm subscribed to some mailing lists and every day people reply to a wrong mail (or they don't reply at all), so that their mail lands in the wrong (or a new) thread. I set the mail display in "View ? Sort by" to "Threaded". Example: mailing list "Foobar": [Foobar] random topic Re: [Foobar] random topic Re: [Foobar] random topic Re: [Foobar] random topic Re: [Foobar] random topic [Foobar] I'm John Doe Re: [Foobar] I'm John Doe Re: [Foobar] Welcome, John Re: [Foobar] random topic There are two discussions, one about "random topic", one about "John Doe". The subject line changes in the discussion about John Doe, which is fine (no problem here). But the last mail should be pigeonholed in the first thread. Instead it is at the top-level. Now, how can I move that last mail into the correct thread? I tried to drag&drop it at the mail I think it should be a reply to, but this doesn't work. I think theoretically it should be possible by fiddling with the mail headers after receiving the mail, but this doesn't seem to be a comfortable way.

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  • I recieved an email but the to address is not mine

    - by user35072
    As per title, my email address is [email protected] and received an email from [email protected]. But in my Web Client i see: From: [email protected] To: [email protected] I received this on my [email protected] account so how did i get this email in my inbox? I have no affiliation whatsoever with [email protected]. Actually i have received a few emails from [email protected] where the TO address differs. What's going on?

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  • ubuntu apache subdomains pointing to main domain

    - by Suhail Thakur
    I have a ubuntu server with apache setup, the main domain on the server is a subdomain app.example.com, which is working fine. Now if I setup john.app.example.com, then that also is displaying the web page of app.example.com, the DocumentRoot for john.app.example.com is different, still it shows the web page of app.example.com. how can I resolve this, so john.app.example.com displays the pages that are there in its DocumentRoot.

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  • How to add LDAP user to existing local group in RHEL?

    - by Highway of Life
    I'm attempting to add some of our LDAP users to a locally defined group on our RHEL server, however I get an error stating that the LDAP user is not found in /etc/passwd. What would be the best way to allow LDAP users to be added to local groups? My feeling is that this must be done manually. I could edit: /etc/group and add the LDAP group to the list. Would that be ideal? [server]# id apache uid=409(apache) gid=409(apache) groups=409(apache) context=user_u:system_r:unconfined_t:s0 [server]# id john.doe uid=11389(john.doe) gid=6097(ABC_Corporate_US) groups=6097(ABC_Corporate_US) context=user_u:system_r:unconfined_t:s0 [server]# /usr/sbin/usermod -a -G apache john.doe usermod: john.doe not found in /etc/passwd OS: RHEL (Red Hat Enterprise Linux Server release 5.3 (Tikanga)) Note: Updating the OS on this machine is not an option.

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  • Archiving mails with postfix: how to filter mails?

    - by Tronic
    i wanto to implement the following scenario: we use a postfix mailserver. to archive all old and new mails, i want to setup a second postfix on our fileserver and create a single mailbox "archive". then every mail gets forwarded as bcc to this mailbox automatically. now, i want to create different folders in a maildir structure and let the server move each mail to the right subfolder of the mailbox based on its sender or receiver. e.g. when we get a mail to one of our employees named "John Doe" at john[email protected], the mail should be moved to "Inbox/John Doe Incoming". the same applies when john doe sends a mail, folder would be "Inbox/John Doe Outgoing". how can i implement this filter behaviour. i heard of Procmail and Maildrop. Which of the two would you prefer? Which is more easy to configure? Any out-of-box solutions here? thanks in advance!

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  • Managing Linux Directory Permissions & SFTP

    - by Dizzle
    Good morning; I have a RHEL 5.7 web server configured to allow SSH/SFTP only by specific groups. I'd like for content managers to upload content to their respective directories and have that content inherit the user/group ownership of the directory regardless of upload method or application. For example: John is in group "web" for SSH/SFTP rights and "finance" for directory permissions, and uploads to directory "webstuff" via SFTP. Directory "webstuff" has permissions of "2760" (rwxrws---), and ownership of "apache:finance". If John uploads an update to an existing file in "webstuff", the ownership of the file stays at "apache:finance". If John uploads a new file to "webstuff", the ownership of the file is "john:finance". My desire is to have any file from John uploaded to "webstuff" to change to the directory's owner. I've tried with setuid and setgid both set, but the user-ownership didn't take. I've seen mentions on ServerFault of using ACL's, or a chrooted jail for SFTP but I have yet to configure and test them, and I don't know if they're a viable solution (they could be, I just don't know because I've never done either). Any thoughts and assistance would be greatly appreciated.

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  • [Ubuntu]df Total size is not correct compared with the size of the disk

    - by John John
    I'm running Ubuntu Squeeze and on one of the partitions df is showing the Total size as 335G: Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on /dev/sdb 335G 225G 94G 71% /mnt However in the past it was showing as 360GB (which is the actual size): fdisk -l /dev/sdb Disk /dev/sdb: 365.0 GB, 365041287168 bytes lsof +L1 does not return anything (and anyway if this would be the case the Total space should not be affected.) On this partition I'm writing (and deleting) a lot of files and this happened before in the past, but problem solved by itself.

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  • How to cd into smb://[email protected] from terminal?

    - by John
    I am using ubuntu and gnome on my computer. When I open up File Browser, on the left hand rail, I see conveniently a folder called "Work Server". When I mouse over it, the following caption appears "smb://[email protected]". If I click on that folder, then I can see the contents of that folder. Everything is great. So now when I open up a terminal/shell, I type in cd smb://[email protected] I get an error saying the directory doesn't exist. How do I enter this directory via shell/terminal?

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  • need to align part of list item to right of li - using CSS3 Jquery column-layout

    - by Brad
    Using this jquery script to acheive CSS3 3-columns, to display a list of members alphabetically. I need it to display this way, which is does: A D B E C F Here is what I am using http://www.csscripting.com/css-multi-column/example6.php? (using this js file http://www.csscripting.com/js/v1.0beta/css3-multi-column.js) To the right of each member, it has their phone extension, which I want to float to the right, so it easy to read. I tried putting the phone extension within a div and span and when I do that, it tends to screw up at the last item in each column, by placing the person's name correctly, but their extension is the very first item in the next column. Screenshot: http://cl.ly/fq4 of what it is doing HTML Code: <div class="Article3Col"> <ul> <li>Doe, John <div style="float:right;"> 8317 </div> </li> <li>Doe, Sally <div style="float:right;"> 8729 </div> </li> <li>Doe, John <div style="float:right;"> 8317 </div> </li> <li>Doe, Sally <div style="float:right;"> 8729 </div> </li> <li>Doe, John <div style="float:right;"> 8317 </div> </li> <li>Doe, Sally <div style="float:right;"> 8729 </div> </li> <li>Doe, John <div style="float:right;"> 8317 </div> </li> <li>Doe, Sally <div style="float:right;"> 8729 </div> </li> <li>Doe, John <div style="float:right;"> 8317 </div> </li> <li>Doe, Sally <div style="float:right;"> 8729 </div> </li> <li>Doe, John <div style="float:right;"> 8317 </div> </li> <li>Doe, Sally <div style="float:right;"> 8729 </div> </li> <li>Doe, John <div style="float:right;"> 8317 </div> </li> <li>Doe, Sally <div style="float:right;"> 8729 </div> </li> <li>Doe, John <div style="float:right;"> 8317 </div> </li> <li>Doe, Sally <div style="float:right;"> 8729 </div> </li> <li>Doe, John <div style="float:right;"> 8317 </div> </li> <li>Doe, Sally <div style="float:right;"> 8729 </div> </li> </ul> </div> CSS: .Article3Col { column-count:3; } Any help is appreciated.

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  • How LINQ to Object statements work

    - by rajbk
    This post goes into detail as to now LINQ statements work when querying a collection of objects. This topic assumes you have an understanding of how generics, delegates, implicitly typed variables, lambda expressions, object/collection initializers, extension methods and the yield statement work. I would also recommend you read my previous two posts: Using Delegates in C# Part 1 Using Delegates in C# Part 2 We will start by writing some methods to filter a collection of data. Assume we have an Employee class like so: 1: public class Employee { 2: public int ID { get; set;} 3: public string FirstName { get; set;} 4: public string LastName {get; set;} 5: public string Country { get; set; } 6: } and a collection of employees like so: 1: var employees = new List<Employee> { 2: new Employee { ID = 1, FirstName = "John", LastName = "Wright", Country = "USA" }, 3: new Employee { ID = 2, FirstName = "Jim", LastName = "Ashlock", Country = "UK" }, 4: new Employee { ID = 3, FirstName = "Jane", LastName = "Jackson", Country = "CHE" }, 5: new Employee { ID = 4, FirstName = "Jill", LastName = "Anderson", Country = "AUS" }, 6: }; Filtering We wish to  find all employees that have an even ID. We could start off by writing a method that takes in a list of employees and returns a filtered list of employees with an even ID. 1: static List<Employee> GetEmployeesWithEvenID(List<Employee> employees) { 2: var filteredEmployees = new List<Employee>(); 3: foreach (Employee emp in employees) { 4: if (emp.ID % 2 == 0) { 5: filteredEmployees.Add(emp); 6: } 7: } 8: return filteredEmployees; 9: } The method can be rewritten to return an IEnumerable<Employee> using the yield return keyword. 1: static IEnumerable<Employee> GetEmployeesWithEvenID(IEnumerable<Employee> employees) { 2: foreach (Employee emp in employees) { 3: if (emp.ID % 2 == 0) { 4: yield return emp; 5: } 6: } 7: } We put these together in a console application. 1: using System; 2: using System.Collections.Generic; 3: //No System.Linq 4:  5: public class Program 6: { 7: [STAThread] 8: static void Main(string[] args) 9: { 10: var employees = new List<Employee> { 11: new Employee { ID = 1, FirstName = "John", LastName = "Wright", Country = "USA" }, 12: new Employee { ID = 2, FirstName = "Jim", LastName = "Ashlock", Country = "UK" }, 13: new Employee { ID = 3, FirstName = "Jane", LastName = "Jackson", Country = "CHE" }, 14: new Employee { ID = 4, FirstName = "Jill", LastName = "Anderson", Country = "AUS" }, 15: }; 16: var filteredEmployees = GetEmployeesWithEvenID(employees); 17:  18: foreach (Employee emp in filteredEmployees) { 19: Console.WriteLine("ID {0} First_Name {1} Last_Name {2} Country {3}", 20: emp.ID, emp.FirstName, emp.LastName, emp.Country); 21: } 22:  23: Console.ReadLine(); 24: } 25: 26: static IEnumerable<Employee> GetEmployeesWithEvenID(IEnumerable<Employee> employees) { 27: foreach (Employee emp in employees) { 28: if (emp.ID % 2 == 0) { 29: yield return emp; 30: } 31: } 32: } 33: } 34:  35: public class Employee { 36: public int ID { get; set;} 37: public string FirstName { get; set;} 38: public string LastName {get; set;} 39: public string Country { get; set; } 40: } Output: ID 2 First_Name Jim Last_Name Ashlock Country UK ID 4 First_Name Jill Last_Name Anderson Country AUS Our filtering method is too specific. Let us change it so that it is capable of doing different types of filtering and lets give our method the name Where ;-) We will add another parameter to our Where method. This additional parameter will be a delegate with the following declaration. public delegate bool Filter(Employee emp); The idea is that the delegate parameter in our Where method will point to a method that contains the logic to do our filtering thereby freeing our Where method from any dependency. The method is shown below: 1: static IEnumerable<Employee> Where(IEnumerable<Employee> employees, Filter filter) { 2: foreach (Employee emp in employees) { 3: if (filter(emp)) { 4: yield return emp; 5: } 6: } 7: } Making the change to our app, we create a new instance of the Filter delegate on line 14 with a target set to the method EmployeeHasEvenId. Running the code will produce the same output. 1: public delegate bool Filter(Employee emp); 2:  3: public class Program 4: { 5: [STAThread] 6: static void Main(string[] args) 7: { 8: var employees = new List<Employee> { 9: new Employee { ID = 1, FirstName = "John", LastName = "Wright", Country = "USA" }, 10: new Employee { ID = 2, FirstName = "Jim", LastName = "Ashlock", Country = "UK" }, 11: new Employee { ID = 3, FirstName = "Jane", LastName = "Jackson", Country = "CHE" }, 12: new Employee { ID = 4, FirstName = "Jill", LastName = "Anderson", Country = "AUS" } 13: }; 14: var filterDelegate = new Filter(EmployeeHasEvenId); 15: var filteredEmployees = Where(employees, filterDelegate); 16:  17: foreach (Employee emp in filteredEmployees) { 18: Console.WriteLine("ID {0} First_Name {1} Last_Name {2} Country {3}", 19: emp.ID, emp.FirstName, emp.LastName, emp.Country); 20: } 21: Console.ReadLine(); 22: } 23: 24: static bool EmployeeHasEvenId(Employee emp) { 25: return emp.ID % 2 == 0; 26: } 27: 28: static IEnumerable<Employee> Where(IEnumerable<Employee> employees, Filter filter) { 29: foreach (Employee emp in employees) { 30: if (filter(emp)) { 31: yield return emp; 32: } 33: } 34: } 35: } 36:  37: public class Employee { 38: public int ID { get; set;} 39: public string FirstName { get; set;} 40: public string LastName {get; set;} 41: public string Country { get; set; } 42: } Lets use lambda expressions to inline the contents of the EmployeeHasEvenId method in place of the method. The next code snippet shows this change (see line 15).  For brevity, the Employee class declaration has been skipped. 1: public delegate bool Filter(Employee emp); 2:  3: public class Program 4: { 5: [STAThread] 6: static void Main(string[] args) 7: { 8: var employees = new List<Employee> { 9: new Employee { ID = 1, FirstName = "John", LastName = "Wright", Country = "USA" }, 10: new Employee { ID = 2, FirstName = "Jim", LastName = "Ashlock", Country = "UK" }, 11: new Employee { ID = 3, FirstName = "Jane", LastName = "Jackson", Country = "CHE" }, 12: new Employee { ID = 4, FirstName = "Jill", LastName = "Anderson", Country = "AUS" } 13: }; 14: var filterDelegate = new Filter(EmployeeHasEvenId); 15: var filteredEmployees = Where(employees, emp => emp.ID % 2 == 0); 16:  17: foreach (Employee emp in filteredEmployees) { 18: Console.WriteLine("ID {0} First_Name {1} Last_Name {2} Country {3}", 19: emp.ID, emp.FirstName, emp.LastName, emp.Country); 20: } 21: Console.ReadLine(); 22: } 23: 24: static bool EmployeeHasEvenId(Employee emp) { 25: return emp.ID % 2 == 0; 26: } 27: 28: static IEnumerable<Employee> Where(IEnumerable<Employee> employees, Filter filter) { 29: foreach (Employee emp in employees) { 30: if (filter(emp)) { 31: yield return emp; 32: } 33: } 34: } 35: } 36:  The output displays the same two employees.  Our Where method is too restricted since it works with a collection of Employees only. Lets change it so that it works with any IEnumerable<T>. In addition, you may recall from my previous post,  that .NET 3.5 comes with a lot of predefined delegates including public delegate TResult Func<T, TResult>(T arg); We will get rid of our Filter delegate and use the one above instead. We apply these two changes to our code. 1: public class Program 2: { 3: [STAThread] 4: static void Main(string[] args) 5: { 6: var employees = new List<Employee> { 7: new Employee { ID = 1, FirstName = "John", LastName = "Wright", Country = "USA" }, 8: new Employee { ID = 2, FirstName = "Jim", LastName = "Ashlock", Country = "UK" }, 9: new Employee { ID = 3, FirstName = "Jane", LastName = "Jackson", Country = "CHE" }, 10: new Employee { ID = 4, FirstName = "Jill", LastName = "Anderson", Country = "AUS" } 11: }; 12:  13: var filteredEmployees = Where(employees, emp => emp.ID % 2 == 0); 14:  15: foreach (Employee emp in filteredEmployees) { 16: Console.WriteLine("ID {0} First_Name {1} Last_Name {2} Country {3}", 17: emp.ID, emp.FirstName, emp.LastName, emp.Country); 18: } 19: Console.ReadLine(); 20: } 21: 22: static IEnumerable<T> Where<T>(IEnumerable<T> source, Func<T, bool> filter) { 23: foreach (var x in source) { 24: if (filter(x)) { 25: yield return x; 26: } 27: } 28: } 29: } We have successfully implemented a way to filter any IEnumerable<T> based on a  filter criteria. Projection Now lets enumerate on the items in the IEnumerable<Employee> we got from the Where method and copy them into a new IEnumerable<EmployeeFormatted>. The EmployeeFormatted class will only have a FullName and ID property. 1: public class EmployeeFormatted { 2: public int ID { get; set; } 3: public string FullName {get; set;} 4: } We could “project” our existing IEnumerable<Employee> into a new collection of IEnumerable<EmployeeFormatted> with the help of a new method. We will call this method Select ;-) 1: static IEnumerable<EmployeeFormatted> Select(IEnumerable<Employee> employees) { 2: foreach (var emp in employees) { 3: yield return new EmployeeFormatted { 4: ID = emp.ID, 5: FullName = emp.LastName + ", " + emp.FirstName 6: }; 7: } 8: } The changes are applied to our app. 1: public class Program 2: { 3: [STAThread] 4: static void Main(string[] args) 5: { 6: var employees = new List<Employee> { 7: new Employee { ID = 1, FirstName = "John", LastName = "Wright", Country = "USA" }, 8: new Employee { ID = 2, FirstName = "Jim", LastName = "Ashlock", Country = "UK" }, 9: new Employee { ID = 3, FirstName = "Jane", LastName = "Jackson", Country = "CHE" }, 10: new Employee { ID = 4, FirstName = "Jill", LastName = "Anderson", Country = "AUS" } 11: }; 12:  13: var filteredEmployees = Where(employees, emp => emp.ID % 2 == 0); 14: var formattedEmployees = Select(filteredEmployees); 15:  16: foreach (EmployeeFormatted emp in formattedEmployees) { 17: Console.WriteLine("ID {0} Full_Name {1}", 18: emp.ID, emp.FullName); 19: } 20: Console.ReadLine(); 21: } 22:  23: static IEnumerable<T> Where<T>(IEnumerable<T> source, Func<T, bool> filter) { 24: foreach (var x in source) { 25: if (filter(x)) { 26: yield return x; 27: } 28: } 29: } 30: 31: static IEnumerable<EmployeeFormatted> Select(IEnumerable<Employee> employees) { 32: foreach (var emp in employees) { 33: yield return new EmployeeFormatted { 34: ID = emp.ID, 35: FullName = emp.LastName + ", " + emp.FirstName 36: }; 37: } 38: } 39: } 40:  41: public class Employee { 42: public int ID { get; set;} 43: public string FirstName { get; set;} 44: public string LastName {get; set;} 45: public string Country { get; set; } 46: } 47:  48: public class EmployeeFormatted { 49: public int ID { get; set; } 50: public string FullName {get; set;} 51: } Output: ID 2 Full_Name Ashlock, Jim ID 4 Full_Name Anderson, Jill We have successfully selected employees who have an even ID and then shaped our data with the help of the Select method so that the final result is an IEnumerable<EmployeeFormatted>.  Lets make our Select method more generic so that the user is given the freedom to shape what the output would look like. We can do this, like before, with lambda expressions. Our Select method is changed to accept a delegate as shown below. TSource will be the type of data that comes in and TResult will be the type the user chooses (shape of data) as returned from the selector delegate. 1:  2: static IEnumerable<TResult> Select<TSource, TResult>(IEnumerable<TSource> source, Func<TSource, TResult> selector) { 3: foreach (var x in source) { 4: yield return selector(x); 5: } 6: } We see the new changes to our app. On line 15, we use lambda expression to specify the shape of the data. In this case the shape will be of type EmployeeFormatted. 1:  2: public class Program 3: { 4: [STAThread] 5: static void Main(string[] args) 6: { 7: var employees = new List<Employee> { 8: new Employee { ID = 1, FirstName = "John", LastName = "Wright", Country = "USA" }, 9: new Employee { ID = 2, FirstName = "Jim", LastName = "Ashlock", Country = "UK" }, 10: new Employee { ID = 3, FirstName = "Jane", LastName = "Jackson", Country = "CHE" }, 11: new Employee { ID = 4, FirstName = "Jill", LastName = "Anderson", Country = "AUS" } 12: }; 13:  14: var filteredEmployees = Where(employees, emp => emp.ID % 2 == 0); 15: var formattedEmployees = Select(filteredEmployees, (emp) => 16: new EmployeeFormatted { 17: ID = emp.ID, 18: FullName = emp.LastName + ", " + emp.FirstName 19: }); 20:  21: foreach (EmployeeFormatted emp in formattedEmployees) { 22: Console.WriteLine("ID {0} Full_Name {1}", 23: emp.ID, emp.FullName); 24: } 25: Console.ReadLine(); 26: } 27: 28: static IEnumerable<T> Where<T>(IEnumerable<T> source, Func<T, bool> filter) { 29: foreach (var x in source) { 30: if (filter(x)) { 31: yield return x; 32: } 33: } 34: } 35: 36: static IEnumerable<TResult> Select<TSource, TResult>(IEnumerable<TSource> source, Func<TSource, TResult> selector) { 37: foreach (var x in source) { 38: yield return selector(x); 39: } 40: } 41: } The code outputs the same result as before. On line 14 we filter our data and on line 15 we project our data. What if we wanted to be more expressive and concise? We could combine both line 14 and 15 into one line as shown below. Assuming you had to perform several operations like this on our collection, you would end up with some very unreadable code! 1: var formattedEmployees = Select(Where(employees, emp => emp.ID % 2 == 0), (emp) => 2: new EmployeeFormatted { 3: ID = emp.ID, 4: FullName = emp.LastName + ", " + emp.FirstName 5: }); A cleaner way to write this would be to give the appearance that the Select and Where methods were part of the IEnumerable<T>. This is exactly what extension methods give us. Extension methods have to be defined in a static class. Let us make the Select and Where extension methods on IEnumerable<T> 1: public static class MyExtensionMethods { 2: static IEnumerable<T> Where<T>(this IEnumerable<T> source, Func<T, bool> filter) { 3: foreach (var x in source) { 4: if (filter(x)) { 5: yield return x; 6: } 7: } 8: } 9: 10: static IEnumerable<TResult> Select<TSource, TResult>(this IEnumerable<TSource> source, Func<TSource, TResult> selector) { 11: foreach (var x in source) { 12: yield return selector(x); 13: } 14: } 15: } The creation of the extension method makes the syntax much cleaner as shown below. We can write as many extension methods as we want and keep on chaining them using this technique. 1: var formattedEmployees = employees 2: .Where(emp => emp.ID % 2 == 0) 3: .Select (emp => new EmployeeFormatted { ID = emp.ID, FullName = emp.LastName + ", " + emp.FirstName }); Making these changes and running our code produces the same result. 1: using System; 2: using System.Collections.Generic; 3:  4: public class Program 5: { 6: [STAThread] 7: static void Main(string[] args) 8: { 9: var employees = new List<Employee> { 10: new Employee { ID = 1, FirstName = "John", LastName = "Wright", Country = "USA" }, 11: new Employee { ID = 2, FirstName = "Jim", LastName = "Ashlock", Country = "UK" }, 12: new Employee { ID = 3, FirstName = "Jane", LastName = "Jackson", Country = "CHE" }, 13: new Employee { ID = 4, FirstName = "Jill", LastName = "Anderson", Country = "AUS" } 14: }; 15:  16: var formattedEmployees = employees 17: .Where(emp => emp.ID % 2 == 0) 18: .Select (emp => 19: new EmployeeFormatted { 20: ID = emp.ID, 21: FullName = emp.LastName + ", " + emp.FirstName 22: } 23: ); 24:  25: foreach (EmployeeFormatted emp in formattedEmployees) { 26: Console.WriteLine("ID {0} Full_Name {1}", 27: emp.ID, emp.FullName); 28: } 29: Console.ReadLine(); 30: } 31: } 32:  33: public static class MyExtensionMethods { 34: static IEnumerable<T> Where<T>(this IEnumerable<T> source, Func<T, bool> filter) { 35: foreach (var x in source) { 36: if (filter(x)) { 37: yield return x; 38: } 39: } 40: } 41: 42: static IEnumerable<TResult> Select<TSource, TResult>(this IEnumerable<TSource> source, Func<TSource, TResult> selector) { 43: foreach (var x in source) { 44: yield return selector(x); 45: } 46: } 47: } 48:  49: public class Employee { 50: public int ID { get; set;} 51: public string FirstName { get; set;} 52: public string LastName {get; set;} 53: public string Country { get; set; } 54: } 55:  56: public class EmployeeFormatted { 57: public int ID { get; set; } 58: public string FullName {get; set;} 59: } Let’s change our code to return a collection of anonymous types and get rid of the EmployeeFormatted type. We see that the code produces the same output. 1: using System; 2: using System.Collections.Generic; 3:  4: public class Program 5: { 6: [STAThread] 7: static void Main(string[] args) 8: { 9: var employees = new List<Employee> { 10: new Employee { ID = 1, FirstName = "John", LastName = "Wright", Country = "USA" }, 11: new Employee { ID = 2, FirstName = "Jim", LastName = "Ashlock", Country = "UK" }, 12: new Employee { ID = 3, FirstName = "Jane", LastName = "Jackson", Country = "CHE" }, 13: new Employee { ID = 4, FirstName = "Jill", LastName = "Anderson", Country = "AUS" } 14: }; 15:  16: var formattedEmployees = employees 17: .Where(emp => emp.ID % 2 == 0) 18: .Select (emp => 19: new { 20: ID = emp.ID, 21: FullName = emp.LastName + ", " + emp.FirstName 22: } 23: ); 24:  25: foreach (var emp in formattedEmployees) { 26: Console.WriteLine("ID {0} Full_Name {1}", 27: emp.ID, emp.FullName); 28: } 29: Console.ReadLine(); 30: } 31: } 32:  33: public static class MyExtensionMethods { 34: public static IEnumerable<T> Where<T>(this IEnumerable<T> source, Func<T, bool> filter) { 35: foreach (var x in source) { 36: if (filter(x)) { 37: yield return x; 38: } 39: } 40: } 41: 42: public static IEnumerable<TResult> Select<TSource, TResult>(this IEnumerable<TSource> source, Func<TSource, TResult> selector) { 43: foreach (var x in source) { 44: yield return selector(x); 45: } 46: } 47: } 48:  49: public class Employee { 50: public int ID { get; set;} 51: public string FirstName { get; set;} 52: public string LastName {get; set;} 53: public string Country { get; set; } 54: } To be more expressive, C# allows us to write our extension method calls as a query expression. Line 16 can be rewritten a query expression like so: 1: var formattedEmployees = from emp in employees 2: where emp.ID % 2 == 0 3: select new { 4: ID = emp.ID, 5: FullName = emp.LastName + ", " + emp.FirstName 6: }; When the compiler encounters an expression like the above, it simply rewrites it as calls to our extension methods.  So far we have been using our extension methods. The System.Linq namespace contains several extension methods for objects that implement the IEnumerable<T>. You can see a listing of these methods in the Enumerable class in the System.Linq namespace. Let’s get rid of our extension methods (which I purposefully wrote to be of the same signature as the ones in the Enumerable class) and use the ones provided in the Enumerable class. Our final code is shown below: 1: using System; 2: using System.Collections.Generic; 3: using System.Linq; //Added 4:  5: public class Program 6: { 7: [STAThread] 8: static void Main(string[] args) 9: { 10: var employees = new List<Employee> { 11: new Employee { ID = 1, FirstName = "John", LastName = "Wright", Country = "USA" }, 12: new Employee { ID = 2, FirstName = "Jim", LastName = "Ashlock", Country = "UK" }, 13: new Employee { ID = 3, FirstName = "Jane", LastName = "Jackson", Country = "CHE" }, 14: new Employee { ID = 4, FirstName = "Jill", LastName = "Anderson", Country = "AUS" } 15: }; 16:  17: var formattedEmployees = from emp in employees 18: where emp.ID % 2 == 0 19: select new { 20: ID = emp.ID, 21: FullName = emp.LastName + ", " + emp.FirstName 22: }; 23:  24: foreach (var emp in formattedEmployees) { 25: Console.WriteLine("ID {0} Full_Name {1}", 26: emp.ID, emp.FullName); 27: } 28: Console.ReadLine(); 29: } 30: } 31:  32: public class Employee { 33: public int ID { get; set;} 34: public string FirstName { get; set;} 35: public string LastName {get; set;} 36: public string Country { get; set; } 37: } 38:  39: public class EmployeeFormatted { 40: public int ID { get; set; } 41: public string FullName {get; set;} 42: } This post has shown you a basic overview of LINQ to Objects work by showning you how an expression is converted to a sequence of calls to extension methods when working directly with objects. It gets more interesting when working with LINQ to SQL where an expression tree is constructed – an in memory data representation of the expression. The C# compiler compiles these expressions into code that builds an expression tree at runtime. The provider can then traverse the expression tree and generate the appropriate SQL query. You can read more about expression trees in this MSDN article.

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  • How to scrape a _private_ google group?

    - by John
    Hi there, I'd like to scrape the discussion list of a private google group. It's a multi-page list and I might have to this later again so scripting sounds like the way to go. Since this is a private group, I need to login in my google account first. Unfortunately I can't manage to login using wget or ruby Net::HTTP. Surprisingly google groups is not accessible with the Client Login interface, so all the code samples are useless. My ruby script is embedded at the end of the post. The response to the authentication query is a 200-OK but no cookies in the response headers and the body contains the message "Your browser's cookie functionality is turned off. Please turn it on." I got the same output with wget. See the bash script at the end of this message. I don't know how to workaround this. am I missing something? Any idea? Thanks in advance. John Here is the ruby script: # a ruby script require 'net/https' http = Net::HTTP.new('www.google.com', 443) http.use_ssl = true path = '/accounts/ServiceLoginAuth' email='[email protected]' password='topsecret' # form inputs from the login page data = "Email=#{email}&Passwd=#{password}&dsh=7379491738180116079&GALX=irvvmW0Z-zI" headers = { 'Content-Type' => 'application/x-www-form-urlencoded', 'user-agent' => "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows; U; Windows NT 6.1; en-US) AppleWebKit/533.2 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/6.0"} # Post the request and print out the response to retrieve our authentication token resp, data = http.post(path, data, headers) puts resp resp.each {|h, v| puts h+'='+v} #warning: peer certificate won't be verified in this SSL session Here is the bash script: # A bash script for wget CMD="" CMD="$CMD --keep-session-cookies --save-cookies cookies.tmp" CMD="$CMD --no-check-certificate" CMD="$CMD --post-data='[email protected]&Passwd=topsecret&dsh=-8408553335275857936&GALX=irvvmW0Z-zI'" CMD="$CMD --user-agent='Mozilla'" CMD="$CMD https://www.google.com/accounts/ServiceLoginAuth" echo $CMD wget $CMD wget --load-cookies="cookies.tmp" http://groups.google.com/group/mygroup/topics?tsc=2

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