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  • Why aren't double quotes and backslashes allowed in strings in the JSON standard?

    - by Dan Herbert
    If I run this in a JavaScript console in Chrome or Firebug, it works fine. JSON.parse('"\u0027"') // Escaped single-quote But if I run either of these 2 lines in a Javascript console, it throws an error. JSON.parse('"\u0022"') // Escaped double-quote JSON.parse('"\u005C"') // Escaped backslash RFC 4627 section 2.5 seems to imply that \ and " are allowed characters as long as they're properly escaped. The 2 browsers I've tried this in don't seem to allow it, however. Is there something I'm doing wrong here or are they really not allowed in strings? I've also tried using \" and \\ in place of \u0022 and \u005C respectively. I feel like I'm just doing something very wrong, because I find it hard to believe that JSON would not allow these characters in strings, especially since the specification doesn't seem to mention anything that I could find saying they're not allowed.

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  • Problems Enforcing Referential Integrity on SQL Server Tables

    - by SidC
    Hello All, I have a SQL Server 2005 database comprised of Customer, Quote, QuoteDetail tables. I want/need to enforce referential integrity such that when an insert is made on quotedetail, the quote and customer tables are also affected. I have tried my best to set up primary/foreign keys on my tables but need some help. Here's the scripts for my tables as they stand now (please don't laugh): Customers: USE [Diel_inventory] GO /****** Object: Table [dbo].[Customers] Script Date: 05/08/2010 03:39:04 ******/ SET ANSI_NULLS ON GO SET QUOTED_IDENTIFIER ON GO CREATE TABLE [dbo].[Customers]( [pkCustID] [int] IDENTITY(1,1) NOT NULL, [CompanyName] [nvarchar](50) NULL, [Address] [nvarchar](50) NULL, [City] [nvarchar](50) NULL, [State] [nvarchar](2) NULL, [ZipCode] [nvarchar](5) NULL, [OfficePhone] [nvarchar](12) NULL, [OfficeFAX] [nvarchar](12) NULL, [Email] [nvarchar](50) NULL, [PrimaryContactName] [nvarchar](50) NULL, CONSTRAINT [PK_Customers] PRIMARY KEY CLUSTERED ([pkCustID] ASC)WITH (PAD_INDEX = OFF, STATISTICS_NORECOMPUTE = OFF, IGNORE_DUP_KEY = OFF, ALLOW_ROW_LOCKS = ON, ALLOW_PAGE_LOCKS = ON) ON [PRIMARY] ) ON [PRIMARY] Quotes: USE [Diel_inventory] GO /****** Object: Table [dbo].[Quotes] Script Date: 05/08/2010 03:30:46 ******/ SET ANSI_NULLS ON GO SET QUOTED_IDENTIFIER ON GO CREATE TABLE [dbo].[Quotes]( [pkQuoteID] [int] IDENTITY(1,1) NOT NULL, [fkCustomerID] [int] NOT NULL, [QuoteDate] [timestamp] NOT NULL, [NeedbyDate] [datetime] NULL, [QuoteAmt] [decimal](6, 2) NOT NULL, [QuoteApproved] [bit] NOT NULL, [fkOrderID] [int] NOT NULL, CONSTRAINT [PK_Bids] PRIMARY KEY CLUSTERED ( [pkQuoteID] ASC)WITH (PAD_INDEX = OFF, STATISTICS_NORECOMPUTE = OFF, IGNORE_DUP_KEY = OFF, ALLOW_ROW_LOCKS = ON, ALLOW_PAGE_LOCKS = ON) ON [PRIMARY] ) ON [PRIMARY] GO ALTER TABLE [dbo].[Quotes] WITH CHECK ADD CONSTRAINT [fkCustomerID] FOREIGN KEY([fkCustomerID]) REFERENCES [dbo].[Customers] ([pkCustID]) GO ALTER TABLE [dbo].[Quotes] CHECK CONSTRAINT [fkCustomerID] QuoteDetail: USE [Diel_inventory] GO /****** Object: Table [dbo].[QuoteDetail] Script Date: 05/08/2010 03:31:58 ******/ SET ANSI_NULLS ON GO SET QUOTED_IDENTIFIER ON GO CREATE TABLE [dbo].[QuoteDetail]( [ID] [int] IDENTITY(1,1) NOT NULL, [fkQuoteID] [int] NOT NULL, [fkCustomerID] [int] NOT NULL, [fkPartID] [int] NULL, [PartNumber1] [float] NOT NULL, [Qty1] [int] NOT NULL, [PartNumber2] [float] NULL, [Qty2] [int] NULL, [PartNumber3] [float] NULL, [Qty3] [int] NULL, [PartNumber4] [float] NULL, [Qty4] [int] NULL, [PartNumber5] [float] NULL, [Qty5] [int] NULL, [PartNumber6] [float] NULL, [Qty6] [int] NULL, [PartNumber7] [float] NULL, [Qty7] [int] NULL, [PartNumber8] [float] NULL, [Qty8] [int] NULL, [PartNumber9] [float] NULL, [Qty9] [int] NULL, [PartNumber10] [float] NULL, [Qty10] [int] NULL, [PartNumber11] [float] NULL, [Qty11] [int] NULL, [PartNumber12] [float] NULL, [Qty12] [int] NULL, [PartNumber13] [float] NULL, [Qty13] [int] NULL, [PartNumber14] [float] NULL, [Qty14] [int] NULL, [PartNumber15] [float] NULL, [Qty15] [int] NULL, [PartNumber16] [float] NULL, [Qty16] [int] NULL, [PartNumber17] [float] NULL, [Qty17] [int] NULL, [PartNumber18] [float] NULL, [Qty18] [int] NULL, [PartNumber19] [float] NULL, [Qty19] [int] NULL, [PartNumber20] [float] NULL, [Qty20] [int] NULL, CONSTRAINT [PK_QuoteDetail] PRIMARY KEY CLUSTERED ( [ID] ASC )WITH (PAD_INDEX = OFF, STATISTICS_NORECOMPUTE = OFF, IGNORE_DUP_KEY = OFF, ALLOW_ROW_LOCKS = ON, ALLOW_PAGE_LOCKS = ON) ON [PRIMARY] ) ON [PRIMARY] GO ALTER TABLE [dbo].[QuoteDetail] WITH CHECK ADD CONSTRAINT [FK_QuoteDetail_Customers] FOREIGN KEY ([fkCustomerID]) REFERENCES [dbo].[Customers] ([pkCustID]) GO ALTER TABLE [dbo].[QuoteDetail] CHECK CONSTRAINT [FK_QuoteDetail_Customers] GO ALTER TABLE [dbo].[QuoteDetail] WITH CHECK ADD CONSTRAINT [FK_QuoteDetail_PartList] FOREIGN KEY ([fkPartID]) REFERENCES [dbo].[PartList] ([RecID]) GO ALTER TABLE [dbo].[QuoteDetail] CHECK CONSTRAINT [FK_QuoteDetail_PartList] GO ALTER TABLE [dbo].[QuoteDetail] WITH CHECK ADD CONSTRAINT [FK_QuoteDetail_Quotes] FOREIGN KEY([fkQuoteID]) REFERENCES [dbo].[Quotes] ([pkQuoteID]) GO ALTER TABLE [dbo].[QuoteDetail] CHECK CONSTRAINT [FK_QuoteDetail_Quotes] Your advice/guidance on how to set these up so that customer ID in Customers is the same as in Quotes (referential integrity) and that CustomerID is inserted on Quotes and Customers when an insert is made to QuoteDetial would be much appreciated. Thanks, Sid

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  • Delphi plugin for pasting text constants in source code?

    - by mjn
    Inserting (pasting from clipboard) of text constants in the Delphi code editor requires some manual "postprocessing" ... split up long text into multiple lines (and insert the string concatenation symbol) escape quotes (replace single quotes with double quotes) enclose the string with quotes keep original white space (leadinng blanks, line feeds) Is there a IDE plugin available which helps to reduce these manual steps?

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  • Codeigniter: Retrieving data on button click with Ajax

    - by OllyTenerife
    I have a simple webpage which generates a random quote from my database upon refreshing the page. I wish to implement some AJAX and JQuery in order to generate quotes via the button rather than having to refresh the page. I have done some research but I am not sure how to implement this in Codeigniter. My current code is below... Page controller: public function index() { $this->load->model('quote_model', '', TRUE); $data['quotes'] = $this->quote_model->getRandom(); $this->load->view('home', $data); } The view: <?php include ('layout/header.php'); ?> <div class="container-fluid"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-4 quote-holder"> <img src="application/assets/alan1.jpg" alt="..." class="img-circle img-responsive"> <br> <blockquote class="text-center"> <p><?php echo $quotes[0]['quote']; ?></p> <footer class="text-center"><?php echo $quotes[0]['character_name']; ?> in <cite title="Source Title"><?php echo $quotes[0]['series_name']; ?></cite></footer> </blockquote> <button type="button" class="btn btn-default center-block">Generate quote</button> </div> </div> <?php include ('layout/footer.php'); ?> Here is the function in the model I am retrieving the data from: function getRandom() { $query = $this->db->query(" SELECT * FROM quotes, characters, series WHERE quotes.series_id = series.series_id AND quotes.character_id = characters.character_id ORDER BY rand() LIMIT 1 "); return $query->result_array(); } Should I simply be using something like this? $("button").click(function(){ $.get( "Page/index", function( data ) { //output data to page element... } });

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  • In Java, is there a way to write a string literal without having to escape quotes?

    - by Matthew
    Say you have a String literal with a lot of quotation marks inside it. You could escape them all, but it's a pain, and difficult to read. In some languages, you can just do this: foo = '"Hello, World"'; In Java, however, '' is used for chars, so you can't use it for Strings this way. Some languages have syntax to work around this. For example, in python, you can do this: """A pretty "convenient" string""" Does Java have anything similar?

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  • Regular expression for parsing CSV in PHP

    - by Discodancer
    I already managed to split the CSV file using this regex: "/,(?=(?:[^\"]\"[^\"]\")(?![^\"]\"))/" But I ended up with an array of strings that contain the opening and ending double quotes. Now I need a regex that would strip those strings of the delimiter double quotes. As far as I know the CSV format can encapsulate strings in double quotes, and all the double quotes that are already a part of the string are doubled. For example: My "other" cat becomes "My ""other"" cat" What I basically need is a regex that will replace all sequences of N doublequotes with a sequence of (N/2 - rounded down) double quotes. Or is there a better way ? Thanks in advance.

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  • Is -1 a magic number? An anti-pattern? A code smell? Quotes and guidelines from authorities

    - by polygenelubricants
    I've seen -1 used in various APIs, most commonly when searching into a "collection" with zero-based indices, usually to indicate the "not found" index. This "works" because -1 is never a legal index to begin with. It seems that any negative number should work, but I think -1 is almost always used, as some sort of (unwritten?) convention. I would like to limit the scope to Java at least for now. My questions are: What are the official words from Sun regarding using -1 as a "special" return value like this? What quotes are there regarding this issue, from e.g. James Gosling, Josh Bloch, or even other authoritative figures outside of Java? What were some of the notable discussions regarding this issue in the past?

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  • How do I access column data in a previous select statement from a sub-query? [closed]

    - by payling
    PROBLEM How do I access column data in a previous select statement from a sub-query? Below is a simple mock up of what I'm attempting to do. Tables used: Quotes, Users QUOTES TABLE qid, (quote id) owner_uid, creator_uid SQL SYNTAX: SELECT q.qid, q.owner_uid, q.creator_uid, owner.fname, owner.lname FROM quotes q, (SELECT u.fname, u.lname FROM users u WHERE u.uid = q.owner_uid) AS owner WHERE q.qid = '#' SUMMARY I want to be able to use the quote table's owner_uid and specify it for the owner table so I can return all the owner info for that particular quote. The problem is, q.owner_uid is not recognized in the owner sub-query. What am I doing wrong?

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  • Creating meaningful add URLs in Cakephp

    - by Loftx
    Hi there, For my site I have a number of Orders each of which contains a number of Quotes. A quote is always tied to an individual order, so in the quotes controller I add a quote with reference to it's order: function add($orderId) { // funtion here } And the calling URL looks a bit like http://www.example.com/quotes/add/1 It occurred to me the URLs would make more sense if they looked a bit more like http://www.example.com/orders/1/quotes/add As the quote is being added to order 1. Is this something it's possible to achive in CakePHP? Cheers, Tom

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  • Writing csv files with python with exact formatting parameters

    - by Ben Harrison
    I'm having trouble with processing some csv data files for a project. The project's programmer has moved onto greener pastures, and now I'm trying to finish the data analysis up (I did/do the statistical analysis.) The programmer suggested using python/csv reader to help break down the files, which I've had some success with, but not in a way I can use. This code is a little different from what I was trying before. I am essentially attempting to create an array. In the raw data format, the first 7 rows contain no data, and then each column contains 50 experiments, each with 4000 rows, for 200000 some rows total. What I want to do is take each column, and make it an individual csv file, with each experiment in its own column. So it would be an array of 50 columns and 4000 rows for each data type. The code here does break down the correct values, I think the logic is okay, but it is breaking down the opposite of how I want it. I want the separators without quotes (the commas and spaces) and I want the element values in quotes. Right now it is doing just the opposite for both, element values with no quotes, and the separators in quotes. I've spent several hours trying to figure out how to do this to no avail, import csv ifile = open('00_follow_maverick.csv') epistemicfile = open('00_follower_maverick_EP.csv', 'w') reader = csv.reader(ifile) colnum = 0 rownum = 0 y = 0 z = 8 for column in reader: rownum = 4000 * y + z for element in column: writer = csv.writer(epistemicfile) if y <= 50: y = y + 1 writer.writerow([element]) writer.writerow(',') rownum = x * y + z if y > 50: y = 0 z = z + 1 writer.writerow(' ') rownum = x * y + z if z >= 4008: break What is going on: I am taking each row in the raw data file in iterations of 4000, so that I can separate them with commas for the 50 experiments. When y, the experiment indicator here, reaches 50, it resets back to experiment 0, and adds 1 to z, which tells it which row to look at, by the formula of 4000 * y + z. When it completes the rows for all 50 experiments, it is finished. The problem here is that I don't know how to get python to write the actual values in quotes, and my separators outside of quotes. Any help will be most appreciated. Apologies if this seems a stupid question, I have no programming experience, this is my first attempt ever. Thank you.

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  • Escape apostrophes inside double quoted strings (Javascript)

    - by George Sheppard
    Say i have a string that i need to evaluate in javascript such as : window.some_class.update( 'Runner', 'update_runner', '{"runner":{"id":"1","name":"Nin's Lad" } }'); In order for eval() to evaluate it, i need to escape the apostrophe in runner_name (Nin's Lad). Is this possable with regex? I dont want to escape the single quotes around Runner and update_runner. I'd just like to escape any single quotes inside double quotes. Thanks,

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  • Regular Expression Newbie

    - by Registered User
    I need to parse strings inputs where the columns are separated by columns and any field that contains a comma in the data is wrapped in quotes (commas separated, quoted text identifiers). For this project I need to remove the quotes and any commas that occur between pairs of quotes. Basically, I need to remove commas and quotes that are contained in fields while preserving the commas that are used to separate the fields. Here's a little code I put together that handles the simple scenario: // Sample input 1: This works and covers 99% of the records that I need to parse. string str1 = "[email protected],2010/03/27 12:2:02,,some_first_name,some_last_name,,\"This Address Works, Suite 200\",Some City,TN,09876-5432,9795551212x123,XYZ"; str1 = Regex.Replace(str1, "\"([^\"^,]*),([^\"^,]*)\"", "$1$2"); Console.WriteLine(str1); // Outputs: [email protected],2010/03/27 12:2:02,,some_first_name,some_last_name,,This Address Works Suite 200,Some City,TN,09876-5432,9795551212x123,XYZ Although this code works for most of my records, it doesn't work when a field contains more than one commas. What I would like to do is modify the code so that it remove each instance of a comma contained within the column no matter how many commas there are in the field. I don't want to hard code only handling 2 commas, or 3 commas, or 25 commas. The code should just remove all the commas in the field. Below is an example of what my code doesn't handle properly. // Sample input 2: This doesn't work since there is more than 1 comma between the quotes. string str2 = "[email protected],2010/03/27 12:2:02,,some_first_name,some_last_name,,\"i,l,k,e, c,o,m,m,a,s, i,n ,m,y, f,i,e,l,d\",Some City,TN,09876-5432,9795551212x123,XYZ"; str2 = Regex.Replace(str2, "\"([^\"^,]*),([^\"^,]*)\"", "$1$2"); Console.WriteLine(str2); // Desired output: [email protected],2010/03/27 12:2:02,,some_first_name,some_last_name,,i like commas in my field,Some City,TN,09876-5432,9795551212x123,XYZ Any help would be appreciated for this Regular Expression newbie.

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  • windows C system call with spaces in command

    - by myforwik
    I cannot make system calls with spaces in the names and parameters. For example: system("c:\program files\something\example.exe c:\my files\example.txt"); I have tried escaping in every way I know how, and NOTHING works. I have tried: system("\"c:\program files\something\example.exe\" \"c:\my files\example.txt\""); and system("c:\program^ files\something\example.exe c:\my^ files\example.txt"); Neither work. I still get 'c:\program' is not a recongnised internal or external command This is really driving me mad... I need to call and pass parameters that have spaces in them. I cannot use the short notation for reasons I won't go into. I have tried with ' quotes instead of " quotes, still doesn't work. I have tried putting quotes around the whole thing and quotes around the spaces and that doesn't work. Does anyone know how to do it properly?

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  • ms-access: displaying column as "something else"

    - by every_answer_gets_a_point
    i have the following access sql statement: SELECT * FROM (SELECT [Occurrence Number], [Occurrence Date], [1 0 Preanalytical (Before Testing)], [Cup Type], NULL as '2 0 Analytical (Testing Phase)', [2 0 Area], NULL,NULL FROM [Lab Occurrence Form] WHERE NOT ([1 0 Preanalytical (Before Testing)] IS NULL) in this: NULL as '2 0 Analytical (Testing Phase)' when it displays the column it shows the single quote. if i remove the quote completely it gives me an error, if i use double quotes it shows me the double quotes in the resulting table is it possible to not have it show any quotes?

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  • How to make Windows command prompt treat single quote as though it is a double quote?

    - by mark
    My scenario is simple - I am copying script samples from the Mercurial online book (at http://hGBook.red-bean.com) and pasting them in a Windows command prompt. The problem is that the samples in the book use single quoted strings. When a single quoted string is passed on the Windows command prompt, the latter does not recognize that everything between the single quotes belongs to one string. For example, the following command: hg commit -m 'Initial commit' cannot be pasted as is in a command prompt, because the latter treats 'Initial commit' as two strings - 'Initial and commit'. I have to edit the command after paste and it is annoying. Is it possible to instruct the Windows command prompt to treat single quotes similarly to the double one? EDIT Following the reply by JdeBP I have done a little research. Here is the summary: Mercurial entry point looks like so (it is a python program): def run(): "run the command in sys.argv" sys.exit(dispatch(request(sys.argv[1:]))) So, I have created a tiny python program to mimic the command line processing used by mercurial: import sys print sys.argv[1:] Here is the Unix console log: [hg@Quake ~]$ python 1.py "1 2 3" ['1 2 3'] [hg@Quake ~]$ python 1.py '1 2 3' ['1 2 3'] [hg@Quake ~]$ python 1.py 1 2 3 ['1', '2', '3'] [hg@Quake ~]$ And here is the respective Windows console log: C:\Workpython 1.py "1 2 3" ['1 2 3'] C:\Workpython 1.py '1 2 3' ["'1", '2', "3'"] C:\Workpython 1.py 1 2 3 ['1', '2', '3'] C:\Work One can clearly see that Windows does not treat single quotes as double quotes. And this is the essence of my question.

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  • Pass quoted argument string to Start-Process in PowerShell

    - by Luke Puplett
    Hello I'm trying to very simply run an executable and pass a file path in as the first argument. In DOS, this would be the command: import.exe "C:\Some Path\With\Spaces.txt" By placing the path in quotes, the path is correctly parsed as the first token into the executable. In PowerShell I'm using this: $feeds = dir 'T:\Documents\Company\Product Development\Data foreach ($feed in $feeds) { start -FilePath import.exe -ArgumentList $feed.FullName } The problem with the Start-Process cmdlet in PowerShell is that it uses a string array for arguments, so the path is broken up and sent to the executable as separate tokens. Quotes in PowerShell force $feed.FullName to be treated literally. Double quotes "" make PowerShell not see anything in the argument list. "The argument is null or empty." it tells me. I expect that this is a known headache and has had a known workaround from day one. Thanks Luke

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  • vbs - 800A0401 - Expected End of Statement

    - by user93200
    The bat has >>%vbs% echo oShellLink.IconLocation = "%1, 0"to produce oShellLink.IconLocation = ""C:\WINDOWS\NOTEPAD.exe", 0"` where %1 is a quoted path However, unless I remove the quotes from path like here: oShellLink.IconLocation = "C:\WINDOWS\NOTEPAD.exe, 0" I get the titular error. What do you suggest? (Note that %1 is always supplied with quotes) Also, I'm not very familiar with vbscript, why does it require no quotes next to each other? ... Still not clear why vbscript can't interpret this assignment, but found a fix: %~1 - Expands %1 and removes any surrounding quotation marks ("").

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  • Microsoft and jQuery

    - by Rick Strahl
    The jQuery JavaScript library has been steadily getting more popular and with recent developments from Microsoft, jQuery is also getting ever more exposure on the ASP.NET platform including now directly from Microsoft. jQuery is a light weight, open source DOM manipulation library for JavaScript that has changed how many developers think about JavaScript. You can download it and find more information on jQuery on www.jquery.com. For me jQuery has had a huge impact on how I develop Web applications and was probably the main reason I went from dreading to do JavaScript development to actually looking forward to implementing client side JavaScript functionality. It has also had a profound impact on my JavaScript skill level for me by seeing how the library accomplishes things (and often reviewing the terse but excellent source code). jQuery made an uncomfortable development platform (JavaScript + DOM) a joy to work on. Although jQuery is by no means the only JavaScript library out there, its ease of use, small size, huge community of plug-ins and pure usefulness has made it easily the most popular JavaScript library available today. As a long time jQuery user, I’ve been excited to see the developments from Microsoft that are bringing jQuery to more ASP.NET developers and providing more integration with jQuery for ASP.NET’s core features rather than relying on the ASP.NET AJAX library. Microsoft and jQuery – making Friends jQuery is an open source project but in the last couple of years Microsoft has really thrown its weight behind supporting this open source library as a supported component on the Microsoft platform. When I say supported I literally mean supported: Microsoft now offers actual tech support for jQuery as part of their Product Support Services (PSS) as jQuery integration has become part of several of the ASP.NET toolkits and ships in several of the default Web project templates in Visual Studio 2010. The ASP.NET MVC 3 framework (still in Beta) also uses jQuery for a variety of client side support features including client side validation and we can look forward toward more integration of client side functionality via jQuery in both MVC and WebForms in the future. In other words jQuery is becoming an optional but included component of the ASP.NET platform. PSS support means that support staff will answer jQuery related support questions as part of any support incidents related to ASP.NET which provides some piece of mind to some corporate development shops that require end to end support from Microsoft. In addition to including jQuery and supporting it, Microsoft has also been getting involved in providing development resources for extending jQuery’s functionality via plug-ins. Microsoft’s last version of the Microsoft Ajax Library – which is the successor to the native ASP.NET AJAX Library – included some really cool functionality for client templates, databinding and localization. As it turns out Microsoft has rebuilt most of that functionality using jQuery as the base API and provided jQuery plug-ins of these components. Very recently these three plug-ins were submitted and have been approved for inclusion in the official jQuery plug-in repository and been taken over by the jQuery team for further improvements and maintenance. Even more surprising: The jQuery-templates component has actually been approved for inclusion in the next major update of the jQuery core in jQuery V1.5, which means it will become a native feature that doesn’t require additional script files to be loaded. Imagine this – an open source contribution from Microsoft that has been accepted into a major open source project for a core feature improvement. Microsoft has come a long way indeed! What the Microsoft Involvement with jQuery means to you For Microsoft jQuery support is a strategic decision that affects their direction in client side development, but nothing stopped you from using jQuery in your applications prior to Microsoft’s official backing and in fact a large chunk of developers did so readily prior to Microsoft’s announcement. Official support from Microsoft brings a few benefits to developers however. jQuery support in Visual Studio 2010 means built-in support for jQuery IntelliSense, automatically added jQuery scripts in many projects types and a common base for client side functionality that actually uses what most developers are already using. If you have already been using jQuery and were worried about straying from the Microsoft line and their internal Microsoft Ajax Library – worry no more. With official support and the change in direction towards jQuery Microsoft is now following along what most in the ASP.NET community had already been doing by using jQuery, which is likely the reason for Microsoft’s shift in direction in the first place. ASP.NET AJAX and the Microsoft AJAX Library weren’t bad technology – there was tons of useful functionality buried in these libraries. However, these libraries never got off the ground, mainly because early incarnations were squarely aimed at control/component developers rather than application developers. For all the functionality that these controls provided for control developers they lacked in useful and easily usable application developer functionality that was easily accessible in day to day client side development. The result was that even though Microsoft shipped support for these tools in the box (in .NET 3.5 and 4.0), other than for the internal support in ASP.NET for things like the UpdatePanel and the ASP.NET AJAX Control Toolkit as well as some third party vendors, the Microsoft client libraries were largely ignored by the developer community opening the door for other client side solutions. Microsoft seems to be acknowledging developer choice in this case: Many more developers were going down the jQuery path rather than using the Microsoft built libraries and there seems to be little sense in continuing development of a technology that largely goes unused by the majority of developers. Kudos for Microsoft for recognizing this and gracefully changing directions. Note that even though there will be no further development in the Microsoft client libraries they will continue to be supported so if you’re using them in your applications there’s no reason to start running for the exit in a panic and start re-writing everything with jQuery. Although that might be a reasonable choice in some cases, jQuery and the Microsoft libraries work well side by side so that you can leave existing solutions untouched even as you enhance them with jQuery. The Microsoft jQuery Plug-ins – Solid Core Features One of the most interesting developments in Microsoft’s embracing of jQuery is that Microsoft has started contributing to jQuery via standard mechanism set for jQuery developers: By submitting plug-ins. Microsoft took some of the nicest new features of the unpublished Microsoft Ajax Client Library and re-wrote these components for jQuery and then submitted them as plug-ins to the jQuery plug-in repository. Accepted plug-ins get taken over by the jQuery team and that’s exactly what happened with the three plug-ins submitted by Microsoft with the templating plug-in even getting slated to be published as part of the jQuery core in the next major release (1.5). The following plug-ins are provided by Microsoft: jQuery Templates – a client side template rendering engine jQuery Data Link – a client side databinder that can synchronize changes without code jQuery Globalization – provides formatting and conversion features for dates and numbers The first two are ports of functionality that was slated for the Microsoft Ajax Library while functionality for the globalization library provides functionality that was already found in the original ASP.NET AJAX library. To me all three plug-ins address a pressing need in client side applications and provide functionality I’ve previously used in other incarnations, but with more complete implementations. Let’s take a close look at these plug-ins. jQuery Templates http://api.jquery.com/category/plugins/templates/ Client side templating is a key component for building rich JavaScript applications in the browser. Templating on the client lets you avoid from manually creating markup by creating DOM nodes and injecting them individually into the document via code. Rather you can create markup templates – similar to the way you create classic ASP server markup – and merge data into these templates to render HTML which you can then inject into the document or replace existing content with. Output from templates are rendered as a jQuery matched set and can then be easily inserted into the document as needed. Templating is key to minimize client side code and reduce repeated code for rendering logic. Instead a single template can be used in many places for updating and adding content to existing pages. Further if you build pure AJAX interfaces that rely entirely on client rendering of the initial page content, templates allow you to a use a single markup template to handle all rendering of each specific HTML section/element. I’ve used a number of different client rendering template engines with jQuery in the past including jTemplates (a PHP style templating engine) and a modified version of John Resig’s MicroTemplating engine which I built into my own set of libraries because it’s such a commonly used feature in my client side applications. jQuery templates adds a much richer templating model that allows for sub-templates and access to the data items. Like John Resig’s original Micro Template engine, the core basics of the templating engine create JavaScript code which means that templates can include JavaScript code. To give you a basic idea of how templates work imagine I have an application that downloads a set of stock quotes based on a symbol list then displays them in the document. To do this you can create an ‘item’ template that describes how each of the quotes is renderd as a template inside of the document: <script id="stockTemplate" type="text/x-jquery-tmpl"> <div id="divStockQuote" class="errordisplay" style="width: 500px;"> <div class="label">Company:</div><div><b>${Company}(${Symbol})</b></div> <div class="label">Last Price:</div><div>${LastPrice}</div> <div class="label">Net Change:</div><div> {{if NetChange > 0}} <b style="color:green" >${NetChange}</b> {{else}} <b style="color:red" >${NetChange}</b> {{/if}} </div> <div class="label">Last Update:</div><div>${LastQuoteTimeString}</div> </div> </script> The ‘template’ is little more than HTML with some markup expressions inside of it that define the template language. Notice the embedded ${} expressions which reference data from the quote objects returned from an AJAX call on the server. You can embed any JavaScript or value expression in these template expressions. There are also a number of structural commands like {{if}} and {{each}} that provide for rudimentary logic inside of your templates as well as commands ({{tmpl}} and {{wrap}}) for nesting templates. You can find more about the full set of markup expressions available in the documentation. To load up this data you can use code like the following: <script type="text/javascript"> //var Proxy = new ServiceProxy("../PageMethods/PageMethodsService.asmx/"); $(document).ready(function () { $("#btnGetQuotes").click(GetQuotes); }); function GetQuotes() { var symbols = $("#txtSymbols").val().split(","); $.ajax({ url: "../PageMethods/PageMethodsService.asmx/GetStockQuotes", data: JSON.stringify({ symbols: symbols }), // parameter map type: "POST", // data has to be POSTed contentType: "application/json", timeout: 10000, dataType: "json", success: function (result) { var quotes = result.d; var jEl = $("#stockTemplate").tmpl(quotes); $("#quoteDisplay").empty().append(jEl); }, error: function (xhr, status) { alert(status + "\r\n" + xhr.responseText); } }); }; </script> In this case an ASMX AJAX service is called to retrieve the stock quotes. The service returns an array of quote objects. The result is returned as an object with the .d property (in Microsoft service style) that returns the actual array of quotes. The template is applied with: var jEl = $("#stockTemplate").tmpl(quotes); which selects the template script tag and uses the .tmpl() function to apply the data to it. The result is a jQuery matched set of elements that can then be appended to the quote display element in the page. The template is merged against an array in this example. When the result is an array the template is automatically applied to each each array item. If you pass a single data item – like say a stock quote – the template works exactly the same way but is applied only once. Templates also have access to a $data item which provides the current data item and information about the tempalte that is currently executing. This makes it possible to keep context within the context of the template itself and also to pass context from a parent template to a child template which is very powerful. Templates can be evaluated by using the template selector and calling the .tmpl() function on the jQuery matched set as shown above or you can use the static $.tmpl() function to provide a template as a string. This allows you to dynamically create templates in code or – more likely – to load templates from the server via AJAX calls. In short there are options The above shows off some of the basics, but there’s much for functionality available in the template engine. Check the documentation link for more information and links to additional examples. The plug-in download also comes with a number of examples that demonstrate functionality. jQuery templates will become a native component in jQuery Core 1.5, so it’s definitely worthwhile checking out the engine today and get familiar with this interface. As much as I’m stoked about templating becoming part of the jQuery core because it’s such an integral part of many applications, there are also a couple shortcomings in the current incarnation: Lack of Error Handling Currently if you embed an expression that is invalid it’s simply not rendered. There’s no error rendered into the template nor do the various  template functions throw errors which leaves finding of bugs as a runtime exercise. I would like some mechanism – optional if possible – to be able to get error info of what is failing in a template when it’s rendered. No String Output Templates are always rendered into a jQuery matched set and there’s no way that I can see to directly render to a string. String output can be useful for debugging as well as opening up templating for creating non-HTML string output. Limited JavaScript Access Unlike John Resig’s original MicroTemplating Engine which was entirely based on JavaScript code generation these templates are limited to a few structured commands that can ‘execute’. There’s no code execution inside of script code which means you’re limited to calling expressions available in global objects or the data item passed in. This may or may not be a big deal depending on the complexity of your template logic. Error handling has been discussed quite a bit and it’s likely there will be some solution to that particualar issue by the time jQuery templates ship. The others are relatively minor issues but something to think about anyway. jQuery Data Link http://api.jquery.com/category/plugins/data-link/ jQuery Data Link provides the ability to do two-way data binding between input controls and an underlying object’s properties. The typical scenario is linking a textbox to a property of an object and have the object updated when the text in the textbox is changed and have the textbox change when the value in the object or the entire object changes. The plug-in also supports converter functions that can be applied to provide the conversion logic from string to some other value typically necessary for mapping things like textbox string input to say a number property and potentially applying additional formatting and calculations. In theory this sounds great, however in reality this plug-in has some serious usability issues. Using the plug-in you can do things like the following to bind data: person = { firstName: "rick", lastName: "strahl"}; $(document).ready( function() { // provide for two-way linking of inputs $("form").link(person); // bind to non-input elements explicitly $("#objFirst").link(person, { firstName: { name: "objFirst", convertBack: function (value, source, target) { $(target).text(value); } } }); $("#objLast").link(person, { lastName: { name: "objLast", convertBack: function (value, source, target) { $(target).text(value); } } }); }); This code hooks up two-way linking between a couple of textboxes on the page and the person object. The first line in the .ready() handler provides mapping of object to form field with the same field names as properties on the object. Note that .link() does NOT bind items into the textboxes when you call .link() – changes are mapped only when values change and you move out of the field. Strike one. The two following commands allow manual binding of values to specific DOM elements which is effectively a one-way bind. You specify the object and a then an explicit mapping where name is an ID in the document. The converter is required to explicitly assign the value to the element. Strike two. You can also detect changes to the underlying object and cause updates to the input elements bound. Unfortunately the syntax to do this is not very natural as you have to rely on the jQuery data object. To update an object’s properties and get change notification looks like this: function updateFirstName() { $(person).data("firstName", person.firstName + " (code updated)"); } This works fine in causing any linked fields to be updated. In the bindings above both the firstName input field and objFirst DOM element gets updated. But the syntax requires you to use a jQuery .data() call for each property change to ensure that the changes are tracked properly. Really? Sure you’re binding through multiple layers of abstraction now but how is that better than just manually assigning values? The code savings (if any) are going to be minimal. As much as I would like to have a WPF/Silverlight/Observable-like binding mechanism in client script, this plug-in doesn’t help much towards that goal in its current incarnation. While you can bind values, the ‘binder’ is too limited to be really useful. If initial values can’t be assigned from the mappings you’re going to end up duplicating work loading the data using some other mechanism. There’s no easy way to re-bind data with a different object altogether since updates trigger only through the .data members. Finally, any non-input elements have to be bound via code that’s fairly verbose and frankly may be more voluminous than what you might write by hand for manual binding and unbinding. Two way binding can be very useful but it has to be easy and most importantly natural. If it’s more work to hook up a binding than writing a couple of lines to do binding/unbinding this sort of thing helps very little in most scenarios. In talking to some of the developers the feature set for Data Link is not complete and they are still soliciting input for features and functionality. If you have ideas on how you want this feature to be more useful get involved and post your recommendations. As it stands, it looks to me like this component needs a lot of love to become useful. For this component to really provide value, bindings need to be able to be refreshed easily and work at the object level, not just the property level. It seems to me we would be much better served by a model binder object that can perform these binding/unbinding tasks in bulk rather than a tool where each link has to be mapped first. I also find the choice of creating a jQuery plug-in questionable – it seems a standalone object – albeit one that relies on the jQuery library – would provide a more intuitive interface than the current forcing of options onto a plug-in style interface. Out of the three Microsoft created components this is by far the least useful and least polished implementation at this point. jQuery Globalization http://github.com/jquery/jquery-global Globalization in JavaScript applications often gets short shrift and part of the reason for this is that natively in JavaScript there’s little support for formatting and parsing of numbers and dates. There are a number of JavaScript libraries out there that provide some support for globalization, but most are limited to a particular portion of globalization. As .NET developers we’re fairly spoiled by the richness of APIs provided in the framework and when dealing with client development one really notices the lack of these features. While you may not necessarily need to localize your application the globalization plug-in also helps with some basic tasks for non-localized applications: Dealing with formatting and parsing of dates and time values. Dates in particular are problematic in JavaScript as there are no formatters whatsoever except the .toString() method which outputs a verbose and next to useless long string. With the globalization plug-in you get a good chunk of the formatting and parsing functionality that the .NET framework provides on the server. You can write code like the following for example to format numbers and dates: var date = new Date(); var output = $.format(date, "MMM. dd, yy") + "\r\n" + $.format(date, "d") + "\r\n" + // 10/25/2010 $.format(1222.32213, "N2") + "\r\n" + $.format(1222.33, "c") + "\r\n"; alert(output); This becomes even more useful if you combine it with templates which can also include any JavaScript expressions. Assuming the globalization plug-in is loaded you can create template expressions that use the $.format function. Here’s the template I used earlier for the stock quote again with a couple of formats applied: <script id="stockTemplate" type="text/x-jquery-tmpl"> <div id="divStockQuote" class="errordisplay" style="width: 500px;"> <div class="label">Company:</div><div><b>${Company}(${Symbol})</b></div> <div class="label">Last Price:</div> <div>${$.format(LastPrice,"N2")}</div> <div class="label">Net Change:</div><div> {{if NetChange > 0}} <b style="color:green" >${NetChange}</b> {{else}} <b style="color:red" >${NetChange}</b> {{/if}} </div> <div class="label">Last Update:</div> <div>${$.format(LastQuoteTime,"MMM dd, yyyy")}</div> </div> </script> There are also parsing methods that can parse dates and numbers from strings into numbers easily: alert($.parseDate("25.10.2010")); alert($.parseInt("12.222")); // de-DE uses . for thousands separators As you can see culture specific options are taken into account when parsing. The globalization plugin provides rich support for a variety of locales: Get a list of all available cultures Query cultures for culture items (like currency symbol, separators etc.) Localized string names for all calendar related items (days of week, months) Generated off of .NET’s supported locales In short you get much of the same functionality that you already might be using in .NET on the server side. The plugin includes a huge number of locales and an Globalization.all.min.js file that contains the text defaults for each of these locales as well as small locale specific script files that define each of the locale specific settings. It’s highly recommended that you NOT use the huge globalization file that includes all locales, but rather add script references to only those languages you explicitly care about. Overall this plug-in is a welcome helper. Even if you use it with a single locale (like en-US) and do no other localization, you’ll gain solid support for number and date formatting which is a vital feature of many applications. Changes for Microsoft It’s good to see Microsoft coming out of its shell and away from the ‘not-built-here’ mentality that has been so pervasive in the past. It’s especially good to see it applied to jQuery – a technology that has stood in drastic contrast to Microsoft’s own internal efforts in terms of design, usage model and… popularity. It’s great to see that Microsoft is paying attention to what customers prefer to use and supporting the customer sentiment – even if it meant drastically changing course of policy and moving into a more open and sharing environment in the process. The additional jQuery support that has been introduced in the last two years certainly has made lives easier for many developers on the ASP.NET platform. It’s also nice to see Microsoft submitting proposals through the standard jQuery process of plug-ins and getting accepted for various very useful projects. Certainly the jQuery Templates plug-in is going to be very useful to many especially since it will be baked into the jQuery core in jQuery 1.5. I hope we see more of this type of involvement from Microsoft in the future. Kudos!© Rick Strahl, West Wind Technologies, 2005-2010Posted in jQuery  ASP.NET  

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