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• Hardware recommendations for building an Ubuntu encrypted file server

  - by Robert Mashlan

  I would like to build a file server for my home network using Ubuntu. It will serve files from RAID1 configured disks, either in the OS or in hardware. It will be connected to a Gigabit ethernet LAN. The disks will use an encrypted file system. It will serve samba shares. I would like a recommendation on what kind of processing power/memory I would need to build a box that would be able to sustain the full capacity of the Gigabit ethernet connection in a file transfer for a single connection with the overhead of serving from an encrypted disk. I'm not looking to build a dream server, I just want enough processing capacity for high performance (and reliable) file sharing and spend as little as possible for it. This may be tangential, but what kind of hardware would I need to have a server be able to reliably go into a low power mode when no requests are being made of it?

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• How to get the CentOS 5.6 alsa drivers which will really work with one shot, without any internet.

  - by 89899.3K

  I have one chance to install this in my server on site. Server that i am running is CentOS 5.6 (Dell R310, RAID1) where i need to install alsa-sound driver so that anything related to audio recording from rtsp is working (rail station/rail passing video recording including audio, where audio is not working). Unfortunately i do not have any kind of internet in that odd none human location so yum will not work for me. I need a offline way to install alsa drivers including missing dependencies if arise. What and where i can download this to my usb or cd? so that i can successfully install it (like mission complete). Thanks

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• Raidz in FreeNAS eating more space than expected

  - by swood

  I just got 6 new 2TB drives, and added them to my FreeNAS box. I have only dealt with RAID1 previously, and each setup has given what I was expecting. However, with the 6*2TB drives, I wanted to maximize the space available, so I went with raidz. But I seem to be missing space. I have 8.6TB available after the raidz was built. Maybe I did my math horribly wrong, but (N-1) x S(min) (where N=6 and S(min)=2TB) should result in 10TB. (I understand it would be more like 9.something) Does raidz actually consume more then 1 drive worth of space? Or could their possibly be another problem? (All drives have been independently verified that 2TB of space is available)

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• Automated “ubuntu-12.04.1-server-amd64” OS installation on physical machine

  - by user285336

  We are using Physical server and are in process of Automated “ubuntu-12.04.1-server-amd64” OS installation on it. There are two HDD for OS installation purpose and there are RAID1 relation between them. This setup has been done through BIOS. The kickstart configuration file looks like this: #Generated by Kickstart Configurator #platform=AMD64 or Intel EM64T #System language lang en_US #Language modules to install langsupport en_US #System keyboard keyboard us #System mouse mouse #System timezone timezone Asia/Dili #Root password rootpw --iscrypted $1$Yl1QJyta$KzIT.kq3i9E5XaiQKcUJn/ #Initial user user ankit --fullname "Ankit" --iscrypted --password $1$c6Yflpea$pi1QQ59/jgywmGwBv25z3/ #Reboot after installation reboot #Use text mode install text #Install OS instead of upgrade install #Use Web installation url --url my_repo_location #System bootloader configuration bootloader --location=mbr #Clear the Master Boot Record zerombr yes #Partition clearing information clearpart --all --initlabel #Disk partitioning information part /boot --fstype ext4 --size 100 --ondisk sda part / --fstype ext4 --size 10000 --ondisk sda part /var --fstype ext4 --size 10000 --ondisk sda part swap --size 1024 --ondisk sdb #System authorization infomation auth --useshadow --enablemd5 #Network information network --bootproto=dhcp --device=eth0 #Firewall configuration firewall --enabled --trust=eth0 --http --ftp --ssh --telnet --smtp #X Window System configuration information xconfig --depth=8 --resolution=640x480 --defaultdesktop=GNOME But I am getting the below error : No root file system is defined Please suggest on this. Do we need to do any modification in kickstart configuration file. Any help in this regard will be very helpful for us. The automated Ubuntu OS installation is successful in Virtual Machine(VM) with the above ks.cfg (kickstart configuration file ) but failing in case of physical machine. Please suggest on this and if possible provide the new ks.cfg file to resolve above problem. Thanks & Regards, Rajesh Prasad

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• Doesn't boot after installation

  - by jchysk

  Downloaded Ubuntu 12.04.1-alternate-amd64 Installed to USB stick Integrity check fails on ./install/netboot/ubuntu-installer/amd64/pxelinux.cfg/default but that seems to be a known bug where the file isn't included in the alternative 64-bit ISO and shouldn't affect installation. I ignore it and proceed on. For partitioning on 2 SSD Drives: Partition 300MB and 63GB on both RAID1 the 300MB and 63GBs Set the 300MB to EXT4 on /boot Encrypt the rest as MD1 and set it for LVM Create two volumes from MD1: 4GB swap and 59GB to / I go through the installation and get to the point where it says everything is ready and to take the media out so as to boot from the drives I receive the error "Error: No video mode activated." on startup I've read that this can be solved by running "cp /usr/share/grub/*.pf2 /boot/grub" and then updating grub but I can't get to a place where I can actually run this command. In rescue mode I can get to a shell from installer with /boot mounted to /target. So from there I can run "cp /cdrom/boot/grub/font.pf2 /target/grub/" but can't figure out a way to get it to update grub after that or know how what to change in manually updating the grub.cfg file. If I try other devices to mount the root filesystem I get the error "An error occurred while mounting the device you entered for your root file system". It just sits on the video mode error and doesn't progress further. Googling around it seems like people see the error briefly before it continues booting, not getting stuck on it the way I am which leads me to believe that error may be unrelated to Ubuntu not booting. So any ideas as to what I should try next or what needs to be done to install Ubuntu and get it to boot would be helpful.

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• can't get a good install:11.10 server

  - by jack

  I screwed up my partitioning aparently tring to get lvm and raid1 going. the machine is an intel dual core dt with 2 gig of ram and 2 sata drives, one 250g and the other 500g. This a build for my school in n.e. Thailand. we have 20+ clients now, a website, email. Our old server is dying fast and we are going to add another 12 stations next week. I really need some help here! 1. have onboard gigabit ethernet that aparently uses same driver as realtek 811c. I installed a pcie gigabit card also 811c. At several points the eth0 has accessed the internet fine, but the eth1 will not communicate. 2. I saw a "fix" for this online which from root: rmmod r8169. this imediately killed the working onboard card. 3.I tried to re-install 11.10 figuring that would re-install r8169. However I messed something up in my partitioning and can't get a clean boot now. 6. so I think after 12 re-installs or so and 2 days. I can get through it right if I can start over with clean drives, but I can't figure out how to empty them out what with soft raid and lvm partitions. seems like i've had it going well and then trying to fix that one little problem, i go backwards.Please help! please send email.-thanks

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• Best choice for off-site backup: dd vs tar

  - by plok

  I have two 1TB single-partition hard disks configured as RAID1, of which I would like to make an off-site backup on a third disk, which I am still to buy. The idea is to store the backup at a relative's house, considerably far away from my place, in the hope that all the information will be safe in the case of a global thermonuclear apocalypse. Of course, this backup would be well encrypted. What I still have to decide is whether I am going to simply tar the entire partition or, instead, use dd to create an image of the disks. Is there any non-trivial difference between these two approaches that I could be overlooking? This off-site backup would be updated no more than two or three times a year, in the best of the cases, so performance should not be a factor to be pondered at all. What, and why, would you use if you were me? dd, tar, or a third option?

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• Raid 5 mdadm Problem - Help Please

  - by user66260

  My Raid 5 array (4 1tb Disks WD10EARS) had was showing as degraded. I looked and one of the disks wasnt installed, so i re-added it with the mdadm add command. the array is now showing as (null)Array , but cant be mounted if i run: root@warren-P5K-E:/home/warren# sudo mdadm --misc --detail /dev/md0 I get: mdadm: cannot open /dev/md0: No such file or directory and running: root@warren-P5K-E:/home/warren# cat /proc/mdstat gives me: Personalities : [linear] [multipath] [raid0] [raid1] [raid6] [raid5] [raid4] [raid10] unused devices: < none > The data is very important root@warren-P5K-E:/home/warren# mdadm --examine /dev/sda /dev/sda: Magic : a92b4efc Version : 0.90.00 UUID : 00000000:00000000:00000000:00000000 Creation Time : Sat May 26 12:08:14 2012 Raid Level : -unknown- Raid Devices : 0 Total Devices : 4 Preferred Minor : 0 Update Time : Sat May 26 12:08:40 2012 State : active Active Devices : 0 Working Devices : 4 Failed Devices : 0 Spare Devices : 4 Checksum : 82d5b792 - correct Events : 1 Number Major Minor RaidDevice State this 1 8 0 1 spare /dev/sda 0 0 8 16 0 spare /dev/sdb 1 1 8 0 1 spare /dev/sda 2 2 8 32 2 spare /dev/sdc 3 3 8 48 3 spare /dev/sdd root@warren-P5K-E:/home/warren# mdadm --examine /dev/sdb /dev/sdb: Magic : a92b4efc Version : 0.90.00 UUID : 00000000:00000000:00000000:00000000 Creation Time : Sat May 26 12:08:14 2012 Raid Level : -unknown- Raid Devices : 0 Total Devices : 4 Preferred Minor : 0 Update Time : Sat May 26 12:08:40 2012 State : active Active Devices : 0 Working Devices : 4 Failed Devices : 0 Spare Devices : 4 Checksum : 82d5b7a0 - correct Events : 1 Number Major Minor RaidDevice State this 0 8 16 0 spare /dev/sdb 0 0 8 16 0 spare /dev/sdb 1 1 8 0 1 spare /dev/sda 2 2 8 32 2 spare /dev/sdc 3 3 8 48 3 spare /dev/sdd root@warren-P5K-E:/home/warren# oot@warren-P5K-E:/home/warren# mdadm --examine /dev/sdc /dev/sdc: Magic : a92b4efc Version : 0.90.00 UUID : 00000000:00000000:00000000:00000000 Creation Time : Sat May 26 12:08:14 2012 Raid Level : -unknown- Raid Devices : 0 Total Devices : 4 Preferred Minor : 0 Update Time : Sat May 26 12:08:40 2012 State : active Active Devices : 0 Working Devices : 4 Failed Devices : 0 Spare Devices : 4 Checksum : 82d5b7b4 - correct Events : 1 Number Major Minor RaidDevice State this 2 8 32 2 spare /dev/sdc 0 0 8 16 0 spare /dev/sdb 1 1 8 0 1 spare /dev/sda 2 2 8 32 2 spare /dev/sdc 3 3 8 48 3 spare /dev/sdd root@warren-P5K-E:/home/warren# mdadm --examine /dev/sdd /dev/sdd: Magic : a92b4efc Version : 0.90.00 UUID : 00000000:00000000:00000000:00000000 Creation Time : Sat May 26 12:08:14 2012 Raid Level : -unknown- Raid Devices : 0 Total Devices : 4 Preferred Minor : 0 Update Time : Sat May 26 12:08:40 2012 State : active Active Devices : 0 Working Devices : 4 Failed Devices : 0 Spare Devices : 4 Checksum : 82d5b7c6 - correct Events : 1 Number Major Minor RaidDevice State this 3 8 48 3 spare /dev/sdd 0 0 8 16 0 spare /dev/sdb 1 1 8 0 1 spare /dev/sda 2 2 8 32 2 spare /dev/sdc 3 3 8 48 3 spare /dev/sdd That on the 4 drives.

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• Did I lost my RAID again?

  - by BarsMonster

  Hi! A little history: 2 years ago I was really excited to find out that mdadm is so powerful so it even can reshape arrays so you can start with a smaller array and the grow it as you need. I've bought 3x1Tb drives and made RAID-5. It was fine for a year. Then I bought 2x more, and tried to reshape to RAID-6 out of 5 drives, and due to some mess with superblock versions, lost all content. Had to rebuild it from scratch, but 2Tb of data were gone. Yesterday I bought 2 more drives, and this time I had everything: properly built array, UPS. I've disabled write intent map, added 2 new drives as a spare and run a command to grow array to 7-disk. It started working, but speed was ridiculously slow, ~100kb/sec. AFter processing first 37Mb at such an amasing speed, one of old HDDs fails. I properly shutdown PC and disconnected failed drive. After bootup it appeared it recreated intent map as it was still in mdadm config, so I removed it from config and rebooted again. Now all I see is that all mdadm processes deadlocks, and don't do anything. PID USER PR NI VIRT RES SHR S %CPU %MEM TIME+ COMMAND 1937 root 20 0 12992 608 444 D 0 0.1 0:00.00 mdadm 2283 root 20 0 12992 852 704 D 0 0.1 0:00.01 mdadm 2287 root 20 0 0 0 0 D 0 0.0 0:00.01 md0_reshape 2288 root 18 -2 12992 820 676 D 0 0.1 0:00.01 mdadm And all I see in mdstat is: $ cat /proc/mdstat Personalities : [linear] [multipath] [raid0] [raid1] [raid6] [raid5] [raid4] [raid10] md0 : active raid6 sdb1[1] sdg1[4] sdf1[7] sde1[6] sdd1[0] sdc1[5] 2929683456 blocks super 1.2 level 6, 1024k chunk, algorithm 2 [7/6] [UU_UUUU] [>....................] reshape = 0.0% (37888/976561152) finish=567604147.2min speed=0K/sec I've already tried mdadm 2.6.7, 3.1.4 and 3.2 - nothing helps. Did I lost my data again? Any suggestions how can I make it work? OS is Ubuntu Server 10.04.2... PS. Needless to say that data is unaccessible - I cannot mount /dev/md0 as save the most valuable data. You can see my disappointment - the very specific thing I was excited about failed twice taking 5Tb of my data with it.

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• Debian and Multipath IO problem

  - by tearman

  Basically the situation is, I have a box running Debian, the box internally has an Intel SCSI RAID controller which is controlling 2 hard drives in RAID1 mode which is where the OS is installed. Further, I have a QLogic fiber channel adapter that connects the unit to a Fiber Channel SAN. My process of installation is I'll install Debian to the local drives, and leave the QLogic firmware out of it for the time being. Then once I get the unit online, I'll install the firmware drivers. This flops my internal drives from /dev/sda to /dev/sdc, which is a bit annoying, but recoverable. Probably should address these by UUID anyways. Once I get back online, I have to install multipath-tools (the framework is a multipath framework). However, once I reboot the machine again, it fails on boot after discovering multipath targets, saying my local drives are busy and cannot be mounted to /root. Any help in what may be the problem here? Or at least how to disable multipath until after the unit boots and then ignores the internal drives?

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• 2 Server FC SAN Configuration

  - by BSte

  I have 2 identical servers: -48GB Ram -8GigE NIC's -2FC NIC's -2x72GB RAID1 Hard Drives -Server 2008R2 Host I also Have a Fibre Channel SAN: -16x146GB RAID10 Hard Drives -2xDual-port FC Controllers (Controller A and B both have ports 1 and 2) -Server 1 has Fiber to Ports A1 and B1 -Server 2 has Fiber to Ports A2 and B2 -I kept the default config with 1 Virtual Disk and 1 Volume -The default mappings show ports A1,A2,B1,B2 on LUN 0 with read-write My goal is: -2xVM's with IIS and Guest Level Failover -2xVM's with SQL 2008 Enterprise using a Single DB and Guest Level Failover -1xVM that is an application server, preferable with Host Failover. From what I read, this will also need AD for clustering to work. -I need at least 1 VM always running for IIS and the SQLDB. This includes hardware failover and application (ie: reboot a VM for Critical updates) I was told I could install the VM's and run them from the SAN, and this is what I've tried: Installed MPIO and HyperV on Server1 and Server 2 Added the SAN as Disk E: on both servers, made it GPT and formatted NTFS Configured HyperV on both server to store use E:\VD and E:\VHD On server1, I was able to install 3 VM's on the SAN and all worked well. On server2, I would start installing the other 2 VM's, but always at some point the VM's would get a corrupt .VHD message (either server). Everything I found about the message typically related to antivirus, so I removed all antivirus on both Host servers (now only running 2008R2). I reformatted drive E: (SAN), recreated the VHD and VD directories, installed 3 VM's on Server 1, and then had the same issue when installing VM's on Server2. Obviously something is wrong, but I'm not certain what exactly. My questions: 1) Are my goals possible with this hardware setup? -I've read 2008R2 supports FC SAN's, but a lot of articles seem to only give examples with iSCSCI setups 2) What would be the suggested route on setting up the SAN (disks,volumes,LUN's)? I've worked with HyperV on a single machine before and never had issues. Actual experience working on SAN's and clustering is new to me. Any suggestions or recommendations to get me in the right direction would be much appreciated.

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• High Apache CPU usage, but low nginx - Configured correctly?

  - by Buckers

  We've just moved a website of ours over to a brand new high-spec Linux server (1x Intel Xeon E3-1230 v2 @ 3.30GHz, 8GB DDR3 ECC, 2x 128GB SATA SSD RAID1). The server has been configured to use nginx but we're not sure if its working correctly. The site always loads very fast to us (http://www.onedirection.net), but Plesk often sends us reports that the Apache CPU usage percentage reaches high leves, yet when we look at the nginx percentage it's always very low. We've come from a Windows background so are very new to Linux, but shouldn't nginx run INSTEAD of apache? Here's a screenshot from Plesk showing the CPU usage: http://www.pixelkicks.co.uk/_download/plesk.JPG The website gets around 20,000 visitors per day, and we use W3 Total Cache to get it running as fast as possible. MySQL has been optimised well. Memory usage is only running at 2GB of the 8GB. Does this look right? How can we tell that nginx is doing most of the work? Thanks, Chris.

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• Increasing SQL Server / Sage performance with SSD? (Dell PE T410)

  - by Anthony

  I have a client wanting better performance of their Sage (Accpac & CRM) server (v5.5, soon to be v7). It's running on 1 of 2 Hyper-V VMs (Svr2008) on a Dell PE T410 server with 24GB of RAM (1333MHz) & dual quad-core, and both VMs (only their C: drives) are on a single RAID5 array. All clients connect via 1Gb ethernet. The 2nd VM is SBS2008 with 9GB RAM (& all SBS dbs & company data are on a separate RAID5 array), & 3GB RAM for the Svr2008 hypervisor. I've given the Sage/SQL Server VM all the RAM I can (12GB) & SQL Server RAM caching (~8GB, never exceeds ~7.5GB, eg. entire db can now be cached in RAM) and that's helped significantly. Upgrading the Hypervisor to Svr2012 is an obvious step, but probably not a dramatic improvement? What about an SSD for this Sage/SQL Server VM (VM = 100GB, <10GB for the actual live DB) ? Can SSDs be put into the SAS hot-swap bays? Or will I have to use the mobo SATA(3Gbps?) ports, or PCI-E SSD card? Should SSDs be RAIDed for this situation? Or is SSD's higher reliability offsetting the need for RAID1/5/10? (I have nightly full disk backups) New territory for me, would appreciate some feedback. Thanks, Anthony.

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• Send mail on event log error trigger safe check frequency

  - by Zeb Rawnsley

  I want to use powershell to alert me when an error occurs in the event viewer on my new Win2k12 Standard Server, I was thinking I could have the script execute every 10mins but don't want to put any strain on the server just for event log checking, here is the powershell script I want to use: $SystemErrors = Get-EventLog System | Where-Object { $_.EntryType -eq "Error" } If ($SystemErrors.Length -gt 0) { Send-MailMessage -To "[email protected]" -From $env:COMPUTERNAME + @company.co.nz" -Subject $env:COMPUTERNAME + " System Errors" -SmtpServer "smtp.company.co.nz" -Priority High } What is a safe frequency I can run this script at without hurting my server? Hardware: Intel Xeon E5410 @ 2.33GHz x2 32GB RAM 3x 7200RPM S-ATA 1TB (2x RAID1) Edit: With the help of Mathias R. Jessen's answer, I ended up attaching an event to the application & system log with the following script: Param( [string]$LogName ) $ComputerName = $env:COMPUTERNAME; $To = "[email protected]" $From = $ComputerName + "@company.co.nz"; $Subject = $ComputerName + " " + $LogName + " Error"; $SmtpServer = "smtp.company.co.nz"; $AppErrorEvent = Get-EventLog $LogName -Newest 1 | Where-Object { $_.EntryType -eq "Error" }; If ($AppErrorEvent.Length -eq 1) { $AppErrorEventString = $AppErrorEvent | Format-List | Out-String; Send-MailMessage -To $To -From $From -Subject $Subject -Body $AppErrorEventString -SmtpServer $SmtpServer -Priority High; };

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• Increasing MSSQL/Sage performance with SSD? (Dell PE T410)

  - by Anthony

  I have a client wanting better performance of their Sage (Accpac & CRM) server (v5.5, soon to be v7). It's running on 1 of 2 Hyper-V VMs (Svr2008) on a Dell PE T410 server with 24GB of RAM (1333MHz) & dual quad-core, and both VMs (only their C: drives) are on a single RAID5 array. All clients connect via 1Gb ethernet. The 2nd VM is SBS2008 with 9GB RAM (& all SBS dbs & company data are on a separate RAID5 array), & 3GB RAM for the Svr2008 hypervisor. I've given the Sage/MSSQL VM all the RAM I can (12GB) & SQL RAM caching (~8GB, never exceeds ~7.5GB, eg. entire db can now be cached in RAM) and that's helped significantly. Upgrading the Hypervisor to Svr2012 is an obvious step, but probably not a dramatic improvement? What about an SSD for this Sage/SQL VM (VM = 100GB, <10GB for the actual live DB) ? Can SSDs be put into the SAS hot-swap bays? Or will I have to use the mobo SATA(3Gbps?) ports, or PCI-E SSD card? Should SSDs be RAIDed for this situation? Or is SSD's higher reliability offsetting the need for RAID1/5/10? (I have nightly full disk backups) New territory for me, would appreciate some feedback. Thanks, Anthony.

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• Dell PE2950 - slow IO rates for writing and reading locally

  - by OrenM

  I'm having a serious issue with dell server PE2950. The server has really slow IO rates, so slow that I'm not able to use it anymore I tried few things to solve this: changing disks to new disks (configured them as raid1) changing perc card + perc cables reinstalling the OS of course, had to cause of changing of disks, centos 5.5 x64bit firmware update to everything virtual disks policy: No Read Ahead,Write Back, disk cache policy disabled. openmanage doesn't alert about anything, also i ran dell's diag tests, everything passed, also dell didn't see anything in deset log. dell offered to reseat everything, including the cpu, we did that as well, still io rates are slow I have several PE2950 servers, and I never had such a thing with any of those. All have similar or exact hardware as this one, all configured the same, with the same os centos 5.5 x64, same disks, same raid, same policy. Just for comparison: the problematic PE2950 server: [root@bad ~]# time sh -c "dd if=/dev/zero of=/tmp/ddfile bs=8k count=200000 && sync" 200000+0 records in 200000+0 records out 1638400000 bytes (1.6 GB) copied, 27.7946 seconds, 58.9 MB/s real 0m33.968s user 0m0.531s sys 0m26.000s good PE2950 server (with the exact same hardware): [root@good ~]# time sh -c "dd if=/dev/zero of=/tmp/ddfile bs=8k count=200000 && sync" 200000+0 records in 200000+0 records out 1638400000 bytes (1.6 GB) copied, 3.19999 seconds, 512 MB/s real 0m7.694s user 0m0.053s sys 0m4.057s Hopefully you will have an idea what can cause the problem.

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• Best option for storage clustering

  - by sam

  I'm working on an application that requires a large amount of storage space and I want to handle storage 'in-house' (Much cheaper than, say, S3) so we will have multiple servers (Initially 4) with large amounts of storage (6TB each). The storage will need to be very flexible and configurable, each piece of data should be replicated on at least 2 servers and must be easily readable/writable from ether an API of a UNIX device/file/folder like a normal drive, I don't mind which. We must also be able to easily offload content to our HTTP CDN (Edgecast), it doesn't need to have built in HTTP support but if it doesn't I'm going to have to write something to get the files onto HTTP so they can be pulled by the CDN. I've looked at a lot of solutions including Eucalyptus Walrus OpenStack Object Storage MogileFS and some others which I can't remember All the servers will be running RHEL 6, they have 4x1.5TB drives which will be RAID1'd into a single partition. All the servers have 1GB/s connections between them and 100MB/s connections to the internet with unlimited bandwidth. They have 2x2.66ghz processors. I understand there isn't a single, perfect answer but it would be nice to get some pointers.

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• Dell Poweredge 1950 with Perc 5i keeps losing raid config -> "Foreign Configuration Found"

  - by nosage

  The quick and dirty: the machine is a Dell Poweredge 1950, dual xeon quad cores, 8GB of ram, 2 2TB seagate SATAs in (supposed to be raid1) using a Perc 5i raid card. They are hot-swappable with a back-plane. I can build the raid fine and after a little while an install of server 08 r2 will blue screen and restart. When it comes up the raid controller says "Foreign Configuration Found." When I go into the raid configuration panel there is no raid listed but I can import the "foreign config", and the OS will boot up fine, until it blue screens again after a little while. The issue is OS independent. I have tried swapping raid cards, swapping the RAM module on the raid card and swapping the raid battery, all to no avail. Its almost as if there is a loose connection from the raid card to the back plane and both of disks get lost and the raid card drops the config. But it sees the disks fine when it boots back up. The raid card uses a SCSI SAS cable to connect to the back-plane so I guess the next step is to replace that, but... then I might as well replace the back-plane with a SCSI SAS to sata breakout cable, but... then I need a way to power the disks. Sorry for the wall of txt but it would be great to get some thoughts from people who worked with perc raid cards or poweredge servers with this type of issue before. Ironically I want to get this system up and running so I can work on MCITP labs. Thank you for any/all help and feel free to ask questions!

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• Getting Grub2 to recognize a Raid 10 boot/root

  - by xenoterracide

  I've been trying to get my raid to boot from grub2 for about 2 days now and I don't seem to be getting closer. The problem appears to be that it doesn't recognize my raid at all. It doesn't see (md0) etc. I'm not sure Why or how to change this. I'm using mdadm, 2 device (essentially a raid1) raid10,f2, which is currently degraded. I have tried adding the raid and mdraid modules with grub install along with others. I've tried several variation on grub-install such as grub-install --debug --no-floppy --modules="biosdisk part_msdos chain raid mdraid ext2 linux search ata normal" /dev/md0 I've been searching the net for an answer to what I haven't done but no luck. On my other drive which I plan on removing the raid is initialized and mounted fine on boot, but it's not the boot/root for that setup. My grub.cfg isn't recognized by grub since it can't read the raid partition so I'm not posting that. md0 is not listed in my /boot/grub/device.map.

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• Poor Write Performance in VM inside Proxmox PVE 2.0

  - by sorsenne

  I am running a PVE 2.0 on a decent Hardware (2 SATA HDDs as RAID1, 12GB RAM, i7 CPU) but the I/O Performance is very poor inside the VM (Ubuntu 11.10 Server). The very same VM was copied to another Server running simply Ubuntu Server with KVM and had better I/O Perf. this is how the HDD is shown in the Guest: ata1: SATA link up 6.0 Gbps (SStatus 133 SControl 300) ata1.00: ATA-8: ST3000DM001-9YN166, CC49, max UDMA/133 ata1.00: 5860533168 sectors, multi 16: LBA48 NCQ (depth 31/32), AA ata1.00: configured for UDMA/133 scsi 0:0:0:0: Direct-Access ATA ST3000DM001-9YN1 CC49 PQ: 0 ANSI: 5 sd 0:0:0:0: [sda] 5860533168 512-byte logical blocks: (3.00 TB/2.72 TiB) sd 0:0:0:0: [sda] 4096-byte physical blocks sd 0:0:0:0: [sda] Write Protect is off sd 0:0:0:0: [sda] Mode Sense: 00 3a 00 00 sd 0:0:0:0: [sda] Write cache: enabled, read cache: enabled, doesn't support DPO or FUA I tested with DD: $ dd bs=1M count=128 if=/dev/zero of=test conv=fdatasync 128+0 records in 128+0 records out 134217728 bytes (134 MB) copied, 19.2222 s, 7.0 MB/s on the Host, this same Test will result with 156 MB/s in average. PS: I am using VirtIO and see no error in dmesg.

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• 100% iowait + drive faults in dmesg

  - by w00t

  Hi, I have a server on which resides a fairly visited web app. It has a raid1 of 2 HDDs, 64MB Buffer, 7200 RPM. Today it started throwing out errors like: kernel: ata2.00: exception Emask 0x0 SAct 0x0 SErr 0x0 action 0x6 frozen kernel: ata2.00: cmd b0/d0:01:00:4f:c2/00:00:00:00:00/00 tag 0 pio 512 in kernel: res 40/00:00:00:4f:c2/00:00:00:00:00/00 Emask 0x4 (timeout) kernel: ata2.00: status: { DRDY } kernel: ata2: hard resetting link kernel: ata2: SATA link up 3.0 Gbps (SStatus 123 SControl 300) kernel: ata2.00: max_sectors limited to 256 for NCQ kernel: ata2.00: max_sectors limited to 256 for NCQ kernel: ata2.00: configured for UDMA/133 kernel: sd 1:0:0:0: timing out command, waited 7s kernel: ata2: EH complete kernel: SCSI device sda: 976773168 512-byte hdwr sectors (500108 MB) kernel: sda: Write Protect is off kernel: SCSI device sda: drive cache: write back All day long it has been in load higher than 10-15. I am monitoring it with atop and it gives some bizarre readings: DSK | sda | busy 100% | read 2 | write 208 | KiB/r 16 | KiB/w 32 | MBr/s 0.00 | MBw/s 0.65 | avq 86.17 | avio 47.6 ms | DSK | sdb | busy 1% | read 10 | write 117 | KiB/r 17 | KiB/w 5 | MBr/s 0.02 | MBw/s 0.07 | avq 4.86 | avio 1.04 ms | I frankly don't understand why only sda is taking all the hit. I do have one process that is constantly writing with 1-2megs but what the hell.. 100% iowait?

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• Why do I get a DegradedArray event with mdadm

  - by azera

  Hello Just so we're clear on what's happening: I bought 4 new sata 2 drives, with the intent of using them in a raid5 all drive are fully recognised by both my bios and my linux box (gentoo) I created a raid5 array, fiddled a bit with it to understand how it works, how to monitor ect At some point, this triggered a degradedarray event, even though the array is brand new. I tried to stopping the array and recreating a new array with the same drive but the new array starts degraded too. here is what I used to create it mdadm --create -l5 -n4 /dev/md/md0-r5 /dev/sdb /dev/sdd /dev/sde /dev/sdf here are the output from my /proc/mdstat and mdadm --detail --scan **mdstat** Personalities : [raid0] [raid1] [raid6] [raid5] [raid4] [raid10] md127 : active raid5 sdf[4] sde[2] sdd[1] sdb[0] 4395415488 blocks level 5, 64k chunk, algorithm 2 [4/3] [UUU_] [>....................] recovery = 2.8% (41689732/1465138496) finish=890.3min speed=26645K/sec unused devices: <none> **detail** ARRAY /dev/md/md0-r5 metadata=0.90 spares=1 UUID=453e2833:81f22a74:64188b84:66721085 As such I have a couple questions: does a raid5 array always start in degraded mode at first ? why does sdf have the number 4 between bracket instead of 3, why does it see a spare disk and why is the 4th drive marked with _ instead of U ? (bad configuration ?) How can I recreate the array from scratch, do i have to format each drive on its own before recreating it ? Thanks for any help, I'm not sure about what I should do at the moment

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• dd oflag=direct 5x fast

  - by César

  I have Centos 6.2 in server with this specs: 2xCPU 16 Core AMD Opteron 6282 SE 64GB RAM Raid controller H700 1GB cache NV - 2HD 74GB SAS 15Krpm RAID1 stripe 16k (OS Centos 6.2) sda - 4HD 146GB SAS 15Krpm RAID10 stripe 16k (ext4 bs 4096, no barriers) sdb -> /vol01 Raid controller H800 1GB cache nv - MD1200 12HD 300GB SAS 15Krpm RAID10 stripe 256k (For DB Postgres 8.3.18) (ext4 bs 4096, stride 64, stripe-width 384, no barriers) sdc -> /vol02 I'm benchmarking IO speed with dd, and view thah if in RAID10 12 disk exec: dd if=/dev/zero of=DD bs=8M count=10000 oflag=direct 10000+0 records in 10000+0 records out 83886080000 bytes (84 GB) copied, 126,03 s, 666 MB/s but if I remove "oflag=direct" option obtain about 80 MB/s. In read benchmark, results are similar: dd of=/dev/null if=DD bs=8M count=10000 iflag=direct 10000+0 records in 10000+0 records out 83886080000 bytes (84 GB) copied, 79,5918 s, 1,1 GB/s If remove iflag=direct obtain 150MB/s... I don't understand this huge differences, on other machines y don't have this behavior. Can I have some kernel parameter misconfigured? Thanks!

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• Ubuntu Server mdadm drbd ocfs2 kvm hangs under heavy file reading

  - by Stefano Annese

  I have deployed four ubuntu 10.04 server. They are coupled two by two in a cluster scenario. on both sides we have software raid1 disks, drbd8 and OCFS2 and on top of it some kvm machines run with qcow2 disks. I followed this: Link corosync is just used for DRBD and OCFS, the kvm machines are run "manually" When it works is fine: good performances, good I/O, but at a given time one of the two cluster started hanging. Then we tried with just one server turned on and it hangs the same. It seems to happen when an heavy READ in one of the virtual machines occurs, that is during rsyn backup. When the fact occurs the virtual machines are not reachable any more and the real server responds with good delay to the ping but no screen and no ssh is available. All we can do is force shutdown (hold the button) and restart and when it turns on again the raid on which relay drbd is resyncing. All the time it hangs we see such fact. After a couple of week of pain on one side this morning also the other cluster hung, but it has different moteherboard, ram, kvm instances. What is similar is reading for rsync scenario and Western Digital RAID Edistion disks on both side. Can anybody give me some input to solve such issue?

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• Windows 7 - User profile corrupted on standby/hibernate

  - by Dogbert

  I have a friend who uses Windows 7 for her home PC. She has a RAID1 array that is using up-to-date Intel Matrix storage drivers, and the entire array is backed up to a separate internal SATA HDD via Acronis True Image every night. Over the weekends, she lets her machine go into suspend after 4 hours of inactivity, and then later into hibernation after 6 hours of inactivity. Her Acronis backup system does nightly incremental backups, and full backups every Saturday night. She also has AVG Free Antivirus installed which does full scans every Monday. So far, on two occasions, on Sunday morning, her user profile is corrupt. I couldn't find any solution that allowed me to repair her profile, so I end up having to (as suggested by MS Knowledge Base, http://windows.microsoft.com/en-us/windows7/fix-a-corrupted-user-profile ;, Yep, no solution to fixing it, just clobber the whole thing) recreating her profile, then copying over data, recreating her Outlook profile, reconfiguring all third-party applications, etc. It's a real nightmare, and takes 4 hours to do each time. Are there any suggestions on how to resolve this profile corruption? This was happening even before the RAID/Acronis solution was in place, but I thought I'd provide as much information as possible.

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