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  • PTR and A record must match?

    - by somecallmemike
    RFC 1912 Section 2.1 states the following: Make sure your PTR and A records match. For every IP address, there should be a matching PTR record in the in-addr.arpa domain. If a host is multi-homed, (more than one IP address) make sure that all IP addresses have a corresponding PTR record (not just the first one). Failure to have matching PTR and A records can cause loss of Internet services similar to not being registered in the DNS at all. Also, PTR records must point back to a valid A record, not a alias defined by a CNAME. It is highly recommended that you use some software which automates this checking, or generate your DNS data from a database which automatically creates consistent data. This does not make any sense to me, should an ISP keep matching A records for every PTR record? It seems to me that it's only important if the IP address that the PTR record describes is hosting a service that is sensitive to DNS being mismatched (such as email hosting). In that case the forward zone would be configured under a domain name (examples follow the format 'zone - record'): domain.tld -> mail IN A 1.2.3.4 And the PTR record would be configured to match: 3.2.1.in-addr.arpa -> 4 IN PTR mail.domain.tld. Would there be any reason for the ISP to host a forward lookup for an IP address on their network like this?: ispdomain.tld -> broadband-ip-1 IN A 1.2.3.4

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  • site to listen on port 88

    - by JohnMerlino
    I want to get one of my sites to listen on port 88. In ports.conf in /etc/apache2 on ubuntu server, I add so web app can listen on port 88: NameVirtualHost *:80 Listen 80 NameVirtualHost *:88 Listen 88 I have this in my etc/apache2/apache2.conf, I have this: # Include the virtual host configurations: Include sites-enabled/ Under sites enabled, I have a file looks like this: Listen *:88 NameVirtualHost *:88 <VirtualHost *:88> ServerName dogtracking.com DocumentRoot /home/doggps/public_html/eaglegps.com/current/public <Directory /home/doggps/public_html/eaglegps.com/current/public> AllowOverride all Options -MultiViews </Directory> <LocationMatch "^/assets/.*$"> Header unset ETag FileETag None # RFC says only cache for 1 year ExpiresActive On ExpiresDefault "access plus 1 year" </LocationMatch> </VirtualHost> Then I try to restart apache: /etc/init.d/apache2 restart And I get: * Restarting web server apache2 /usr/sbin/apache2ctl: line 87: ulimit: open files: cannot modify limit: Operation not permitted Warning: DocumentRoot [/home/xtreme/Sites/DogGPS-CMS] does not exist apache2: Could not reliably determine the server's fully qualified domain name, using 127.0.0.1 for ServerName [Thu Oct 18 18:04:21 2012] [warn] NameVirtualHost *:88 has no VirtualHosts /usr/sbin/apache2ctl: line 87: ulimit: open files: cannot modify limit: Operation not permitted Warning: DocumentRoot [/home/xtreme/Sites/DogGPS-CMS] does not exist apache2: Could not reliably determine the server's fully qualified domain name, using 127.0.0.1 for ServerName [Thu Oct 18 18:04:22 2012] [warn] NameVirtualHost *:88 has no VirtualHosts (13)Permission denied: make_sock: could not bind to address 0.0.0.0:80 no listening sockets available, shutting down Unable to open logs Action 'start' failed.

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  • Wireless router setup for 1-1 NAT

    - by Carlos
    What I have: A linksys router WAG160N with firmware version 2 A "pool" of 5 external static IP's provided by my ISP 213.xx.xxx.n All the required configuration values for the static IPs such as (Subnet Mask, Gateway and static DNS 1, 2, 3) Current WAN Configuration: Encapsulation: RFC 2364 PPPoA Multiplexing: VC QoS type: UBR DSL modulation: MultiMode What's connected to the network: 1 x Server (That I want to make available to the outside) 5 x Desktops with static internal IP's, such as 192.168.0.xx 2 x Network printers, also with internal static IP's 2 x Laptops 1 x NAS (Network Attached Storage) also on static IP What I want to do: I would like to make the server available from outside the network, for example from your house. The problem is that Im not really sure how to do this. I have tried following the steps on the instruction manual in Linksys but they do not seem to work, once I set it up as shown bellow, I loose internet and all hell breaks loose. Going into further detail, I would prefer if the network is changed as little as possible, by this I mean that all the computers stay networked within eachother and only the server is accessible from the outside the network. What I need HELP with: I have read around that it is possible to set a 1-1 NAT (I know where it is in the menu but have no clue what it does...) so that I can NAT a single public IP directly to a single private IP (in our case the server). But please, How do I do that? Or maybe an alternative?

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  • How to stop NAT dropping idle connections?

    - by WGH
    I have a TCP connection that can be idle for many hours. The traffic is flowing from the server to the client only. One might say it's kind of push notification. My home router, however, tends to drop the connection silently after 20 minutes (the value of /proc/sys/net/netfilter/nf_conntrack_tcp_timeout_established). The server detects the loss once it tries to send anything (I assume it receives RST from the router itself). As client never sends anything, it never detects the loss. RFC 5382 "NAT Behavioral Requirements for TCP" states the following: A NAT can check if an endpoint for a session has crashed by sending a TCP keep-alive packet and receiving a TCP RST packet in response. It makes sense. It's much more effective than sending keep-alives by the host itself (as only NAT knows its own timeout). And probably not hard to implement. Is there any NAT solutions implementing this? It would be great if there was a way to enable this in iptables.

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  • Dns - wildcard vs. cname subdomains

    - by Matthew
    Alright I have to admit I'm confused with how DNS works. I've always just added things until they worked, and now it's time to learn how they work. So one confusing thing to me is that there's sort of two places I can have records. I have an account with rackspace cloud servers. And then there's the place I registered the domain. But both allow me to edit DNS records. Should I do everything at both places or is one better than the other or am I missing the point? Subdomains confuse me too. I'd like to be able to just have a wildcard subdomain (I've done this in the past.) I just don't like the idea of adding a cname record or A record every time I need a new subdomain. Then I read this and it says: The exact rules for when a wild card will match are specified in RFC 1034, but the rules are neither intuitive nor clearly specified. This has resulted in incompatible implementations and unexpected results when they are used.

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  • Handling emails on a web server - Making sure the FQDN is set correctly based on the website sending the email

    - by webnoob
    I have a Windows 2008 Web Edition server hosting multiple websites using IIS 7.5. At the moment, all the emails are sent via the IIS6 SMTP service. The FQDN of the SMTP service is set to the computer name at the moment which isn't correct as it doesn't resolve to a valid DNS entry and is not RFC compliant. Some questions: Is there any way I can change the FQDN of the SMTP service based on the site sending the email? Would it be Ok to just setup mailserver.mydomain.com and use that as the FQDN for all the sites on multiple domains. Should I be using some other mail server software to handle this better? The reason I am asking is lots of emails are hitting spam folders because the settings are incorrect. I have access to the code that is running the websites so if something needs to be done there then that shouldn't be a problem. The sites are written using ASP.NET 2.0. EDIT: I have just found an option to create an SMTP virtual service. Would this be the way forward? Create a virtual server for each site? Thanks.

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  • Windows 7 using llt for ipv6

    - by Seoman
    The question asked below is based on the specific implementations of the Os not the RFC. Looking on a way to be able to assign a fixed ip address to a host, before it boots I found that Centos 6 works fine with no modifications and Windows 7 does not work at all. As defined in enter link description here exists 3 valid ways of generate a DUID: 1 Link-layer address plus time 2 Vendor-assigned unique ID based on Enterprise Number 3 Link-layer address Looking at the centos, that works fine, I can see the following autogenerated DUID: option dhcp6.client-id 0:1:0:1:19:60:25:f1:52:54:0:6b:b9:9e; and the MAC address for this host is: ifconfig eth1 | grep HWaddr eth1 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 52:54:00:6B:B9:9E As you can see, the DUID containts the MAC address. I can assign a fixed ip address to this host by including an entry on my dhcp server similar to: host vm { hardware ethernet 52:54:00:6B:B9:9E; fixed-address6 2001:db8:0:1::200; if packet(0,1) = 1 { log(debug,"VM Request match!"); } } And the Centos 6 gets his ip. On the windows side, I faced a common problem explained on this other link enter link description here As summary, Win7 uses the option 2 of the DUID generation or a variation of this one. On the link explains how to move it to a llt (link layer + time) but is not working fine. If I modify the DUID to one that looks like the one generated on Centos (but with the right MAC) it works as expected. Question 1 How Can I change the DUID generation for Windows 7 to be based on MAC as Centos 6 does? Thanks

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  • Possible Hack with FTP - What are the solutions?

    - by iamrohitbanga
    I was reading the FTP rfc and hence had this idea. Suppose there are several public ftp servers that allow anonymous user login. I open a control connection on port 21 to each of these servers. Now suppose there is a web server a.com with ip address x.y.z.w listening on port 80. FTP allows a user to specify the host on which the data connection is to be setup. So a user specifies the host and port number of a.com web server. Now the ftp server starts sending data to a.com for which it is not a valid HTTP request and hence it is rejected. But a.com notes that the invalid http request came from a public ftp server and not my ip address. Can this not lead to a distributed attack by utilizing all public ftp servers. worse still the the data being sent by ftp server could be a valid http request which could trigger a.com to send a file back to the ftp server. Is there a solution for this or is it no problem at all.

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  • What is the best time to set the IP address for a server headed to a server colocation facility?

    - by jim_m_somewhere
    What is the best time to set the IP address for a server? I have a server that I am going to install the OS on and then I am going to send it to a server colocation facility. The server is going to have Internet facing services (www, email, etc.) I can set up a "fake" IP address during install (by fake I mean private as in RFC 1918) and change the "fake" IPs to the real IPs once I set up the colocation service. The other option is to set up the colocation service...wait for them to give me the "real" IPs and use them during the OS install. The ramification are that...if I use "fake" IPs during install...I will have to wait before I set up things like SSL certs. If I wait for IPs from the colocation provider...then I can set up SSL certs that use the "correct" (as in "real") IP addresses...no changes to the certs until they expire. Do the "gotchas" of changing an IP address on a server outweigh the benefits of a quick install? The other danger with using "fake" IPs is that I could make a mistake when I go through the various files to change the IP address to the "live" IP address. Server OS: CentOS 6.2 or CentOS 6.3, 64 bit. Apps: Apache 2.4.X httpd, MySQL 5.X (will eventually use replication)

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  • Standards Corner: Preventing Pervasive Monitoring

    - by independentid
     Phil Hunt is an active member of multiple industry standards groups and committees and has spearheaded discussions, creation and ratifications of industry standards including the Kantara Identity Governance Framework, among others. Being an active voice in the industry standards development world, we have invited him to share his discussions, thoughts, news & updates, and discuss use cases, implementation success stories (and even failures) around industry standards on this monthly column. Author: Phil Hunt On Wednesday night, I watched NBC’s interview of Edward Snowden. The past year has been tumultuous one in the IT security industry. There has been some amazing revelations about the activities of governments around the world; and, we have had several instances of major security bugs in key security libraries: Apple's ‘gotofail’ bug  the OpenSSL Heartbleed bug, not to mention Java’s zero day bug, and others. Snowden’s information showed the IT industry has been underestimating the need for security, and highlighted a general trend of lax use of TLS and poorly implemented security on the Internet. This did not go unnoticed in the standards community and in particular the IETF. Last November, the IETF (Internet Engineering Task Force) met in Vancouver Canada, where the issue of “Internet Hardening” was discussed in a plenary session. Presentations were given by Bruce Schneier, Brian Carpenter,  and Stephen Farrell describing the problem, the work done so far, and potential IETF activities to address the problem pervasive monitoring. At the end of the presentation, the IETF called for consensus on the issue. If you know engineers, you know that it takes a while for a large group to arrive at a consensus and this group numbered approximately 3000. When asked if the IETF should respond to pervasive surveillance attacks? There was an overwhelming response for ‘Yes'. When it came to 'No', the room echoed in silence. This was just the first of several consensus questions that were each overwhelmingly in favour of response. This is the equivalent of a unanimous opinion for the IETF. Since the meeting, the IETF has followed through with the recent publication of a new “best practices” document on Pervasive Monitoring (RFC 7258). This document is extremely sensitive in its approach and separates the politics of monitoring from the technical ones. Pervasive Monitoring (PM) is widespread (and often covert) surveillance through intrusive gathering of protocol artefacts, including application content, or protocol metadata such as headers. Active or passive wiretaps and traffic analysis, (e.g., correlation, timing or measuring packet sizes), or subverting the cryptographic keys used to secure protocols can also be used as part of pervasive monitoring. PM is distinguished by being indiscriminate and very large scale, rather than by introducing new types of technical compromise. The IETF community's technical assessment is that PM is an attack on the privacy of Internet users and organisations. The IETF community has expressed strong agreement that PM is an attack that needs to be mitigated where possible, via the design of protocols that make PM significantly more expensive or infeasible. Pervasive monitoring was discussed at the technical plenary of the November 2013 IETF meeting [IETF88Plenary] and then through extensive exchanges on IETF mailing lists. This document records the IETF community's consensus and establishes the technical nature of PM. The draft goes on to further qualify what it means by “attack”, clarifying that  The term is used here to refer to behavior that subverts the intent of communicating parties without the agreement of those parties. An attack may change the content of the communication, record the content or external characteristics of the communication, or through correlation with other communication events, reveal information the parties did not intend to be revealed. It may also have other effects that similarly subvert the intent of a communicator.  The past year has shown that Internet specification authors need to put more emphasis into information security and integrity. The year also showed that specifications are not good enough. The implementations of security and protocol specifications have to be of high quality and superior testing. I’m proud to say Oracle has been a strong proponent of this, having already established its own secure coding practices. 

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  • How to implement Gmail OAuth API to send email (especially via SMTP)?

    - by Curtis Gibby
    I'm developing a web application that will send emails on behalf of a logged-in user. I'm trying to use the new Gmail OAuth protocol announced described here to send these emails through the user's Gmail account (preferably using SMTP rather than IMAP, but I'm easy). However, the sample PHP code gives me a couple of problems. All of the sample code is based on IMAP, not SMTP. Why "support" the SMTP protocol if you're not going to show people how to use it? The sample code gives me a fatal error from an uncaught Zend exception -- it can't find the "INBOX" folder. Fatal error: Uncaught exception 'Zend_Mail_Storage_Exception' with message 'cannot change folder, maybe it does not exist' in path\to\xoauth-php-samples\Zend\Mail\Storage\Imap.php:467 Stack trace: #0 path\to\xoauth-php-samples\Zend\Mail\Storage\Imap.php(248): Zend_Mail_Storage_Imap-selectFolder('INBOX') #1 path\to\xoauth-php-samples\three-legged.php(184): Zend_Mail_Storage_Imap-__construct(Object(Zend_Mail_Protocol_Imap)) #2 {main} Next exception 'Zend_Mail_Storage_Exception' with message 'cannot select INBOX, is this a valid transport?' in path\to\xoauth-php-samples\Zend\Mail\Storage\Imap.php:254 Stack trace: #0 path\to\xoauth-php-samples\three-legged.php(184): Zend_Mail_Storage_Imap-__construct(Object(Zend_Mail_Protocol_Imap)) #1 {main} in path\to\xoauth-php-samples\Zend\Mail\Storage\Imap.php on line 254 I've verified that I'm getting good OAuth tokens back, I just don't know how to make the actual email transaction happen. This protocol is still rather new, so there's not much unofficial community documentation about it out there, and the official docs are unhelpfully dry stuff about the SMTP RFC. So if anyone can help get this going, I'd greatly appreciate it. Note: I've already been able to connect to Gmail's SMTP server via SSL and successfully send an email, provided that the user has given my application his/her Gmail username and password. I'd like to avoid this method, because it encourages phishing and security-minded users won't accept it. This question is not about that.

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  • Is it OK to set "Cache-Control: public" when sending “304 Not Modified” for images stored in the dat

    - by Emilien
    After asking a question about sending “304 Not Modified” for images stored in the in the Google App Engine datastore, I now have a question about Cache-Control. My app now sends Last-Modified and Etag, but by default GAE alsto sends Cache-Control: no-cache. According to this page: The “no-cache” directive, according to the RFC, tells the browser that it should revalidate with the server before serving the page from the cache. [...] In practice, IE and Firefox have started treating the no-cache directive as if it instructs the browser not to even cache the page. As I DO want browsers to cache the image, I've added the following line to my code: self.response.headers['Cache-Control'] = "public" According to the same page as before: The “cache-control: public” directive [...] tells the browser and proxies [...] that the page may be cached. This is good for non-sensitive pages, as caching improves performance. The question is if this could be harmful to the application in some way? Would it be best to send Cache-Control: must-revalidate to "force" the browser to revalidate (I suppose that is the behavior that was originally the reason behind sending Cache-Control: no-cache) This directive insists that the browser must revalidate the page against the server before serving it from cache. Note that it implicitly lets the browser cache the page.

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  • Crazy idea: Connect .NET and SAP with SAP JCo using IKVM.NET

    - by Kottan
    Because the SAP Connector for .NET is no longer maintained by SAP, I am now looking for an alternative to connect the Microsoft world with the SAP world. I know there a third party products like ERPConnect, but I want to do this with tools from SAP. Therefore there arised the crazy idea to use the SAP Java Connector in combination with the tool IKVM.NET (www.ikvm.net/devguide/net2java.html). IKVM.NET provides The IKVMC tool, which converts Java bytecode to .NET dll's and exe's. "No sooner said than done!" I converted the SAP JCo to .NET dlls and created a new Visual Studio solution. I put all the JCO files into a subdirectory of my solution. I set 2 references to the generated IKVM.OpenJDK.Core.dll and sapjco.dll. Great, all JCO classes where now available as .NET classes. Full of optimism I wrote some little code to connect to a SAP system. JCO.Client client = null; client = JCO.createClient(...) The compiliation of my testcode had no errors. "Wonderful !" I thought. Then I started my tetstapplication. Unfortunately I got an exception calling JCO.createClient: Could not load middleware layer 'com.sap.mw.jco.rfc.MiddlewareRFC'\r\nno sapjcorfc in java.library.path I have 2 questions on this topic. 1) Do you think my idea using SAP Java Connector to connect .NET with SAP is a good idea or is it nonsens ? Perhaps someone had already the same idea ;-) 2) How can the above exception be solved ?

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  • How to get Cookies using HttpClient

    - by Sunil
    Hello I am using HttpClient to get Cookies but I am unable find any cookies.My Code is given below public class LoginTab { private Cookie[] cookies; HttpClient httpClient; HttpState httpState; HashMap postData; public LoginTab() { httpClient = new HttpClient(); httpState = new HttpState(); httpClient.getHttpConnectionManager(). getParams().setConnectionTimeout(300000); httpClient.setState(httpState); // RFC 2101 cookie management spec is used per default // to parse, validate, format & match cookies httpClient.getParams().setCookiePolicy(CookiePolicy.RFC_2109); postData= new HashMap(); } public String getMethod(String url) { GetMethod getMethod = new GetMethod(url); String pageSoure=""; try{ httpClient.executeMethod(getMethod); pageSoure=getMethod.getResponseBodyAsString(); extractUsefulPostData(pageSoure, postData); getMethod.releaseConnection(); }catch(Exception ex) { ex.printStackTrace(); } return pageSoure; } public static void main(String[]arg) { LoginTab loginTab= new LoginTab(); System.out.println(loginTab.getMethod("http://tab.com.au/")); Cookie [] cookies=loginTab.httpState.getCookies(); System.out.println(cookies.length); for(int i=0;i<cookies.length;i++) System.out.println(cookies[i]); } } Please suggest me where is the mistake. Thanks in advance

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  • How to get Cookies using HttpClient

    - by Sunil
    Hello I am using HttpClient to get Cookies but I am unable find any cookies.My Code is given below public class LoginTab { private Cookie[] cookies; HttpClient httpClient; HttpState httpState; HashMap postData; public LoginTab() { httpClient = new HttpClient(); httpState = new HttpState(); httpClient.getHttpConnectionManager(). getParams().setConnectionTimeout(300000); httpClient.setState(httpState); // RFC 2101 cookie management spec is used per default // to parse, validate, format & match cookies httpClient.getParams().setCookiePolicy(CookiePolicy.RFC_2109); postData= new HashMap(); } public String getMethod(String url) { GetMethod getMethod = new GetMethod(url); String pageSoure=""; try{ httpClient.executeMethod(getMethod); pageSoure=getMethod.getResponseBodyAsString(); extractUsefulPostData(pageSoure, postData); getMethod.releaseConnection(); }catch(Exception ex) { ex.printStackTrace(); } return pageSoure; } public static void main(String[]arg) { LoginTab loginTab= new LoginTab(); System.out.println(loginTab.getMethod("http://tab.com.au/")); Cookie [] cookies=loginTab.httpState.getCookies(); System.out.println(cookies.length); for(int i=0;i<cookies.length;i++) System.out.println(cookies[i]); } } Please suggest me where is the mistake. Thanks in advance

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  • Cross domain login - what to store in the database?

    - by Jenkz
    I'm working on a system which will allow me to login to the same system via various domains. (www.example.com, www.mydomain.com, sub.domain.com etc) The following threads form the basis of my research so far: Single Sign On across multiple domains Cross web domain login with .net membership What I want to happen is that If I am logged in on the master domain and I visit a page on a client domain to be automatically logged in on the client. Obviously If I am not logged in on the master, I will need to enter my username and password. Walkthrough: 1. User logs in on master site 2. User navigates to client site 3. Client site re-directs to master site to see if User is logged in. 4. If User is logged in on master, record a RFC 4122 token ID and send this back to the client site. 5. Client site then looks up the token ID in the central database and logs this user in. This might eventually end up running on more than once instance of PHP and Apache, so I can't just store: token_id, php_session_id, created Is there any problem with me storing and using this: token_id, username, hashed_password, created Which is deleted on use, or automatically after x seconds.

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  • process of connecting RTP with SIP via SDP & land lines

    - by TacB0sS
    Hello to everyone, I have a problem with starting a media session and to combine it with my SIP client. I've designed a recursive SIP client that reuse the same request template to send the next requests to server, according to the acceptable sequences noted in the RFC's, and examples that I read. as far as I could tell the SIP part is working fine registers to server invites, and authenticates. I didn't complete any calls to clients yet because of the content header needs to be filled up (which I didn't yet so I get a 503 from the server which is OK I guess). for a long time I didn't know where to start with the media session, and slowly learned how to use the JMF and I've constructed an object that handles RTP transmitting, now I'm standing at the cross road, on the one hand I have my SIP signaling but it needs the SDP content header to complete the invite, and on the other I have the RTP which is knows how to p2p. For me to complete my design I require your help with the following questions: Is there an easy//a simple//an implemented way to convert the Audio/Video format from the JMF into SDP media headers? or even a generator that I would input all the parameters for the content header, and it would generate a content header fast, or do I have to implement this myself? Once I've finished constructing the SDK and the SIP is up and running and I get an OK response from the server (after ringing and all), how do I start the media session? do I connect p2p according to caller details I send in the SIP invite? If 2 is correct, then how does a connection to land lines would be? does land lines knows that once they send an OK back to server they listen/start RTP session on a specific port? Or did I get everything wrong? :-/ I really appreciate any help I could I get, I looked every where for answers but they are not clear, they ignore question 2 as if it was an obvious thing, but for me it just isn't. Thank in advance, Adam Zehavi.

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  • Q on Python serialization/deserialization

    - by neil
    What chances do I have to instantiate, keep and serialize/deserialize to/from binary data Python classes reflecting this pattern (adopted from RFC 2246 [TLS]): enum { apple, orange } VariantTag; struct { uint16 number; opaque string<0..10>; /* variable length */ } V1; struct { uint32 number; opaque string[10]; /* fixed length */ } V2; struct { select (VariantTag) { /* value of selector is implicit */ case apple: V1; /* VariantBody, tag = apple */ case orange: V2; /* VariantBody, tag = orange */ } variant_body; /* optional label on variant */ } VariantRecord; Basically I would have to define a (variant) class VariantRecord, which varies depending on the value of VariantTag. That's not that difficult. The challenge is to find a most generic way to build a class, which serializes/deserializes to and from a byte stream... Pickle, Google protocol buffer, marshal is all not an option. I made little success with having an explicit "def serialize" in my class, but I'm not very happy with it, because it's not generic enough. I hope I could express the problem. My current solution in case VariantTag = apple would look like this, but I don't like it too much import binascii import struct class VariantRecord(object): def __init__(self, number, opaque): self.number = number self.opaque = opaque def serialize(self): out = struct.pack('>HB%ds' % len(self.opaque), self.number, len(self.opaque), self.opaque) return out v = VariantRecord(10, 'Hello') print binascii.hexlify(v.serialize()) >> 000a0548656c6c6f Regards

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  • How to accurately parse smtp message status code (DSN)?

    - by Geo
    RFC1893 claims that status codes will come in the format below you can read more here. But our bounce management system is having a hard time parsing error status code from bounce messages. We are able to get the raw message, but depending on the email server the code will come in different places. Is there any rule on how to parse this type of messages to obtain better results. We are not looking for the 100% solution but at least 80%. This document defines a new set of status codes to report mail system conditions. These status codes are intended to be used for media and language independent status reporting. They are not intended for system specific diagnostics. The syntax of the new status codes is defined as: status-code = class "." subject "." detail class = "2"/"4"/"5" subject = 1*3digit detail = 1*3digit White-space characters and comments are NOT allowed within a status- code. Each numeric sub-code within the status-code MUST be expressed without leading zero digits. The quote above from the RFC tells one thing but then the text below from a leading tool on bounce management says something different, where I can get a good source of standard status codes: Return Code Description 0 UNDETERMINED - (ie. Recipient Reply) 10 HARD BOUNCE - (ie. User Unknown) 20 SOFT BOUNCE - General 21 SOFT BOUNCE - Dns Failure 22 SOFT BOUNCE - Mailbox Full 23 SOFT BOUNCE - Message Too Large 30 BOUNCE - NO EMAIL ADDRESS. VERY RARE! 40 GENERAL BOUNCE 50 MAIL BLOCK - General 51 MAIL BLOCK - Known Spammer 52 MAIL BLOCK - Spam Detected 53 MAIL BLOCK - Attachment Detected 54 MAIL BLOCK - Relay Denied 60 AUTO REPLY - (ie. Out Of Office) 70 TRANSIENT BOUNCE 80 SUBSCRIBE Request 90 UNSUBSCRIBE/REMOVE Request 100 CHALLENGE-RESPONSE

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  • How to design a RESTful collection resource?

    - by Suresh Kumar
    I am trying to design a "collection of items" resource. I need to support the following operations: Create the collection Remove the collection Add a single item to the collection Add multiple items to the collection Remove a single item from the collection Remove multiple items from the collection This is as far as I have gone: Create collection: ==> POST /service Host: www.myserver.com Content-Type: application/xml <collection name="items"> <item href="item1"/> <item href="item2"/> <item href="item3"/> </collection> <== 201 Created Location: http://myserver.com/service/items Content-Type: application/xml ... Remove collection: ==> DELETE /service/items <== 200 OK Removing a single item from the collection: ==> DELETE /service/items/item1 <== 200 OK However, I am finding supporting the other operations a bit tricky i.e. what methods can I use to: Add single or multiple items to the collection. (PUT doesn't seem to be right here as per HTTP 1.1 RFC Remove multiple items from the collection in one transaction. (DELETE doesn't seem to right here either)

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  • Python - Open default mail client using mailto, with multiple recipients

    - by victorhooi
    Hi, I'm attempting to write a Python function to send an email to a list of users, using the default installed mail client. I want to open the email client, and give the user the opportunity to edit the list of users or the email body. I did some searching, and according to here: http://www.sightspecific.com/~mosh/WWW_FAQ/multrec.html It's apparently against the RFC spec to put multiple comma-delimited recipients in a mailto link. However, that's the way everybody else seems to be doing it. What exactly is the modern stance on this? Anyhow, I found the following two sites: http://2ality.blogspot.com/2009/02/generate-emails-with-mailto-urls-and.html http://www.megasolutions.net/python/invoke-users-standard-mail-client-64348.aspx which seem to suggest solutions using urllib.parse (url.parse.quote for me), and webbrowser.open. I tried the sample code from the first link (2ality.blogspot.com), and that worked fine, and opened my default mail client. However, when I try to use the code in my own module, it seems to open up my default browser, for some weird reason. No funny text in the address bar, it just opens up the browser. The email_incorrect_phone_numbers() function is in the Employees class, which contains a dictionary (employee_dict) of Employee objects, which themselves have a number of employee attributes (sn, givenName, mail etc.). Full code is actually here (http://stackoverflow.com/questions/2963975/python-converting-csv-to-objects-code-design) from urllib.parse import quote import webbrowser .... def email_incorrect_phone_numbers(self): email_list = [] for employee in self.employee_dict.values(): if not PhoneNumberFormats.standard_format.search(employee.telephoneNumber): print(employee.telephoneNumber, employee.sn, employee.givenName, employee.mail) email_list.append(employee.mail) recipients = ', '.join(email_list) webbrowser.open("mailto:%s?subject=%s&body=%s" % (recipients, quote("testing"), quote('testing')) ) Any suggestions? Cheers, Victor

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  • How to cache an HTTP POST response?

    - by KARASZI István
    I would like to create a cacheable HTTP response for a POST request. My actual implementation responses the following for the POST request: HTTP/1.1 201 Created Expires: Sat, 03 Oct 2020 15:33:00 GMT Cache-Control: private,max-age=315360000,no-transform Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded; charset=UTF-8 Content-Length: 9 ETag: 2120507660800737950 Last-Modified: Wed, 06 Oct 2010 15:33:00 GMT ......... But it looks like that the browsers (Safari, Firefox tested) are not cacheing the response. In the HTTP RFC the corresponding part says: Responses to this method are not cacheable, unless the response includes appropriate Cache-Control or Expires header fields. However, the 303 (See Other) response can be used to direct the user agent to retrieve a cacheable resource. So I think it should be cached. I know I could set a session variable and set a cookie and do a 303 redirect, but I want to cache the response of the POST request. Is there any way to do this? P.S.: I've started with a simple 200 OK, so it does not work. Thanks,

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  • Client Web Browser Behavior When Handling 301 Redirect

    - by Jon Swanson
    The RFC seems to suggest that the client should permanently cache the response: http://www.w3.org/Protocols/rfc2616/rfc2616-sec10.html 10.3.2 301 Moved Permanently The requested resource has been assigned a new permanent URI and any future references to this resource SHOULD use one of the returned URIs. Clients with link editing capabilities ought to automatically re-link references to the Request-URI to one or more of the new references returned by the server, where possible. This response is cacheable unless indicated otherwise. The new permanent URI SHOULD be given by the Location field in the response. Unless the request method was HEAD, the entity of the response SHOULD contain a short hypertext note with a hyperlink to the new URI(s). If the 301 status code is received in response to a request other than GET or HEAD, the user agent MUST NOT automatically redirect the request unless it can be confirmed by the user, since this might change the conditions under which the request was issued. Note: When automatically redirecting a POST request after receiving a 301 status code, some existing HTTP/1.0 user agents will erroneously change it into a GET request. I'm having a hard time finding concrete browser documentation for any major browser that states how they handle these. I've started digging through the source code of firefox, but quickly got lost. Is the following scenario true for which (if any) browsers, and is there definitive documentation for either Firefox or IE that states as much?: First Time Around: 1.1: User enters link to site A, or clicks on a link directed at Site A 1.2: Browser interprets link at Site A, first time, no cache. Sends GET to Site A. 1.2: Site A responds with 301 Redirect to Site B 1.3: Browser sends GET to Site B. Any Subsequent Times Around: 2.2: User clicks on a link directed at Site A 2.2: Browser sees that, due to a past 301 redirect, Site A should now be Site B. 2.3: Without initiating any request whatsoever at Site A, browser initiates GET at Site B.

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  • Best way to convert a Unicode URL to ASCII (UTF-8 percent-escaped) in Python?

    - by benhoyt
    I'm wondering what's the best way -- or if there's a simple way with the standard library -- to convert a URL with Unicode chars in the domain name and path to the equivalent ASCII URL, encoded with domain as IDNA and the path %-encoded, as per RFC 3986. I get from the user a URL in UTF-8. So if they've typed in http://?.ws/? I get 'http://\xe2\x9e\xa1.ws/\xe2\x99\xa5' in Python. And what I want out is the ASCII version: 'http://xn--hgi.ws/%E2%99%A5'. What I do at the moment is split the URL up into parts via a regex, and then manually IDNA-encode the domain, and separately encode the path and query string with different urllib.quote() calls. # url is UTF-8 here, eg: url = u'http://?.ws/?'.encode('utf-8') match = re.match(r'([a-z]{3,5})://(.+\.[a-z0-9]{1,6})' r'(:\d{1,5})?(/.*?)(\?.*)?$', url, flags=re.I) if not match: raise BadURLException(url) protocol, domain, port, path, query = match.groups() try: domain = unicode(domain, 'utf-8') except UnicodeDecodeError: return '' # bad UTF-8 chars in domain domain = domain.encode('idna') if port is None: port = '' path = urllib.quote(path) if query is None: query = '' else: query = urllib.quote(query, safe='=&?/') url = protocol + '://' + domain + port + path + query # url is ASCII here, eg: url = 'http://xn--hgi.ws/%E3%89%8C' Is this correct? Any better suggestions? Is there a simple standard-library function to do this?

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  • Finding the right terminology for a dictionary table

    - by Karl Forner
    My concern is about what I currently call "dictionary tables", that are database tables containing a list of controlled vocabulary. Let's use an example: Suppose you have a table User containing fields: user_id : primary key first_name last_name user_type_id : foreign key to the UserType table and another table UserType with just two fields: user_type_id : primary key name : the name/value of a particular type of user. For instance, the UserType table may contain (1, Administrator), (2, PowerUser), (3, Normal)... My question is: what is the canonical term for a table like UserType, that only contains a list of (dictinct) words. I want to publish some code that help managing this kind of tables, but first I have to name them ! Thanks for your help. Current state of thought: For now I feel Lookup Tables is a good term. It is also used with the same meaning in these posts: http://dbix-class.35028.n2.nabble.com/RFC-Component-for-Lookup-tables-td3504085.html http://tonyandrews.blogspot.de/2004/10/otlt-and-eav-two-big-design-mistakes.html Lookup Tables Best Practices: DB Tables... or Enumerations The only problem is that lookup table is also sometimes used to name a junction table.

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