strong typing - Page 10

Is the switch to Dvorak worth it?

- by Kevin Weil

To those who were experienced ( 70 WPM, say) typists before the switch to Dvorak -- were you faster after switching? There are a couple good SO threads on Dvorak, but they are more on how to learn or reduction in typing pain than speed before/after. I know it will take me 1-2 months to feel comfortable, but I want to know if I should expect to be faster afterward. I am a programmer and type maybe 90-110 WPM on QWERTY. EDIT: I agree that coding is not typically IO-bound, and that a minimum typing speed is sufficient. This is half from curiosity, but it will be an undertaking to achieve QWERTY parity, so I want to know if I should at least expect some asymptotic improvement.

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What tricks can be used to type and edit code faster?

- by Thomas

As Jeff Atwood noted, we are typists first, programmers second. Fast typing and editing may not be essential to be a good programmer, but it certainly helps. I noticed that I consciously and subconsciously use various tricks to get my intent across to the computer as fast as possible. What tricks can be used to type and edit code faster? I'm hoping to collect a nice list here that we can all learn from, so that we can be ever so slightly more productive. One trick per answer please! (This is not about typing speed in general. There are other questions about that. It's also not about general answers like "learn your editor's shortcut keys". Think of this topic as micro-optimizations for specific cases. See my own answers for examples of what I mean.)

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Why isn't Japanese software industry as strong as their hardware technology?

- by Joan Venge

I admire Japanese technology and their innovation. They always seem to be one step ahead of everyone else. But why isn't their software industry just as developed? Why aren't there any Japanese operating systems, high-end game engines, 3D digital content creation applications? I would like to see their take on these and I think it could bring alot of innovation. Btw I mentioned 3D software because the animation industry is strong there as well, but they are using North American software for this.

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Typewriter Sounds

- by Mr. Typing Sounds

Since I switched to Ubuntu 12.04 I'd only missed one thing. A program which could launch typewriter sounds while typing. For instance, in Windows I used this: http://www.colorpilot.com/soundpilot.html for a long time. I learned then that this writing program: http://gottcode.org/focuswriter/ had the sounds but only for the program itself. However, sometimes I'm writing an email, writing on the web or doing more complex writing tasks in LibreOffice - all places where these long missed typing sounds don't apply. Does any of you know of any plans in the community of the sound bit - typing sounds - as an independent program or applet to be fetched in the Ubuntu Software Center soon? The Rhythm Of Creative Writing would really be helped then! ;-)

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Duck type testing with C# 4 for dynamic objects.

- by Tracker1

I'm wanting to have a simple duck typing example in C# using dynamic objects. It would seem to me, that a dynamic object should have HasValue/HasProperty/HasMethod methods with a single string parameter for the name of the value, property, or method you are looking for before trying to run against it. I'm trying to avoid try/catch blocks, and deeper reflection if possible. It just seems to be a common practice for duck typing in dynamic languages (JS, Ruby, Python etc.) that is to test for a property/method before trying to use it, then falling back to a default, or throwing a controlled exception. The example below is basically what I want to accomplish. If the methods described above don't exist, does anyone have premade extension methods for dynamic that will do this? Example: In JavaScript I can test for a method on an object fairly easily. //JavaScript function quack(duck) { if (duck && typeof duck.quack === "function") { return duck.quack(); } return null; //nothing to return, not a duck } How would I do the same in C#? //C# 4 dynamic Quack(dynamic duck) { //how do I test that the duck is not null, //and has a quack method? //if it doesn't quack, return null }

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How to know strong name of GWT serialization policy at the time of host page generation?

- by Alexander Vasiljev

There is an excellent article describing a way to embed GWT RPC payload into the host page. A key element is missing there is how to know Strong Name of RPC serialization policy at run time. Strong Name is computed at the compile time, put into the client and obfurscated. Strong name is sent to the server with RPC request as described here. What would you suggest to make this parameter available at the time of host page generation?

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Rails 4, not saving @user.save when registering new user

- by Yuichi

When I try to register an user, it does not give me any error but just cannot save the user. I don't have attr_accessible. I'm not sure what I am missing. Please help me. user.rb class User < ActiveRecord::Base has_secure_password validates :email, presence: true, uniqueness: true, format: { with: /\A([^@\s]+)@((?:[-a-z0-9]+\.)+[a-z]{2,})\Z/i } validates :password, presence: true, length: {minimum: 6} validates :nickname, presence: true, uniqueness: true end users_controller.rb class UsersController < ApplicationController def new @user = User.new end def create @user = User.new(user_params) # Not saving @user ... if @user.save flash[:success] = "Successfully registered" redirect_to videos_path else flash[:error] = "Cannot create an user, check the input and try again" render :new end end private def user_params params.require(:user).permit(:email, :password, :nickname) end end Log: Processing by UsersController#create as HTML Parameters: {"utf8"=>"?", "authenticity_token"=>"x5OqMgarqMFj17dVSuA8tVueg1dncS3YtkCfMzMpOUE=", "user"=>{"email"=>"[email protected]", "password"=>"[FILTERED]", "nickname"=>"example"}, "commit"=>"Register"} (0.1ms) begin transaction User Exists (0.2ms) SELECT 1 AS one FROM "users" WHERE "users"."email" = '[email protected]' LIMIT 1 User Exists (0.1ms) SELECT 1 AS one FROM "users" WHERE "users"."nickname" = 'example' LIMIT 1 (0.1ms) rollback transaction

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When to use and when to use ?

- by metal-gear-solid

When to use and when to use or other ways to give look of bold? strong has semantic value ( and useful for screen reader while b is presentation (and even valid in HTML 5). my question is not what is the difference between strong and b. The question is when to use semantic tag and when to use just to make text bold Should I always use if client's content files (MS word files) has some words bold in content paragraphs? How can we know when client want to give emphasis to text and when he just want to make text bold for presentation/aesthetic purpose? If it's client job to tell us, then how to explain this scenario to client to give us clear info on "when he just want to make text bold for presentation/aesthetic purpose" ?

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C#: How to find the default value for a run-time Type?

- by George Mauer

So given a static type in your code you can do var defaultMyTypeVal = default(MyType); How would you do the same thing given a variable of Type so you can use it during runtime? In other words how do I implement the following method without a bunch of if statements or using Generics (because I will not know the type I'm passing into the method at compile time)? public object GetDefaultValueForType(Type type) { .... }

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Do assembly strong names change when new versions of .Net are released?

- by Ryan Michela

I'm trying to load an assembly that was installed as part of .Net 3.5 SP1 using Assembly.Load() by referencing its strong name. This works fine on my computer right now, but is it future proof? Will the strong name of core .Net assemblies change when patches are installed or new versions of the .Net framework are released? If so, how can I load an assembly from the GAC without using it's strong name?

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Is there a better term than "smoothness" or "granularity" to describe this language feature?

- by Chris Stevens

One of the best things about programming is the abundance of different languages. There are general purpose languages like C++ and Java, as well as little languages like XSLT and AWK. When comparing languages, people often use things like speed, power, expressiveness, and portability as the important distinguishing features. There is one characteristic of languages I consider to be important that, so far, I haven't heard [or been able to come up with] a good term for: how well a language scales from writing tiny programs to writing huge programs. Some languages make it easy and painless to write programs that only require a few lines of code, e.g. task automation. But those languages often don't have enough power to solve large problems, e.g. GUI programming. Conversely, languages that are powerful enough for big problems often require far too much overhead for small problems. This characteristic is important because problems that look small at first frequently grow in scope in unexpected ways. If a programmer chooses a language appropriate only for small tasks, scope changes can require rewriting code from scratch in a new language. And if the programmer chooses a language with lots of overhead and friction to solve a problem that stays small, it will be harder for other people to use and understand than necessary. Rewriting code that works fine is the single most wasteful thing a programmer can do with their time, but using a bazooka to kill a mosquito instead of a flyswatter isn't good either. Here are some of the ways this characteristic presents itself. Can be used interactively - there is some environment where programmers can enter commands one by one Requires no more than one file - neither project files nor makefiles are required for running in batch mode Can easily split code across multiple files - files can refeence each other, or there is some support for modules Has good support for data structures - supports structures like arrays, lists, and especially classes Supports a wide variety of features - features like networking, serialization, XML, and database connectivity are supported by standard libraries Here's my take on how C#, Python, and shell scripting measure up. Python scores highest. Feature C# Python shell scripting --------------- --------- --------- --------------- Interactive poor strong strong One file poor strong strong Multiple files strong strong moderate Data structures strong strong poor Features strong strong strong Is there a term that captures this idea? If not, what term should I use? Here are some candidates. Scalability - already used to decribe language performance, so it's not a good idea to overload it in the context of language syntax Granularity - expresses the idea of being good just for big tasks versus being good for big and small tasks, but doesn't express anything about data structures Smoothness - expresses the idea of low friction, but doesn't express anything about strength of data structures or features Note: Some of these properties are more correctly described as belonging to a compiler or IDE than the language itself. Please consider these tools collectively as the language environment. My question is about how easy or difficult languages are to use, which depends on the environment as well as the language.

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Is there a better term than "smoothness" or "granularity" to describe this language feature?

- by Chris

One of the best things about programming is the abundance of different languages. There are general purpose languages like C++ and Java, as well as little languages like XSLT and AWK. When comparing languages, people often use things like speed, power, expressiveness, and portability as the important distinguishing features. There is one characteristic of languages I consider to be important that, so far, I haven't heard [or been able to come up with] a good term for: how well a language scales from writing tiny programs to writing huge programs. Some languages make it easy and painless to write programs that only require a few lines of code, e.g. task automation. But those languages often don't have enough power to solve large problems, e.g. GUI programming. Conversely, languages that are powerful enough for big problems often require far too much overhead for small problems. This characteristic is important because problems that look small at first frequently grow in scope in unexpected ways. If a programmer chooses a language appropriate only for small tasks, scope changes can require rewriting code from scratch in a new language. And if the programmer chooses a language with lots of overhead and friction to solve a problem that stays small, it will be harder for other people to use and understand than necessary. Rewriting code that works fine is the single most wasteful thing a programmer can do with their time, but using a bazooka to kill a mosquito instead of a flyswatter isn't good either. Here are some of the ways this characteristic presents itself. Can be used interactively - there is some environment where programmers can enter commands one by one Requires no more than one file - neither project files nor makefiles are required for running in batch mode Can easily split code across multiple files - files can refeence each other, or there is some support for modules Has good support for data structures - supports structures like arrays, lists, and especially classes Supports a wide variety of features - features like networking, serialization, XML, and database connectivity are supported by standard libraries Here's my take on how C#, Python, and shell scripting measure up. Python scores highest. Feature C# Python shell scripting --------------- --------- --------- --------------- Interactive poor strong strong One file poor strong strong Multiple files strong strong moderate Data structures strong strong poor Features strong strong strong Is there a term that captures this idea? If not, what term should I use? Here are some candidates. Scalability - already used to decribe language performance, so it's not a good idea to overload it in the context of language syntax Granularity - expresses the idea of being good just for big tasks versus being good for big and small tasks, but doesn't express anything about data structures Smoothness - expresses the idea of low friction, but doesn't express anything about strength of data structures or features Note: Some of these properties are more correctly described as belonging to a compiler or IDE than the language itself. Please consider these tools collectively as the language environment. My question is about how easy or difficult languages are to use, which depends on the environment as well as the language.

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php edit database entery script not working.

- by Jacksta

I have two files which show all contats in a database, then edits them. The second script keeps directing the browser back due to this part. I cant work out how to make it work! :) <?php if (!$_POST[id]) { header( "Location: pick_modcontact.php"); exit; } else { session_start(); } if ($_SESSION[valid] != "yes") { header( "Location: pick_modcontact.php"); exit; } This script shows all contacts in a database which is an "address book" this part works fine. please see below. Name:pick_modcontact.php if ($_SESSION[valid] != "yes") { header( "Location: contact_menu.php"); exit; } $db_name = "testDB"; $table_name = "my_contacts"; $connection = @mysql_connect("localhost", "admin", "user") or die(mysql_error()); $db = @mysql_select_db($db_name, $connection) or die(mysql_error()); $sql = "SELECT id, f_name, l_name FROM $table_name ORDER BY f_name"; $result = @mysql_query($sql, $connection) or die(mysql_error()); $num = @mysql_num_rows($result); if ($num < 1) { $display_block = "Sorry No Results!"; } else { while ($row = mysql_fetch_array($result)) { $id = $row['id']; $f_name = $row['f_name']; $l_name = $row['l_name']; $option_block .= "<option value\"$id\">$f_name, $l_name</option>"; } $display_block = "<form method=\"POST\" action=\"show_modcontact.php\"> Contact: <select name=\"id\">$option_block</select> <input type=\"submit\" name=\"submit\" value=\"Select This Contact\"> </form>"; } ?> <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd"> <html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"> <head> <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" /> <title>Modify A Contact</title> </head> <body> <h1>My Contact Management System</h1> <h2>Modify a Contact</h2> Select a contact from the list below, to modify the contact's record. <? echo "$display_block"; ?> <a href="contact_menu.php">Return to Main Menu</a> </body> </html> This script is for modifying the contact: named show_modcontact.php <?php if (!$_POST[id]) { header( "Location: pick_modcontact.php"); exit; } else { session_start(); } if ($_SESSION[valid] != "yes") { header( "Location: pick_modcontact.php"); exit; } $db_name = "testDB"; $table_name = "my_contacts"; $connection = @mysql_connect("localhost", "admin_cantsayno", "cantsayno") or die(mysql_error()); $db = @mysql_select_db($db_name, $connection) or die(mysql_error()); $sql = "SELECT f_name, l_name, address1, address2, address3, postcode, prim_tel, sec_tel, email, birthday FROM $table_name WHERE id = '$_POST[id]'"; $result = @mysql_query($sql, $connection) or die(mysql_error()); while ($row = mysql_fetch_array($result)) { $f_name = $row['f_name']; $l_name = $row['l_name']; $address1 = $row['address1']; $address2 = $row['address2']; $address3 = $row['address3']; $country = $row['country']; $prim_tel = $row['prim_tel']; $sec_tel = $row['sec_tel']; $email = $row['email']; $birthday = $row['birthday']; } ?> <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd"> <html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"> <head> <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" /> <title>Modify A Contact</title> </head> <body> <form action="do_modcontact.php" method="post"> <input type="id" value="<? echo "$_POST[id]"; ?>" /> <table cellpadding="5" cellspacing="3"> <tr> <th>Name & Address Information</th> <th> Other Contact / Personal Information</th> </tr> <tr> <td align="top"> First Name: <input type="text" name="f_name" value="<? echo "$f_name" ?>" size="35" maxlength="75" /> Last Name: <input type="text" name="l_name" value="<? echo "$l_name" ?>" size="35" maxlength="75" /> Address1: <input type="text" name="f_name" value="<? echo "$address1" ?>" size="35" maxlength="75" /> Address2: <input type="text" name="f_name" value="<? echo "$address2" ?>" size="35" maxlength="75" /> Address3: <input type="text" name="f_name" value="<? echo "$address3" ?>" size="35" maxlength="75" /> Postcode: <input type="text" name="f_name" value="<? echo "$postcode" ?>" size="35" maxlength="75" /> Country: <input type="text" name="f_name" value="<? echo "$country" ?>" size="35" maxlength="75" /> First Name: <input type="text" name="f_name" value="<? echo "$f_name" ?>" size="35" maxlength="75" /> </td> <td align="top"> Prim Tel: <input type="text" name="f_name" value="<? echo "$prim_tel" ?>" size="35" maxlength="75" /> Sec Tel: <input type="text" name="f_name" value="<? echo "$sec_tel" ?>" size="35" maxlength="75" /> Email: <input type="text" name="f_name" value="<? echo "$email" ?>" size="35" maxlength="75" /> Birthday: <input type="text" name="f_name" value="<? echo "$birthday" ?>" size="35" maxlength="75" /> </td> </tr> <tr> <td align="center"> <input type="submit" name="submit" value="Update Contact" /> <a href="contact_menu.php">Retuen To Menu</a> </td> </tr> </table> </form> </body> </html>

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php + MySQL editing table data.

- by Jacksta

This question is relating to 2 php scripts. The first script is called pick_modcontact.php where I choose a contact (from a contact book like phone book), then posts to the script show_modcontact.php When I click the submit button on the form on pick.modcontact.php. As a result of submitting the form I am then taken to show_modcontact.php. As the variables are not present the user is directed back to pick_modcontact.php I can not work out how to correct the code so that it will show the results of the script show_modcontact.php This script shows all contacts in a database which is an "address book" this part works fine. please see below. Name:pick_modcontact.php if ($_SESSION['valid'] != "yes") { header( "Location: contact_menu.php"); exit; } $db_name = "testDB"; $table_name = "my_contacts"; $connection = @mysql_connect("localhost", "admin", "user") or die(mysql_error()); $db = @mysql_select_db($db_name, $connection) or die(mysql_error()); $sql = "SELECT id, f_name, l_name FROM $table_name ORDER BY f_name"; $result = @mysql_query($sql, $connection) or die(mysql_error()); $num = @mysql_num_rows($result); if ($num < 1) { $display_block = "Sorry No Results!"; } else { while ($row = mysql_fetch_array($result)) { $id = $row['id']; $f_name = $row['f_name']; $l_name = $row['l_name']; $option_block .= "<option value\"$id\">$f_name, $l_name</option>"; } $display_block = "<form method=\"POST\" action=\"show_modcontact.php\"> Contact: <select name=\"id\">$option_block</select> <input type=\"submit\" name=\"submit\" value=\"Select This Contact\"> </form>"; } ?> <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd"> <html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"> <head> <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" /> <title>Modify A Contact</title> </head> <body> <h1>My Contact Management System</h1> <h2>Modify a Contact</h2> Select a contact from the list below, to modify the contact's record. <? echo "$display_block"; ?> <a href="contact_menu.php">Return to Main Menu</a> </body> </html> This script is for modifying the contact: named show_modcontact.php <?php if (!$_POST['id']) { header( "Location: pick_modcontact.php"); exit; } else { session_start(); } if ($_SESSION['valid'] != "yes") { header( "Location: pick_modcontact.php"); exit; } $db_name = "testDB"; $table_name = "my_contacts"; $connection = @mysql_connect("localhost", "admin", "pass") or die(mysql_error()); $db = @mysql_select_db($db_name, $connection) or die(mysql_error()); $sql = "SELECT f_name, l_name, address1, address2, address3, postcode, prim_tel, sec_tel, email, birthday FROM $table_name WHERE id = '" . $_POST['id'] . "'"; $result = @mysql_query($sql, $connection) or die(mysql_error()); while ($row = mysql_fetch_array($result)) { $f_name = $row['f_name']; $l_name = $row['l_name']; $address1 = $row['address1']; $address2 = $row['address2']; $address3 = $row['address3']; $country = $row['country']; $prim_tel = $row['prim_tel']; $sec_tel = $row['sec_tel']; $email = $row['email']; $birthday = $row['birthday']; } ?> <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd"> <html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"> <head> <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" /> <title>Modify A Contact</title> </head> <body> <form action="do_modcontact.php" method="post"> <input type="text" name="id" value="<? echo $_POST['id']; ?>" /> <table cellpadding="5" cellspacing="3"> <tr> <th>Name & Address Information</th> <th> Other Contact / Personal Information</th> </tr> <tr> <td align="top"> First Name: <input type="text" name="f_name" value="<? echo "$f_name"; ?>" size="35" maxlength="75" /> Last Name: <input type="text" name="l_name" value="<? echo "$l_name"; ?>" size="35" maxlength="75" /> Address1: <input type="text" name="f_name" value="<? echo "$address1"; ?>" size="35" maxlength="75" /> Address2: <input type="text" name="f_name" value="<? echo "$address2"; ?>" size="35" maxlength="75" /> Address3: <input type="text" name="f_name" value="<? echo "$address3"; ?>" size="35" maxlength="75" /> Postcode: <input type="text" name="f_name" value="<? echo "$postcode"; ?>" size="35" maxlength="75" /> Country: <input type="text" name="f_name" value="<? echo "$country"; ?>" size="35" maxlength="75" /> First Name: <input type="text" name="f_name" value="<? echo "$f_name"; ?>" size="35" maxlength="75" /> </td> <td align="top"> Prim Tel: <input type="text" name="f_name" value="<? echo "$prim_tel"; ?>" size="35" maxlength="75" /> Sec Tel: <input type="text" name="f_name" value="<? echo "$sec_tel"; ?>" size="35" maxlength="75" /> Email: <input type="text" name="f_name" value="<? echo "$email;" ?>" size="35" maxlength="75" /> Birthday: <input type="text" name="f_name" value="<? echo "$birthday"; ?>" size="35" maxlength="75" /> </td> </tr> <tr> <td align="center"> <input type="submit" name="submit" value="Update Contact" /> <a href="contact_menu.php">Retuen To Menu</a> </td> </tr> </table> </form> </body> </html> note for site admin, I am re posting this question with the hope of someone else reading over it. older questions seem to go dead after a while.

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http request to cgi python script successful, but the script doesn't seem to run

- by chipChocolate.py

I have configured cgi scripts for my apache2 web server. Here is what I want to do: Client uploads the image to the server. (this already works) On success, I want to execute the python script to resize the image. I tried the following and the success function does execute but my python script does not seem to execute: Javascript code that sends the request: var input = document.getElementById('imageLoader'); imageName = input.value; var file = input.files[0]; if(file != undefined){ formData= new FormData(); console.log(formData.length); if(!!file.type.match(/image.*/)){ formData.append("image", file); $.ajax({ url: "upload.php", type: "POST", processData: false, contentType: false, success: function() { var input = document.getElementById('imageLoader'); imageName = input.value; var file = input.files[0]; formData = new FormData(); formData.append("filename", file); $.ajax({ url: "http://localhost/Main/cgi-bin/resize.py", type: "POST", data: formData, processData: false, contentType: false, success: function(data) { console.log(data); } }); // code continues... resize.py: #!/usr/bin/python import cgi import cgitb import Image cgitb.enable() data = cgi.FieldStorage() filename = data.getvalue("filename") im = Image.open("../JS/upload/" + filename) (width, height) = im.size maxWidth = 600 maxHeight = 400 if width > maxWidth: d = float(width) / maxWidth height = int(height / d) width = maxWidth if height > maxHeight: d = float(height) / maxHeight width = int(width / d) height = maxHeight size = (width, height) im = im.resize(size, Image.ANTIALIAS) im.save("../JS/upload/" + filename, quality=100) This is the apache2.conf: <Directory /var/www/html/Main/cgi-bin> AllowOverride None Options +ExecCGI SetHandler cgi-script AddHandler cgi-script .py .cgi Order allow,deny Allow from all </Directory> cgi-bin and python script file permissions: drwxrwxr-x 2 mou mou 4096 Aug 24 03:28 cgi-bin -rwxrwxrwx 1 mou mou 1673 Aug 24 03:28 resize.py Edit: Executing this code $.ajax({ url: "http://localhost/Main/cgi-bin/resize.py", type: "POST", data: formData, // formData = {"filename" : "the filename which was saved in a variable whie the image was uploaded"} processData: false, contentType: false, success: function(data) { alert(data); } }); it alerts the following: <body bgcolor="#f0f0f8"> --> <body bgcolor="#f0f0f8"> --> --> </script> </object> </blockquote> </pre> </table> </table> </table> </table> </table> <body bgcolor="#f0f0f8"> <table width="100%" cellspacing=0 cellpadding=2 border=0 summary="heading"> <tr bgcolor="#6622aa"> <td valign=bottom>    <big><big><type 'exceptions.TypeError'></big></big></td ><td align=right valign=bottom >Python 2.7.6: /usr/bin/python Sun Aug 24 17:24:15 2014</td></tr></table> A problem occurred in a Python script. Here is the sequence of function calls leading up to the error, in the order they occurred. <table width="100%" cellspacing=0 cellpadding=0 border=0> <tr><td bgcolor="#d8bbff"><big> </big><a href="file:///var/www/html/Main/cgi-bin/resize.py">/var/www/html/Main/cgi-bin/resize.py</a> in <module>()</td></tr> <tr><td><tt>     10  </tt></td></tr> <tr><td><tt>     11 filename = data.getvalue("filename") </tt></td></tr> <tr><td bgcolor="#ffccee"><tt>=>   12 im = Image.open("../JS/upload/" + filename) </tt></td></tr> <tr><td><tt>     13  </tt></td></tr> <tr><td><tt>     14 (width, height) = im.size </tt></td></tr> <tr><td>im undefined, Image = <module 'Image' from '/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/PILcompat/Image.pyc'>, Image.open = <function open>, filename = '\xff\xd8\xff\xe0\x00\x10JFIF\x00\x01\x01\x00\x00\x01\x00\x01\x00\x00\xff\xdb\x00C\x00\x06\x04\x05\x06\x05\x04\x06\x06\x05\x06\x07\x07\x06\x08\n\x10\n\n\t\t\n\x14\x0e...\x94\r\x17\x11b\xcd\xdc\x1a\xfe\xf1\x05\x1b\x15\xd1R\xce\xe9*\xb5\x8eb\x97\x82\x87R\xf4\xaaK\x836\xbf\xfb0\xa0\xb68\xa9C\x86\x8d\x96n+E\xd3\x7f\x99\xff\xd9'</td></tr></table> <table width="100%" cellspacing=0 cellpadding=0 border=0> <tr><td bgcolor="#d8bbff"><big> </big><a href="file:///usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/PIL/Image.py">/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/PIL/Image.py</a> in open(fp='../JS/upload/\xff\xd8\xff\xe0\x00\x10JFIF\x00\x01\x01\x00\x00\x01\x00\x01\x00\x00\xff\xdb\x00C\x00\x06\x04\x05\x06\x05\x04\x06\x06\x05\x06...\x94\r\x17\x11b\xcd\xdc\x1a\xfe\xf1\x05\x1b\x15\xd1R\xce\xe9*\xb5\x8eb\x97\x82\x87R\xf4\xaaK\x836\xbf\xfb0\xa0\xb68\xa9C\x86\x8d\x96n+E\xd3\x7f\x99\xff\xd9', mode='r')</td></tr> <tr><td><tt>   1994     if isPath(fp): </tt></td></tr> <tr><td><tt>   1995         filename = fp </tt></td></tr> <tr><td bgcolor="#ffccee"><tt>=> 1996         fp = builtins.open(fp, "rb") </tt></td></tr> <tr><td><tt>   1997     else: </tt></td></tr> <tr><td><tt>   1998         filename = "" </tt></td></tr> <tr><td>fp = '../JS/upload/\xff\xd8\xff\xe0\x00\x10JFIF\x00\x01\x01\x00\x00\x01\x00\x01\x00\x00\xff\xdb\x00C\x00\x06\x04\x05\x06\x05\x04\x06\x06\x05\x06...\x94\r\x17\x11b\xcd\xdc\x1a\xfe\xf1\x05\x1b\x15\xd1R\xce\xe9*\xb5\x8eb\x97\x82\x87R\xf4\xaaK\x836\xbf\xfb0\xa0\xb68\xa9C\x86\x8d\x96n+E\xd3\x7f\x99\xff\xd9', global builtins = <module '__builtin__' (built-in)>, builtins.open = <built-in function open></td></tr></table><type 'exceptions.TypeError'>: file() argument 1 must be encoded string without NULL bytes, not str <tt>      </tt>args = ('file() argument 1 must be encoded string without NULL bytes, not str',) <tt>      </tt>message = 'file() argument 1 must be encoded string without NULL bytes, not str'  Does this mean that the formData I am sending over is empty?

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Automatically closing braces in emacs?

- by Dave Rigby

Hi I've seen a plugin for Vim called AutoClose (discovered from this post) which automatically adds the closing brace when typing '(', '{' etc. For example; when I type the following ( | is the cursor): int main(| I would like the closing ) to be inserted automatically for me: int main(|) Does anyone know of a similar feature for emacs - Google has failed me this time!

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How to type multiple characters on a mac with a single click?

- by Yuval

On a Windows machine, clicking and holding a keyboard key results in the key being types multiple times. For example, if I click and hold 'q' for a few seconds, I end up with the following: qqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqq Similarly, I can click and hold the Backspace key to delete multiple characters. On a Mac, it seems, clicking and holding a key for several seconds results in the key being types only once. To type it repeatedly, it is necessary to psychically click it multiple times. I'm unclear about whether that is a bug or a supposed-feature, but I am interested in replicating this functionality on a Mac. Any ideas? Thanks!

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Replacing latex with unicode symbols

- by Elazar Leibovich

Often, during a conversation or an email, or at a forum, I would like to type some math, but I don't need full equation support. Unicode symbols should suffice. What I need is an easy way to type math related unicode symbols. Since I already know latex, it makes sense to use the latex symbol mnemonics to type the math symbols. What I currently did is to write an AutoHotKey script which automatically replaces \latexSymbol with the corresponding unicode symbol, using the "hotstrings" AutoHotKey feautres. However, the AutoHotKey hotstrings proved unstable for many strings. Having a couple of tens lines would cause AHK to fail recognizing the strings from time to time. Any other solution? (No, Alt+unicode number isn't convenient enough) Attached is my AHK script. The PutUni function is taken from here. ::\infty:: PutUni("e2889e") return ::\sum:: PutUni("e28891") return ::\int:: PutUni("e288ab") return ::\pm:: PutUni("c2b1") return ::\alpha:: PutUni("c991") return ::\beta:: PutUni("c992") return ::\phi:: PutUni("c9b8") return ::\delta:: PutUni("ceb4") return ::\pi:: PutUni("cf80") return ::\omega:: PutUni("cf89") return ::\in:: PutUni("e28888") return ::\notin:: PutUni("e28889") return ::\iff:: PutUni("e28794") return ::\leq:: PutUni("e289a4") return ::\geq:: PutUni("e289a5") return ::\sqrt:: PutUni("e2889a") return ::\neq:: PutUni("e289a0") return ::\subset:: PutUni("e28a82") return ::\nsubset:: PutUni("e28a84") return ::\nsubseteq:: PutUni("e28a88") return ::\subseteq:: PutUni("e28a86") return ::\prod:: PutUni("e2888f") return ::\N:: PutUni("e28495") return

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How do I convert lower case text to uppercase text in Microsoft Word?

- by user23950

I want to convert lower case text to uppercase text in Microsoft Word.

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Which keyboard has better ergomics?

- by Absolute0

When I was a kid I fell hard on my right wrist and since then I always get wrist pains when angling my wrist very high up (ie: when using a very high shaped mouse or doing push ups). So I have narrowed down my choices for a keyboard to the following 2: Microsoft Natural 4000: And the Razer Arctosa: The Razer is a slim type keyboard similar to a laptop feel and the hand-rest would help with keeping my hands straight with respect to my forearms. I am more inclined on getting the razer but am not sure if this will benefit my wrists in the long run. Any thoughts on this would be greatly appreciated. Thanks.

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Can google chrome know how fast I type ?

- by Manu

Google Chrome privacy notice : When you type URLs or queries in the address bar, the letters you type are sent to Google Does this mean that Google could know how fast each Chrome user types ? Could be fun to have those numbers.

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When I type certain characters, they come out as backquotes

- by JXG

Very strange behavior. Some background: I bought a new lenovo G550 laptop, running Windows 7. I live in Israel. When I type certain keys, in any application, they are prefaced with the backquote (`). These characters are: Insert, Delete, Left Ctrl (the right-hand one is fine), - (the regular dash: the one on the keypad is fine), =, 5 (the regular one), 4 (the one on the numeric keypad, whether or not Num Lock is on), and PgDn (the regular one). When I press the Fn key with these I don't get the behavior. Does anyone know why this is happening, or how I can fix it?

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why this condition not work i put the full code link plz help

- by migo

I've noticed that the first condition does not work if (empty($ss)) { echo "please write your search words"; } but the second does else if ($num < 1) { echo "not found any like "; full code <?php require_once "conf.php"; $ss= $_POST["ss"]; $sql2=("SELECT * FROM student WHERE snum = $ss"); $rs2 = mysql_query($sql2) or die(mysql_error()); $num = mysql_num_rows($rs2); if (empty($ss)) { echo "please write your search words"; } else if ($num < 1 ) { echo "not found any like "; }else { $sql=("SELECT * FROM student WHERE snum = $ss "); $rs = mysql_query($sql) or die(mysql_error()); while($data=mysql_fetch_array($rs)) { ?> <div id="name"> <table align="center" border="3" bgcolor="#FF6666"> <tr> <td><? echo $data ["sname"]." "."????? ??????"; ?></td> </tr> </table> </div> <div id="ahmed"> <table width="50%" height="50" align="center" border="2px" bgcolor="#BCD5F8"> <tr> <td width="18%">???????</td> <td width="13%">?????</td> <td width="13%">?????</td> <td width="14%">????</td> <td width="12%">????</td> <td width="30%">??????</td> </tr> <tr> <td>100</td> <td>100</td> <td>100</td> <td>100</td> <td>100</td> <td>?????? ????????</td> </tr> <td><? echo $data['geo']; ?></td> <td><? echo $data['snum']; ?></td> <td><? echo $data['math']; ?></td> <td><? echo $data['arab']; ?></td> <td><? echo $data['history']; ?></td> <td>????? ??????</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="5" align="center" valign="middle"> <? $sum= $data['geo'] + $data['snum'] + $data['math'] + $data['arab'] + $data['history']; echo $sum ; ?> </td> <td>????? ???????</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="5" align="center"> <? $all=500 ; $sum= $data['geo'] + $data['snum'] + $data['math'] + $data['arab'] + $data['history']; $av=$sum/$all*100 ; echo $av."%" ; ?> </td> <td> ?????? ??????? </td> </tr> </table> </tr> </div> <? } }; the full code link is http://www.mediafire.com/?2d4yzdjiym0

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Using Scala structural types with abstract types

- by Joshua Hartman

I'm trying to define a structural type defining anything that has an "add" method (for instance, a java collection or a java map). Using this, I want to define a few higher order functions that operate on a certain collection object GenericTypes { type GenericCollection[T] = { def add(value: T): java.lang.Boolean} } import GenericTypes._ trait HigherOrderFunctions[T, CollectionType[X] <: GenericCollection[X]] { def map[V](fn: (T) => V): CollectionType[V] .... } class RichJList[T](list: List[T]) extends HigherOrderFunctions[T, java.util.List] This does not compile with the following error error: Parameter type in structural refinement may not refer to abstract type defined outside that same refinement I tried removing the parameter on GenericCollection and putting it on the method: object GenericTypes { type GenericCollection = { def add[T](value: T): java.lang.Boolean} } import GenericTypes._ trait HigherOrderFunctions[T, CollectionType[X] <: GenericCollection] class RichJList[T](list: List[T]) extends HigherOrderFunctions[T, java.util.List] but I get another error: error: type arguments [T,java.util.List] do not conform to trait HigherOrderFunctions's type parameter bounds [T,CollectionType[X] <: org.scala_tools.javautils.j2s.GenericTypes.GenericCollection] Can anyone give me some advice on how to use structural typing with abstract typed parameters in Scala? Or how to achieve what I'm looking to accomplish? Thanks so much!

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Stop event bubbling in Javascript

- by Kartik Rao

I have a html structure like : <div onmouseover="enable_dropdown(1);" onmouseout="disable_dropdown(1);"> My Groups <a href="#">(view all)</a> <ul> <li>Group Name 1</li> <li>Longer Group Name 2</li> <li>Longer Group Name 3</li> </ul> <hr /> Featured Groups <a href="#">(view all)</a> <ul> <li>Group Name 1</li> <li>Longer Group Name 2</li> <li>Longer Group Name 3</li> </ul> </div> I want the onmouseout event to be triggered only from the main div, not the 'a' or 'ul' or 'li' tags within the div! My onmouseout function is as follows : function disable_dropdown(d) { document.getElementById(d).style.visibility = "hidden"; } Can someone please tell me how I can stop the event from bubbling up? I tried the solutions (stopPropogation etc) provided on other sites, but I'm not sure how to implement them in this context. Any help will be appreciated. Thanks a lot!

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