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• Apache Rewrites not working due to Akamai

  - by nuttyket

  I have a website which is setup with akamai. My domain and subdomains are mapped onto an Akamai IP. I have written an Apache rewrite which does an internal URL X to another internal URL Y. This rewrite works fine as long as I am testing in my local setup or for those subdomains which are not mapped onto Akamai but directly onto my Public IP. My suspicion is that while rewriting the request apache is not able to resolve the IP of the app server correctly. When I add entries to my /etc/hosts file pointing the domain/subdomain to my internal IP the rewrites work. Now, I have a huge list of subdomains and it can grow as well. Is there another way to fix this problem without having to make entries in the /etc/hosts file ? I would much appreciate your thoughts.

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• How to force user to use subdomain?

  - by David Stockinger

  I am hosting a webshop with OpenCart and its current URL is e.g. http://mydomain.com/shop/ I have created two subdomains ( http://pg.mydomain.com/ and http://shop.mydomain.com/ ) and both subdomains are already working as they should. However, can I restrict direct access to mydomain.com/shop/ while leaving all the files (index.php, etc.) there? Since both subdomains are pointing to http://mydomain.com/shop/, I thought this would restrict all access. So in the end, I would like my two shops to be accessable through http://pg.mydomain.com/ and http://shop.mydomain.com/, but not http://mydomain.com/shop/ while leaving all the files in http://mydomain.com/shop/.

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• Wordpress Multisite Network installation and dev questions

  - by Daitya

  Please go easy on me. I'm a clutzy dinosaur. I currently have a large, unwieldy website hand-coded in html/css with php includes. It currently has a single WP installation in a subdirectory. The plan is to reorganize, and I want to use WP as the CMS and incorporate 3 WP blogs for 3 subdomains. Ideally, would like to create a WP multisite network to allow for further expansion and to save admin trouble. I just want to confirm that if I install WP in the root directory and create 3 blogs (in subdomains), does this mean my website's home page is the mother blog's index.php? Essentially, I will have created 4 blogs - mother at root and 3 children in subdomains? How to set this up on my Mac (OSX 10.5.8) running MAMP for development? And then how to migrate to server without breaking?

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• RewriteRule - Doesn't work on live site - subfolder to new domain

  - by eb_Dev

  I have the following rule on my local dev site and it works fine: RewriteCond %{HTTP_HOST} ^localhost$ RewriteRule ^subdomains/example.com(.*) http://www.example.com$1 [R=301,L] However when I change it to: RewriteCond %{HTTP_HOST} ^www.domain.com$ RewriteRule ^subdomains/example.com(.*) http://www.example.com$1 [R=301,L] and upload it to my live site it doesn't work, if i change the rule to: RewriteCond %{HTTP_HOST} ^www.domain.com$ RewriteRule ^subdomains/(.*) http://www.example.com$1 [R=301,L] the rule functions as expected and directs an url beginning with www.domain.com/subdomains/ to www.example.com/. Does anyone know what is going on here? Thanks for you help.

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• Is it "acceptable" for a sub domain to be hyphenated?

  - by Homunculus Reticulli

  I am putting together a site for a portal. Some of the subdomains have rather long names and I am thinking that maybe I should use hyphens to make the subdomain names more readable. For instance: alternative-medicine.mysite.com instead of alternativemedice.mysite.com However, I can't recall ever seing a hyphenated subdomain - is this because it is generally frowned upon - or are there technical (SEO) reasons why this appears to be the case? In short, will hyphenating my subdomains have a negative impart on SEO?

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• How Could My Website Be Hacked

  - by Kiewic

  Hi! I wonder how this could happen. Someone delete my index.php files from all my domains and puts his own index.php files with the next message: Hacked by Z4i0n - Fatal Error - 2009 [Fatal Error Group Br] Site desfigurado por Z4i0n Somos: Elemento_pcx - s4r4d0 - Z4i0n - Belive Gr33tz: W4n73d - M4v3rick - Observing - MLK - l3nd4 - Soul_Fly 2009 My domain has many subdomains, but only the subdomains that can be accessed with an specific user were hacked, the rest weren't affected. I assumed that someone entered through SSH, because some of these subdomains are empty and Google doesn't know about them. But I checked the access log using the last command, but this didn't show any activity through SSH or FTP the day of the attack neither seven days before. Does anybody has an idea? I already changed my passwords. What do you recommend me to do? UPDATE My website is hosted at Dreamhost. I suppose they have the latest patches installed. But, while I was looking how they entered to my server, I found weird things. In one of my subdomains, there were many scripts for execute commands on the server, upload files, send mass emails and display compromising information. These files had been created since last December!! I have deleted those files and I'm looking for more malicious files. Maybe the security hold is an old and forgotten PHP application. This application has a file upload form protected by a password system based on sessions. One of the malicious scripts was in the uploads directory. This doesn't seem like an SQL Injection attack. Thanks for your help.

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• Single sign-on for intranet?

  - by Jason Swett

  I'm trying to set up a single sign-on for my intranet. I've found a couple solutions online but I'm not sure if they apply to my particular situation. I have several subdomains on the same server. One level of user should be able to access all subdomains and another level of user should only be able to access some subdomains. Signing into one subdomain should make it so you don't have to log into any others. Can anyone point me in the right direction? I'm on Ubuntu using Apache.

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• Robots.txt practices with .htaccess redirections (inherits)

  - by Jayhal

  I have a question regarding how to write robots.txt files for many domains and subdomains with redirects in place. We have a hosting account that enacts primary and add-on domains. All of our domains and subdomains, including the primary domain, is redirected via htaccess 301s to their own subdirectories in the primary domain's root directory. I'm confused about how I would write the robots.txt for certain directories. First, I wanted to confirm I am right in understanding that for domains and subdomains, crawlers will look to the directory that acts as that urls root directory for the crawling rules(robots.txt). Also, that a directory will not be affected by a robots.txt present in their parent directory if the directory has its own domain/subdomain, and that url is the one being accessed by crawlers. (Am pretty sure, but I wanted to confirm I didnt have a fundamentally flawed understanding of robots.txt) In the original root directory on the account(where the primary domain was directed before htaccess was put in place) what should the robots.txt contain? When crawlers look to crawl our primary domain, will they look to the original root directory for the robots.txt or will they reference the file contained in the new subdirectory where all the primary domain's site files are located? If so, what should the root's robot.txt include if anything at all. Would I be right to include a simple 'disallow: /' for all agents, and then include more specific robots.txt files in each subdirectory with more specific instructions. Would that affect the crawling of the directory where the primary domain is now redirected? Any help is greatly appreciated, Thanks!

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• Cron Permission Denied

  - by worldthreat

  good day, I have a bash script in my home directory that works properly from the command line (file structure is default media temple DV. < noted for certain permission issues) but receive this error from cron: "/home/myFile.sh: line 2: /var/www/vhosts/domain.com/subdomains/techspatch/installation.sql: Permission denied" NOTICE: it's just line 2... it writes to the local server just fine. Below is the Bash File: #!/bin/bash mysqldump -uUSER -pPASSWORD -hHOST dbName> /var/www/vhosts/domain.com/subdomains/techspatch/installation.sql mysql -uadmin -pPASSWORD -hlocalhost dbName< /var/www/vhosts/domain.com/subdomains/techspatch/installation.sql can't chmod from bash (lol, yeah i tried). writing the file there and setting the permissions before the transfer is useless... i have googled the heck out of this situation and this one still seems unique.... any insight is appreciated

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• DKIM on postfix relay server

  - by Danijel Krmar

  I have a postfix/amavis relay server, with the domain name mail.example.com. It will be a relay for dozens of VPSs, which will have domains like hostname.example.net. So i have actually two questions. Is it possible to dkim sing the mails originating from the VPSs over the postfix relay on the relay server? Or have the mails to be signed on the VPSs where they are actually from? Would a amavis configuration like this be ok? # DKIM key dkim_key('example.com', 'dkim', '/var/dkim/DKIMkey.pem'); # Cover subdomains in @dkim_signature_options_bysender_maps= (): @dkim_signature_options_bysender_maps = ( { # Cover subdomains example.net. '.example.net' => { d => 'example.com' }, }); Or have I misunderstood the whole concept. Do I even need to sign subdomains if they are going over an relay server, or is it enough to just sign the relay server domain?

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• Where would a wildcard DNS record be prioritized?

  - by Kyle

  I have a DNS setup going on where I have several subdomains that cname out to google apps, but I was wondering if I could wildcard the rest of my subdomains, and have my google apps cname correctly. In other words, would the records that aren't a wildcards be parsed before the wildcard record?

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• How to share cookies across multiple Apache Virtual Hosts

  - by puk

  This question is generally phrased as "How to share cookies across multiple subdomains" and the answer is generally to use the leading dot like so setcookie( 'id', 0, time()+30*3600, '/', '.example.com' ); which means that the cookie is available to all subdomains of example.com. However, the / path I suspect adds the constraint that all subdomains must be physically under the same tree. The PHP documentation states path The path on the server in which the cookie will be available on. If set to '/', the cookie will be available within the entire domain. If set to '/foo/', the cookie will only be available within the /foo/ directory and all sub-directories such as /foo/bar/ of domain. The default value is the current directory that the cookie is being set in. Is it possible to share cookies if one has two (Apache) Virtual Hosts set up with document roots at, for example www.one.example.com ? /var/www/example1 www.two.example.com ? /var/www/example2

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• SEO for images: can I use a different (cookieless) domain?

  - by Oliver

  Hello, We want to increase the value of some of our important images by means of SEO, and we want to start serving them from a different, i.e. cookieless, domain. We want to go from http://www.example.com/images/1234.jpg to http://www.example.com/germany/bavaria/landscape.jpg which can easily be done via URL rewriting. Then on the other hand, we would like to serve the image from a completely different domain, let's say http://www.examplestatic.com/germany/bavaria/landscape.jpg, to save the overhead of sending the cookie from www.example.com. Somehow I feel that this is not a good idea because I move the image away from the content by putting it on a different domain. Can anyone shed some light on this problem? Naturally, I would just use a different subdomain, e.g. img.example.com, but we already use subdomains for languages and our cookies are valid for all subdomains of example.com, so this won't help. I'd really appreciate any hints. Cheers,

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• Are there advantages of using hard coded URLs for localization?

  - by nbolton

  On the Synergy website, localization is detected (and can be overridden) but uses the same URL for all languages. Some websites however, like Wikipedia have language specific subdomains. What are the advantages of having either subdomains or subdirectories (i.e. a specific URL) for each language localization? Also, should it automatically redirect the user to the specific subdomain/subdir based on the language that the browser requests? I suspect that there are advantages, which I'm guessing are: When the website appears in search results for non-English languages, the translated page description will be shown (assuming there is a translation provided by the website). When a user shares a page (e.g. through twitter), it will show in a specific language. Perhaps this is a disadvantage though? Am I correct, if so, are there more advantages?

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• Dynamic virtual host configuration in Apache

  - by Kostas Andrianopoulos

  I want to make a virtual host in Apache with dynamic configuration for my websites. For example something like this would be perfect. <VirtualHost *:80> AssignUserId $domain webspaces ServerName $subdomain.$domain.$tld ServerAdmin admin@$domain.$tld DocumentRoot "/home/webspaces/$domain.$tld/subdomains/$subdomain" <Directory "/home/webspaces/$domain.$tld/subdomains/$subdomain"> .... </Directory> php_admin_value open_basedir "/tmp/:/usr/share/pear/:/home/webspaces/$domain.$tld/subdomains/$subdomain" </VirtualHost> $subdomain, $domain, $tld would be extracted from the HTTP_HOST variable using regex at request time. No more loads of configuration, no more apache reloading every x minutes, no more stupid logic. Notice that I use mpm-itk (AssignUserId directive) so each virtual host runs as a different user. I do not intend to change this part. Since now I have tried: - mod_vhost_alias but this allows dynamic configuration of only the document root. - mod_macro but this still requires the arguments of the vhost to be declared explicitly for each vhost. - I have read about mod_vhs and other modules which store configuration in a SQL or LDAP server which is not acceptable as there is no need for configuration! Those 3 necessary arguments can be generated at runtime. - I have seen some Perl suggestions like this, but as the author states $s->add_config would add a directive after every request, thus leading to a memory leak, and $r->add_config seems not to be a feasible solution.

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• How is a subdomain passed to the webserver?

  - by Joshua Frank

  I know that dns resolves an address like example.com to an IP address like 11.22.33.44, but I'm a little confused about how subdomains are resolved, so that when you type http://subdomain.example.com, what actually gets passed to the server at 11.22.33.44? In other words, example.com = 11.22.33.44, but subdomain.example.com/path = ??? Are "subdomain" and "path" passed as http headers, or mapped in the url in some way, or what? Thanks in advance. Edit: If I'm understanding correctly, BloodPhilia says that subdomain.example.com actually is a different domain that in principle could resolve to a totally different IP. But if that's so, then what about hosts that have huge numbers of (what look like) subdomains, but which actually map to some path on the site. For instance, blogspot hosts millions of blogs, and they all look like this: aaa.blogspot.com bbb.blogspot.com ...millions more... yyy.blogspot.com zzz.blogspot.com Those are clearly not subdomains with their own IP's, but rather some mapping like aaa.blogspot.com -- www.blogspot.com/aaa, but how is this accomplished? What actually gets passed to the web server at blogspot.com?

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• Exclude certain subfolders and domains in redirects

  - by Alexsander Akers

  This is a continuation from http://stackoverflow.com/questions/1704845/redirect-only-html-files How can I change my .htaccess to make it exclude certain subfolders or subdomains from the HTML-only redirect? I tried doing using this code to exclude the 'downloads' subfolder and the 'dev' and 'support' subdomains, but it didn't work: RewriteCond %{HTTP_HOST} ^pandamonia.us$ [OR] RewriteCond %{HTTP_HOST} ^www.pandamonia.us$ [OR] RewriteCond %{HTTP_HOST} !download [OR] RewriteCond %{HTTP_HOST} !faq RewriteCond %{HTTP_HOST} !support [OR] RewriteRule /.+\.html$ "http\:\/\/pandamonia\.us\/" [L]

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• A versioning workflow for multiple similar (but not identical) deployments

  - by rs77

  I'm currently employed at a small non-tech organisation and have been given the role of coding the organisations' website. While I have enjoyed the task and have learnt much with web dev I've encountered a few issues that I'm hoping someone will be able to help with me or at least point me in the right direction on. A little background: The site I work on has subdomains that each have their own separate WordPress installation on - as this has been the easiest "backend" admin panel for the type of user who will be responsible for updating content (etc). Within the organisation I work under the Marketing Manager (MM) and I code according to his style guide and wire frames. While we have been working with only one subdomain since the beginning of the year the project has been relatively simple and straightforward. However, lately the workflow is becoming a little more complicated as our original subdomain has been copied over to the other subdomains. Each of the new subdomains receives minor edits to their stylesheets (eg. different pictures for background, slightly different colours here and there, etc). The issue: At the moment managing all the different subdomains has been "bearable", but the straw that's braking the camel's back at the moment has been the slight reversions the MM has required now that the CEO has seen the final product. The problem I'm having with reversions in stylesheets is that the CEO will one week state that he likes change "X" and then as the MM and I continue to modify the site (to now "Z"), will another week state that he wants us to change "X" to "W" but keeping most of the changes made in "Y". What I'm looking for is something that allows for: tracking file changes reverting changes made (or reverting back to 'a' from 'e' but including changes 'b' & 'c') easily upload necessary files to their respective WP-theme installation Does anything out there come close to addressing these issues? If so, what? Thanks for any help! PS - I'm learning Git at the moment and it seems to do the "tracking file changes" quite nicely. Haven't learnt about the reverting changes bit yet, though. Maybe for my final point I'm thinking of creating a shell script to automatically upload the files to their folders. Does Git do this too though? Addendum (alexbbrown) I had a similar problem: I ran a custom version of mediawiki where I installed various extensions in the versioned core (with svn). Each of the extensions required an section in the confit file, but the confit file also needed local configuration for each of several deployments. I could have implemented it using includes, but they would not be versioned; and rebasing branches each time is a chore. +50 experience points for a good answer in git.

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• Building a CMS in PHP: Development tools

  - by TRiG

  I'm planning to build a CMS in PHP and MySQL, mainly for my own amusement and education. (Though who knows, I may come up with something useful and cool. Anything's possible.) I'll be asking questions about code architecture etc. later. For now, I'm more interested in development tools. So far, all my playing with code has been done on a web server, and I've edited over FTP. I was thinking it might be quicker to use a localhost. Also, that way, I could use version control (which I've never done before). So, A. How do I set up a localhost server with many subdomains on an Ubuntu 9.10 computer. Is XAMPP for Linux the way to go, or should I use a standard Apache distro? (Or another webserver altogether?) For that matter, is it possible to set up more than one webserver on the same computer, and to use them for different localhost subdomains? B. How do I set up a version control thingy covering all the code (which will be on several subdomains of localhost, and in a few shared folders)? I've read Joel Spolsky's HgInt tutorial, and it makes Mercurial look good. And simple, especially if you're working on your own. C. Should I continue to use gEdit to write HTML/CSS/JS/PHP, or is there a better free editor out there for these languages?

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• Access virtualhosts over LAN (Also in xpmode (Virtual PC))

  - by Pheter

  Hi, I am running Wamp on my computer (the host). I have set up several virtualhosts in apache and they are working fine when I access them from the same computer (host). I have installed Windows XPMode on my computer (which is running windows 7). XPMode (which uses Virtual PC) is set up to use a NAT network. The network in XPMode is working fine, and I can access the host PC via the IP address 192.168.1.5, just as I would if I was using any physical computer on the same network. I can view all the web pages at 192.168.1.5 and it's subdirectories. However, I cannot access any of the subdomains that are configured in the virtualhosts of the host computer. How can I access the subdomains? I don't think that the fact that I am using XPMode and am using a virtualized OS has anything to do with it, but I thought that it was worth mentioning.

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• Wildcard SSL certificates, EV

  - by nachito

  I run a Magento e-commerce store with multiple subdomains for an affiliate program, plus a main store. Example, foo.example.com and bar.example.com are affiliates, www.example.com is my main store. They all share the same code and database and the same virtual host. Currently I have a wildcard certificate which works fine for everything. However, I was looking at EV certificates to increase customer confidence (which is not possible with wildcard certificates -- or so I'm told). What would be the simplest setup to have both an EV SSL Cert for the main store and a wildcard for the affiliate subdomains? Two virtual hosts? By the way, I'm running Litespeed as a webserver.

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• Resolve a many-SSL-to-one IP for clients browsers that doesn't support SNI

  - by Emile

  Whoa, acronyms :) So according to this question you can have multiple SSL subdomains on one IP address as long as your server supports TLS (which Apache 2.2x does). Another answer to that question points out that the client browser must have SNI support to work, which IE doesn't have on Windows XP. So, what happens to people with that browser is a warning message saying that the SSL cert doesn't match the domain. Can one resolve this issue for those client browsers without SNI support? Does a wildcard (for subdomains) do the trick? Are there other (cheaper) options?

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• Rewriting URLs from subdomain to domain in Apache

  - by Nazgulled

  Hi, My webserver is running Plesk and part of my site structure goes like this: / /httpdocs (domain root folder, URL: http://www.domain.com) /subdomains /subdomains/blog/httpdocs (blog root folder, URL: http://blog.domain.com) I have a WordPress installation in the domain root folder and WP is configured to display a static page when accessing www.domain.com and to display the blog when accessing www.domain.com/blog. However, I want to redirect (using mod_rewrite) all requests from http://blog.domain.com/ to http://www.domain.com/blog/. A few examples: Accessing http://blog.domain.com/archives should access http://www.domain.com/blog/archives/ Accessing http://blog.domain.com/tag/abc should access http://www.domain.com/blog/tag/abc/ Accessing http://blog.domain.com/some-post-title should access http://www.domain.com/blog/some-post-title All this should be transparent to the user, the address shouldn't be changed on the browser's address bar. In better words, I want a URL rewrite and not a URL redirect. Is this achievable with mod_rewrite? Can anyone help me with the .htaccess? All my attempts on doing so have failed...

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• Handling range in CNAME

  - by Imran

  We have different set of CNAMEs pointing to different subdomains. These subdomains (a.domain.com, b.domain.com) are pointing to different IPs on different machines. # Server A a1.domain.com pointing to a.domain.com a2.domain.com pointing to a.domain.com .. aN.domain.com pointing to a.domain.com # Server B b1.domain.com pointing to b.domain.com b2.domain.com pointing to b.domain.com .. bN.domain.com pointing to b.domain.com Currently, we have to add individual CNAME entries (eg. a1... aN) against a single subdomain (a.dominan.com). We repeat the above process for every new server which is actually another subdomain (e.g. c.domain.com). Is there a way we can specify a range of CNAMEs (e.g. [a1..a25].domain.com point to a.domain.com) instead of adding separate CNAME etnries? Is there any possibility to handle this at DNS or webserver (apache or Nginx) level?

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• case-specific mod rewrite on Wordpress subdomain multisite

  - by Steve

  I have split a Wordpress blog into multiple category-specific blogs using subdomains, as the topics in the original blog were too broad to be lumped together effectively. Posts were exported from the parent www blog and imported into the subject-specific subdomain blogs. I believe .htaccess provides mod rewrite for all subdomains (including the original www) in a single .htaccess file. I use .htaccess to perform 301 redirect on post categories to the relevant post on the subdomain's blog. eg: RedirectMatch 301 ^/auto/(.*)$ http://auto.example.com/$1 The problem I have is that the category has been retained in the permalink structure in the subdomain blog, so that www.example.com/auto/mercedes is now auto.example.com/auto/mercedes. The 1st URL is redirect to the 2nd, but unfortunately, the 2nd URL is redirected to auto.example.com/mercedes using the same rewrite rule, which is not found, as the permalink on the subdomain's blog retains the parent category of auto. The solution would be to adjust the permalink structure in the subdomain's WP settings, so that the top level category does not duplicate the subdomain. My question would be: how do I then strip a section of the original (www) blog's post URL from the subdomain's URL when redirecting? eg: How do I redirect www.example.com/auto/mercedes to auto.example.com/mercedes? I'm assuming this would be a regular expression trick, which I am not great at. Update: I might have to use: RewriteCond %{HTTP_HOST} !auto.example.com$ in the default Wordpress if loop in .htaccess, and seperate my custom subdomain redirections into a second if loop section.

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