tcpdump - Page 10 - Developer IT

Monitoring instantaneous network throughput at one second intervals?

- by Shaddi

For a testing setup I have, I need to monitor the throughput through a "router"* at regular intervals of around 5 seconds or less (sub-second intervals would be very nice, but not required). Ideally, I would be able to generate a file which contained both the number of bytes and packets seen during each interval. I will eventually be generating a time-series of throughput from this data. On a previous setup using an older version of FreeBSD, there was a tool called "bpfmon" which gave me this information. However, I need to do this under a modern version of Linux (namely, Ubuntu 11.04). I have looked at both iptraf and iftop, but these do not appear to provide the resolution I need, nor do they seem to easily allow scraping the data I need. I understand iptables statistics may be able to give me what I'm after, but the examples I've seen of this seem to rely on repeatedly reading and resetting traffic counters, which seems like it could give inaccurate as read/reset is not an atomic operation. I already capture a tcpdump trace of the traffic I'm interested in on the link I want to monitor, so I am open to approaches which simply parse that. I feel like this must be a common problem though, so I am hoping there will be a standard "best practice" tool for accomplishing this. *I say "router" in quotes because I am really talking about a machine with two bridged NICs through which all the traffic I'm interested in passes.

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pfSense routing between two routers with shared network

- by JohnCC

I have a network set-up using two pfSense routers arranged like this:- DMZ1 WAN1 WAN2 DMZ2 | | | | | | | | \___ PF1 PF2___/ | | | | \___TRUSTED___/ Each pfSense router has its own separate WAN connection, and a separate DMZ network attached to it. They share a common TRUSTED LAN between them. The machines on the trusted network have PF1 as their default gateway. PF1 has a static route defined to DMZ2 via PF2, and PF2 has a static route to DMZ1 via PF1. There is NAT to the WAN but internal networks (DMZ1/2 and TRUSTED) use different RFC1918 subnets. I inherited this arrangement, and all used to work fine. I made a config change to PF1 (relating to multicast), and machines on DMZ2 suddenly could not talk to TRUSTED. I rolled the change back, but the problem persisted. What I guess you'd hope would happen is that TCP packets would go DMZ2 - PF2 - TRUSTED and on return TRUSTED - PF1 - PF2 - DMZ2. That's the only way I can see it would have worked. However, PF1 drops the returning packets. I've verified this using tcpdump. I've worked around this by adding static routes to DMZ2 via PF2 to the servers on TRUSTED, but some devices on there do not support static routes so this is not ideal. Is there way to make this arrangement work decently, or is the design inherently flawed? Thanks!

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Network bandwidth usage dashboard?

- by SkippyFlipjack

I have a couple of wifi access points hooked up to my home network, one of which I keep unsecured for some development I do; there are only a couple other homes within range and they've got their own wifi so it's not a big concern. I also have a Sonos system, Tivo, Roku, a couple laptops, a couple phones, an iPad and a desktop machine, all of which are internet-smart. So when my internet bandwidth tanks and it takes five minutes to load a YouTube video, I want to know what's going on, and there are many potential culprits. I'd like to be able to plug my MacBook into the primary router and see a nice little dashboard of the units on the network and what kind of bandwidth each is using at that moment. I could figure this out from WireShark or tcpdump but figure there has to be an easier way. I've tried a few different commercial products but none really presented the right info. Suggestions? (This may be a question for superuser since my Apple Time Capsule's SNMP capabilities are limited, but I figure admins of small business networks would have dealt w/ the same issue..)

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Diving into OpenStack Network Architecture - Part 2 - Basic Use Cases

- by Ronen Kofman

rkofman Normal rkofman 4 138 2014-06-05T03:38:00Z 2014-06-05T05:04:00Z 3 2735 15596 Oracle Corporation 129 36 18295 12.00 Clean Clean false false false false EN-US X-NONE HE /* Style Definitions */ table.MsoNormalTable {mso-style-name:"Table Normal"; mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; mso-style-noshow:yes; mso-style-priority:99; mso-style-qformat:yes; mso-style-parent:""; mso-padding-alt:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; mso-para-margin-top:0in; mso-para-margin-right:0in; mso-para-margin-bottom:10.0pt; mso-para-margin-left:0in; line-height:115%; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:11.0pt; font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family:Arial; mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi; mso-bidi-language:AR-SA;} In the previous post we reviewed several network components including Open vSwitch, Network Namespaces, Linux Bridges and veth pairs. In this post we will take three simple use cases and see how those basic components come together to create a complete SDN solution in OpenStack. With those three use cases we will review almost the entire network setup and see how all the pieces work together. The use cases we will use are: 1. Create network – what happens when we create network and how can we create multiple isolated networks 2. Launch a VM – once we have networks we can launch VMs and connect them to networks. 3. DHCP request from a VM – OpenStack can automatically assign IP addresses to VMs. This is done through local DHCP service controlled by OpenStack Neutron. We will see how this service runs and how does a DHCP request and response look like. In this post we will show connectivity, we will see how packets get from point A to point B. We first focus on how a configured deployment looks like and only later we will discuss how and when the configuration is created. Personally I found it very valuable to see the actual interfaces and how they connect to each other through examples and hands on experiments. After the end game is clear and we know how the connectivity works, in a later post, we will take a step back and explain how Neutron configures the components to be able to provide such connectivity. We are going to get pretty technical shortly and I recommend trying these examples on your own deployment or using the Oracle OpenStack Tech Preview. Understanding these three use cases thoroughly and how to look at them will be very helpful when trying to debug a deployment in case something does not work. Use case #1: Create Network Create network is a simple operation it can be performed from the GUI or command line. When we create a network in OpenStack the network is only available to the tenant who created it or it could be defined as “shared” and then it can be used by all tenants. A network can have multiple subnets but for this demonstration purpose and for simplicity we will assume that each network has exactly one subnet. Creating a network from the command line will look like this: # neutron net-create net1 Created a new network: +---------------------------+--------------------------------------+ | Field | Value | +---------------------------+--------------------------------------+ | admin_state_up | True | | id | 5f833617-6179-4797-b7c0-7d420d84040c | | name | net1 | | provider:network_type | vlan | | provider:physical_network | default | | provider:segmentation_id | 1000 | | shared | False | | status | ACTIVE | | subnets | | | tenant_id | 9796e5145ee546508939cd49ad59d51f | +---------------------------+--------------------------------------+ Creating a subnet for this network will look like this: # neutron subnet-create net1 10.10.10.0/24 Created a new subnet: +------------------+------------------------------------------------+ | Field | Value | +------------------+------------------------------------------------+ | allocation_pools | {"start": "10.10.10.2", "end": "10.10.10.254"} | | cidr | 10.10.10.0/24 | | dns_nameservers | | | enable_dhcp | True | | gateway_ip | 10.10.10.1 | | host_routes | | | id | 2d7a0a58-0674-439a-ad23-d6471aaae9bc | | ip_version | 4 | | name | | | network_id | 5f833617-6179-4797-b7c0-7d420d84040c | | tenant_id | 9796e5145ee546508939cd49ad59d51f | +------------------+------------------------------------------------+ We now have a network and a subnet, on the network topology view this looks like this: Now let’s dive in and see what happened under the hood. Looking at the control node we will discover that a new namespace was created: # ip netns list qdhcp-5f833617-6179-4797-b7c0-7d420d84040c The name of the namespace is qdhcp-<network id> (see above), let’s look into the namespace and see what’s in it: # ip netns exec qdhcp-5f833617-6179-4797-b7c0-7d420d84040c ip addr 1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00 inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo inet6 ::1/128 scope host valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever 12: tap26c9b807-7c: <BROADCAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN link/ether fa:16:3e:1d:5c:81 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff inet 10.10.10.3/24 brd 10.10.10.255 scope global tap26c9b807-7c inet6 fe80::f816:3eff:fe1d:5c81/64 scope link valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever We see two interfaces in the namespace, one is the loopback and the other one is an interface called “tap26c9b807-7c”. This interface has the IP address of 10.10.10.3 and it will also serve dhcp requests in a way we will see later. Let’s trace the connectivity of the “tap26c9b807-7c” interface from the namespace. First stop is OVS, we see that the interface connects to bridge “br-int” on OVS: # ovs-vsctl show 8a069c7c-ea05-4375-93e2-b9fc9e4b3ca1 Bridge "br-eth2" Port "br-eth2" Interface "br-eth2" type: internal Port "eth2" Interface "eth2" Port "phy-br-eth2" Interface "phy-br-eth2" Bridge br-ex Port br-ex Interface br-ex type: internal Bridge br-int Port "int-br-eth2" Interface "int-br-eth2" Port "tap26c9b807-7c" tag: 1 Interface "tap26c9b807-7c" type: internal Port br-int Interface br-int type: internal ovs_version: "1.11.0" In the picture above we have a veth pair which has two ends called “int-br-eth2” and "phy-br-eth2", this veth pair is used to connect two bridge in OVS "br-eth2" and "br-int". In the previous post we explained how to check the veth connectivity using the ethtool command. It shows that the two are indeed a pair: # ethtool -S int-br-eth2 NIC statistics: peer_ifindex: 10 . . #ip link . . 10: phy-br-eth2: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP qlen 1000 . . Note that “phy-br-eth2” is connected to a bridge called "br-eth2" and one of this bridge's interfaces is the physical link eth2. This means that the network which we have just created has created a namespace which is connected to the physical interface eth2. eth2 is the “VM network” the physical interface where all the virtual machines connect to where all the VMs are connected. About network isolation: OpenStack supports creation of multiple isolated networks and can use several mechanisms to isolate the networks from one another. The isolation mechanism can be VLANs, VxLANs or GRE tunnels, this is configured as part of the initial setup in our deployment we use VLANs. When using VLAN tagging as an isolation mechanism a VLAN tag is allocated by Neutron from a pre-defined VLAN tags pool and assigned to the newly created network. By provisioning VLAN tags to the networks Neutron allows creation of multiple isolated networks on the same physical link. The big difference between this and other platforms is that the user does not have to deal with allocating and managing VLANs to networks. The VLAN allocation and provisioning is handled by Neutron which keeps track of the VLAN tags, and responsible for allocating and reclaiming VLAN tags. In the example above net1 has the VLAN tag 1000, this means that whenever a VM is created and connected to this network the packets from that VM will have to be tagged with VLAN tag 1000 to go on this particular network. This is true for namespace as well, if we would like to connect a namespace to a particular network we have to make sure that the packets to and from the namespace are correctly tagged when they reach the VM network. In the example above we see that the namespace interface “tap26c9b807-7c” has vlan tag 1 assigned to it, if we examine OVS we see that it has flows which modify VLAN tag 1 to VLAN tag 1000 when a packet goes to the VM network on eth2 and vice versa. We can see this using the dump-flows command on OVS for packets going to the VM network we see the modification done on br-eth2: # ovs-ofctl dump-flows br-eth2 NXST_FLOW reply (xid=0x4): cookie=0x0, duration=18669.401s, table=0, n_packets=857, n_bytes=163350, idle_age=25, priority=4,in_port=2,dl_vlan=1 actions=mod_vlan_vid:1000,NORMAL cookie=0x0, duration=165108.226s, table=0, n_packets=14, n_bytes=1000, idle_age=5343, hard_age=65534, priority=2,in_port=2 actions=drop cookie=0x0, duration=165109.813s, table=0, n_packets=1671, n_bytes=213304, idle_age=25, hard_age=65534, priority=1 actions=NORMAL For packets coming from the interface to the namespace we see the following modification: # ovs-ofctl dump-flows br-int NXST_FLOW reply (xid=0x4): cookie=0x0, duration=18690.876s, table=0, n_packets=1610, n_bytes=210752, idle_age=1, priority=3,in_port=1,dl_vlan=1000 actions=mod_vlan_vid:1,NORMAL cookie=0x0, duration=165130.01s, table=0, n_packets=75, n_bytes=3686, idle_age=4212, hard_age=65534, priority=2,in_port=1 actions=drop cookie=0x0, duration=165131.96s, table=0, n_packets=863, n_bytes=160727, idle_age=1, hard_age=65534, priority=1 actions=NORMAL To summarize we can see that when a user creates a network Neutron creates a namespace and this namespace is connected through OVS to the “VM network”. OVS also takes care of tagging the packets from the namespace to the VM network with the correct VLAN tag and knows to modify the VLAN for packets coming from VM network to the namespace. Now let’s see what happens when a VM is launched and how it is connected to the “VM network”. Use case #2: Launch a VM Launching a VM can be done from Horizon or from the command line this is how we do it from Horizon: Attach the network: And Launch Once the virtual machine is up and running we can see the associated IP using the nova list command : # nova list +--------------------------------------+--------------+--------+------------+-------------+-----------------+ | ID | Name | Status | Task State | Power State | Networks | +--------------------------------------+--------------+--------+------------+-------------+-----------------+ | 3707ac87-4f5d-4349-b7ed-3a673f55e5e1 | Oracle Linux | ACTIVE | None | Running | net1=10.10.10.2 | +--------------------------------------+--------------+--------+------------+-------------+-----------------+ The nova list command shows us that the VM is running and that the IP 10.10.10.2 is assigned to this VM. Let’s trace the connectivity from the VM to VM network on eth2 starting with the VM definition file. The configuration files of the VM including the virtual disk(s), in case of ephemeral storage, are stored on the compute node at/var/lib/nova/instances/<instance-id>/. Looking into the VM definition file ,libvirt.xml, we see that the VM is connected to an interface called “tap53903a95-82” which is connected to a Linux bridge called “qbr53903a95-82”: <interface type="bridge"> <mac address="fa:16:3e:fe:c7:87"/> <source bridge="qbr53903a95-82"/> <target dev="tap53903a95-82"/> </interface> Looking at the bridge using the brctl show command we see this: # brctl show bridge name bridge id STP enabled interfaces qbr53903a95-82 8000.7e7f3282b836 no qvb53903a95-82 tap53903a95-82 The bridge has two interfaces, one connected to the VM (“tap53903a95-82 “) and another one ( “qvb53903a95-82”) connected to “br-int” bridge on OVS: # ovs-vsctl show 83c42f80-77e9-46c8-8560-7697d76de51c Bridge "br-eth2" Port "br-eth2" Interface "br-eth2" type: internal Port "eth2" Interface "eth2" Port "phy-br-eth2" Interface "phy-br-eth2" Bridge br-int Port br-int Interface br-int type: internal Port "int-br-eth2" Interface "int-br-eth2" Port "qvo53903a95-82" tag: 3 Interface "qvo53903a95-82" ovs_version: "1.11.0" As we showed earlier “br-int” is connected to “br-eth2” on OVS using the veth pair int-br-eth2,phy-br-eth2 and br-eth2 is connected to the physical interface eth2. The whole flow end to end looks like this: VM è tap53903a95-82 (virtual interface)è qbr53903a95-82 (Linux bridge) è qvb53903a95-82 (interface connected from Linux bridge to OVS bridge br-int) è int-br-eth2 (veth one end) è phy-br-eth2 (veth the other end) è eth2 physical interface. The purpose of the Linux Bridge connecting to the VM is to allow security group enforcement with iptables. Security groups are enforced at the edge point which are the interface of the VM, since iptables nnot be applied to OVS bridges we use Linux bridge to apply them. In the future we hope to see this Linux Bridge going away rules. VLAN tags: As we discussed in the first use case net1 is using VLAN tag 1000, looking at OVS above we see that qvo41f1ebcf-7c is tagged with VLAN tag 3. The modification from VLAN tag 3 to 1000 as we go to the physical network is done by OVS as part of the packet flow of br-eth2 in the same way we showed before. To summarize, when a VM is launched it is connected to the VM network through a chain of elements as described here. During the packet from VM to the network and back the VLAN tag is modified. Use case #3: Serving a DHCP request coming from the virtual machine In the previous use cases we have shown that both the namespace called dhcp-<some id> and the VM end up connecting to the physical interface eth2 on their respective nodes, both will tag their packets with VLAN tag 1000.We saw that the namespace has an interface with IP of 10.10.10.3. Since the VM and the namespace are connected to each other and have interfaces on the same subnet they can ping each other, in this picture we see a ping from the VM which was assigned 10.10.10.2 to the namespace: The fact that they are connected and can ping each other can become very handy when something doesn’t work right and we need to isolate the problem. In such case knowing that we should be able to ping from the VM to the namespace and back can be used to trace the disconnect using tcpdump or other monitoring tools. To serve DHCP requests coming from VMs on the network Neutron uses a Linux tool called “dnsmasq”,this is a lightweight DNS and DHCP service you can read more about it here. If we look at the dnsmasq on the control node with the ps command we see this: dnsmasq --no-hosts --no-resolv --strict-order --bind-interfaces --interface=tap26c9b807-7c --except-interface=lo --pid-file=/var/lib/neutron/dhcp/5f833617-6179-4797-b7c0-7d420d84040c/pid --dhcp-hostsfile=/var/lib/neutron/dhcp/5f833617-6179-4797-b7c0-7d420d84040c/host --dhcp-optsfile=/var/lib/neutron/dhcp/5f833617-6179-4797-b7c0-7d420d84040c/opts --leasefile-ro --dhcp-range=tag0,10.10.10.0,static,120s --dhcp-lease-max=256 --conf-file= --domain=openstacklocal The service connects to the tap interface in the namespace (“--interface=tap26c9b807-7c”), If we look at the hosts file we see this: # cat /var/lib/neutron/dhcp/5f833617-6179-4797-b7c0-7d420d84040c/host fa:16:3e:fe:c7:87,host-10-10-10-2.openstacklocal,10.10.10.2 If you look at the console output above you can see the MAC address fa:16:3e:fe:c7:87 which is the VM MAC. This MAC address is mapped to IP 10.10.10.2 and so when a DHCP request comes with this MAC dnsmasq will return the 10.10.10.2.If we look into the namespace at the time we initiate a DHCP request from the VM (this can be done by simply restarting the network service in the VM) we see the following: # ip netns exec qdhcp-5f833617-6179-4797-b7c0-7d420d84040c tcpdump -n 19:27:12.191280 IP 0.0.0.0.bootpc > 255.255.255.255.bootps: BOOTP/DHCP, Request from fa:16:3e:fe:c7:87, length 310 19:27:12.191666 IP 10.10.10.3.bootps > 10.10.10.2.bootpc: BOOTP/DHCP, Reply, length 325 To summarize, the DHCP service is handled by dnsmasq which is configured by Neutron to listen to the interface in the DHCP namespace. Neutron also configures dnsmasq with the combination of MAC and IP so when a DHCP request comes along it will receive the assigned IP. Summary In this post we relied on the components described in the previous post and saw how network connectivity is achieved using three simple use cases. These use cases gave a good view of the entire network stack and helped understand how an end to end connection is being made between a VM on a compute node and the DHCP namespace on the control node. One conclusion we can draw from what we saw here is that if we launch a VM and it is able to perform a DHCP request and receive a correct IP then there is reason to believe that the network is working as expected. We saw that a packet has to travel through a long list of components before reaching its destination and if it has done so successfully this means that many components are functioning properly. In the next post we will look at some more sophisticated services Neutron supports and see how they work. We will see that while there are some more components involved for the most part the concepts are the same. @RonenKofman

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xen 4.1 host priodically dropping network packets of domU

- by Dyutiman Chakraborty

I have xen 4.1 Host running on a ubuntu 12.04 LTS Server with ip 153.x.x.54. I have setup 2 VMs on it, namely, "dev.mydomain.com" and "web.mydomain.com" with ips 195.X.X.2 and 195.x.x.3 respectively. For network the VMs connect through xendbr0 (xen-bridge), and can accces the network properly. I can also login to the VMs with ssh with no issue. However when I ping any of the VMs, there is a high amount of periodic packet drop. If I the ping the xen host (dom0) there is no packet drop. Following is a output of "tcpdump | grep ICMP" on dOM0 while I was pinging one of the domU tcpdump: verbose output suppressed, use -v or -vv for full protocol decode listening on eth0, link-type EN10MB (Ethernet), capture size 65535 bytes 05:19:55.682493 IP ABTS-North-Dynamic-226.X.X.122.airtelbroadband.in > web.mydomain.com: ICMP echo request, id 3460, seq 30, length 64 05:19:56.691144 IP ABTS-North-Dynamic-226.X.X.122.airtelbroadband.in > web.mydomain.com: ICMP echo request, id 3460, seq 31, length 64 05:19:57.698776 IP ABTS-North-Dynamic-226.X.X.122.airtelbroadband.in > web.mydomain.com: ICMP echo request, id 3460, seq 32, length 64 05:19:58.706784 IP ABTS-North-Dynamic-226.X.X.122.airtelbroadband.in > web.mydomain.com: ICMP echo request, id 3460, seq 33, length 64 05:19:59.714751 IP ABTS-North-Dynamic-226.X.X.122.airtelbroadband.in > web.mydomain.com: ICMP echo request, id 3460, seq 34, length 64 05:20:00.723144 IP ABTS-North-Dynamic-226.X.X.122.airtelbroadband.in > web.mydomain.com: ICMP echo request, id 3460, seq 35, length 64 05:20:01.730349 IP ABTS-North-Dynamic-226.X.X.122.airtelbroadband.in > web.mydomain.com: ICMP echo request, id 3460, seq 36, length 64 05:20:02.739017 IP ABTS-North-Dynamic-226.X.X.122.airtelbroadband.in > web.mydomain.com: ICMP echo request, id 3460, seq 37, length 64 05:20:03.746806 IP ABTS-North-Dynamic-226.X.X.122.airtelbroadband.in > web.mydomain.com: ICMP echo request, id 3460, seq 38, length 64 05:20:06.770326 IP ABTS-North-Dynamic-226.X.X.122.airtelbroadband.in > web.mydomain.com: ICMP echo request, id 3460, seq 41, length 64 05:20:07.778801 IP ABTS-North-Dynamic-226.X.X.122.airtelbroadband.in > web.mydomain.com: ICMP echo request, id 3460, seq 42, length 64 05:20:08.786481 IP ABTS-North-Dynamic-226.X.X.122.airtelbroadband.in > web.mydomain.com: ICMP echo request, id 3460, seq 43, length 64 05:20:09.794720 IP ABTS-North-Dynamic-226.X.X.122.airtelbroadband.in > web.mydomain.com: ICMP echo request, id 3460, seq 44, length 64 05:20:10.802395 IP ABTS-North-Dynamic-226.X.X.122.airtelbroadband.in > web.mydomain.com: ICMP echo request, id 3460, seq 45, length 64 05:20:11.810770 IP ABTS-North-Dynamic-226.X.X.122.airtelbroadband.in > web.mydomain.com: ICMP echo request, id 3460, seq 46, length 64 05:20:12.818511 IP ABTS-North-Dynamic-226.X.X.122.airtelbroadband.in > web.mydomain.com: ICMP echo request, id 3460, seq 47, length 64 05:20:13.826817 IP ABTS-North-Dynamic-226.X.X.122.airtelbroadband.in > web.mydomain.com: ICMP echo request, id 3460, seq 48, length 64 05:20:14.835125 IP ABTS-North-Dynamic-226.X.X.122.airtelbroadband.in > web.mydomain.com: ICMP echo request, id 3460, seq 49, length 64 05:20:15.842138 IP ABTS-North-Dynamic-226.X.X.122.airtelbroadband.in > web.mydomain.com: ICMP echo request, id 3460, seq 50, length 64 05:20:18.274072 IP ABTS-North-Dynamic-226.X.X.122.airtelbroadband.in > web.mydomain.com: ICMP echo request, id 3461, seq 1, length 64 05:20:19.282347 IP ABTS-North-Dynamic-226.X.X.122.airtelbroadband.in > web.mydomain.com: ICMP echo request, id 3461, seq 2, length 64 05:20:20.290746 IP ABTS-North-Dynamic-226.X.X.122.airtelbroadband.in > web.mydomain.com: ICMP echo request, id 3461, seq 3, length 64 05:20:21.297910 IP ABTS-North-Dynamic-226.X.X.122.airtelbroadband.in > web.mydomain.com: ICMP echo request, id 3461, seq 4, length 64 05:20:22.305656 IP ABTS-North-Dynamic-226.X.X.122.airtelbroadband.in > web.mydomain.com: ICMP echo request, id 3461, seq 5, length 64 05:20:23.314369 IP ABTS-North-Dynamic-226.X.X.122.airtelbroadband.in > web.mydomain.com: ICMP echo request, id 3461, seq 6, length 64 05:20:24.322055 IP ABTS-North-Dynamic-226.X.X.122.airtelbroadband.in > web.mydomain.com: ICMP echo request, id 3461, seq 7, length 64 05:20:25.329782 IP ABTS-North-Dynamic-226.X.X.122.airtelbroadband.in > web.mydomain.com: ICMP echo request, id 3461, seq 8, length 64 05:20:26.338473 IP ABTS-North-Dynamic-226.X.X.122.airtelbroadband.in > web.mydomain.com: ICMP echo request, id 3461, seq 9, length 64 05:20:27.346411 IP ABTS-North-Dynamic-226.X.X.122.airtelbroadband.in > web.mydomain.com: ICMP echo request, id 3461, seq 10, length 64 05:20:28.354175 IP ABTS-North-Dynamic-226.X.X.122.airtelbroadband.in > web.mydomain.com: ICMP echo request, id 3461, seq 11, length 64 05:20:29.361640 IP ABTS-North-Dynamic-226.X.X.122.airtelbroadband.in > web.mydomain.com: ICMP echo request, id 3461, seq 12, length 64 05:20:30.370026 IP ABTS-North-Dynamic-226.X.X.122.airtelbroadband.in > web.mydomain.com: ICMP echo request, id 3461, seq 13, length 64 05:20:31.377696 IP ABTS-North-Dynamic-226.X.X.122.airtelbroadband.in > web.mydomain.com: ICMP echo request, id 3461, seq 14, length 64 05:20:32.386151 IP ABTS-North-Dynamic-226.X.X.122.airtelbroadband.in > web.mydomain.com: ICMP echo request, id 3461, seq 15, length 64 05:20:33.394118 IP ABTS-North-Dynamic-226.X.X.122.airtelbroadband.in > web.mydomain.com: ICMP echo request, id 3461, seq 16, length 64 05:20:34.402058 IP ABTS-North-Dynamic-226.X.X.122.airtelbroadband.in > web.mydomain.com: ICMP echo request, id 3461, seq 17, length 64 05:20:35.409002 IP ABTS-North-Dynamic-226.X.X.122.airtelbroadband.in > web.mydomain.com: ICMP echo request, id 3461, seq 18, length 64 05:20:36.417692 IP ABTS-North-Dynamic-226.X.X.122.airtelbroadband.in > web.mydomain.com: ICMP echo request, id 3461, seq 19, length 64 05:20:36.496916 IP6 fe80::3285:a9ff:feec:fc69 > ip6-allnodes: HBH ICMP6, multicast listener querymax resp delay: 1000 addr: ::, length 24 05:20:36.499112 IP6 fe80::21c:c0ff:fe6c:c091 > ff02::1:ff6c:c091: HBH ICMP6, multicast listener reportmax resp delay: 0 addr: ff02::1:ff6c:c091, length 24 05:20:36.507041 IP6 fe80::227:eff:fe11:fa3f > ff02::1:ff00:2: HBH ICMP6, multicast listener reportmax resp delay: 0 addr: ff02::1:ff00:2, length 24 05:20:36.523919 IP6 fe80::21c:c0ff:fe77:6257 > ff02::1:ff77:6257: HBH ICMP6, multicast listener reportmax resp delay: 0 addr: ff02::1:ff77:6257, length 24 05:20:36.544785 IP6 fe80::54:ff:fe12:ea9a > ff02::1:ff12:ea9a: HBH ICMP6, multicast listener reportmax resp delay: 0 addr: ff02::1:ff12:ea9a, length 24 05:20:36.581740 IP6 fe80::5604:a6ff:fef1:6da7 > ff02::1:fff1:6da7: HBH ICMP6, multicast listener reportmax resp delay: 0 addr: ff02::1:fff1:6da7, length 24 05:20:36.600103 IP6 fe80::8a8:8aa0:5e18:917a > ff02::1:ff18:917a: HBH ICMP6, multicast listener reportmax resp delay: 0 addr: ff02::1:ff18:917a, length 24 05:20:36.601989 IP6 fe80::227:eff:fe11:fa3e > ff02::1:ff11:fa3e: HBH ICMP6, multicast listener reportmax resp delay: 0 addr: ff02::1:ff11:fa3e, length 24 05:20:36.611090 IP6 fe80::dcad:56ff:fe57:3bbe > ff02::1:ff57:3bbe: HBH ICMP6, multicast listener reportmax resp delay: 0 addr: ff02::1:ff57:3bbe, length 24 05:20:36.660521 IP6 fe80::54:ff:fe02:1d31 > ff02::1:ff00:6: HBH ICMP6, multicast listener reportmax resp delay: 0 addr: ff02::1:ff00:6, length 24 05:20:36.698871 IP6 fe80::21e:8cff:feb4:9f89 > ff02::1:ffb4:9f89: HBH ICMP6, multicast listener reportmax resp delay: 0 addr: ff02::1:ffb4:9f89, length 24 05:20:36.776548 IP6 fe80::54:ff:fe12:ea9a > ff02::1:ff01:7: HBH ICMP6, multicast listener reportmax resp delay: 0 addr: ff02::1:ff01:7, length 24 05:20:36.781910 IP6 fe80::54:ff:fe8f:6dd > ff02::1:ff00:3: HBH ICMP6, multicast listener reportmax resp delay: 0 addr: ff02::1:ff00:3, length 24 05:20:36.865475 IP6 fe80::21c:c0ff:fe4a:ae9f > ff02::1:ff4a:ae9f: HBH ICMP6, multicast listener reportmax resp delay: 0 addr: ff02::1:ff4a:ae9f, length 24 05:20:36.908333 IP6 fe80::dcad:45ff:fe90:84db > ff02::1:ff90:84db: HBH ICMP6, multicast listener reportmax resp delay: 0 addr: ff02::1:ff90:84db, length 24 05:20:36.919653 IP6 fe80::54:ff:fe12:ea9a > ff02::1:ff00:7: HBH ICMP6, multicast listener reportmax resp delay: 0 addr: ff02::1:ff00:7, length 24 05:20:36.924276 IP6 fe80::59a2:2a4a:2082:6dee > ff02::1:ff82:6dee: HBH ICMP6, multicast listener reportmax resp delay: 0 addr: ff02::1:ff82:6dee, length 24 05:20:37.001905 IP6 fe80::54:ff:fe8f:6dd > ff02::1:ff8f:6dd: HBH ICMP6, multicast listener reportmax resp delay: 0 addr: ff02::1:ff8f:6dd, length 24 05:20:37.042403 IP6 fe80::54:ff:fe95:54f2 > ff02::1:ff95:54f2: HBH ICMP6, multicast listener reportmax resp delay: 0 addr: ff02::1:ff95:54f2, length 24 05:20:37.090992 IP6 fe80::21c:c0ff:fe77:62ac > ff02::1:ff77:62ac: HBH ICMP6, multicast listener reportmax resp delay: 0 addr: ff02::1:ff77:62ac, length 24 05:20:37.098118 IP6 fe80::d63d:7eff:fe01:b67f > ff02::1:ff01:b67f: HBH ICMP6, multicast listener reportmax resp delay: 0 addr: ff02::1:ff01:b67f, length 24 05:20:37.118784 IP6 fe80::54:ff:fe12:ea9a > ff02::202: HBH ICMP6, multicast listener reportmax resp delay: 0 addr: ff02::202, length 24 05:20:37.168548 IP6 fe80::54:ff:fe02:1d31 > ff02::1:ff02:1d31: HBH ICMP6, multicast listener reportmax resp delay: 0 addr: ff02::1:ff02:1d31, length 24 05:20:41.743286 IP ABTS-North-Dynamic-226.X.X.122.airtelbroadband.in > dev.mydomain.com: ICMP echo request, id 3463, seq 1, length 64 05:20:41.743542 IP dev.mydomain.com > ABTS-North-Dynamic-226.X.X.122.airtelbroadband.in: ICMP echo reply, id 3463, seq 1, length 64 05:20:42.743859 IP ABTS-North-Dynamic-226.X.X.122.airtelbroadband.in > dev.mydomain.com: ICMP echo request, id 3463, seq 2, length 64 05:20:42.743952 IP dev.mydomain.com > ABTS-North-Dynamic-226.X.X.122.airtelbroadband.in: ICMP echo reply, id 3463, seq 2, length 64 05:20:43.745689 IP ABTS-North-Dynamic-226.X.X.122.airtelbroadband.in > dev.mydomain.com: ICMP echo request, id 3463, seq 3, length 64 05:20:43.745777 IP dev.mydomain.com > ABTS-North-Dynamic-226.X.X.122.airtelbroadband.in: ICMP echo reply, id 3463, seq 3, length 64 05:20:44.746706 IP ABTS-North-Dynamic-226.X.X.122.airtelbroadband.in > dev.mydomain.com: ICMP echo request, id 3463, seq 4, length 64 05:20:44.746796 IP dev.mydomain.com > ABTS-North-Dynamic-226.X.X.122.airtelbroadband.in: ICMP echo reply, id 3463, seq 4, length 64 05:20:45.747986 IP ABTS-North-Dynamic-226.X.X.122.airtelbroadband.in > dev.mydomain.com: ICMP echo request, id 3463, seq 5, length 64 05:20:45.748082 IP dev.mydomain.com > ABTS-North-Dynamic-226.X.X.122.airtelbroadband.in: ICMP echo reply, id 3463, seq 5, length 64 05:20:46.749834 IP ABTS-North-Dynamic-226.X.X.122.airtelbroadband.in > dev.mydomain.com: ICMP echo request, id 3463, seq 6, length 64 05:20:46.749920 IP dev.mydomain.com > ABTS-North-Dynamic-226.X.X.122.airtelbroadband.in: ICMP echo reply, id 3463, seq 6, length 64 05:20:47.750838 IP ABTS-North-Dynamic-226.X.X.122.airtelbroadband.in > dev.mydomain.com: ICMP echo request, id 3463, seq 7, length 64 05:20:47.751182 IP dev.mydomain.com > ABTS-North-Dynamic-226.X.X.122.airtelbroadband.in: ICMP echo reply, id 3463, seq 7, length 64 05:20:48.751909 IP ABTS-North-Dynamic-226.X.X.122.airtelbroadband.in > dev.mydomain.com: ICMP echo request, id 3463, seq 8, length 64 05:20:48.751991 IP dev.mydomain.com > ABTS-North-Dynamic-226.X.X.122.airtelbroadband.in: ICMP echo reply, id 3463, seq 8, length 64 05:20:49.752542 IP ABTS-North-Dynamic-226.X.X.122.airtelbroadband.in > dev.mydomain.com: ICMP echo request, id 3463, seq 9, length 64 05:20:49.752620 IP dev.mydomain.com > ABTS-North-Dynamic-226.X.X.122.airtelbroadband.in: ICMP echo reply, id 3463, seq 9, length 64 05:20:50.754246 IP ABTS-North-Dynamic-226.X.X.122.airtelbroadband.in > dev.mydomain.com: ICMP echo request, id 3463, seq 10, length 64 05:20:51.753856 IP ABTS-North-Dynamic-226.X.X.122.airtelbroadband.in > dev.mydomain.com: ICMP echo request, id 3463, seq 11, length 64 05:20:52.752868 IP ABTS-North-Dynamic-226.X.X.122.airtelbroadband.in > dev.mydomain.com: ICMP echo request, id 3463, seq 12, length 64 05:20:53.754174 IP ABTS-North-Dynamic-226.X.X.122.airtelbroadband.in > dev.mydomain.com: ICMP echo request, id 3463, seq 13, length 64 05:20:54.753972 IP ABTS-North-Dynamic-226.X.X.122.airtelbroadband.in > dev.mydomain.com: ICMP echo request, id 3463, seq 14, length 64 05:20:55.753814 IP ABTS-North-Dynamic-226.X.X.122.airtelbroadband.in > dev.mydomain.com: ICMP echo request, id 3463, seq 15, length 64 05:20:56.753391 IP ABTS-North-Dynamic-226.X.X.122.airtelbroadband.in > dev.mydomain.com: ICMP echo request, id 3463, seq 16, length 64 05:20:57.753683 IP ABTS-North-Dynamic-226.X.X.122.airtelbroadband.in > dev.mydomain.com: ICMP echo request, id 3463, seq 17, length 64 05:20:58.753487 IP ABTS-North-Dynamic-226.X.X.122.airtelbroadband.in > dev.mydomain.com: ICMP echo request, id 3463, seq 18, length 64 05:20:59.754013 IP ABTS-North-Dynamic-226.X.X.122.airtelbroadband.in > dev.mydomain.com: ICMP echo request, id 3463, seq 19, length 64 05:21:00.753169 IP ABTS-North-Dynamic-226.X.X.122.airtelbroadband.in > dev.mydomain.com: ICMP echo request, id 3463, seq 20, length 64 05:21:01.753757 IP ABTS-North-Dynamic-226.X.X.122.airtelbroadband.in > dev.mydomain.com: ICMP echo request, id 3463, seq 21, length 64 05:21:02.753307 IP ABTS-North-Dynamic-226.X.X.122.airtelbroadband.in > dev.mydomain.com: ICMP echo request, id 3463, seq 22, length 64 05:21:03.753021 IP ABTS-North-Dynamic-226.X.X.122.airtelbroadband.in > dev.mydomain.com: ICMP echo request, id 3463, seq 23, length 64 05:21:04.753628 IP ABTS-North-Dynamic-226.X.X.122.airtelbroadband.in > dev.mydomain.com: ICMP echo request, id 3463, seq 24, length 64 ^C479 packets captured 718 packets received by filter 238 packets dropped by kernel 3 packets dropped by interface You see the ping request is not responed to initially, then for a moment it is replied back and then again no reply. I have tried everything (to the best of my knowledge) to fix this, but can't find any answer Any help will be greatly appreciated Thanks.

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How can I back up my ubuntu system?

- by Eloff

I'm sure there's a lot of questions on here similar to this, and I've been reading them, but I still feel this warrants a new question. I want nightly, incremental backups (full disk images would waste a lot of space - unless compressed somehow.) Preferably rotating or deleting old backups when running out of space or after a fixed number of backups. I want to be able to quickly and painlessly restore my system from these backups. This is my first time running ubuntu as my main development machine and I know from my experience with it as a server and in virtual machines that I regularly manage to make it unbootable or damage it to the point of being unable to rescue it. So how would you recommend I do this? There are so many options out there I really don't know where to start. There seems to be a vocal school of thought that it's sufficient to backup your home directory and the list of installed packages from the package manager. I've already installed lots of things from source, or outside of the package manager (development tools, ides, compilers, graphics drivers, etc.) So at the very least, if I do not back up the operating system itself I need to grab all config files, all program binaries, all created but required files, etc. I'd rather backup too much than too little - an ubuntu install is tiny anyway. Also this drastically reduces the restore time, which would cost me more in my time than the extra storage space. I tried using Deja Dup to backup the root partition, excluding some things like /mnt /media /dev /proc etc. Although many websites assured me you can backup a running linux system this way - that seems to be false as it complained that it could not backup the following files: /boot/System.map-3.0.0-17-generic /boot/System.map-3.2.0-22-generic /boot/vmcoreinfo-3.0.0-17-generic /boot/vmlinuz-3.0.0-17-generic /boot/vmlinuz-3.2.0-22-generic /etc/.pwd.lock /etc/NetworkManager/system-connections/LAN Connection /etc/apparmor.d/cache/lightdm-guest-session /etc/apparmor.d/cache/sbin.dhclient /etc/apparmor.d/cache/usr.bin.evince /etc/apparmor.d/cache/usr.lib.telepathy /etc/apparmor.d/cache/usr.sbin.cupsd /etc/apparmor.d/cache/usr.sbin.tcpdump /etc/apt/trustdb.gpg /etc/at.deny /etc/ati/inst_path_default /etc/ati/inst_path_override /etc/chatscripts /etc/cups/ssl /etc/cups/subscriptions.conf /etc/cups/subscriptions.conf.O /etc/default/cacerts /etc/fuse.conf /etc/group- /etc/gshadow /etc/gshadow- /etc/mtab.fuselock /etc/passwd- /etc/ppp/chap-secrets /etc/ppp/pap-secrets /etc/ppp/peers /etc/security/opasswd /etc/shadow /etc/shadow- /etc/ssl/private /etc/sudoers /etc/sudoers.d/README /etc/ufw/after.rules /etc/ufw/after6.rules /etc/ufw/before.rules /etc/ufw/before6.rules /lib/ufw/user.rules /lib/ufw/user6.rules /lost+found /root /run/crond.reboot /run/cups/certs /run/lightdm /run/lock/whoopsie/lock /run/udisks /var/backups/group.bak /var/backups/gshadow.bak /var/backups/passwd.bak /var/backups/shadow.bak /var/cache/apt/archives/lock /var/cache/cups/job.cache /var/cache/cups/job.cache.O /var/cache/cups/ppds.dat /var/cache/debconf/passwords.dat /var/cache/ldconfig /var/cache/lightdm/dmrc /var/crash/_usr_lib_x86_64-linux-gnu_colord_colord.102.crash /var/lib/apt/lists/lock /var/lib/dpkg/lock /var/lib/dpkg/triggers/Lock /var/lib/lightdm /var/lib/mlocate/mlocate.db /var/lib/polkit-1 /var/lib/sudo /var/lib/urandom/random-seed /var/lib/ureadahead/pack /var/lib/ureadahead/run.pack /var/log/btmp /var/log/installer/casper.log /var/log/installer/debug /var/log/installer/partman /var/log/installer/syslog /var/log/installer/version /var/log/lightdm/lightdm.log /var/log/lightdm/x-0-greeter.log /var/log/lightdm/x-0.log /var/log/speech-dispatcher /var/log/upstart/alsa-restore.log /var/log/upstart/alsa-restore.log.1.gz /var/log/upstart/console-setup.log /var/log/upstart/console-setup.log.1.gz /var/log/upstart/container-detect.log /var/log/upstart/container-detect.log.1.gz /var/log/upstart/hybrid-gfx.log /var/log/upstart/hybrid-gfx.log.1.gz /var/log/upstart/modemmanager.log /var/log/upstart/modemmanager.log.1.gz /var/log/upstart/module-init-tools.log /var/log/upstart/module-init-tools.log.1.gz /var/log/upstart/procps-static-network-up.log /var/log/upstart/procps-static-network-up.log.1.gz /var/log/upstart/procps-virtual-filesystems.log /var/log/upstart/procps-virtual-filesystems.log.1.gz /var/log/upstart/rsyslog.log /var/log/upstart/rsyslog.log.1.gz /var/log/upstart/ureadahead.log /var/log/upstart/ureadahead.log.1.gz /var/spool/anacron/cron.daily /var/spool/anacron/cron.monthly /var/spool/anacron/cron.weekly /var/spool/cron/atjobs /var/spool/cron/atspool /var/spool/cron/crontabs /var/spool/cups

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Free and Open Source Software in Oracle Solaris 11.1

- by user13277799

Oracle Solaris 11.1 contains number of Free and Open Source packages. The following table contains important FOSS packages with their versions available in this latest Oracle Solaris release. a2ps 4.14 aalib 1.4.0 pmtools 20071116 apache-ant 1.7.1 httpd 2.2.22 mod_dtrace 0.3.1 mod_fcgid 2.3.6 tomcat-connectors 1.2.28 mod_perl 2.0.4 mod_proxy_html 3.1.1 modsecurity-apache 2.5.9 mod_wsgi 3.3 apr 1.3.9 apr-util 1.3.9 areca 7.1 autoconf 2.68 autogen 5.9 automake 1.10 automake 1.11.2 automake 1.9.6 bash 4.1 bcc 0.16.17 beanshell 2.0b4 db 5.1.25 bind 9.6-ESV-R7-P2 binutils 2.21.1 bison 2.3 bzip2 1.0.6 cdrtools 3.00 clisp 2.47 cmake 2.8.6 gnu 0.5.11 conflict 20100627 convmv 1.15 coreutils 8.5 cups 1.4.5 curl 7.21.2 cvs 1.12.13 diffutils 2.8.7 doxygen 1.7.6.1 ejabberd 2.1.8 elinks 0.11.7 emacs 23.4 otp_src R12B-5 fcgi 2.4.0 fetchmail 6.3.22 flex 2.5.35 foomatic-db 20080903 foomatic-db-engine 3.0-20080903 foomatic-filters 4.0.15 foomatic-filters-ppds 20080818 fping 2.4b2_to gawk 3.1.8 gcc 3.4.3 gcc 4.5.2 gd 2.0.35 gdb 6.8 gdbm 1.8.3 gettext 0.16.1 grep 2.10 ghostscript 9.00 git 1.7.9.2 gnu-gs-fonts-other 6.0 gnu-gs-fonts-std 6.0 gmp 4.3.2 gnupg 2.0.17 gnuplot 4.6.0 pth 2.0.7 gocr 0.48 gperf 3.0.3 gpgme 1.1.8 grails 1.0.3 graphviz 2.28.0 tar 1.26 guile 1.8.6 gutenprint 5.2.7 gzip 1.4 hal-cups-utils 0.6.19 hexedit 1.2.12 hplip 3.10.9 httping 1.4.4 hwdata 0.5.11 iftop 0.17 ilmbase 1.0.1 ImageMagick 6.3.4 iperf 2.0.4 ipmitool 1.8.11 ircii 20060725 dhcp 4.1-ESV-R7 junit 4.10 INIT 2011-02-08 lcms 1.19 less 436 lftp 4.3.1 libassuan 2.0.1 confuse 2.6 libedit 20110802-3.0 libee 0.3.2 libestr 0.1.2 libevent 1.4.14b expat 2.1.0 libidn 1.19 libksba 1.1.0 libmcrypt 2.5.8 libmemcached 0.16 libmng 1.0.10 neon 0.29.5 libnet 1.1.5 libpcap 1.1.1 librsync 0.9.7 libsigsegv 2.6 libsndfile 1.0.23 libtecla 1.6.1 libtool 2.4.2 libtorrent 0.12.2 libusbugen 0.1.8 libusb 0.1.8 libxml2 2.7.6 libxslt 1.1.26 lighttpd 1.4.23 links 1.03 logilab-astng 0.19.0 logilab-common 0.40.0 lua 5.1.4 m4 1.4.12 make 3.82 mc 4.7.5.2 meld 1.4.0 memcached 1.4.5 memcached-java 2.0.1 mercurial 2.2.1 mpc 0.9 mpfr 2.4.2 mutt 1.5.21 mysql 5.1.37 ncftp 3.2.3 net-snmp 5.4.1 nethack 3.4.3 nmap 5.51 ntp-dev 4.2.5 open-fabrics 1.5.3 openexr 1.6.1 openldap 2.4.30 openscap 0.8.1 openssl 0.9.8q openssl 1.0.0j libopenusb 1.0.1 p7zip 9.20.1 pam_pkcs11 0.6.0 patch 2.5.9 pconsole 1.0 pcre 8.21 perl 5.12.4 DBI 1.58 Net-SSLeay 1.36 pmtools 1.10 XML-Parser 2.36 XML-Simple 2.18 PHP 5.2.17 PHP 5.3.14 pinentry 0.7.6 privoxy 3.0.17 proftpd 1.3.3 psutils p17 pv 1.2.0 pwgen 2.06 pylint 0.18.0 CherryPy 3.1.2 coverage 3.5 jsonrpclib 0.1.3 ldtp 2.1.1 M2Crypto 0.21.1 Mako 0.4.1 nose 1.1.2 ply 3.1 pybonjour 1.1.1 pycups 1.9.46 pycurl 7.19.0 lxml 2.3.3 pyOpenSSL 0.11 Python 2.6.8 Python 2.7.3 setuptools 0.6 quagga 0.99.19 quilt 0.60 rdiff-backup 1.3.3 readline 5.2 rpm2cpio 0.5.11 rsync 3.0.8 rsyslog 6.2.0 rtorrent 0.8.2 ruby 1.8.7 samba 3.6.6 sane-backends 1.0.19 sane-frontends 1.0.14 screen 4.0.3 sed 4.2.1 sendmail 8.14.5 slang 2.2.4 slib 3b1 slrn 0.9.9 snort 2.8.4.1 sox 14.3.2 spawn-fcgi 1.6.3 squid 3.1.18 stdcxx 4.2.1 subversion 1.7.5 sudo 1.8.4.5 swig 1.3.35 expect 5.45 tcl 8.5.9 tk 8.5.9 tls 1.6 tcpdump 4.1.1 tcsh 6.17.00 texinfo 4.7 tidy 1.0.0 timezone apache-tomcat 6.0.35 top 3.8beta1 trousers 0.3.6 unixODBC 2.3.0 unrar 4.1.4 unzip 6.0 vim 7.3 visual-panels wget 1.12 which 2.16 wireshark 1.8.2 wxGTK 2.8.12 xorriso 0.6.0 xz 5.0.1 zip 3.0 zlib 1.2.3 zsh 4.3.17

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Alternatives to decompiling MS Access MDE files

- by booyaa

I've been tasked with finding a suitable tool to decompile MDE files. The MDEs were created by staff who have since left (familar story eh?) and we do not have access to the originally MDB files. The reason we need access to the original code is that the data source is changing (the backend as well as some of the table and queries) and we need a way to update queries. An example of a change, in a SELECT statement where is the WHERE clause looks for zero as a string ("0") rather than an integer. I'm aware that unless you use the services of people like EverythingAccess.com its unlikely you will ever get the source code back. My main query is to ask for alternative methods to decompiling code. An example of the kinds of methods I'm thinking about is to spy on the traffic between the app the the ODBC DSN using tcpdump. I might then be able to write code to translate the data source queries between the old and new systems. Ideally I'd prefer a solution that is application centric rather than one that analyses all network traffic. I should add one caveat, no doubt most of you are thinking the best solution is to rewrite the code, based on its perceived functionality. This is the option we're not considering (at the moment).

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csync2 ERROR: Connection to remote host failed

- by Emil Salama

I was unable to find any articles to answer this question, so my best bet was to post this here: Scenario We have 2x application servers in production hosting a PHP website and I would like some folders to be syncronized between the 2, the same was setup for the development environment with no issues, I've followed all instructions from the URL "http://www.cloudedify.com/synchronising-files-in-cloud-with-csync2/", I still seem to have the same result, firewall has been disabled on both boxes for troubeshooting purposes: Config Files: cysnc2.cfg nossl * *; group production { host server1; host server2; key /etc/csync-production-group.key; include /etc/httpd/sites-available; include /xxxxxx/public_html/files include /xxxxxxx/magento/media/catalog/product include /xxxxxxx/magento/media/brands exclude *.log; exclude /xxxx/public_html/file/cache; exclude /xxxxx/public_html/magento/var/cache; exclude /xxxx/public_html/logs; exclude /xxxxx/public_html/magento/var/log; backup-directory /data/sync-conflicts/; backup-generations 2; auto younger; } /etc/xinetd.d/csync2 csync2.cfg service csync2 { disable = no flags = REUSE socket_type = stream wait = no user = root group = root server = /usr/sbin/csync2 server_args = -i -D /data/sync-db/ port = 30865 type = UNLISTED log_type = FILE /data/logs/csync2/csync2-xinetd.log log_on_failure += USERID } I've made sure that the daemon is listening on both server on port 30865 and the keys matched on both servers I've run a tcpdump on each server, output as follows: 12:20:31.366771 IP server1.49919 server2.csync2: Flags [S], seq 445156159, win 14600, options [mss 1460,sackOK,TS val 794864936 ecr 0,nop,wscale 7], length 0 12:20:31.366810 IP server2.csync2 server1.49919: Flags [S.], seq 450593575, ack 445156160, win 14480, options [mss 1460,sackOK,TS val 794798911 ecr 794864936,nop,wscale 7], length 0 12:20:31.367101 IP server1.49919 server2.csync2: Flags [.], ack 1, win 115, options [nop,nop,TS val 794864937 ecr 794798911], length 0 12:20:31.367138 IP server1.49919 server2.csync2: Flags [P.], seq 1:9, ack 1, win 115, options [nop,nop,TS val 794864937 ecr 794798911], length 8 12:20:31.367147 IP server2.csync2 server1.49919: Flags [.], ack 9, win 114, options [nop,nop,TS val 794798912 ecr 794864937], length 0 12:20:31.368625 IP server2.csync2 server1.49919: Flags [R.], seq 1, ack 9, win 114, options [nop,nop,TS val 794798913 ecr 794864937], length 0 Is there anything else i'm missing or should be doing?

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custom route not working on windows

- by Michael Closson

My windows laptop is directly connected to 192.168.1.0/24 (wireless lan). I access 10.21.0.0/16 though a router that is connected to both networks. The routing works fine with this configuration. I have a VPN, that connects to 10.0.0.0/8. The VPN network doesn't actually use any IPs in the 10.21.0.0/16 range. So I should be able to configure my routing table to route all the 10.21.0.0/16 IPs through the wireless lan, and all other 10.0.0.0/8 through the VPN. My understanding is that I can do this if the metric for the 10.21.0.0 is lower than that of the 10.0.0.0. The VPN (10.0.0.0) is automatically assigned metric 20. I have manually assigned the WLAN a metric of 1. I manually add an entry to the routing table with this command: route add 10.21.0.0 mask 255.255.0.0 192.168.1.201 metric 1 The route is then assigned a metric of 2 (which is expected). The problem is that it doesn't work. I can't ping any machine on the 10.21.0.0 network. But I can access other stuff on the 10.0.0.0. I can also access stuff on the 192.168.1.0. To debug this i've done the following. Run tcpdump on the router (192.168.1.201). I can verify that no packets for 10.21.0.0 arrive on that interface. Disable iptables on the router. Disable the windows firewall. Run wireshark on my laptop, to try and see which interface the ping requests go to. But I can't see them go anywhere!! The ping command doesn't receive any 'destination unreachable' messages. Here is the relevant section of the routing table. IPv4 Route Table =========================================================================== Active Routes: Network Destination Netmask Gateway Interface Metric 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 192.168.1.201 192.168.1.18 2 10.0.0.0 255.0.0.0 On-link 10.55.44.203 20 10.21.0.0 255.255.0.0 192.168.1.201 192.168.1.18 2

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Hidden DNS master only sending notify to one slave

- by Rob

My hidden DNS master is only sending notifies to one of the name servers for a zone I have 3 named servers ns0,ns1 & ns2 all running bind 9.7.3.dfsg-1ubuntu4.1. When an update is processed the master (ns0) seems to behave normally. ns0 (192.168.2.50) zone domain.org/IN: sending notifies (serial 2012060703) client 192.168.2.52#42892: transfer of 'domain.org/IN': AXFR-style IXFR started: TSIG rndc-key client 192.168.2.52#42892: transfer of 'domain.org/IN': AXFR-style IXFR ended ns2 (192.168.2.52) client 192.168.2.50#3762: received notify for zone 'domain.org': TSIG 'rndc-key' zone domain.org/IN: Transfer started. transfer of 'domain.org/IN' from 192.168.2.50#53: connected using 192.168.2.52#55747 zone domain.org/IN: transferred serial 2012060704: TSIG 'rndc-key' transfer of 'domain.org/IN' from 192.168.2.50#53: Transfer completed: 1 messages, 34 records, 1028 bytes, 0.001 secs (1028000 bytes/sec) Nothing happens on ns1. I've turned up the logging level but there's no information in syslog about the actual name servers bind has sent notifications to so I guess this is something it doesn't log. I've also tried watching tcpdump, it never makes any attempt to notify ns1 only ns2 192.168.2.50.56278 > 192.168.2.52.53: [udp sum ok] 56418 notify [b2&3=0x2400] [1a] [1au] ? SOA? domain.org. domain.org. [0s] SOA ns1.domain.net. dnsmaster.domain.net. ? 2012060801 10800 3600 604800 3600 ar: rndc-key. ANY [0s] TSIG hmac-md5.sig-alg.reg.int. fudge=300 maclen=16 origid=56418 error=0 otherlen=0 (174) the authoritive zone has both ns1 and ns2 records $ORIGIN domain.org. $TTL 3h @ IN SOA ns1.domain.net. dnsmaster.domain.net. ( 2012060801 ; Serial yyyymmddnn 3h ; Refresh After 3 hours 1h ; Retry Retry after 1 hour 1w ; Expire after 1 week 1h ) ; Minimum negative caching of 1 hour @ 3600 IN NS ns1.domain.net. @ 3600 IN NS ns2.domain.net. // Edit I have added also-notify {192.168.2.51;192.168.2.52;}; explicitly to the zone file and it all works fine, both ns1 and ns2 get notify messages and transfers succeed. I was under the impression bind would automatically send notifies to all NS records on a zone, maybe it's bugged?

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Server currently under DDOS, not sure what to do.

- by Volex

Hi, My web server is currently under a DDOS attack I believe, the messages log is full of these kind of messages: May 13 15:51:19 kernel: nf_conntrack: table full, dropping packet. May 13 15:51:19 last message repeated 9 times May 13 15:51:24 kernel: __ratelimit: 78 callbacks suppressed May 13 15:51:24 kernel: nf_conntrack: table full, dropping packet. May 13 15:52:06 kernel: possible SYN flooding on port 80. Sending cookies. and a netstat has a huge amount of the following: tcp 0 0 my.host.com:http bb176da0.virtua.com.br:4998 SYN_RECV tcp 0 0 my.host.com:http 187.0.43.109:2694 SYN_RECV tcp 0 0 my.host.com:http 109.229.4.145:1722 SYN_RECV tcp 0 0 my.host.com:http 189-84-163-244.sodobr:63267 SYN_RECV tcp 0 0 my.host.com:http bd66839d.virtua.com.br:3469 SYN_RECV tcp 0 0 my.host.com:http 69.101.56.190.dsl.int:52552 SYN_RECV tcp 0 0 my.host.com:http pc-62-230-47-190.cm.vt:2262 SYN_RECV tcp 0 0 my.host.com:http 189-84-163-244.sodobr:63418 SYN_RECV tcp 0 0 my.host.com:http pc-62-230-47-190.cm.vt:1741 SYN_RECV tcp 0 0 my.host.com:http zaq3d739320.zaq.ne.jp:2141 SYN_RECV tcp 0 0 my.host.com:http netacc-gpn-4-80-73.po:52676 SYN_RECV tcpdump shows: 7:11:08.564510 IP 187-4-1xx-4.xxx.ipd.brasiltelecom.net.br.54821 my.host.com.http: S 999692166:999692166(0) win 65535 17:11:08.566347 IP 114-44-171-67.dynamic.hinet.net.1129 my.host.com.http: S 605369055:605369055(0) win 65535 17:11:08.570210 IP 200-101-13-130.pvoce300.ipd.brasiltelecom.net.br.5590 my.host.com.http: S 2813379182:2813379182(0) win 16384 17:11:08.571290 IP dsl-189-143-30-99-dyn.prod-infinitum.com.mx.1615 my.host.com.http: S 281542700:281542700(0) win 65535 17:11:08.583847 IP dsl-189-143-30-99-dyn.prod-infinitum.com.mx.1617 my.host.com.http: S 499413892:499413892(0) win 65535 17:11:08.588680 IP 170.51.229.112.2569 my.host.com.http: S 2195084898:2195084898(0) win 65535 17:11:08.588773 IP gw2-1.211.ru.3180 my.host.com.http: F 2315901786:2315901786(0) ack 2620913033 win 64240 17:11:08.590656 IP 200-101-13-130.pvoce300.ipd.brasiltelecom.net.br.5614 my.host.com.http: S 2813715032:2813715032(0) win 16384 17:11:08.591212 IP 203.82.82.54.15848 my.host.com.http: S 4070423507:4070423507(0) win 16384 17:11:08.591254 IP 203.82.82.54.2545 my.host.com.http: S 1790910784:1790910784(0) win 16384 17:11:08.591289 IP 203.82.82.54.28306 my.host.com.http: S 578615626:578615626(0) win 16384 17:11:08.591591 IP gw2-1.211.ru.3191 my.host.com.http: F 2316435991:2316435991(0) ack 2634205972 win 64240 17:11:08.591790 IP 200-101-13-130.pvoce300.ipd.brasiltelecom.net.br.5593 my.host.com.http: S 2813659017:2813659017(0) win 16384 17:11:08.593691 IP gw2-1.211.ru.3203 my.host.com.http: F 2316834420:2316834420(0) ack 2629074987 win 64240 I'm not sure what I can do to limit/mitigate this, currently no webpages are being served, any help gratefully appreciated.

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Server 2008/Windows 7/Samba Unspecified error 80004005

- by ancillary

I have a Samba share on a LAN with 2008 PDC/DNS. Smb authenticates with AD and I have several Win7 Machines that can connect fine. I recently added a couple of new computers to the LAN which were imaged the same way (same software, etc.; different hardware so different drivers) as the other machines and they have the same policies set. I can not get the new machines to connect to the samba share no matter what. I am always met with either Unspecified Error 0x80004005 or Network Path not found. I've turned off the firewall; set LANMAN auth to respond to NTLM only/send LM & NTLM responses/use NTLM session security if negotiated in Local Sec Policy SEcurity Options; tried both ip and hostname to connect. SMB log shows that authentication succeeds; but then connection is immediately killed by the client. tcpdump shows nothing remarkable except that when trying to connect from the client via hostname there is an unknown packet type error: ack 201 win 255 NBT Session Packet: Unknown packet type 0xABData: (41 bytes) Here's a couple of lines from that error: 11:18:37.964991 IP 001-client.domain.local.49372 > smb.domain.local.netbios-ssn: P 1670:2146(476) ack 201 win 255 NBT Session Packet: Unknown packet type 0xABData: (41 bytes) [000] AA 46 96 FA D5 99 33 75 0C C4 20 CE 26 42 F3 61 \252F\226\372\325\2313u \014\304 \316&B\363a [010] F0 8C FB 65 18 17 40 A5 DB 42 BB 94 37 53 92 EC \360\214\373e\030\027@\245 \333B\273\2247S\222\354 [020] 55 98 7F C4 AE 3D 6B 10 C4 U\230\177\304\256=k\020 \304 11:18:37.964998 IP smb.domain.local.netbios-ssn > 001-client.domain.local.49372: . ack 2146 win 100 Here's smb.conf just in case (though don't see how if other machines are working fine): [global] workgroup = MYDOMAIN realm = MYDOMAIN.LOCAL server string = domain|smb share interfaces = eth1 security = ADS password server = 192.168.1.3 log level = 2 log file = /var/log/samba/%m.log smb ports = 139 strict locking = no load printers = No local master = No domain master = No wins server = 192.168.1.3 wins support = Yes idmap uid = 500-10000000 idmap gid = 500-10000000 winbind separator = + winbind enum users = Yes winbind enum groups = Yes winbind use default domain = Yes [samba-share1] comment = SMB Share path = /home/share/smb/ valid users = @"MYDOMAIN+Domain Users" admin users = @"MYDOMAIN+Domain Admins" guest ok = no read only = No create mask = 0765 force directory mode = 0777 Any ideas what else I could try or look for? Or what might be the problem? Thanks.

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WSUS is not using Akamai CDN for syncronisation source

- by Geekman

I've just installed a WSUS onto our network, and I'm currently doing the initial sync. I've found that WSUS does not seem to be talking to an Akamai cache, but rather with MS directly. This is contrary to what I've always thought regarding Windows Update traffic. Tcpdump of our WSUS server doing initial sync... As you can see it's speaking with 65.55.194.221. For me to speak to this IP, I have to go over international transit links. Which is of course not ideal. 8:42:31.279757 IP 65.55.194.221.https > XXXX.XXXX.XXXX.XXXX.50888: Flags [.], seq 4379374:4380834, ack 289611, win 256, length 1460 18:42:31.279759 IP 65.55.194.221.https > XXXX.XXXX.XXXX.XXXX.50888: Flags [.], seq 4380834:4382294, ack 289611, win 256, length 1460 18:42:31.279762 IP 65.55.194.221.https > XXXX.XXXX.XXXX.XXXX.50888: Flags [.], seq 4382294:4383754, ack 289611, win 256, length 1460 18:42:31.279764 IP 65.55.194.221.https > XXXX.XXXX.XXXX.XXXX.50888: Flags [P.], seq 4383754:4384144, ack 289611, win 256, length 390 18:42:31.279793 IP XXXX.XXXX.XXXX.XXXX.50888 > 65.55.194.221.https: Flags [.], ack 4369154, win 23884, length 0 18:42:31.279888 IP XXXX.XXXX.XXXX.XXXX.50888 > 65.55.194.221.https: Flags [.], ack 4377914, win 23884, length 0 18:42:31.280015 IP XXXX.XXXX.XXXX.XXXX.50888 > 65.55.194.221.https: Flags [.], ack 4384144, win 23884, length 0 And yet, if I ping download.windowsupdate.com it seems to resolve to a local (national) Akamai node, just fine: root@some-node:~# ping download.windowsupdate.com PING a26.ms.akamai.net (210.9.88.48) 56(84) bytes of data. 64 bytes from a210-9-88-48.deploy.akamaitechnologies.com (210.9.88.48): icmp_req=1 ttl=59 time=1.02 ms 64 bytes from a210-9-88-48.deploy.akamaitechnologies.com (210.9.88.48): icmp_req=2 ttl=59 time=1.10 ms Why is this? And how can I change that (if possible)? I know that I can manually specify a WSUS source to sync with instead of pick the default MS Update like I currently have... But it seems like I shouldn't have to do this. NOTE: I've haven't confirmed if a WUA speaks with Akamai, just looking at WSUS as all WUAs will use our internal WSUS from now on. We'll be looking to join an IX shortly with the hopes of peering with an Akamai cache and have very fast access to Windows Updates. Before I let this drive my motivations for an IX at all I want to first confirm it's actually possible for WSUS to speak with an Akamai cache. I know this is somewhat networking related, but I feel like it has more to do with WSUS than anything, so someone who knows WSUS better than me will likely be able to figure this out.

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Webserver Responses Hanging

- by drscroogemcduck

From some networks requesting certain images on our webserver is very flakey. I've looked at tcpdumps on both sides and the server sends back part of the file and the client ACKs the TCP packet but the server never receives the ACK. The servers view: 41 19.941136 212.169.34.114 209.20.73.85 TCP 52456 > http [SYN] Seq=0 Win=8192 Len=0 MSS=1460 WS=2 42 19.941136 209.20.73.85 212.169.34.114 TCP http > 52456 [SYN, ACK] Seq=0 Ack=1 Win=5440 Len=0 MSS=1360 46 20.041142 212.169.34.114 209.20.73.85 TCP 52456 > http [ACK] Seq=1 Ack=1 Win=65280 Len=0 47 20.045142 212.169.34.114 209.20.73.85 HTTP GET /map/map/s+74-WBkWk0aR28Yy-YjXA== HTTP/1.1 48 20.045142 209.20.73.85 212.169.34.114 TCP http > 52456 [ACK] Seq=1 Ack=522 Win=6432 Len=0 49 20.045142 209.20.73.85 212.169.34.114 TCP [TCP segment of a reassembled PDU] (Part of the content of the image 2720 bytes. i assume it is reassembled in tcpdump and it is fragmented over the wire.) ** never receives the ACK sent in frame 282 and will eventually resend the tcp segment ** The clients view: 274 26.161773 10.0.16.67 209.20.73.85 TCP 52456 > http [SYN] Seq=0 Win=8192 Len=0 MSS=1460 WS=2 276 26.262867 209.20.73.85 10.0.16.67 TCP http > 52456 [SYN, ACK] Seq=0 Ack=1 Win=5440 Len=0 MSS=1360 277 26.263255 10.0.16.67 209.20.73.85 TCP 52456 > http [ACK] Seq=1 Ack=1 Win=65280 Len=0 278 26.265193 10.0.16.67 209.20.73.85 HTTP GET /map/map/s+74-WBkWk0aR28Yy-YjXA== HTTP/1.1 279 26.365562 209.20.73.85 10.0.16.67 TCP http > 52456 [ACK] Seq=1 Ack=522 Win=6432 Len=0 280 26.368002 209.20.73.85 10.0.16.67 TCP [TCP segment of a reassembled PDU] (Part of the content of the image. Only 1400 bytes.) 282 26.571380 10.0.16.67 209.20.73.85 TCP 52456 > http [ACK] Seq=522 Ack=1361 Win=65280 Len=0 The network we are having trouble with is NATd. Is there any kind of explanation for this weirdness?

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VMware server 2.0 SYN/ACK repeating issues

- by user65579

VMWare Server 2.0.0 Build 122956 I am having some issues with connecting into a guest VM (Ubuntu linux 4.4.3-4 lucid) running under VMware 2.0 on a windows server host. All connections to and from the VM's work fine, except for FTP. I thought the issue was the FTP daemon at first but it has been ruled out that it is not the daemon or the server itself. When you try to connect to the FTP server from outside of the host OS it fails with a "421 Service not available" but when you try and connect from the local VM or from the host OS the connection goes through fine. I have ran many packet sniffs using wireshark/tcpdump from the VM, the host OS, and the client connecting, the most informative is the host OS. I have attached a PNG of the relavant packets that were captured. I viewed some other network traffic that was sniffed (WWW specifically) and it seems to do the same syn/ack repeating but the user doesnt see any issues. I have disabled the firewall and the issues persisits, I have tried with specific allow rules to ensure the data is allowed and no changes. It appears like VMware attempts to do the ICMP redirect and it works, but then it vmware repeats the packets sent so you get 3 syn/ack's for every one syn from the client. Also VMWare appears to be attempting to establish an FTP connection between the HOST OS and the GUEST OS, because I see the second SYN sent from the HOST OS to the GUEST to initiate a new connection, and it get the appropriate SYN/ACK followed by an ACK, but the client never sees any of this from its end. EG. syn from client syn/ack from host OS to client syn/ack from guest OS to client syn/ack from host OS to client The same thing happens when the connection reset is attempted, RST's start being sent and repeated, the server responds with a valid header to continue the FTP handshake but the RST acknowledgement is allready issued and things are closed. I am not 100% if this is a bug in VMware or possibly a VMNetwork missconfiguration. Does anyone have any thoughts on where exactly the issue could be, things to try to verify or rule out? I have linked to a picture of the relevant packets sniffed from the host OS. http://img18.imageshack.us/img18/7789/vmwareftpconnection.jpg

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Windows doesn't get access to internet though linux easily does

- by flashnik

We have a very interesting problem. The network is configured in this way: internet is connected to Trendnet switch TS DHCP server at 192.168.0.1 running on Ubuntu (S) is connected to internet switch DNS is also configured on 192.168.0.1 on S D-Link Wi-Fi boosters are connected to switch TS PCs use D-Link PCI-E Wi-Fi cards to get access to network PCs have both Ubuntu and Windows 7 There are about 40 PCs. When PC is booted to Ubuntu it easily gets access to internet. But when it's booted to Windows 7, it gets a valid IP-address, but doesn't get access to internet. The address, mask, DNS, GW-address are totally the same as when it's booted under Ubuntu. The S is reacheble and pingable. Sometimes when we are lucky the PC gets access to Internet, but after rebooting it can lose it. When PC under Windows has access, it has totally the same settings as when it doesn't. What can be done? UPDATE I shared a dropbox with 2 captures of traffic. Ping.pcap is a capture of pinging 8.8.8.8. And google-browser.pcap is a capture of opening a google.com in a browser, both of them are in tcpdump formats and made by Wireshark on Win PC. The MAC of Win PC ends on b7:63 and IP is 192.168.0.130. UPDATE2 This is ifconfig output from Ubuntu Server eth0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:1e:67:13:d5:8d inet addr:193.200.211.74 Bcast:193.200.211.78 Mask:255.255.255.0 inet6 addr: fe80::21e:67ff:fe13:d58d/64 Scope:Link UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1 RX packets:196284 errors:0 dropped:44 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:190682 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000 RX bytes:158032255 (158.0 MB) TX bytes:156441225 (156.4 MB) Interrupt:19 Memory:c1400000-c1420000 eth0:2 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:1e:67:13:d5:8d inet addr:192.168.0.1 Bcast:192.168.0.254 Mask:255.255.255.0 UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1 Interrupt:19 Memory:c1400000-c1420000 eth1 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:1e:67:13:d5:8c UP BROADCAST MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1 RX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000 RX bytes:0 (0.0 B) TX bytes:0 (0.0 B) Interrupt:16 Memory:c1300000-c1320000 nslookup from Win results in DNS request timeout, nbtstat in 'not found'.

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Conflicting ip routes with local table on attaching a virtual network interface

- by user1071840

I have an EC2 instance with these ip rules: $ sudo ip rule show 0: from all lookup local 32766: from all lookup main 32767: from all lookup default I can attach an elastic network interface to it with a private IP. Say the IP of my machine is 10.1.3.12 and the IP of the interface is 10.1.1.190. As soon as I attach the interface to my machine a new entry is added to the routing policy and local routing table: sudo ip rule show 0: from all lookup local 32765: from 10.1.1.190 lookup 10003 32766: from all lookup main 32767: from all lookup default $ sudo ip route show table local broadcast 10.1.1.0 dev eth3 proto kernel scope link src 10.1.1.190 local 10.1.1.190 dev eth3 proto kernel scope host src 10.1.1.190 broadcast 10.1.1.255 dev eth3 proto kernel scope link src 10.1.1.190 broadcast 10.1.3.0 dev eth0 proto kernel scope link src 10.1.3.12 local 10.1.3.12 dev eth0 proto kernel scope host src 10.1.3.12 broadcast 10.1.3.255 dev eth0 proto kernel scope link src 10.1.3.12 broadcast 127.0.0.0 dev lo proto kernel scope link src 127.0.0.1 local 127.0.0.0/8 dev lo proto kernel scope host src 127.0.0.1 local 127.0.0.1 dev lo proto kernel scope host src 127.0.0.1 broadcast 127.255.255.255 dev lo proto kernel scope link src 127.0.0.1 I can send traffic to this ENI directly from a host that can have the same IP as the host the ENI is attached to. This is where the problem starts. I ran tcpdump on the port in question and saw multiple SYNs going to the ENI with src '10.1.3.12' and destination '10.1.1.190' but didn't see even a single ACK. In my understanding if ACKs were being sent from the ENI they'd have destination as 10.1.3.12 i.e. the same as the local machine's IP and such packets will now be routed as local packets matching local routing policy: local 10.1.3.12 dev eth0 proto kernel scope host src 10.1.3.12 I'd like to send all the packets originating from 10.1.1.190 (my ENI) to go back on the same interface i.e. eth3 in this case. Contents of the nee table 10003 are: $ sudo ip route show table 10003 default via 10.1.1.1 dev eth3 I think I can do the following: I don't know if its possible but probably decrease the priority of local table so the packets match the table 10003. Use iptables to mangle these packets and update the local table route to include the mark information But I'm not sure if these are the right approaches.

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VirtualBox Port Forward not working when Guest IP IS specified (while doc says opposite)

- by Patrick

Trying to port forward from host (Mac OS X) 127.0.0.1:8282 - guest (CentOS)'s 10.10.10.10:8080. Existing port forwards include 127.0.0.1:8181 and 9191 to guest without any IP specified (so whatever it gets through DHCP, as explained in the documentation). Here is how the non-working binding was added: VBoxManage modifyvm "VM name" --natpf1 "rule3,tcp,127.0.0.1,8282,10.10.10.10,8080" Here is how the working ones were added: VBoxManage modifyvm "VM name" --natpf1 "rule1,tcp,127.0.0.1,8181,,80" VBoxManage modifyvm "VM name" --natpf1 "rule2,tcp,127.0.0.1,9191,,9090" And by "non-working", I of course mean not listening (as a prerequisite to forwarding): $ lsof -Pi -n|grep Virtual|grep LISTEN VirtualBo 27050 user 21u IPv4 0x2bbdc68fd363175d 0t0 TCP 127.0.0.1:9191 (LISTEN) VirtualBo 27050 user 22u IPv4 0x2bbdc68fd0e0af75 0t0 TCP 127.0.0.1:8181 (LISTEN) There should be a similar line above but with 127.0.0.1:8282. Just to be clear, this port is listening perfectly fine on the guest itself. And when I remove the guest IP (i.e., clear the 10.10.10.10) the forward works fine, albeit to eth0 (not eth1 where I need it). I can tcpdump and watch the traffic flow back and forth. And yes, I've disabled iptables entirely while testing -- it's not getting blocked anywhere on the guest. As VirtualBox writes in their documentation, you are required to specify the guest IP if it's static (makes sense, no DHCP record it keeps): "If for some reason the guest uses a static assigned IP address not leased from the built-in DHCP server, it is required to specify the guest IP when registering the forwarding rule:". However, doing so (as I need to), seems to break the port forward with nary a report in any log file I can find. (I've reviewed everything in ~/Library/VirtualBox/). Other notes: While I used the above command to add the third rule, I've also verified it showed up correctly in GUI and then removed/re-added from there just to make sure). This forum link -- while very dated -- looks somewhat related in that a port forward to a static IP was not appearing (perhaps they think due to lack of gratuitous arp being sent for host to know IP is there/avail?). Anyway, what gives? Is this still buggy? Any suggestions? If not, easy enough workarounds? What's interesting is that this works perfectly fine on another user's Mac, however he's running a slightly older version (4.3.6 v. 4.3.12).

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Bridging and iptables SNAT conflict

- by sad_admin

Hello I am working on a setup here and have it working with one minor exception. Devices on one side of my bridge aren't getting SNAT'd to the Internet. The Diagram / Overview: Primary_Network (Site_A) | | Internet ------- Linux_Bridge_GW (GW) | | Secondary/CoLo Site (Site_B) Here is the setup: 1.) Site_A has all the production servers and workstations. 2.) Site_B has a set of servers that we would like to fail-over to and also serve our internet facing services from. 3.) GW has two interfaces that are trunked and carrying the appropriate VLAN traffic (allow layer-2 propagation of traffic between sites) //this all works perfectly fine. 4.) The problem that is being encountered is, hosts from Site_B have their default GW at Site_A (same subnet) GW does not have IPs on the VLANs that are being passed. 5.) All hosts at Site_A can reach the Internet without problem. 6.) GW has an addresses on a subnet that is ONLY for Internet destined traffic. (This was done so that Websense would not have to parse unnecessary traffic. We use this VLAN as the monitor port's source on the switch where Websense is sitting). What I think is happening: 1.) Packet/Frame comes in on physdev at Site_B destined for Internet. 2.) Kernel sees packet, and forwards it out the other side of the bridge to that host's default GW. 3.) Site_A (containing core-network's Default-GW) sees that packet is destined for a host it doesn't know about, so it sends it to it's default GW (the linux bridge, since it's Internet bound). 4.) The kernel says "Hey, I've seen you before" and therefore doesn't do SNAT'ing on the packet and sends it out to the Internet where it's black-holed. Why I think it's happening: 1.) A tcpdump on the internet facing NIC shows the packet leaving the interface with the private address as it's source. What I would like: 1.) Have the packet SNAT'd. 2.) Something like the below would be awesome a.) packet comes in from Site_B b.) kernel sees that the packet is NOT destined for itself or any private address c.) kernel says "OK, well since you're destined for the Internet I'm going to send you out this interface rather than forward you to your normal default GW that's WAAAY over there." d.) packet comes in from internet and is sent out the appropriate bridge physdev depending on which site the host it's destined for is at. Thanks for any assistance or guidance that you are willing to offer. Best Regards, Sad Admin

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YouTube Scalability Lessons

- by Bertrand Matthelié

@font-face { font-family: "Arial"; }@font-face { font-family: "Courier New"; }@font-face { font-family: "Wingdings"; }@font-face { font-family: "Calibri"; }@font-face { font-family: "Cambria"; }p.MsoNormal, li.MsoNormal, div.MsoNormal { margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman"; }h2 { margin: 12pt 0cm 3pt; page-break-after: avoid; font-size: 14pt; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-style: italic; }a:link, span.MsoHyperlink { color: blue; text-decoration: underline; }a:visited, span.MsoHyperlinkFollowed { color: purple; text-decoration: underline; }span.Heading2Char { font-family: Calibri; font-weight: bold; font-style: italic; }div.Section1 { page: Section1; }ol { margin-bottom: 0cm; }ul { margin-bottom: 0cm; } Very interesting blog post by Todd Hoff at highscalability.com presenting “7 Years of YouTube Scalability Lessons in 30 min” based on a presentation from Mike Solomon, one of the original engineers at YouTube: …. The key takeaway away of the talk for me was doing a lot with really simple tools. While many teams are moving on to more complex ecosystems, YouTube really does keep it simple. They program primarily in Python, use MySQL as their database, they’ve stuck with Apache, and even new features for such a massive site start as a very simple Python program. That doesn’t mean YouTube doesn’t do cool stuff, they do, but what makes everything work together is more a philosophy or a way of doing things than technological hocus pocus. What made YouTube into one of the world’s largest websites? Read on and see... Stats @font-face { font-family: "Arial"; }@font-face { font-family: "Cambria"; }p.MsoNormal, li.MsoNormal, div.MsoNormal { margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman"; }div.Section1 { page: Section1; } 4 billion Views a day 60 hours of video is uploaded every minute 350+ million devices are YouTube enabled Revenue double in 2010 The number of videos has gone up 9 orders of magnitude and the number of developers has only gone up two orders of magnitude. 1 million lines of Python code Stack @font-face { font-family: "Arial"; }@font-face { font-family: "Cambria"; }p.MsoNormal, li.MsoNormal, div.MsoNormal { margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman"; }div.Section1 { page: Section1; } Python - most of the lines of code for YouTube are still in Python. Everytime you watch a YouTube video you are executing a bunch of Python code. Apache - when you think you need to get rid of it, you don’t. Apache is a real rockstar technology at YouTube because they keep it simple. Every request goes through Apache. Linux - the benefit of Linux is there’s always a way to get in and see how your system is behaving. No matter how bad your app is behaving, you can take a look at it with Linux tools like strace and tcpdump. MySQL - is used a lot. When you watch a video you are getting data from MySQL. Sometime it’s used a relational database or a blob store. It’s about tuning and making choices about how you organize your data. Vitess- a new project released by YouTube, written in Go, it’s a frontend to MySQL. It does a lot of optimization on the fly, it rewrites queries and acts as a proxy. Currently it serves every YouTube database request. It’s RPC based. Zookeeper - a distributed lock server. It’s used for configuration. Really interesting piece of technology. Hard to use correctly so read the manual Wiseguy - a CGI servlet container. Spitfire - a templating system. It has an abstract syntax tree that let’s them do transformations to make things go faster. Serialization formats - no matter which one you use, they are all expensive. Measure. Don’t use pickle. Not a good choice. Found protocol buffers slow. They wrote their own BSON implementation, which is 10-15 time faster than the one you can download. ...Contiues. Read the blog Watch the video

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Compiling program that uses libpcap on Mac OSX using iPhone 3.1.1 SDK for use on iPhone

- by Alan

Hey SOV users, I have a question that I'm hoping some iPhone Developers may be able to help with. I had a look at statically compiling a binary on my Mac and moving it over to the iPhone for execution. I have managed to get this bit of it working by installing the iPhone 3.1.3 SDK on my Mac and setting the architecture to the iPhone in the gcc line as follows; /Developer/Platforms/iPhoneOS.platform/Developer/usr/bin/gcc -I ~/Downloads/libpcap-1.1.1/pcap-compiled/ -arch armv6 -isysroot /Developer/Platforms/iPhoneOS.platform/Developer/SDKs/iPhoneOS2.1.sdk -o test test.c I have managed to successfully compile a "Hello World" C program and executed it on the iPhone with success. e.g. include int main() { printf("Hello, World!\n"); return(0); } This worked a charm. I am also using 'ldid' to sign the application (but only if necessary). Anyways, I have been trying to get a program to compile which uses libpcap (http://www.tcpdump.org/) but with little success. I have downloaded and installed libpcap-1.1.1 on my mac and set the configure --prefix to /Developer/Platforms/iPhoneOS.platform/Developer/SDKs/iPhoneOS2.1.sdk/usr/local and build the application. I then saw that the includes actually reside in Developer/Platforms/iPhoneOS.platform/Developer/SDKs/iPhoneOS2.1.sdk/usr/includes and so moved the Developer/Platforms/iPhoneOS.platform/Developer/SDKs/iPhoneOS2.1.sdk/usr/local/include files (which contained only the pcap stuff) to the correct location. I then attempted to compile the test program using; /Developer/Platforms/iPhoneOS.platform/Developer/usr/bin/gcc -I /Developer/Platforms/iPhoneOS.platform/Developer/SDKs/iPhoneOS3.1.3.sdk/usr/include/ -arch armv6 -isysroot /Developer/Platforms/iPhoneOS.platform/Developer/SDKs/iPhoneOS2.1.sdk -o pcap pcap.c -lpcap This worked a lot better than other tests but produces an error; i.e. ld: library not found for -lcrt1.o collect2: ld returned 1 exit status Do you have any ideas as to how I can do this successfully? I've tried a load of different things but none seem to be successful. Basically, I just want to install (or add) some headers to the existing iPhoneOS SDK for use in compiling programs. Any ideas? Cheers, A

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Importing Conditionally Compiled Functions From a Perl Module

- by Robert S. Barnes

I have a set of logging and debugging functions which I want to use across multiple modules / objects. I'd like to be able to turn them on / off globally using a command line switch. The following code does this, however, I would like to be able to omit the package name and keep everything in a single file. This is related to two previous questions I asked, here and here. #! /usr/bin/perl -w use strict; use Getopt::Long; { package LogFuncs; use threads; use Time::HiRes qw( gettimeofday ); # provide tcpdump style time stamp sub _gf_time { my ( $seconds, $microseconds ) = gettimeofday(); my @time = localtime($seconds); return sprintf( "%02d:%02d:%02d.%06ld", $time[2], $time[1], $time[0], $microseconds ); } sub logerr; sub compile { my %params = @_; *logerr = $params{do_logging} ? sub { my $msg = shift; warn _gf_time() . " Thread " . threads->tid() . ": $msg\n"; } : sub { }; } } { package FooObj; sub new { my $class = shift; bless {}, $class; }; sub foo_work { my $self = shift; # do some foo work LogFuncs::logerr($self); } } { package BarObj; sub new { my $class = shift; my $data = { fooObj => FooObj->new() }; bless $data, $class; } sub bar_work { my $self = shift; $self->{fooObj}->foo_work(); LogFuncs::logerr($self); } } my $do_logging = 0; GetOptions( "do_logging" => \$do_logging, ); LogFuncs::compile(do_logging => $do_logging); my $bar = BarObj->new(); LogFuncs::logerr("Created $bar"); $bar->bar_work();

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Issue in setting up VPN connection (IKEv1) using android (ICS vpn client) with Strongswan 4.5.0 server

- by Kushagra Bhatnagar

I am facing issues in setting up VPN connection(IKEv1) using android (ICS vpn client) and Strongswan 4.5.0 server. Below is the set up: Strongswan server is running on ubuntu linux machine which is connected to some wifi hotspot. Using the steps in this guide link, I generated CA, server and client certificate. Once certificates are generated, following (clientCert.p12 and caCert.pem) are sent to mobile via mail and installed on android device. Below are the ip addresses assigned to various interfaces Linux server wlan0 interface ip where server is running: 192.168.43.212, android device eth0 interface ip address: 192.168.43.62; Android device is also attached with the same wifi hotspot. On the Android device, I uses IPsec Xauth RSA option for setting up VPN authentication configuration. I am using the following ipsec.conf configuration: # basic configuration config setup plutodebug=all # crlcheckinterval=600 # strictcrlpolicy=yes # cachecrls=yes nat_traversal=yes # charonstart=yes plutostart=yes # Add connections here. # Sample VPN connections conn ios1 keyexchange=ikev1 authby=xauthrsasig xauth=server left=%defaultroute leftsubnet=0.0.0.0/0 leftfirewall=yes leftcert=serverCert.pem right=192.168.43.62 rightsubnet=10.0.0.0/24 rightsourceip=10.0.0.2 rightcert=clientCert.pem pfs=no auto=add With the above configurations when I enable VPN on android device, VPN connection is not successful and it gets timed out in Authentication phase. I ran wireshark on both the android device and strongswan server, from the tcpdump below are the observations. Initially Identity Protection (Main mode) exchanges happens between device and server and all are successful. After all successful Identity Protection (Main mode) exchanges server is sending Transaction (Config mode) to device. In reply android device is sending Informational message instead of Transaction (Config mode) message. Further server is keep on sending Transaction (Config mode) message and device is again sending Identity Protection (Main mode) messages. Finally timeout happens and connection fails. I also capture Strongswan server logs and below are the snippets from the server logs which also verifies the same(described above). Apr 27 21:09:40 Linux pluto[12105]: | **parse ISAKMP Message: Apr 27 21:09:40 Linux pluto[12105]: | initiator cookie: Apr 27 21:09:40 Linux pluto[12105]: | 06 fd 61 b8 86 82 df ed Apr 27 21:09:40 Linux pluto[12105]: | responder cookie: Apr 27 21:09:40 Linux pluto[12105]: | 73 7a af 76 74 f0 39 8b Apr 27 21:09:40 Linux pluto[12105]: | next payload type: ISAKMP_NEXT_HASH Apr 27 21:09:40 Linux pluto[12105]: | ISAKMP version: ISAKMP Version 1.0 Apr 27 21:09:40 Linux pluto[12105]: | exchange type: ISAKMP_XCHG_INFO Apr 27 21:09:40 Linux pluto[12105]: | flags: ISAKMP_FLAG_ENCRYPTION Apr 27 21:09:40 Linux pluto[12105]: | message ID: a2 80 ad 82 Apr 27 21:09:40 Linux pluto[12105]: | length: 92 Apr 27 21:09:40 Linux pluto[12105]: | ICOOKIE: 06 fd 61 b8 86 82 df ed Apr 27 21:09:40 Linux pluto[12105]: | RCOOKIE: 73 7a af 76 74 f0 39 8b Apr 27 21:09:40 Linux pluto[12105]: | peer: c0 a8 2b 3e Apr 27 21:09:40 Linux pluto[12105]: | state hash entry 25 Apr 27 21:09:40 Linux pluto[12105]: | state object not found Apr 27 21:09:40 Linux pluto[12105]: packet from 192.168.43.62:500: Informational Exchange is for an unknown (expired?) SA Apr 27 21:09:40 Linux pluto[12105]: | next event EVENT_RETRANSMIT in 10 seconds for #9 Can anyone please provide update on this issue. Why the VPN connection gets timed out and why the ISAKMP exchanges are not proper between Android and strongswan server.

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Server currently under DDOS, not sure what to do

- by Volex

My web server is currently under a DDOS attack I believe, the messages log is full of these kind of messages: May 13 15:51:19 kernel: nf_conntrack: table full, dropping packet. May 13 15:51:19 last message repeated 9 times May 13 15:51:24 kernel: __ratelimit: 78 callbacks suppressed May 13 15:51:24 kernel: nf_conntrack: table full, dropping packet. May 13 15:52:06 kernel: possible SYN flooding on port 80. Sending cookies. and a netstat has a huge amount of the following: tcp 0 0 my.host.com:http bb176da0.virtua.com.br:4998 SYN_RECV tcp 0 0 my.host.com:http 187.0.43.109:2694 SYN_RECV tcp 0 0 my.host.com:http 109.229.4.145:1722 SYN_RECV tcp 0 0 my.host.com:http 189-84-163-244.sodobr:63267 SYN_RECV tcp 0 0 my.host.com:http bd66839d.virtua.com.br:3469 SYN_RECV tcp 0 0 my.host.com:http 69.101.56.190.dsl.int:52552 SYN_RECV tcp 0 0 my.host.com:http pc-62-230-47-190.cm.vt:2262 SYN_RECV tcp 0 0 my.host.com:http 189-84-163-244.sodobr:63418 SYN_RECV tcp 0 0 my.host.com:http pc-62-230-47-190.cm.vt:1741 SYN_RECV tcp 0 0 my.host.com:http zaq3d739320.zaq.ne.jp:2141 SYN_RECV tcp 0 0 my.host.com:http netacc-gpn-4-80-73.po:52676 SYN_RECV tcpdump shows: 7:11:08.564510 IP 187-4-1xx-4.xxx.ipd.brasiltelecom.net.br.54821 > my.host.com.http: S 999692166:999692166(0) win 65535 <mss 1452,nop,nop,sackOK> 17:11:08.566347 IP 114-44-171-67.dynamic.hinet.net.1129 > my.host.com.http: S 605369055:605369055(0) win 65535 <mss 1440,nop,nop,sackOK> 17:11:08.570210 IP 200-101-13-130.pvoce300.ipd.brasiltelecom.net.br.5590 > my.host.com.http: S 2813379182:2813379182(0) win 16384 <mss 1460,nop,nop,sackOK> 17:11:08.571290 IP dsl-189-143-30-99-dyn.prod-infinitum.com.mx.1615 > my.host.com.http: S 281542700:281542700(0) win 65535 <mss 1452,nop,nop,sackOK> 17:11:08.583847 IP dsl-189-143-30-99-dyn.prod-infinitum.com.mx.1617 > my.host.com.http: S 499413892:499413892(0) win 65535 <mss 1452,nop,nop,sackOK> 17:11:08.588680 IP 170.51.229.112.2569 > my.host.com.http: S 2195084898:2195084898(0) win 65535 <mss 1460,nop,nop,sackOK> 17:11:08.588773 IP gw2-1.211.ru.3180 > my.host.com.http: F 2315901786:2315901786(0) ack 2620913033 win 64240 17:11:08.590656 IP 200-101-13-130.pvoce300.ipd.brasiltelecom.net.br.5614 > my.host.com.http: S 2813715032:2813715032(0) win 16384 <mss 1460,nop,nop,sackOK> 17:11:08.591212 IP 203.82.82.54.15848 > my.host.com.http: S 4070423507:4070423507(0) win 16384 <mss 1400,nop,nop,sackOK> 17:11:08.591254 IP 203.82.82.54.2545 > my.host.com.http: S 1790910784:1790910784(0) win 16384 <mss 1400,nop,nop,sackOK> 17:11:08.591289 IP 203.82.82.54.28306 > my.host.com.http: S 578615626:578615626(0) win 16384 <mss 1400,nop,nop,sackOK> 17:11:08.591591 IP gw2-1.211.ru.3191 > my.host.com.http: F 2316435991:2316435991(0) ack 2634205972 win 64240 17:11:08.591790 IP 200-101-13-130.pvoce300.ipd.brasiltelecom.net.br.5593 > my.host.com.http: S 2813659017:2813659017(0) win 16384 <mss 1460,nop,nop,sackOK> 17:11:08.593691 IP gw2-1.211.ru.3203 > my.host.com.http: F 2316834420:2316834420(0) ack 2629074987 win 64240 I'm not sure what I can do to limit/mitigate this, currently no webpages are being served, any help gratefully appreciated.

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