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• linker error in simple program: multiple definition of function

  - by BillyJean

  My function test is added to two different .cpp-files and the functions are private to their respective files as shown below test1.cpp #include <iostream> using namespace std; void test() { cout << "test" << endl; } test2.cpp #include <iostream> using namespace std; void test() { cout << "test" << endl; } main.cpp #include <iostream> using namespace std; int main() { return 0; } During linking I get the error multiple definition of test() - but how is that possible, considering that the two files have their own private scope!? I could understand it if I included the function prototype in each .cpp-files' corresponding header, but there is no such thing in this example.

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• bash : recursive listing of all files problem

  - by Michael Mao

  Run a recursive listing of all the files in /var/log and redirect standard output to a file called lsout.txt in your home directory. Complete this question WITHOUT leaving your home directory. An: ls -R /var/log/ /home/bqiu/lsout.txt I reckon the above bash command is not correct. This is what I've got so far: $ ls -1R .: cal.sh cokemachine.sh dir sort test.sh ./dir: afile.txt file subdir ./dir/subdir: $ ls -R | sed s/^.*://g cal.sh cokemachine.sh dir sort test.sh afile.txt file subdir But this still leaves all directory/sub-directory names (dir and subdir), plus a couple of empty newlines How could I get the correct result without using Perl or awk? Preferably using only basic bash commands(this is just because Perl and awk is out of assessment scope)

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• How to add a property to a module in boost::python?

  - by Checkers

  You can add a property to a class using a getter and a setter (in a simplistic case): class<X>("X") .add_property("foo", &X::get_foo, &X::set_foo); But how to add a property to a module itself (not a class)? There is scope().attr("globalAttr") = ??? something ??? and def("globalAttr", ??? something ???); I can add global functions and objects of my class using the above two ways, but can't seem to add properties the same way as in classes.

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• Object oriented design of game in Java: How to handle a party of NPCs?

  - by Arvanem

  Hi folks, I'm making a very simple 2D RPG in Java. My goal is to do this in as simple code as possible. Stripped down to basics, my class structure at the moment is like this: Physical objects have an x and y dimension. Roaming objects are physical objects that can move(). Humanoid objects are roaming objects that have inventories of GameItems. The Player is a singleton humanoid object that can hire up to 4 NPC Humanoids to join his or her party, and do other actions, such as fight non-humanoid objects. NPC Humanoids can be hired by the Player object to join his or her party, and once hired can fight for the Player. So far I have given the Player class a "party" ArrayList of NPC Humanoids, and the NPC Humanoids class a "hired" Boolean. However, my fight method is clunky, using an if to check the party size before implementing combat, e.g. public class Player extends Humanoids { private ArrayList<Humanoids> party; // GETTERS AND SETTERS for party here //... public void fightEnemy(Enemy eneObj) { if (this.getParty().size() == 0) // Do combat without party issues else if (this.getParty().size() == 1) // Do combat with party of 1 else if (this.getParty().size() == 2) // Do combat with party of 2 // etc. My question is, thinking in object oriented design, am I on the right track to do this in as simple code as possible? Is there a better way?

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• How would I best address this object type heirachy? Some kind of enum heirarchy?

  - by FerretallicA

  I'm curious as to any solutions out there for addressing object heirarchies in an ORM approach (in this instance, using Entity Framework 4). I'm working through some docs on EF4 and trying to apply it to a simple inventory tracking program. The possible types for inventory to fall into are as follows: INVENTORY ITEM TYPES: Hardware PC Desktop Server Laptop Accessory Input (keyboards, scanners etc) Output (monitors, printers etc) Storage (USB sticks, tape drives etc) Communication (network cards, routers etc) Software What recommendations are there for handling enums in a situation like this? Are enums even the solution? I don't really want to have a ridiculously normalised database for such a relatively simple experiment (eg tables for InventoryType, InventorySubtype, InventoryTypeToSubtype etc). I don't really want to over-complicate my data model with each subtype being inherited even though no additional properties or methods are included (except PC types which would ideally have associated accessories and software but that's probably out of scope here). It feels like there should be a really simple, elegant solution to this but I can't put my finger on it. Any assistance or input appreciated!

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• How can I refactor this to use an inline function or template instead of a macro?

  - by BillyONeal

  Hello, everyone :) I have a useful macro here: #define PATH_PREFIX_RESOLVE(path, prefix, environment) \ if (boost::algorithm::istarts_with(path, prefix)) { \ ExpandEnvironmentStringsW(environment, buffer, MAX_PATH); \ path.replace(0, (sizeof(prefix)/sizeof(wchar_t)) - 1, buffer); \ if (Exists(path)) return path; \ } It's used about 6 times within the scope of a single function (that's it), but macros seem to have "bad karma" :P Anyway, the problem here is the sizeof(prefix) part of the macro. If I just replace this with a function taking a const wchar_t[], then the sizeof() will fail to deliver expected results. Simply adding a size member doesn't really solve the problem either. Making the user supply the size of the constant literal also results in a mess of duplicated constants at the call site. Any ideas on this one?

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• What data structure to use / data persistence

  - by Dave

  I have an app where I need one table of information with the following fields: field 1 - int or char field 2 - string (max 10 char) field 3 - string (max 20 char) field 4 - float I need the program to filter on field 1 based upon a segmented control and select a field 2 from a picker. From this data I need to look up field 4 to use in a calculation. Total records will be about 200. I never see it go above 400 - 500. I am going to use a singleton which I am able to do, I just need help with the structure for this with data persistence. What type of data structure should I use for this and should I use NSNumber, NSString, etc. or old data types like float, Char, etc. I thought about a struct put into an array but there is probably a better way. This is new to me so any help or reference to examples would be great. I also thought about a plist or dictionary but it looks like it is just a lookup and a field which obviously won't work. Core data looked like overkill to me. Also, with any recommendation how should I get initial data into it? I want the user to be able to edit and add to the database. Sorry for the old terms, you can see what generation I am from... Thanks in advance!!!!

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• C# how to correctly dispose of an SmtpClient?

  - by JL

  VS 2010 code analysis reports the following: Warning 4 CA2000 : Microsoft.Reliability : In method 'Mailer.SendMessage()', object 'client' is not disposed along all exception paths. Call System.IDisposable.Dispose on object 'client' before all references to it are out of scope. My code is : public void SendMessage() { SmtpClient client = new SmtpClient(); client.Send(Message); client.Dispose(); DisposeAttachments(); } How should I correctly dispose of client? Update: to answer Jons question, here is the dispose attachments functionality: private void DisposeAttachments() { foreach (Attachment attachment in Message.Attachments) { attachment.Dispose(); } Message.Attachments.Dispose(); Message = null; }

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• Question about migrating from ASP .NET User Controls to .NET 3.5 Master Page technology

  - by Jim McFetridge

  When migrating from an ASP .NET user control -based page with a header, footer, and menu to a Master Page using the same HTML mark-up, is it normal for CSS or javascript behaviors to change slightly? In particular, the submenu bar text now appears run together (which looks like a CSS symptom) and the graphics on the line above it appear to have an incorrect z-order. (The menu operation is javascript-based.) (I tried to paste images here but couldn't.) Also, the site is very large and we've not been given permission to redo the menu for the entire site. This is a forward-only migration. (Because I know that someone will ask.) Assuming that there are no changes in scope, what are the things that I should check? Thanks! Jim

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• Castle Windsor, Fluent Nhibernate, and Automapping Isession closed problem

  - by SImon

  I'm new to the whole castle Windsor, Nhibernate, Fluent and Automapping stack so excuse my ignorance here. I didn't want to post another question on this as it seems there are already a huge number of questions that try to get a solution the Windsor nhib Isession management problem, but none of them have solved my problem so far. I am still getting a ISession is closed exception when I'm trying to call to the Db from my Repositories,Here is my container setup code. container.AddFacility<FactorySupportFacility>() .Register( Component.For<ISessionFactory>() .LifeStyle.Singleton .UsingFactoryMethod(() => Fluently.Configure() .Database( MsSqlConfiguration.MsSql2005. ConnectionString( c => c.Database("DbSchema").Server("Server").Username("UserName").Password("password"))) .Mappings ( m => m.AutoMappings.Add ( AutoMap.AssemblyOf<Message>(cfg) .Override<Client>(map => { map.HasManyToMany(x => x.SICCodes).Table("SICRefDataToClient"); }) .IgnoreBase<BaseEntity>() .Conventions.Add(DefaultCascade.SaveUpdate()) .Conventions.Add(new StringColumnLengthConvention(),new EnumConvention()) .Conventions.Add(new EnumConvention()) .Conventions.Add(DefaultLazy.Never()) ) ) .ExposeConfiguration(ConfigureValidator) .ExposeConfiguration(BuildDatabase) .BuildSessionFactory() as SessionFactoryImpl), Component.For<ISession>().LifeStyle.PerWebRequest.UsingFactoryMethod(kernel => kernel.Resolve<ISessionFactory>().OpenSession() )); In my repositories i inject private readonly ISession session; and use it as followes public User GetUser(int id) { User u; u = session.Get<User>(id); if (u != null && u.Id > 0) { NHibernateUtil.Initialize(u.UserDocuments); } return u; in my web.config inside <httpModules>. i have also added this line <add name="PerRequestLifestyle" type="Castle.MicroKernel.Lifestyle.PerWebRequestLifestyleModule, Castle.Windsor"/> I'm i still missing part of the puzzle here, i can't believe that this is such a complex thing to configure for a basic need of any web application development with nHibernate and castle Windsor. I have been trying to follow the code here windsor-nhibernate-isession-mvc and i posted my question there as they seemed to have the exact same issue but mine is not resolved.

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• Scala Lift - Robust method to protect files from hotlinking

  - by sirjamm

  I'm attempting to implement a way to stop hotlinking and/or un-authorised access to resources within my app. The method I'm trying to add is something I've used before in PHP apps. Basically a session is set when the page is first called. The images are added to the page via the image tag with the session value as a parameter: <img src="/files/image/[handle]?session=12345" /> When the image is requested the script checks to see if the session is set and matches the provided value. If the condition is not met the serving page returns null. Right at the end to the code I unset the session so further requests from outside the scope of the page will return null. What would be the best implementation of this method within the lift framework? Thanks in advance for any help, much appreciated :)

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• to_xml with :only and :methods

  - by Jake

  I'm calling to_xml on an ActiveRecord object with both :only and :methods parameters. The method that I'm including returns a collection for AR objects. This works fine without the :only param, but when that is added I just get the default to_s representation of my objects. i.e <author><books>#&lt;Book:0x107753228&gt;</books>\n</author> Any ideas? Update, here is the code: class Author < ActiveRecord::Base def books #this is a named scope products.by_type(:book) end end Author.to_xml(:methods => :books, :only => :id)

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• NHibernate transaction management in ASP.NET MVC - how should it be done?

  - by adrin

  I am writing a simple ASP.NET MVC using session per request and transaction per request patterns (custom HttpModule). It seems to work properly, but.. the performance is terrible (a simple page loads ~7 seconds). For every http request, graphical resources incuding (all images on the site) a transaction is created and that seems to delay the loading times (without the transactions loading times per one image are ~1-10 ms with transactions they are over 1 second). What is the proper way to manage transactions in ASP.NET MVC + NH stack? When i've put all transactions into my repository methods, for some obscure reasons I got 'implicit transactions' warning in NHProf (the SQL statements were executed outside transaction, even that in code session.Save()/Update()/etc methods were invoked within transaction 'using' scope and before transaction.Commit() call) BTW are implicit transactions really bad?

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• How to receive userinfo with google adwords api libraries

  - by PatrickvKleef

  I'm using the Google Adwords API libraries and I would like to receive the userinfo of the logged in user. I added the userinfo scope as followed: googleAdwordsUser = new AdWordsUser(); string oauth_callback_url = HttpContext.Current.Request.Url.GetLeftPart(UriPartial.Path); googleAdwordsUser.OAuthProvider = new AdsOAuthNetProvider("https://adwords-sandbox.google.com/api/adwords/ https://www.googleapis.com/auth/userinfo.email", oauth_callback_url, Session.SessionID); When the callback url is called, I'm trying to get the users emailaddress, but it isn't working, the error 'The remote server returned an error: (401) Unauthorized.' is thrown. string url = @"https://www.googleapis.com/oauth2/v2/userinfo?access_token=" + token; HttpWebRequest objRequest = (HttpWebRequest)WebRequest.Create(url); objRequest.Method = "GET"; HttpWebResponse objResponse = (HttpWebResponse)objRequest.GetResponse(); string result = string.Empty; using (StreamReader sr = new StreamReader(objResponse.GetResponseStream())) { result = sr.ReadToEnd(); } Does somebody knows how to fix this? Thanks.

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• Compilation issues using scalaz's MA methods on Set but not List

  - by oxbow_lakes

  The following compiles just fine using scala Beta1 and scalaz snapshot 5.0: val p1: Int => Boolean = (i : Int) => i > 4 val s: List[Int] = List(1, 2, 3) val b1 = s ? p1 And yet this does not: val s: Set[Int] = Set(1, 2, 3) val b1 = s ? p1 I get the following error: Found: Int = Boolean Required: Boolean = Boolean The signature of the ? method is: def ?(p: A => Boolean)(implicit r: FoldRight[M]): Boolean = any(p) And there should be an implicit SetFoldRight in scope. It is exactly the same for the methods: ?, ? and ?: - what is going on?

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• How do I start up an NSRunLoop, and ensure that it has an NSAutoreleasePool that gets emptied?

  - by Nick Forge

  I have a "sync" task that relies on several "sub-tasks", which include asynchronous network operations, but which all require access to a single NSManagedObjectContext. Due to the threading requirements of NSManagedObjectContexts, I need every one of these sub-tasks to execute on the same thread. Due to the amount of processing being done in some of these tasks, I need them to be on a background thread. At the moment, I'm launching a new thread by doing this in my singleton SyncEngine object's -init method: [self performSelectorInBackground:@selector(initializeSyncThread) withObject:nil]; The -initializeSyncThread method looks like this: - (void)initializeSyncThread { self.syncThread = [NSThread currentThread]; self.managedObjectContext = [(MyAppDelegate *)[UIApplication sharedApplication].delegate createManagedObjectContext]; NSRunLoop *runLoop = [NSRunLoop currentRunLoop]; [runLoop run]; } Is this the correct way to start up the NSRunLoop for this thread? Is there a better way to do it? The run loop only needs to handle 'performSelector' sources, and it (and its thread) should be around for the lifetime of the process. When it comes to setting up an NSAutoreleasePool, should I do this by using Run Loop Observers to create the autorelease pool and drain it after every run-through?

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• JavaScript function binding (this keyword) is lost after assignment

  - by Ding

  this is one of most mystery feature in JavaScript, after assigning the object method to other variable, the binding (this keyword) is lost var john = { name: 'John', greet: function(person) { alert("Hi " + person + ", my name is " + this.name); } }; john.greet("Mark"); // Hi Mark, my name is John var fx = john.greet; fx("Mark"); // Hi Mark, my name is my question is: 1) what is happening behind the assignment? var fx = john.greet; is this copy by value or copy by reference? fx and john.greet point to two diferent function, right? 2) since fx is a global method, the scope chain contains only global object. what is the value of this property in Variable object?

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• Rails AR validates_uniqueness_of against polymorphic relationship

  - by aaronrussell

  Is it posible to validate the uniqueness of a child model's attribute scoped against a polymorphic relationship? For example I have a model called field that belongs to fieldable: class Field < ActiveRecord::Base belongs_to :fieldable, :polymorphic => :true validates_uniqueness_of :name, :scope => :fieldable_id end I have several other models (Pages, Items) which have many Fields. So what I want is to validate the uniqueness of the field name against the parent model, but the problem is that occasionally a Page and an Item share the same ID number, causing the validations to fail when they shouldn't. Am I just doing this wrong or is there a better way to do this?

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• How to sort in-place using the merge sort algorithm?

  - by eSKay

  I know the question is too open. All I want is someone to tell me how to convert a normal merge sort into an in-place merge sort (or a merge sort with constant extra space overhead). All I can find (on the net) is pages saying "it is too complex" or "out of scope of this text". "The only known ways to merge in-place (without any extra space) are too complex to be reduced to practical program." (from here) Even if it is too complex, can somebody outline the basic concept of how to make the merge sort in-place?

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• Considerations when architecting an application using Dependency Injection

  - by Dan Bryant

  I've begun experimenting with dependency injection (in particular, MEF) for one of my projects, which has a number of different extensibility points. I'm starting to get a feel for what I can do with MEF, but I'd like to hear from others who have more experience with the technology. A few specific cases: My main use case at the moment is exposing various singleton-like services that my extensions make use of. My Framework assembly exposes service interfaces and my Engine assembly contains concrete implementations. This works well, but I may not want to allow all of my extensions to have access to all of my services. Is there a good way within MEF to limit which particular imports I allow a newly instantiated extension to resolve? This particular application has extension objects that I repeatedly instantiate. I can import multiple types of Controllers and Machines, which are instantiated in different combinations for a Project. I couldn't find a good way to do this with MEF, so I'm doing my own type discovery and instantiation. Is there a good way to do this within MEF or other DI frameworks? I welcome input on any other things to watch out for or surprising capabilities you've discovered that have changed the way you architect.

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• Block declared variable visible outside?

  - by fuzzygoat

  If I declare a variable within a block (see below) is there a way to specify that its visible outside the block if need be? if(turbine_RPM > 0) { int intResult = [sensorNumber:1]; NSNumber *result = [NSNumber numberWithInt:intResult]; } return result; or is the way just to declare outside the block scope? NSNumber *result; if(turbine_RPM > 0) { int intResult = [sensorNumber:1]; result = [NSNumber numberWithInt:intResult]; } return result; many thanks gary

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• Several appdomains calling the same unmanged dll

  - by Mr. T.

  Our .NET 3.5 C# application creates multiple appdomains. Each appdomain loads the same unmanaged 3rd party dll. This dll reads a configuration file upon initialization. If the configuration changes during runtime, the dll must be unloaded and loaded again. This dll is not in our scope to rewrite correctly. Does each appdomain have access to a separtate copy of this unmanaged dll, or does Windows keep one copy of the dll and maintain a usage count? If the latter is is the case, how do we get each instance of the unmanaged dll to reflect its unique configuration?

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• Retrieving accessors in IronRuby

  - by rsteckly

  I'm trying to figure out how to retrieve the value stored in the Person class. The problem is just that after I define an instance of the Person class, I don't know how to retrieve it within the IronRuby code because the instance name is in the .NET part. /*class Person attr_accessor :name def initialize(strname) self.name=strname end end*/ //We start the DLR, in this case starting the Ruby version ScriptEngine engine = IronRuby.Ruby.CreateEngine(); ScriptScope scope = engine.ExecuteFile("c:\\Users\\ron\\RubymineProjects\\untitled\\person.rb"); //We get the class type object person = engine.Runtime.Globals.GetVariable("Person"); //We create an instance object marcy = engine.Operations.CreateInstance(person, "marcy");

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• Need help with WCF design

  - by Jason

  I have been tasked with creating a set of web services. We are a Microsoft shop, so I will be using WCF for this project. There is an interesting design consideration that I haven't been able to figure out a solution for yet. I'll try to explain it with an example: My WCF service exposes a method named Foo(). 10 different users call Foo() at roughly the same time. I have 5 special resources called R1, R2, R3, R4, and R5. We don't really need to know what the resource is, other than the fact that a particular resource can only be in use by one caller at a time. Foo() is responsible to performing an action using one of these special resources. So, in a round-robin fashion, Foo() needs to find a resource that is not in use. If no resources are available, it must wait for one to be freed up. At first, this seems like an easy task. I could maybe create a singleton that keeps track of which resources are currently in use. The big problem is the fact that I need this solution to be viable in a web farm scenario. I'm sure there is a good solution to this problem, but I've just never run across this scenario before. I need some sort of resource tracker / provider that can be shared between multiple WCF hosts. Any ideas from the architects out there would be greatly appreciated!

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• Action Filter Dependency Injection in ASP.NET MVC 3 RC2 with StructureMap

  - by Ben

  Hi, I've been playing with the DI support in ASP.NET MVC RC2. I have implemented session per request for NHibernate and need to inject ISession into my "Unit of work" action filter. If I reference the StructureMap container directly (ObjectFactory.GetInstance) or use DependencyResolver to get my session instance, everything works fine: ISession Session { get { return DependencyResolver.Current.GetService<ISession>(); } } However if I attempt to use my StructureMap filter provider (inherits FilterAttributeFilterProvider) I have problems with committing the NHibernate transaction at the end of the request. It is as if ISession objects are being shared between requests. I am seeing this frequently as all my images are loaded via an MVC controller so I get 20 or so NHibernate sessions created on a normal page load. I added the following to my action filter: ISession Session { get { return DependencyResolver.Current.GetService<ISession>(); } } public ISession SessionTest { get; set; } public override void OnResultExecuted(System.Web.Mvc.ResultExecutedContext filterContext) { bool sessionsMatch = (this.Session == this.SessionTest); SessionTest is injected using the StructureMap Filter provider. I found that on a page with 20 images, "sessionsMatch" was false for 2-3 of the requests. My StructureMap configuration for session management is as follows: For<ISessionFactory>().Singleton().Use(new NHibernateSessionFactory().GetSessionFactory()); For<ISession>().HttpContextScoped().Use(ctx => ctx.GetInstance<ISessionFactory>().OpenSession()); In global.asax I call the following at the end of each request: public Global() { EndRequest += (sender, e) => { ObjectFactory.ReleaseAndDisposeAllHttpScopedObjects(); }; } Is this configuration thread safe? Previously I was injecting dependencies into the same filter using a custom IActionInvoker. This worked fine until MVC 3 RC2 when I started experiencing the problem above, which is why I thought I would try using a filter provider instead. Any help would be appreciated Ben P.S. I'm using NHibernate 3 RC and the latest version of StructureMap

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