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• Is it possible to get a truly unique id for a particular JVM instance?

  - by Uri

  I need a way to uniquely and permanently identify an instance of the JVM from within Java code running in that JVM. That is, if I have two JVMs running at the same time on the same machine, each is distinguishable. It is also distinguishable from running JVMs on other machines and from future executions on the same machine even if the process id is reused. I figure I could implement something like this by identifying the start time, the machine MAC, and the process id, and combining them in some way. I'm wondering if there is some standard way to achieve this. Update: I see that everyone recommended a UUID for the entire session. That seems like a good idea though possibly a little too heavyweight. Here is my problem though: I want to use the JVM id to create multiple unique identifiers in each JVM execution that somehow incorporate the JVM instance. My understanding is that you shouldn't really mix other numbers into a UUID because uniqueness is no longer guaranteed. An alternative is to make the UUID into a string and chain it, but then it becomes too long. Any ideas on overcoming this?

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• overload == (and != , of course) operator, can I bypass == to determine whether the object is null

  - by LLS

  Hello, when I try to overload operator == and != in C#, and override Equal as recommended, I found I have no way to distinguish a normal object and null. For example, I defined a class Complex. public static bool operator ==(Complex lhs, Complex rhs) { return lhs.Equals(rhs); } public static bool operator !=(Complex lhs, Complex rhs) { return !lhs.Equals(rhs); } public override bool Equals(object obj) { if (obj is Complex) { return (((Complex)obj).Real == this.Real && ((Complex)obj).Imaginary == this.Imaginary); } else { return false; } } But when I want to use if (temp == null) When temp is really null, some exception happens. And I can't use == to determine whether the lhs is null, which will cause infinite loop. What should I do in this situation. One way I can think of is to us some thing like Class.Equal(object, object) (if it exists) to bypass the == when I do the check. What is the normal way to solve the problem?

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• How do I use requestFocus in a Java JFrame GUI?

  - by JohnWong

  I am given an assignment but I am totally new to Java (I have been programming in C++ and Python for two years). So we are doing GUI and basically we extended JFrame and added a couple fields. Say we have a field named "Text 1" and "Text 2". When user presses enter with the cursor in Text 1, move the focus to Text 2. I tried to add private JTextField textfield1() { textfield1 = new JTextField(); textfield1.setPreferredSize(new Dimension(200, 20)); textfield1.addActionListener( new ActionListener() { public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) { textfield1text = textfield1.getText().trim(); textfield1.setText(textfield1text); System.out.println(textfield1text); textfield1.requestFocus(); } }); return textfield1; } But that doesn't work at all. I noticed that requestFocus is not recommended, and instead one should use requestFocusWindows. But I tried that too. Upon some readings it seems like I have to do keyboard action and listener? But my teacher said it only requires 1 line...

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• Should I Teach My Son Programming? What approaches should I take? [closed]

  - by DaveDev

  I was wondering if it's a good idea to teach object oriented programming to my son? I was never really good at math as a kid, but I think since I've started programming it's given me a greater ability to understand math by being better able to visualise relationships between abstract models. I thought it might give him a better advantage in learning & applying logical & mathematical concepts throughout his life if he was able to take advantage of the tools available to programmers. what would be the best programming fields, techniques and/or concepts? What approach should I take? what concepts should I avoid? what fields of mathematics would he find this benfits him most? He's only 2 now so it wouldn't be for another few years before I do this, (and even at that, only from a very high level point of view). I thought I'd put it to the programming community and see what you guys thought? Possible Duplicate: What are some recommended programming resources for pre-teens?

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• MySQL Check and compare and if necessary create data.

  - by user2979677

  Hello I have three different tables Talk ID type_id YEAR NUM NUM_LETTER DATE series_id TALK speaker_id SCRIPREF DONE DOUBLE_SID DOUBLE_TYP LOCAL_CODE MISSING RESTRICTED WHY_RESTRI SR_S_1 SR_E_1 BCV_1 SR_S_2 SR_E_2 BCV_2 SR_S_3 SR_E_3 BCV_3 SR_S_4 SR_E_4 BCV_4 QTY_IV organisation_id recommended topic_id thumbnail mp3_file_size duration version Product_component id product_id talk_id position version Product id created product_type_id last_modified last_modified_by num_sold current_stock min_stock max_stock comment organisation_id series_id name subscription_type_id recipient_id discount_start discount_amount discount_desc discount_finish discount_percent voucher_amount audio_points talk_id price_override product_desc instant_download_status_id downloads instant_downloads promote_start promote_finish promote_desc restricted from_tape discontinued discontinued_reason discontinued_date external_url version I want to create a procedure that will check if select the id from talk and compare it with the id of product to see if there is a product id in the table and if there isn't then create it however my problem is that my tables talk and product can't talk, as id in talk is related to talk_id in product_component and id in product is related to product_id in product_component. Are there any ways for this to be done? I tried this, CREATE DEFINER=`sthelensmedia`@`localhost` PROCEDURE `CreateSingleCDProducts`() BEGIN DECLARE t_id INT; DECLARE t_restricted BOOLEAN; DECLARE t_talk CHAR(255); DECLARE t_series_id INT; DECLARE p_id INT; DECLARE done INT DEFAULT 0; DECLARE cur1 CURSOR FOR SELECT id,restricted,talk,series_id FROM talk WHERE organisation_id=2; DECLARE CONTINUE HANDLER FOR NOT FOUND SET done=1; UPDATE product SET restricted=TRUE WHERE product_type_id=3; OPEN cur1; create_loop: LOOP FETCH cur1 INTO t_id, t_restricted, t_talk, t_series_id; IF done=1 THEN LEAVE create_loop; END IF; INSERT INTO product (created,product_type_id,last_modified,organisation_id,series_id,name,restricted) VALUES (NOW(),3,NOW(),2,t_series_id,t_talk,t_restricted); SELECT LAST_INSERT_ID() INTO p_id; INSERT INTO product_component (product_id,talk_id,position) VALUES (p_id,t_id,0); END LOOP create_loop; CLOSE cur1; END Just wondering if anyone could help me.

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• SCVMM 2012 R2 - Installing Virtual Switch Fails with Error 2916

  - by Brian M.

  So I've been attempting to teach myself SCVMM 2012 and Hyper-V Server 2012 R2, and I seem to have hit a snag. I've connected my Hyper-V Host to SCVMM 2012 successfully, and created a logical network, logical switch, and uplink port profile (which I essentially blew through with the default settings). However when I attempt to create a virtual switch on my Hyper-V host, I run into an issue. The job will use my logical network settings I created to configure the virtual switch, but when it tries to apply it to the host, it stalls and eventually fails with the following error: Error (2916) VMM is unable to complete the request. The connection to the agent vmhost1.test.loc was lost. WinRM: URL: [h**p://vmhost1.test.loc:5985], Verb: [GET], Resource: [h**p://schemas.microsoft.com/wbem/wsman/1/wmi/root/virtualization/v2/Msvm_ConcreteJob?InstanceID=2F401A71-14A2-4636-9B3E-10C0EE942D33] Unknown error (0x80338126) Recommended Action Ensure that the Windows Remote Management (WinRM) service and the VMM agent are installed and running and that a firewall is not blocking HTTP/HTTPS traffic. Ensure that VMM server is able to communicate with econ-hyperv2.econ.loc over WinRM by successfully running the following command: winrm id –r:vmhost1.test.loc This problem can also be caused by a Windows Management Instrumentation (WMI) service crash. If the server is running Windows Server 2008 R2, ensure that KB 982293 (h**p://support.microsoft.com/kb/982293) is installed on it. If the error persists, restart vmhost1.test.loc and then try the operation again. Refer to h**p://support.microsoft.com/kb/2742275 for more details. I restarted the server, and upon booting am greeted with a message stating "No active network adapters found." I load up powershell and run "Get-NetAdapter -IncludeHidden" to see what's going on, and get the following: Name InterfaceDescription ifIndex Status ---- -------------------- ------- ----- Local Area Connection* 5 WAN Miniport (PPPOE) 6 Di... Ethernet Microsoft Hyper-V Network Switch Def... 10 Local Area Connection* 1 WAN Miniport (L2TP) 2 Di... Local Area Connection* 8 WAN Miniport (Network Monitor) 9 Up Local Area Connection* 4 WAN Miniport (PPTP) 5 Di... Ethernet 2 Broadcom NetXtreme Gigabit Ethernet 13 Up Local Area Connection* 7 WAN Miniport (IPv6) 8 Up Local Area Connection* 9 Microsoft Kernel Debug Network Adapter 11 No... Local Area Connection* 3 WAN Miniport (IKEv2) 4 Di... Local Area Connection* 2 WAN Miniport (SSTP) 3 Di... vSwitch (TEST Test Swi... Hyper-V Virtual Switch Extension Ada... 17 Up Local Area Connection* 6 WAN Miniport (IP) 7 Up Now the machine is no longer visible on the network, and I don't have the slightest idea what went wrong, and more importantly how to undo the damage I caused in order to get back to where I was (save for re-installing Hyper-V Server, but I really would rather know what's going on and how to fix it)! Does anybody have any ideas? Much appreciated!

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• Ideal backup appliance for backup software like Bacula?

  - by Ricket

  I'm at a small company and we (the IT department of two) manage <100 client computers and a handful of servers. Currently we're using a company's appliance to handle backup; it does a small backup every night and a full backup every weekend, and a guy comes on Wednesday to take an offsite backup drive (and gives back last week's drive to swap with it). The backup is done only on the servers' hard drives, because our client computers and employees make sure not to store anything worthwhile on their own computers. So it's a pretty simple situation. Lately this system, mainly the appliance, has been having problems, so we are looking for an alternative. I'm researching other companies but also looking into what we might expect from trying to do this ourselves. There will undoubtedly be a large learning curve, but hey, that's what serverfault is for, right? :) So anyway I was looking at Bacula. Feature list sounds great, documentation is plentiful, but it's only software. So my question is, what is the ideal backup server to run the Bacula server software on? And not only the server but other related appliances. Our current backup appliance uses only hard drives, not tape drives. It has several plugged into it at one time, in hotswap bays on the front of the machine. I couldn't help but notice though, it's hardly more than Windows XP with hard drive bays, a PCI eSATA card (which connects to another appliance extension piece with 2 more bays), and their software. Since the company will take back their appliance if/when we cancel with them, where can I go to configure a server with these kinds of things? And should I consider switching to tape drives? What other concerns should I be thinking about when I pick out hardware for a backup server? Maybe I'm being naive, I'm sure Dell (and any other computer company) sells them in the small business section of their website, but I wanted to make sure that there's not some other more recommended place that other companies are getting their hardware from, and that I don't need anything special for Bacula.

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• Query total page count via SNMP HP Laserjet

  - by Tim

  I was asked to get hold of the total pages counts for the 100+ printers we have at work. All of them are HP Laser or Business Jets of some description and the vast majority are connected via some form of HP JetDirect network card/switch. After many hours of typing in IP addresses and copying and pasting the relevant figure in to Excel I have now been asked to do this on a weekly basis. This led me to think there must be an easier way, as an IT professional I can surely work out some time saving method to solve this issue. Suffice it to say I do not feel very professional now after a day or so of trying to make SNMP work for me! From what I understand the first thing is to enable SNMP on the printer. Done. Next I would need something to query the SNMP bit. I decided to go open source and free and someone here recommended net-snmp as a decent tool (I would like to have just added the printers as nodes in SolarWinds but we are somewhat tight on licences apparently). Next I need the name of the MIB. For this I believe the HP-LASERJET-COMMON-MIB has the correct information in it. Downloaded this and added to net-snmp. Now I need the OID which I believe after much scouring is printed-media-simplex-count (we have no duplex printers, that we are interested in at least). Running the following command yields the following demoralising output: snmpget -v 2c -c public 10.168.5.1 HP-LASERJET-COMMON-MIB:.1.3.6.1.2.1.1.16.1.1.1 (the OID was derived from running: snmptranslate -IR -On printed-media-simplex-count Unlinked OID in HP-LASERJET-COMMON-MIB: hp ::= { enterprises 11 } Undefined identifier: enterprises near line 3 of C:/usr/share/snmp/mibs/HP-LASER JET-COMMON-MIB..txt .1.3.6.1.2.1.1.16.1.1.1 ) Unlinked OID in HP-LASERJET-COMMON-MIB: hp ::= { enterprises 11 } Undefined identifier: enterprises near line 3 of C:/usr/share/snmp/mibs/HP-LASER JET-COMMON-MIB..txt HP-LASERJET-COMMON-MIB:.1.3.6.1.2.1.1.16.1.1.1: Am I barking up the wrong tree completely with this? My aim was to script it all to output to a file for all the IP addresses of the printers and then plonk that in Excel for my lords and masters to digest at their leisure. I have a feeling I am using either the wrong MIB or the wrong OID from said MIB (or both). Does anyone have any pointers on this for me? Or should I give up and go back to navigationg each printers web page individually (hoping not).

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• Replace dual-XP installs with single-XP install and repartition drive?

  - by caeious

  Hello, The Current Situation I have a hard drive that currently is split up like so: Primary Partition C: 9.77 GB NTFS Healthy (System) with XP Pro (in Polish) installed Extended Partition D: 39.82 GB NTFS Healthy (Boot) with XP Pro (in English) installed 6.30 GB Free space When I start my comuter I get a black and white Windows Boot Manager dual boot screen with 2 choices both being Microsoft Windows XP. The first choice is the English version of XP and the second choice is the Polish version of XP. Images of my Computer Management window and Dual Boot screen The Mission What I need to do is get rid of the entire extended partition (D: 39.82 GB & 6.30 free space) and just have the one primary C: drive which I assume will be somewheres around 55 GB big. So in the end I just want XP Pro in English running on my C: drive and no black and white boot screen to show up when starting up my laptop. The Question How do I go about successfully completing The Mission with out making my computer a useless pile of silicon, plastic and metal? UPDATE: So I went ahead and tried to follow Neal's suggestion but hit a wall. I got to a Windows XP Pro install screen that had the 3 following options as well as my drive data: To set up Windows XP on the selected item, press Enter To create a partition in the unpartitioned space, press C To delete the selected partition, press D 57232 MB Disk 0 at Id 0 on bus 0 on atapi [MBR] C: Partition1 [NTFS] 10001 MB ( 4642 MB free ) Unpartitioned space 6448 MB D: Partition2 [NTFS] 40774 MB ( 26225 MB free ) Unpartitioned space 8 MB I figured I would go with the first choice ((To set up Windows XP on the selected item, press Enter)) because I just wanted to set up Windows XP on C: Partition1 (which was preselected) so I pressed Enter which brought me to a screen displaying this message: You chose to install Windows XP on a partition that contains another operating system. Installing Windows XP on this partition might cause the other operating system to function improperly. CAUTION: Installing multiple operating systems on a single partition is not recommended. So this leads me to 2 new questions: How do I get rid of the Windows XP (Polish language) install on C: Partition 1 so that I can cleanly and safely install Windows XP (English language) on it? Neal, is this what you meant by me possibly having to delete the partition that the Windows XP (Polish language) install was located on? Since I have the option to delete partitions with the 3rd choice ((To delete the selected partition, press D)), should I do that on this screen or wait until I have Windows XP (English language) safely installed on C: Partition 1? I have to ask these questions because I have read that it is possibly dangerous to delete hard drive partitions. Just being cautious.

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• Linux Mint 10 LXDE computer to act as LTSP Server without luck

  - by Rautamiekka

  So I've tried to make our screen-broken HP laptop to also serve as LTSP Server in addition to various other tasks, without luck, which may be cuz I'm running LM10 LXDE while the instructions are for Ubuntu. Excuse my ignorance. The entire output from Terminal after installing LTSP stuff along with a Server kernel and a load of other packages: administrator@rauta-mint-turion ~ $ sudo lt ltrace ltsp-build-client ltsp-chroot ltspfs ltspfsmounter ltsp-info ltsp-localapps ltsp-update-image ltsp-update-kernels ltsp-update-sshkeys administrator@rauta-mint-turion ~ $ sudo ltsp-update-sshkeys administrator@rauta-mint-turion ~ $ sudo ltsp-update-kernels find: `/opt/ltsp/': No such file or directory administrator@rauta-mint-turion ~ $ sudo ltsp-build-client /usr/share/ltsp/plugins/ltsp-build-client/common/010-chroot-tagging: line 3: /opt/ltsp/i386/etc/ltsp_chroot: No such file or directory error: LTSP client installation ended abnormally administrator@rauta-mint-turion ~ $ sudo ltsp-update-image Cannot determine assigned port. Assigning to port 2000. mkdir: cannot create directory `/opt/ltsp/i386/etc/ltsp': No such file or directory /usr/sbin/ltsp-update-image: 274: cannot create /opt/ltsp/i386/etc/ltsp/update-kernels.conf: Directory nonexistent /usr/sbin/ltsp-update-image: 274: cannot create /opt/ltsp/i386/etc/ltsp/update-kernels.conf: Directory nonexistent Regenerating kernel... chroot: failed to run command `/usr/share/ltsp/update-kernels': No such file or directory Done. Configuring inetd... Done. Updating pxelinux default configuration...Done. Skipping invalid chroot: /opt/ltsp/i386 chroot: failed to run command `test': No such file or directory administrator@rauta-mint-turion ~ $ sudo ltsp-chroot chroot: failed to run command `/bin/bash': No such file or directory administrator@rauta-mint-turion ~ $ bash administrator@rauta-mint-turion ~ $ exit exit administrator@rauta-mint-turion ~ $ sudo ls /opt/ltsp i386 administrator@rauta-mint-turion ~ $ sudo ls /opt/ltsp/i386/ administrator@rauta-mint-turion ~ $ sudo ltsp-build-client NOTE: Root directory /opt/ltsp/i386 already exists, this will lead to problems, please remove it before trying again. Exiting. error: LTSP client installation ended abnormally administrator@rauta-mint-turion ~ $ sudo rm -rv /opt/ltsp/i386 removed directory: `/opt/ltsp/i386' administrator@rauta-mint-turion ~ $ sudo ltsp-build-client /usr/share/ltsp/plugins/ltsp-build-client/common/010-chroot-tagging: line 3: /opt/ltsp/i386/etc/ltsp_chroot: No such file or directory error: LTSP client installation ended abnormally administrator@rauta-mint-turion ~ $ aptitude search ltsp p fts-ltsp-ldap - LDAP LTSP module for the TFTP/Fuse supplicant p ltsp-client - LTSP client environment p ltsp-client-core - LTSP client environment (core) p ltsp-cluster-accountmanager - Account creation and management daemon for LTSP p ltsp-cluster-control - Web based thin-client configuration management p ltsp-cluster-lbagent - LTSP loadbalancer agent offers variables about the state of the ltsp server p ltsp-cluster-lbserver - LTSP loadbalancer server returns the optimal ltsp server to terminal p ltsp-cluster-nxloadbalancer - Minimal NX loadbalancer for ltsp-cluster p ltsp-cluster-pxeconfig - LTSP-Cluster symlink generator p ltsp-controlaula - Classroom management tool with ltsp clients p ltsp-docs - LTSP Documentation p ltsp-livecd - starts an LTSP live server on an Ubuntu livecd session p ltsp-manager - Ubuntu LTSP server management GUI i A ltsp-server - Basic LTSP server environment i ltsp-server-standalone - Complete LTSP server environment i A ltspfs - Fuse based remote filesystem for LTSP thin clients p ltspfsd - Fuse based remote filesystem hooks for LTSP thin clients p ltspfsd-core - Fuse based remote filesystem daemon for LTSP thin clients p python-ltsp - provides ltsp related functions administrator@rauta-mint-turion ~ $ sudo aptitude purge ltsp-server ltsp-server-standalone ltspfs The following packages will be REMOVED: debconf-utils{u} debootstrap{u} dhcp3-server{u} gstreamer0.10-pulseaudio{u} ldm-server{u} libpulse-browse0{u} ltsp-server{p} ltsp-server-standalone{p} ltspfs{p} nbd-server{u} openbsd-inetd{u} pulseaudio{u} pulseaudio-esound-compat{u} pulseaudio-module-x11{u} pulseaudio-utils{u} squashfs-tools{u} tftpd-hpa{u} 0 packages upgraded, 0 newly installed, 17 to remove and 0 not upgraded. Need to get 0B of archives. After unpacking 6,996kB will be freed. Do you want to continue? [Y/n/?] (Reading database ... 158454 files and directories currently installed.) Removing ltsp-server-standalone ... Purging configuration files for ltsp-server-standalone ... Removing ltsp-server ... Purging configuration files for ltsp-server ... dpkg: warning: while removing ltsp-server, directory '/var/lib/tftpboot/ltsp' not empty so not removed. dpkg: warning: while removing ltsp-server, directory '/var/lib/tftpboot' not empty so not removed. Processing triggers for man-db ... (Reading database ... 158195 files and directories currently installed.) Removing debconf-utils ... Removing debootstrap ... Removing dhcp3-server ... * Stopping DHCP server dhcpd3 [ OK ] Removing gstreamer0.10-pulseaudio ... Removing ldm-server ... Removing pulseaudio-module-x11 ... Removing pulseaudio-esound-compat ... Removing pulseaudio ... * PulseAudio configured for per-user sessions Removing pulseaudio-utils ... Removing libpulse-browse0 ... Processing triggers for man-db ... Processing triggers for ureadahead ... ureadahead will be reprofiled on next reboot Processing triggers for libc-bin ... ldconfig deferred processing now taking place (Reading database ... 157944 files and directories currently installed.) Removing ltspfs ... Processing triggers for man-db ... (Reading database ... 157932 files and directories currently installed.) Removing nbd-server ... Stopping Network Block Device server: nbd-server. Removing openbsd-inetd ... * Stopping internet superserver inetd [ OK ] Removing squashfs-tools ... Removing tftpd-hpa ... tftpd-hpa stop/waiting Processing triggers for ureadahead ... Processing triggers for man-db ... administrator@rauta-mint-turion ~ $ sudo aptitude purge ~c The following packages will be REMOVED: dhcp3-server{p} libpulse-browse0{p} nbd-server{p} openbsd-inetd{p} pulseaudio{p} tftpd-hpa{p} 0 packages upgraded, 0 newly installed, 6 to remove and 0 not upgraded. Need to get 0B of archives. After unpacking 0B will be used. Do you want to continue? [Y/n/?] (Reading database ... 157881 files and directories currently installed.) Removing dhcp3-server ... Purging configuration files for dhcp3-server ... Removing libpulse-browse0 ... Purging configuration files for libpulse-browse0 ... Removing nbd-server ... Purging configuration files for nbd-server ... Removing openbsd-inetd ... Purging configuration files for openbsd-inetd ... Removing pulseaudio ... Purging configuration files for pulseaudio ... Removing tftpd-hpa ... Purging configuration files for tftpd-hpa ... Processing triggers for ureadahead ... administrator@rauta-mint-turion ~ $ sudo aptitude install ltsp-server-standalone The following NEW packages will be installed: debconf-utils{a} debootstrap{a} ldm-server{a} ltsp-server{a} ltsp-server-standalone ltspfs{a} nbd-server{a} openbsd-inetd{a} squashfs-tools{a} The following packages are RECOMMENDED but will NOT be installed: dhcp3-server pulseaudio-esound-compat tftpd-hpa 0 packages upgraded, 9 newly installed, 0 to remove and 0 not upgraded. Need to get 0B/498kB of archives. After unpacking 2,437kB will be used. Do you want to continue? [Y/n/?] Preconfiguring packages ... Selecting previously deselected package openbsd-inetd. (Reading database ... 157868 files and directories currently installed.) Unpacking openbsd-inetd (from .../openbsd-inetd_0.20080125-4ubuntu2_i386.deb) ... Processing triggers for man-db ... Processing triggers for ureadahead ... Setting up openbsd-inetd (0.20080125-4ubuntu2) ... * Stopping internet superserver inetd [ OK ] * Starting internet superserver inetd [ OK ] Selecting previously deselected package ldm-server. (Reading database ... 157877 files and directories currently installed.) Unpacking ldm-server (from .../ldm-server_2%3a2.1.3-0ubuntu1_all.deb) ... Selecting previously deselected package debconf-utils. Unpacking debconf-utils (from .../debconf-utils_1.5.32ubuntu3_all.deb) ... Selecting previously deselected package debootstrap. Unpacking debootstrap (from .../debootstrap_1.0.23ubuntu1_all.deb) ... Selecting previously deselected package nbd-server. Unpacking nbd-server (from .../nbd-server_1%3a2.9.14-2ubuntu1_i386.deb) ... Selecting previously deselected package squashfs-tools. Unpacking squashfs-tools (from .../squashfs-tools_1%3a4.0-8_i386.deb) ... Selecting previously deselected package ltsp-server. GNU nano 2.2.4 File: /etc/ltsp/ltsp-update-image.conf # Configuration file for ltsp-update-image # By default, do not compress the image # as it's reported to make it unstable NO_COMP="-noF -noD -noI -no-exports" [ Switched to /etc/ltsp/ltsp-update-image.conf ] administrator@rauta-mint-turion ~ $ ls /opt/ firefox/ ltsp/ mint-flashplugin/ administrator@rauta-mint-turion ~ $ ls /opt/ltsp/i386/ administrator@rauta-mint-turion ~ $ ls /opt/ltsp/ i386 administrator@rauta-mint-turion ~ $ sudo ltsp ltsp-build-client ltsp-chroot ltspfs ltspfsmounter ltsp-info ltsp-localapps ltsp-update-image ltsp-update-kernels ltsp-update-sshkeys administrator@rauta-mint-turion ~ $ sudo ltsp-build-client NOTE: Root directory /opt/ltsp/i386 already exists, this will lead to problems, please remove it before trying again. Exiting. error: LTSP client installation ended abnormally administrator@rauta-mint-turion ~ $ ^C administrator@rauta-mint-turion ~ $ sudo aptitude purge ltsp ltspfs ltsp-server ltsp-server-standalone administrator@rauta-mint-turion ~ $ sudo aptitude purge ltsp-server The following packages will be REMOVED: ltsp-server{p} 0 packages upgraded, 0 newly installed, 1 to remove and 0 not upgraded. Need to get 0B of archives. After unpacking 1,073kB will be freed. The following packages have unmet dependencies: ltsp-server-standalone: Depends: ltsp-server but it is not going to be installed. The following actions will resolve these dependencies: Remove the following packages: 1) ltsp-server-standalone Accept this solution? [Y/n/q/?] The following packages will be REMOVED: debconf-utils{u} debootstrap{u} ldm-server{u} ltsp-server{p} ltsp-server-standalone{a} ltspfs{u} nbd-server{u} openbsd-inetd{u} squashfs-tools{u} 0 packages upgraded, 0 newly installed, 9 to remove and 0 not upgraded. Need to get 0B of archives. After unpacking 2,437kB will be freed. Do you want to continue? [Y/n/?] (Reading database ... 158244 files and directories currently installed.) Removing ltsp-server-standalone ... (Reading database ... 158240 files and directories currently installed.) Removing ltsp-server ... Purging configuration files for ltsp-server ... dpkg: warning: while removing ltsp-server, directory '/var/lib/tftpboot/ltsp' not empty so not removed. dpkg: warning: while removing ltsp-server, directory '/var/lib/tftpboot' not empty so not removed. Processing triggers for man-db ... (Reading database ... 157987 files and directories currently installed.) Removing debconf-utils ... Removing debootstrap ... Removing ldm-server ... Removing ltspfs ... Removing nbd-server ... Stopping Network Block Device server: nbd-server. Removing openbsd-inetd ... * Stopping internet superserver inetd [ OK ] Removing squashfs-tools ... Processing triggers for man-db ... Processing triggers for ureadahead ... administrator@rauta-mint-turion ~ $ sudo aptitude purge ~c The following packages will be REMOVED: ltsp-server-standalone{p} nbd-server{p} openbsd-inetd{p} 0 packages upgraded, 0 newly installed, 3 to remove and 0 not upgraded. Need to get 0B of archives. After unpacking 0B will be used. Do you want to continue? [Y/n/?] (Reading database ... 157871 files and directories currently installed.) Removing ltsp-server-standalone ... Purging configuration files for ltsp-server-standalone ... Removing nbd-server ... Purging configuration files for nbd-server ... Removing openbsd-inetd ... Purging configuration files for openbsd-inetd ... Processing triggers for ureadahead ... administrator@rauta-mint-turion ~ $ sudo rm -rv /var/lib/t teamspeak-server/ tftpboot/ transmission-daemon/ administrator@rauta-mint-turion ~ $ sudo rm -rv /var/lib/tftpboot removed `/var/lib/tftpboot/ltsp/i386/pxelinux.cfg/default' removed directory: `/var/lib/tftpboot/ltsp/i386/pxelinux.cfg' removed directory: `/var/lib/tftpboot/ltsp/i386' removed directory: `/var/lib/tftpboot/ltsp' removed directory: `/var/lib/tftpboot' administrator@rauta-mint-turion ~ $ sudo find / -name "ltsp" /opt/ltsp administrator@rauta-mint-turion ~ $ sudo rm -rv /opt/ltsp removed directory: `/opt/ltsp/i386' removed directory: `/opt/ltsp' administrator@rauta-mint-turion ~ $ sudo aptitude install ltsp-server-standalone The following NEW packages will be installed: debconf-utils{a} debootstrap{a} ldm-server{a} ltsp-server{a} ltsp-server-standalone ltspfs{a} nbd-server{a} openbsd-inetd{a} squashfs-tools{a} The following packages are RECOMMENDED but will NOT be installed: dhcp3-server pulseaudio-esound-compat tftpd-hpa 0 packages upgraded, 9 newly installed, 0 to remove and 0 not upgraded. Need to get 0B/498kB of archives. After unpacking 2,437kB will be used. Do you want to continue? [Y/n/?] Preconfiguring packages ... Selecting previously deselected package openbsd-inetd. (Reading database ... 157868 files and directories currently installed.) Unpacking openbsd-inetd (from .../openbsd-inetd_0.20080125-4ubuntu2_i386.deb) ... Processing triggers for man-db ... GNU nano 2.2.4 New Buffer GNU nano 2.2.4 File: /etc/ltsp/dhcpd.conf # # Default LTSP dhcpd.conf config file. # authoritative; subnet 192.168.2.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 { range 192.168.2.70 192.168.2.79; option domain-name "jarvinen"; option domain-name-servers 192.168.2.254; option broadcast-address 192.168.2.255; option routers 192.168.2.254; # next-server 192.168.0.1; # get-lease-hostnames true; option subnet-mask 255.255.255.0; option root-path "/opt/ltsp/i386"; if substring( option vendor-class-identifier, 0, 9 ) = "PXEClient" { filename "/ltsp/i386/pxelinux.0"; } else { filename "/ltsp/i386/nbi.img"; } } [ Wrote 22 lines ] administrator@rauta-mint-turion ~ $ sudo service dhcp3-server start * Starting DHCP server dhcpd3 [ OK ] administrator@rauta-mint-turion ~ $ sudo ltsp-build-client /usr/share/ltsp/plugins/ltsp-build-client/common/010-chroot-tagging: line 3: /opt/ltsp/i386/etc/ltsp_chroot: No such file or directory error: LTSP client installation ended abnormally administrator@rauta-mint-turion ~ $ sudo cat /usr/share/ltsp/plugins/ltsp-build-client/common/010-chroot-tagging case "$MODE" in after-install) echo LTSP_CHROOT=$ROOT >> $ROOT/etc/ltsp_chroot ;; esac administrator@rauta-mint-turion ~ $ cd $ROOT/etc/ltsp_chroot bash: cd: /etc/ltsp_chroot: No such file or directory administrator@rauta-mint-turion ~ $ cd $ROOT/etc/ administrator@rauta-mint-turion /etc $ ls acpi chatscripts emacs group insserv.conf.d logrotate.conf mysql php5 rc6.d smbnetfs.conf UPower adduser.conf ConsoleKit environment group- iproute2 logrotate.d nanorc phpmyadmin rc.local snmp usb_modeswitch.conf alternatives console-setup esound grub.d issue lsb-base nbd-server pm rcS.d sound usb_modeswitch.d anacrontab cron.d firefox gshadow issue.net lsb-base-logging.sh ndiswrapper pnm2ppa.conf request-key.conf ssh ushare.conf apache2 cron.daily firefox-3.5 gshadow- java lsb-release netscsid.conf polkit-1 resolvconf ssl vga apm cron.hourly firestarter gtk-2.0 java-6-sun ltrace.conf network popularity-contest.conf resolv.conf sudoers vim apparmor cron.monthly fonts gtkmathview kbd ltsp NetworkManager ppp rmt sudoers.d vlc apparmor.d crontab foomatic gufw kernel lxdm networks printcap rpc su-to-rootrc vsftpd.conf apport cron.weekly fstab hal kernel-img.conf magic nsswitch.conf profile rsyslog.conf sweeprc w3m apt crypttab ftpusers hdparm.conf kerneloops.conf magic.mime ntp.conf profile.d rsyslog.d sysctl.conf wgetrc at.deny cups fuse.conf host.conf kompozer mailcap obex-data-server protocols samba sysctl.d wildmidi auto-apt dbconfig-common gai.conf hostname ldap mailcap.order ODBCDataSources psiconv sane.d teamspeak-server wodim.conf avahi dbus-1 gamin hosts ld.so.cache manpath.config odbc.ini pulse screenrc terminfo wpa_supplicant bash.bashrc debconf.conf gconf hosts.allow ld.so.conf menu openal purple securetty thunderbird X11 bash_completion debian_version gdb hosts.deny ld.so.conf.d menu-methods openoffice python security timezone xdg bash_completion.d default gdm hp legal mime.types opt python2.6 sensors3.conf transmission-daemon xml bindresvport.blacklist defoma ghostscript ifplugd lftp.conf mke2fs.conf pam.conf python2.7 sensors.d ts.conf xulrunner-1.9.2 blkid.conf deluser.conf gimp inetd.conf libpaper.d modprobe.d pam.d python3.1 services ucf.conf zsh_command_not_found blkid.tab depmod.d gnome init libreoffice modules pango rc0.d sgml udev bluetooth dhcp gnome-system-tools init.d linuxmint motd papersize rc1.d shadow ufw bonobo-activation dhcp3 gnome-vfs-2.0 initramfs-tools locale.alias mplayer passwd rc2.d shadow- updatedb.conf ca-certificates dictionaries-common gnome-vfs-mime-magic inputrc localtime mtab passwd- rc3.d shells update-manager ca-certificates.conf doc-base gre.d insserv logcheck mtab.fuselock pcmcia rc4.d skel update-motd.d calendar dpkg groff insserv.conf login.defs mtools.conf perl rc5.d smb2www update-notifier administrator@rauta-mint-turion /etc $ cd ltsp/ administrator@rauta-mint-turion /etc/ltsp $ ls dhcpd.conf ltsp-update-image.conf administrator@rauta-mint-turion /etc/ltsp $ cat dhcpd.conf # # Default LTSP dhcpd.conf config file. # authoritative; subnet 192.168.2.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 { range 192.168.2.70 192.168.2.79; option domain-name "jarvinen"; option domain-name-servers 192.168.2.254; option broadcast-address 192.168.2.255; option routers 192.168.2.254; # next-server 192.168.0.1; # get-lease-hostnames true; option subnet-mask 255.255.255.0; option root-path "/opt/ltsp/i386"; if substring( option vendor-class-identifier, 0, 9 ) = "PXEClient" { filename "/ltsp/i386/pxelinux.0"; } else { filename "/ltsp/i386/nbi.img"; } } administrator@rauta-mint-turion /etc/ltsp $

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• Creating a dynamic lacp trunk from HP Procurve 2412zl to Proliant DL380 G7

  - by Maalobs

  I'm configuring an IEEE 802.3ad (LACP) dynamic trunk from a HP Procurve 2412zl (firmware version K.15.07) switch to a HP Proliant DL380 G7 server. The DL380 has 4 NICs and is running Win2008 R2, so I'm teaming the NICs together and leaving everything on the recommended "automatic" setting in the HP NIC configuration tool. The server is one of two, they'll be connected on interfaces F17-F20 and F21-F24 respectively on the switch. I need the servers in a separate VLAN, here is the configuration for the VLAN: vlan 10 name "Lab_Mgmt" untagged B2,F17-F24 ip address 172.22.71.3 255.255.255.0 tagged B21 exit There is a DHCP-relay into the VLAN 10 from another device beyond interface B21. The Advanced Traffic Management Guide says that in order to run a dynamic LACP trunk on another VLAN besides the DEFAULT_VLAN, you need to first enable GVRP and then use "forbid" to stop the interfaces from automatically joining DEFAULT_VLAN when the dynamic trunk is created. GVRP brings some other stuff with it that I don't want or need, so I disable it with "unknown-vlans disable" on all other interfaces. Here is how I do it: procurve-5412zl-1(config)# gvrp procurve-5412zl-1(config)# interface A1-A24,B1-B24,C1-C24,D1-D10,D13-D24,E1-E24, F1-F16,K1,K2 unknown-vlans disable procurve-5412zl-1(config)# vlan 1 forbid F17-F24 procurve-5412zl-1(config)# interface F17-F20 lacp active The result afterwards looks all successful: procurve-5412zl-1(config)# show trunks Load Balancing Method: L3-based (Default), L2-based if non-IP traffic Port | Name Type | Group Type ---- + -------------------------------- --------- + ------ -------- F17 | XYZTEAM3_NIC1 100/1000T | Dyn2 LACP F18 | XYZTEAM3_NIC2 100/1000T | Dyn2 LACP F19 | XYZTEAM3_NIC3 100/1000T | Dyn2 LACP F20 | XYZTEAM3_NIC4 100/1000T | Dyn2 LACP procurve-5412zl-1(config)# vlan 10 procurve-5412zl-1(vlan-10)# show lacp LACP LACP Trunk Port LACP Admin Oper Port Enabled Group Status Partner Status Key Key ---- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------ ------ F17 Active Dyn2 Up Yes Success 0 0 F18 Active Dyn2 Up Yes Success 0 0 F19 Active Dyn2 Up Yes Success 0 0 F20 Active Dyn2 Up Yes Success 0 0 On the Proliant server, the NIC configuration Tool is also indicating that a 802.3ad dynamic trunk has been established. Everything should be good, but it isn't. The server is not getting an IP-address from the DHCP, which it does if I'm not enabling LACP. If I configure the server to a static IP-address on the VLAN 10 subnet, it can't even ping the switch IP-address, much less anything outside of the VLAN. The switch can't ping the server either. I did another attempt with F17-F20 tagged, and checking the box "Default Native Tag (VLAN 10)" in the NIC configuration tool on the server, but there was no difference. Does anyone have any idea what I might have missed?

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• Windows 7 is shutting down unexpectedly, according to the logs.

  - by dlamblin

  Here's a message from my eventvwr EventLog (Windows Logs System): The previous system shutdown at 11:51:15 AM on ?7/?29/?2009 was unexpected. This is funny because I was wondering why the system shut down while I was playing Civilizations IV full screen. Now I know. It was unexpected. Has anyone encountered and resolved this? A little background: I am running Windows 7 RC inside VMWare Fusion 2 (just updated a few months back) on a MacBook (Bitterly not Pro) aluminum-body. Windows 7 occasionally will shut down. This isn't a quick turn-off, it's a shutdown where all the programs are exited, the system waits until they quit (and Civ4 doesn't prompt me to save), it even installed Windows Updates before restarting. And yes it is restarting right after the shutdown. Because I run a game in full screen mode I do not notice any dialog with a countdown timer or anything like that that might be a warning. As I have iStat on my dashboard widgets I can see about 8 temperature monitors. I have seen the CPU get up to 74C before, but during the shutdown, though it seemed hot to the touch (always is), it read 61C for the CPU, 60C for heatsink A, 50C for heatsink B and in the 30s-40s for the enclosure and harddrives. As I type this now, the temps are actually higher, so I don't think the temperature caused it. I have at least six such events dating first from 5/17 which was a week after installing Windows 7. I did find one information level warning from USER32 in the system log that says: The process C:\Windows\system32\svchost.exe (DLAMBLIN-WIN7) has initiated the restart of computer DLAMBLIN-WIN7 on behalf of user NT AUTHORITY\SYSTEM for the following reason: Operating System: Recovery (Planned) Reason Code: 0x80020002 Shutdown Type: restart Comment: And another 15 minutes before that from Windows Update: Restart Required: To complete the installation of the following updates, the computer will be restarted within 15 minutes: - Cumulative Security Update for Internet Explorer 8 for Windows 7 Release Candidate for x64-based Systems (KB972260) Which I think kind of explains it. Though I don't know why restarting after an update would create an error event of "shutdown was unexpected", isn't that pretty odd? Now, how do I set it to never restart after an update unless I click something. Application of solution: As fretje reminded me, there's a couple of configurable settings for this, in windows 7 they're much in the same place as in Windows 2000 SP3 and XP SP1. Running gpedit.msc pops up a window that looks like: Windows 7 has changed the order and added a couple of newer options I've italicized: Do not display 'Install Updates and Shut Down' in Shut Down Windows dialog box Do not adjust default option to 'Install Updates and Shut Down' in Shut Down Windows dialog box Enabling Windows Power Management to automatically wake up the system to install scheduled updates Configure Automatic Updates Specify intranet Microsoft update service location Automatic Updates detection frequency Allow non-administrators to receive update notifications Turn on Software Notifications Allow Automatic Updates immediate installation Turn on recommended updates via Automatic Updates No auto-restart with logged-on users for scheduled Automatic Updates Re-prompt for restart with scheduled installations. Delay Restart for scheduled installations Reschedule Automatic Updates schedule

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• Can't ssh tunnel to access a remote mysql server

  - by hobbes3

  I can't seem to figure out why I can't use ssh tunnel to connect to my remote MySQL server. I do ssh tunnel with [hobbes3@hobbes3] ~ $ ssh linode -L 3307:localhost:3306 Then on another terminal, I try [hobbes3@hobbes3] ~ $ mysql -h localhost -P 3307 -u root --protocol=tcp -p Enter password: ERROR 2013 (HY000): Lost connection to MySQL server at 'reading initial communication packet', system error: 2 On the server, it shows this: root@li534-120 ~ # channel 4: open failed: connect failed: Connection refused Here is my my.cnf on the server: [mysqld] # Settings user and group are ignored when systemd is used (fedora >= 15). # If you need to run mysqld under different user or group, # customize your systemd unit file for mysqld according to the # instructions in http://fedoraproject.org/wiki/Systemd user=mysql datadir=/var/lib/mysql socket=/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock # Disabling symbolic-links is recommended to prevent assorted security risks symbolic-links=0 # Semisynchronous Replication # http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.5/en/replication-semisync.html # uncomment next line on MASTER ;plugin-load=rpl_semi_sync_master=semisync_master.so # uncomment next line on SLAVE ;plugin-load=rpl_semi_sync_slave=semisync_slave.so # Others options for Semisynchronous Replication ;rpl_semi_sync_master_enabled=1 ;rpl_semi_sync_master_timeout=10 ;rpl_semi_sync_slave_enabled=1 # http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.5/en/performance-schema.html ;performance_schema [mysqld_safe] log-error=/var/log/mysqld.log pid-file=/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid [mysqld] port = 3306 socket=/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock skip-external-locking key_buffer_size = 64M max_allowed_packet = 128M sort_buffer_size = 512K net_buffer_length = 8K read_buffer_size = 256K read_rnd_buffer_size = 512K myisam_sort_buffer_size = 8M thread_cache = 8 max_connections = 25 query_cache_size = 16M table_open_cache = 1024 table_definition_cache = 1024 tmp_table_size = 32M max_heap_table_size = 32M bind-address = 0.0.0.0 Now sure if this helps but here is the MySQL user list: mysql> select * from mysql.user; +-----------+------+-------------------------------------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-----------+-------------+---------------+--------------+-----------+------------+-----------------+------------+------------+--------------+------------+-----------------------+------------------+--------------+-----------------+------------------+------------------+----------------+---------------------+--------------------+------------------+------------+--------------+------------------------+----------+------------+-------------+--------------+---------------+-------------+-----------------+----------------------+--------+-----------------------+ | Host | User | Password | Select_priv | Insert_priv | Update_priv | Delete_priv | Create_priv | Drop_priv | Reload_priv | Shutdown_priv | Process_priv | File_priv | Grant_priv | References_priv | Index_priv | Alter_priv | Show_db_priv | Super_priv | Create_tmp_table_priv | Lock_tables_priv | Execute_priv | Repl_slave_priv | Repl_client_priv | Create_view_priv | Show_view_priv | Create_routine_priv | Alter_routine_priv | Create_user_priv | Event_priv | Trigger_priv | Create_tablespace_priv | ssl_type | ssl_cipher | x509_issuer | x509_subject | max_questions | max_updates | max_connections | max_user_connections | plugin | authentication_string | +-----------+------+-------------------------------------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-----------+-------------+---------------+--------------+-----------+------------+-----------------+------------+------------+--------------+------------+-----------------------+------------------+--------------+-----------------+------------------+------------------+----------------+---------------------+--------------------+------------------+------------+--------------+------------------------+----------+------------+-------------+--------------+---------------+-------------+-----------------+----------------------+--------+-----------------------+ | localhost | root | *664328D3C5E263F4FB25185681AAE7E92B01B2B0 | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | | | | | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | | | | 127.0.0.1 | root | *664328D3C5E263F4FB25185681AAE7E92B01B2B0 | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | | | | | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | | | | ::1 | root | *664328D3C5E263F4FB25185681AAE7E92B01B2B0 | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | | | | | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | | | +-----------+------+-------------------------------------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-----------+-------------+---------------+--------------+-----------+------------+-----------------+------------+------------+--------------+------------+-----------------------+------------------+--------------+-----------------+------------------+------------------+----------------+---------------------+--------------------+------------------+------------+--------------+------------------------+----------+------------+-------------+--------------+---------------+-------------+-----------------+----------------------+--------+-----------------------+ 3 rows in set (0.00 sec) I read about how MySQL treats localhost vs 127.0.0.1 as connecting via a socket or TCP, respectively. But I'm starting to get confused on what's really going on or if socket vs TCP is even the issue. Thanks in advance and I'm open for any tips and suggestions! Some more info: My MySQL client, running OS X 10.8.4, is mysql Ver 14.14 Distrib 5.6.10, for osx10.8 (x86_64) using EditLine wrapper My MySQL server, running on CentOS 6.4 32-bit, is mysql> SHOW VARIABLES LIKE "%version%"; +-------------------------+--------------------------------------+ | Variable_name | Value | +-------------------------+--------------------------------------+ | innodb_version | 1.1.8 | | protocol_version | 10 | | slave_type_conversions | | | version | 5.5.28 | | version_comment | MySQL Community Server (GPL) by Remi | | version_compile_machine | i686 | | version_compile_os | Linux | +-------------------------+--------------------------------------+ 7 rows in set (0.00 sec)

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• backup and restoration of a freeipa infrastructure

  - by Sirex

  I'm finding the documentation on ipa server backup and restoration sadly lacking, and being so centrally critical it's not something i'm really happy about shooting in the dark with - could some kind soul more knowledable in the matter please attempt to provide an idiot-proof guide to backing up and restoring of IPA server(s) ? Particularly the main server (the cert signing one). ...We're looking towards rolling out ipa in a two server setup (1 master, 1 replica). I'm using dns srv records to handle failover, hence a loss of the replica isn't a big deal as i could make a new one and force a resync to happen - it's losing the master that bothered me. The thing that i'm really struggling with is locating a step-by-step procedure for backing up and restoring the master server. I'm aware that whole-VM snapshot is the recommended way of doing IPA server backup, but that isn't an option at this time for us. I'm also aware that freeipa 3.2.0 includes some sort of backup command build in, but that isn't in the ipa version of centos, and i don't expect it will be for some time yet. I've been trying many different methods, but none of them seem to restore cleanly, amongst others, i've tried; a command similar to db2ldif.pl -D "cn=directory manager" -w - -n userroot -a /root/userroot.ldif the script from here to produce three ldif files -- one for the domain ({domain}-userroot), and two for the ipa server (ipa-ipaca and ipa-userroot): Most of the restores i've tried have been similar to the form of: ldif2db.pl -D "cn=directory manager" -w - -n userroot -i userroot.ldif which seems to work and reports no errors, but totally borks the ipa install on the machine and i can no longer login with either the admin password on the backed up server, or the one i set it to on installation before attempting the ldif2db command (i'm installing ipa-server and running ipa-server-install, then attempting the restore). I'm not overly bothered about losing the CA, having to rejoin the domain, losing replication etc etc (although it'd be awesome if that could be avoided) but in the instance of the main server dropping i'd really like to avoid having to re-enter all the user/group information. I guess in the instance of losing the main server i could promote the other one and replicate in the other direction, but i've not tried that, either. Has anyone done that ? tl;dr: Can someone provide an idiots guide to backing up and restoring an IPA server (preferably on CentOS 6) in a clear enough way that'd make me feel confident it'll actually work when the dreaded time comes ? Crayons are optional, but appreciated ;-) I can't be the only person struggling with this, seeing how widely used IPA is, surely ?

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• Can't get Passwordless (SSH provided) SFTP working

  - by Shoaibi

  I have chrooted sftp setup as below. # Package generated configuration file # See the sshd_config(5) manpage for details # What ports, IPs and protocols we listen for Port 22 # Use these options to restrict which interfaces/protocols sshd will bind to #ListenAddress :: #ListenAddress 0.0.0.0 Protocol 2 # HostKeys for protocol version 2 HostKey /etc/ssh/ssh_host_rsa_key HostKey /etc/ssh/ssh_host_dsa_key #Privilege Separation is turned on for security UsePrivilegeSeparation yes # Lifetime and size of ephemeral version 1 server key KeyRegenerationInterval 3600 ServerKeyBits 768 # Logging SyslogFacility AUTH LogLevel INFO # Authentication: LoginGraceTime 120 PermitRootLogin without-password StrictModes yes AllowGroups admins clients RSAAuthentication yes PubkeyAuthentication yes #AuthorizedKeysFile %h/.ssh/authorized_keys # Don't read the user's ~/.rhosts and ~/.shosts files IgnoreRhosts yes # For this to work you will also need host keys in /etc/ssh_known_hosts RhostsRSAAuthentication no # similar for protocol version 2 HostbasedAuthentication no # Uncomment if you don't trust ~/.ssh/known_hosts for RhostsRSAAuthentication #IgnoreUserKnownHosts yes # To enable empty passwords, change to yes (NOT RECOMMENDED) PermitEmptyPasswords no # Change to yes to enable challenge-response passwords (beware issues with # some PAM modules and threads) ChallengeResponseAuthentication no # Change to no to disable tunnelled clear text passwords #PasswordAuthentication yes # Kerberos options #KerberosAuthentication no #KerberosGetAFSToken no #KerberosOrLocalPasswd yes #KerberosTicketCleanup yes # GSSAPI options #GSSAPIAuthentication no #GSSAPICleanupCredentials yes X11Forwarding yes X11DisplayOffset 10 PrintMotd no PrintLastLog yes TCPKeepAlive yes #UseLogin no #MaxStartups 10:30:60 #Banner /etc/issue.net # Allow client to pass locale environment variables AcceptEnv LANG LC_* #Subsystem sftp /usr/lib/openssh/sftp-server # Set this to 'yes' to enable PAM authentication, account processing, # and session processing. If this is enabled, PAM authentication will # be allowed through the ChallengeResponseAuthentication and # PasswordAuthentication. Depending on your PAM configuration, # PAM authentication via ChallengeResponseAuthentication may bypass # the setting of "PermitRootLogin without-password". # If you just want the PAM account and session checks to run without # PAM authentication, then enable this but set PasswordAuthentication # and ChallengeResponseAuthentication to 'no'. UsePAM yes Subsystem sftp internal-sftp Match group clients ChrootDirectory /var/chroot-home X11Forwarding no AllowTcpForwarding no ForceCommand internal-sftp a dummy user root:~# tail -n1 /etc/passwd david:x:1000:1001::/david:/bin/sh Now in this case david can sftp using say filezilla client and he is chrooted to /var/chroot-home/david/. But what if i was to setup a passwordless auth? I have tried pasting his key in /var/chroot-home/david/.ssh/authorized_keys but no use, tried ssh'ing as david to the box and it just stops at "debug1: Sending env LC_CTYPE = C" after i supply it password and there is nothing shown in auth.log, may be because it can't find the homedir. If i do "su - david" as root i see "No directory, logging in with HOME=/" which makes sense. Symlink doesn't help either. I have also tried with: Match group clients ChrootDirectory /var/chroot-home/%u X11Forwarding no AllowTcpForwarding no ForceCommand internal-sftp a dummy user root:~# tail -n1 /etc/passwd david:x:1000:1001::/var/chroot-home/david:/bin/sh This way if i don't change /var/chroot-home/david to root:root sshd complains about bad ownership or permission modes, and if i do, david can no longer upload/delete anything directly in his home while using sftp from filezilla.

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• Can't install new database in OpenLDAP 2.4 with BDB on Debian

  - by Timothy High

  I'm trying to install an openldap server (slapd) on a Debian EC2 instance. I have followed all the instructions I can find, and am using the recommended slapd-config approach to configuration. It all seems to be just fine, except that for some reason it can't create my new database. ldap.conf.bak (renamed to ensure it's not being used): ########## # Basics # ########## include /etc/ldap/schema/core.schema include /etc/ldap/schema/cosine.schema include /etc/ldap/schema/nis.schema include /etc/ldap/schema/inetorgperson.schema pidfile /var/run/slapd/slapd.pid argsfile /var/run/slapd/slapd.args loglevel none modulepath /usr/lib/ldap # modulepath /usr/local/libexec/openldap moduleload back_bdb.la database config #rootdn "cn=admin,cn=config" rootpw secret database bdb suffix "dc=example,dc=com" rootdn "cn=manager,dc=example,dc=com" rootpw secret directory /usr/local/var/openldap-data ######## # ACLs # ######## access to attrs=userPassword by anonymous auth by self write by * none access to * by self write by * none When I run slaptest on it, it complains that it couldn't find the id2entry.bdb file: root@server:/etc/ldap# slaptest -f ldap.conf.bak -F slapd.d bdb_db_open: database "dc=example,dc=com": db_open(/usr/local/var/openldap-data/id2entry.bdb) failed: No such file or directory (2). backend_startup_one (type=bdb, suffix="dc=example,dc=com"): bi_db_open failed! (2) slap_startup failed (test would succeed using the -u switch) Using the -u switch it works, of course. But that merely creates the configuration. It doesn't resolve the underlying problem: root@server:/etc/ldap# slaptest -f ldap.conf.bak -F slapd.d -u config file testing succeeded Looking in the database directory, the basic files are there (with right ownership, after a manual chown), but the dbd file wasn't created: root@server:/etc/ldap# ls -al /usr/local/var/openldap-data total 4328 drwxr-sr-x 2 openldap openldap 4096 Mar 1 15:23 . drwxr-sr-x 4 root staff 4096 Mar 1 13:50 .. -rw-r--r-- 1 openldap openldap 3080 Mar 1 14:35 DB_CONFIG -rw------- 1 openldap openldap 24576 Mar 1 15:23 __db.001 -rw------- 1 openldap openldap 843776 Mar 1 15:23 __db.002 -rw------- 1 openldap openldap 2629632 Mar 1 15:23 __db.003 -rw------- 1 openldap openldap 655360 Mar 1 14:35 __db.004 -rw------- 1 openldap openldap 4431872 Mar 1 15:23 __db.005 -rw------- 1 openldap openldap 32768 Mar 1 15:23 __db.006 -rw-r--r-- 1 openldap openldap 2048 Mar 1 15:23 alock (note that, because I'm doing this as root, I had to also change ownership of some of the files created by slaptest) Finally, I can start the slapd service, but it dies in the attempt (text from syslog): Mar 1 15:06:23 server slapd[21160]: @(#) $OpenLDAP: slapd 2.4.23 (Jun 15 2011 13:31:57) $#012#011@incagijs:/home/thijs/debian/p-u/openldap-2.4.23/debian/build/servers/slapd Mar 1 15:06:23 server slapd[21160]: config error processing olcDatabase={1}bdb,cn=config: Mar 1 15:06:23 server slapd[21160]: slapd stopped. Mar 1 15:06:23 server slapd[21160]: connections_destroy: nothing to destroy. I manually checked the olcDatabase={1}bdb file, and it looks fine to my amateur eye. All my specific configs are there. Unfortunately, syslog isn't reporting a specific error in this case (if it were a file permission error, it would say). I've tried uninstalling and reinstalling slapd, changing permissions, Googling my wits out, but I'm tapped out. Any OpenLDAP genius out there would be greatly appreciated!

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• can not connect through SCP, but SSH connections works

  - by Joe Cabezas

  i am trying to connect to my server to transfer file using scp: $ scp -v -r -P <port> <user>@<host>:~/dir/ dir/ this is the output: OpenSSH_5.2p1, OpenSSL 0.9.8r 8 Feb 2011 debug1: Reading configuration data /Users/joe/.ssh/config debug1: Reading configuration data /etc/ssh_config debug1: Connecting to <host> [<host>] port <port>. debug1: Connection established. debug1: identity file /Users/joe/.ssh/identity type -1 debug1: identity file /Users/joe/.ssh/id_rsa type -1 debug1: identity file /Users/joe/.ssh/id_dsa type -1 ssh_exchange_identification: Connection closed by remote host but connecting via SSH works fine: $ ssh <user>@<host> -p <port> <user>@<host>'s password: <user>@<host>:~$ OK what can be wrong with this? my /etc/ssh/sshd_config file on the host is: # Package generated configuration file # See the sshd_config(5) manpage for details # What ports, IPs and protocols we listen for Port <port> # Use these options to restrict which interfaces/protocols sshd will bind to #ListenAddress :: #ListenAddress 0.0.0.0 Protocol 2 # HostKeys for protocol version 2 HostKey /etc/ssh/ssh_host_rsa_key HostKey /etc/ssh/ssh_host_dsa_key HostKey /etc/ssh/ssh_host_ecdsa_key #Privilege Separation is turned on for security UsePrivilegeSeparation yes # Lifetime and size of ephemeral version 1 server key KeyRegenerationInterval 3600 ServerKeyBits 768 # Logging SyslogFacility AUTH LogLevel INFO # Authentication: LoginGraceTime 120 PermitRootLogin yes StrictModes yes RSAAuthentication yes PubkeyAuthentication no #AuthorizedKeysFile %h/.ssh/authorized_keys # Don't read the user's ~/.rhosts and ~/.shosts files IgnoreRhosts yes # For this to work you will also need host keys in /etc/ssh_known_hosts RhostsRSAAuthentication no # similar for protocol version 2 HostbasedAuthentication no # Uncomment if you don't trust ~/.ssh/known_hosts for RhostsRSAAuthentication #IgnoreUserKnownHosts yes # To enable empty passwords, change to yes (NOT RECOMMENDED) PermitEmptyPasswords no # Change to yes to enable challenge-response passwords (beware issues with # some PAM modules and threads) ChallengeResponseAuthentication no # Change to no to disable tunnelled clear text passwords #PasswordAuthentication yes # Kerberos options #KerberosAuthentication no #KerberosGetAFSToken no #KerberosOrLocalPasswd yes #KerberosTicketCleanup yes # GSSAPI options #GSSAPIAuthentication no #GSSAPICleanupCredentials yes X11Forwarding yes X11DisplayOffset 10 PrintMotd no PrintLastLog yes TCPKeepAlive yes #UseLogin no #MaxStartups 10:30:60 #Banner /etc/issue.net # Allow client to pass locale environment variables AcceptEnv LANG LC_* Subsystem sftp /usr/lib/openssh/sftp-server # Set this to 'yes' to enable PAM authentication, account processing, # and session processing. If this is enabled, PAM authentication will # be allowed through the ChallengeResponseAuthentication and # PasswordAuthentication. Depending on your PAM configuration, # PAM authentication via ChallengeResponseAuthentication may bypass # the setting of "PermitRootLogin without-password". # If you just want the PAM account and session checks to run without # PAM authentication, then enable this but set PasswordAuthentication # and ChallengeResponseAuthentication to 'no'. UsePAM yes

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• Error Installing ruby with RVM Single User mode on Arch Linux

  - by ChrisBurnor

  I've just installed RVM on ArchLinux x64 in single user mode via the recommended install script curl -L https://get.rvm.io | bash -s stable I've also installed all the requirements listed in rvm requirements However, I'm having trouble actually installing any version of ruby. And getting the following error: arch:~ % rvm install 1.9.3 No binary rubies available for: ///ruby-1.9.3-p194. Continuing with compilation. Please read 'rvm mount' to get more information on binary rubies. Fetching yaml-0.1.4.tar.gz to /home/christopher/.rvm/archives % Total % Received % Xferd Average Speed Time Time Time Current Dload Upload Total Spent Left Speed 100 460k 100 460k 0 0 702k 0 --:--:-- --:--:-- --:--:-- 767k Extracting yaml-0.1.4.tar.gz to /home/christopher/.rvm/src Prepare yaml in /home/christopher/.rvm/src/yaml-0.1.4. Configuring yaml in /home/christopher/.rvm/src/yaml-0.1.4. Error running ' ./configure --prefix=/home/christopher/.rvm/usr ', please read /home/christopher/.rvm/log/ruby-1.9.3-p194/yaml/configure.log Compiling yaml in /home/christopher/.rvm/src/yaml-0.1.4. Error running 'make', please read /home/christopher/.rvm/log/ruby-1.9.3-p194/yaml/make.log Please note that it's required to reinstall all rubies: rvm reinstall all --force Installing Ruby from source to: /home/christopher/.rvm/rubies/ruby-1.9.3-p194, this may take a while depending on your cpu(s)... ruby-1.9.3-p194 - #downloading ruby-1.9.3-p194, this may take a while depending on your connection... ruby-1.9.3-p194 - #extracting ruby-1.9.3-p194 to /home/christopher/.rvm/src/ruby-1.9.3-p194 ruby-1.9.3-p194 - #extracted to /home/christopher/.rvm/src/ruby-1.9.3-p194 Skipping configure step, 'configure' does not exist, did autoreconf not run successfully? ruby-1.9.3-p194 - #compiling Error running 'make', please read /home/christopher/.rvm/log/ruby-1.9.3-p194/make.log There has been an error while running make. Halting the installation. The log files are as follows: arch:~ % cat ~/.rvm/log/ruby-1.9.3-p194/yaml/configure.log __rvm_log_command:32: permission denied: arch:~ % cat ~/.rvm/log/ruby-1.9.3-p194/yaml/make.log make: *** No targets specified and no makefile found. Stop. arch:~ % cat ~/.rvm/log/ruby-1.9.3-p194/make.log make: *** No targets specified and no makefile found. Stop.

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• Need to increase nginx throughput to an upstream unix socket -- linux kernel tuning?

  - by Ben Lee

  I am running an nginx server that acts as a proxy to an upstream unix socket, like this: upstream app_server { server unix:/tmp/app.sock fail_timeout=0; } server { listen ###.###.###.###; server_name whatever.server; root /web/root; try_files $uri @app; location @app { proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for; proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-Proto $scheme; proxy_set_header Host $http_host; proxy_redirect off; proxy_pass http://app_server; } } Some app server processes, in turn, pull requests off /tmp/app.sock as they become available. The particular app server in use here is Unicorn, but I don't think that's relevant to this question. The issue is, it just seems that past a certain amount of load, nginx can't get requests through the socket at a fast enough rate. It doesn't matter how many app server processes I set up, it doesn't even matter what the app is (tried it with a dummy app with just a single endpoint that returned an empty page with status 404). The bottleneck seems to be the socket, not the app. I'm getting a flood of these messages in the nginx error log: connect() to unix:/tmp/app.sock failed (11: Resource temporarily unavailable) while connecting to upstream Many requests result in status code 502, and those that don't take a long time to complete. The nginx write queue stat hovers around 1000. Anyway, I feel like I'm missing something obvious here, because this particular configuration of nginx and app server is pretty common, especially with Unicorn (it's the recommended method in fact). Are there any linux kernel options that needs to be set, or something in nginx? Any ideas about how to increase the throughput to the upstream socket? Something that I'm clearly doing wrong? Additional information on the environment: $ uname -a Linux app1 3.2.0-24-generic #39-Ubuntu SMP Mon May 21 16:52:17 UTC 2012 x86_64 x86_64 x86_64 GNU/Linux $ ruby -v ruby 1.9.3p194 (2012-04-20 revision 35410) [x86_64-linux] $ unicorn -v unicorn v4.3.1 $ nginx -V nginx version: nginx/1.2.1 built by gcc 4.6.3 (Ubuntu/Linaro 4.6.3-1ubuntu5) TLS SNI support enabled Current kernel tweaks: net.core.rmem_default = 65536 net.core.wmem_default = 65536 net.core.rmem_max = 16777216 net.core.wmem_max = 16777216 net.ipv4.tcp_rmem = 4096 87380 16777216 net.ipv4.tcp_wmem = 4096 65536 16777216 net.ipv4.tcp_mem = 16777216 16777216 16777216 net.ipv4.tcp_window_scaling = 1 net.ipv4.route.flush = 1 net.ipv4.tcp_no_metrics_save = 1 net.ipv4.tcp_moderate_rcvbuf = 1 net.core.somaxconn = 8192 net.netfilter.nf_conntrack_max = 131072

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• Why do I see a large performance hit with DRBD?

  - by BHS

  I see a much larger performance hit with DRBD than their user manual says I should get. I'm using DRBD 8.3.7 (Fedora 13 RPMs). I've setup a DRBD test and measured throughput of disk and network without DRBD: dd if=/dev/zero of=/data.tmp bs=512M count=1 oflag=direct 536870912 bytes (537 MB) copied, 4.62985 s, 116 MB/s / is a logical volume on the disk I'm testing with, mounted without DRBD iperf: [ 4] 0.0-10.0 sec 1.10 GBytes 941 Mbits/sec According to Throughput overhead expectations, the bottleneck would be whichever is slower, the network or the disk and DRBD should have an overhead of 3%. In my case network and I/O seem to be pretty evenly matched. It sounds like I should be able to get around 100 MB/s. So, with the raw drbd device, I get dd if=/dev/zero of=/dev/drbd2 bs=512M count=1 oflag=direct 536870912 bytes (537 MB) copied, 6.61362 s, 81.2 MB/s which is slower than I would expect. Then, once I format the device with ext4, I get dd if=/dev/zero of=/mnt/data.tmp bs=512M count=1 oflag=direct 536870912 bytes (537 MB) copied, 9.60918 s, 55.9 MB/s This doesn't seem right. There must be some other factor playing into this that I'm not aware of. global_common.conf global { usage-count yes; } common { protocol C; } syncer { al-extents 1801; rate 33M; } data_mirror.res resource data_mirror { device /dev/drbd1; disk /dev/sdb1; meta-disk internal; on cluster1 { address 192.168.33.10:7789; } on cluster2 { address 192.168.33.12:7789; } } For the hardware I have two identical machines: 6 GB RAM Quad core AMD Phenom 3.2Ghz Motherboard SATA controller 7200 RPM 64MB cache 1TB WD drive The network is 1Gb connected via a switch. I know that a direct connection is recommended, but could it make this much of a difference? Edited I just tried monitoring the bandwidth used to try to see what's happening. I used ibmonitor and measured average bandwidth while I ran the dd test 10 times. I got: avg ~450Mbits writing to ext4 avg ~800Mbits writing to raw device It looks like with ext4, drbd is using about half the bandwidth it uses with the raw device so there's a bottleneck that is not the network.

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• How do I protect a low budget network from rogue DHCP servers?

  - by Kenned

  I am helping a friend manage a shared internet connection in an apartment buildling with 80 apartments - 8 stairways with 10 apartments in each. The network is laid out with the internet router at one end of the building, connected to a cheap non-managed 16 port switch in the first stairway where the first 10 apartments are also connected. One port is connected to another 16 port cheapo switch in the next stairway, where those 10 apartments are connected, and so forth. Sort of a daisy chain of switches, with 10 apartments as spokes on each "daisy". The building is a U-shape, approximately 50 x 50 meters, 20 meters high - so from the router to the farthest apartment it’s probably around 200 meters including up-and-down stairways. We have a fair bit of problems with people hooking up wifi-routers the wrong way, creating rogue DHCP servers which interrupt large groups of the users and we wish to solve this problem by making the network smarter (instead of doing a physical unplugging binary search). With my limited networking skills, I see two ways - DHCP-snooping or splitting the entire network into separate VLANS for each apartment. Separate VLANS gives each apartment their own private connection to the router, while DHCP snooping will still allow LAN gaming and file sharing. Will DHCP snooping work with this kind of network topology, or does that rely on the network being in a proper hub-and-spoke-configuration? I am not sure if there are different levels of DHCP snooping - say like expensive Cisco switches will do anything, but inexpensive ones like TP-Link, D-Link or Netgear will only do it in certain topologies? And will basic VLAN support be good enough for this topology? I guess even cheap managed switches can tag traffic from each port with it’s own VLAN tag, but when the next switch in the daisy chain receives the packet on it’s “downlink” port, wouldn’t it strip or replace the VLAN tag with it’s own trunk-tag (or whatever the name is for the backbone traffic). Money is tight, and I don’t think we can afford professional grade Cisco (I have been campaigning for this for years), so I’d love some advice on which solution has the best support on low-end network equipment and if there are some specific models that are recommended? For instance low-end HP switches or even budget brands like TP-Link, D-Link etc. If I have overlooked another way to solve this problem it is due to my lack of knowledge. :)

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• Stop squid caching 302 and 307 with deny_info

  - by 0xception

  TLDR: 302, 307 and Error pages are being cached. Need to force a refresh of the content. Long version: I've setup a very minimal squid instance running on a gateway which shouldn't not cache ANYTHING but needs to be solely used as a domain based web filter. I'm using another application which redirects un-authenticated users to the proxy which then uses the deny_info option redirects any non-whitelisted request to the login page. After the user has authenticated the firewall rule gets placed so they no longer get sent to the proxy. The problem is that when a user hits a website (xkcd.com) they are unauthenticated so they get redirected via the firewall: iptables -A unknown-user -t nat -p tcp --dport 80 -j REDIRECT --to-port 39135 to the proxy at this point squid redirects the user to the login page using a 302 (i've also tried 307, and i've also make sure the headers are set to no-cache and/or no-store for Cache-Control and Pragma). Then when the user logs into the system they get firewall rule which no longer directs them to the squid proxy. But if they go to xkcd.com again they will have the original redirection page cached and will once again get the login page. Any idea how to force these redirects to NOT be cached by the browser? Perhaps this is a problem w/ the browsers and not squid, but not sure how to get around it. Full squid config below. # # Recommended minimum configuration: # acl manager proto cache_object acl localhost src 127.0.0.1/32 ::1 acl to_localhost dst 127.0.0.0/8 0.0.0.0/32 ::1 acl localnet src 192.168.182.0/23 # RFC1918 possible internal network acl localnet src fc00::/7 # RFC 4193 local private network range acl localnet src fe80::/10 # RFC 4291 link-local (directly plugged) machines acl https port 443 acl http port 80 acl CONNECT method CONNECT # # Disable Cache # cache deny all via off negative_ttl 0 seconds refresh_all_ims on #error_default_language en # Allow manager access only from localhost http_access allow manager localhost http_access deny manager # Deny access to anything other then http http_access deny !http # Deny CONNECT to other than secure SSL ports http_access deny CONNECT !https visible_hostname gate.ovatn.net # Disable memory pooling memory_pools off # Never use neigh cache objects for cgi-bin scripts hierarchy_stoplist cgi-bin ? # # URL rewrite Test Settings # #acl whitelist dstdomain "/etc/squid/domains-pre.lst" #url_rewrite_program /usr/lib/squid/redirector #url_rewrite_access allow !whitelist #url_rewrite_children 5 startup=0 idle=1 concurrency=0 #http_access allow all # # Deny Info Error Test # acl whitelist dstdomain "/etc/squid/domains-pre.lst" deny_info http://login.domain.com/ whitelist #deny_info ERR_ACCESS_DENIED whitelist http_access deny !whitelist http_access allow whitelist http_port 39135 transparent ## Debug Values access_log /var/log/squid/access-pre.log cache_log /var/log/squid/cache-pre.log # Production Values #access_log /dev/null #cache_log /dev/null # Set PID file pid_filename /var/run/gatekeeper-pre.pid SOLUTION: I believe I might have found a solution to this. After days and days trying to figure it out, only through a random stumble I found client_persistent_connections off server_persistent_connections off This did the trick. So it wasn't so much cache as it was a single persistent connection messing things up. W000T!

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• Accessing guests on virtual network when connected to host via PPTP

  - by Viktor Elofsson

  I'm setting up a development machine which runs Ubuntu 12.04 and KVM for virtualization. I have a guest running Ubuntu 12.04 which can be accessed from the host via its IP address which is assigned by libvirt. The guest can also access the internet, no problem there. However, now I want to setup PPTP so I can connect to the host (from my workstation running Windows 7) and directly access guests without relying on SSH port forwarding. I can connect from my W7-machine to the host (PPTP), but I cannot access any virtual machines (which are accessable from the host directly). Relevant configuration files cat /etc/network/interfaces auto lo iface lo inet loopback # device: eth0 auto eth0 iface eth0 inet static address x.x.x.x broadcast x.x.x.x netmask x.x.x.x gateway x.x.x.x # default route to access subnet up route add -net x.x.x.x netmask x.x.x.x gw x.x.x.x eth0 virsh net-edit default <network> <name>default</name> <uuid>xxxxxxxx-72ce-3c20-af0f-d3a010f1bef0</uuid> <forward mode='nat'/> <bridge name='virbr0' stp='on' delay='0' /> <mac address='52:54:00:xx:xx:xx'/> <ip address='192.168.122.1' netmask='255.255.255.0'> <dhcp> <range start='192.168.122.2' end='192.168.122.254' /> <host mac='52:54:00:yy:yy:yy' name='web1' ip='192.168.122.11' /> </dhcp> </ip> </network> cat /etc/pptpd.conf (commented lines removed) # TAG: option # Specifies the location of the PPP options file. # By default PPP looks in '/etc/ppp/options' # option /etc/ppp/pptpd-options # TAG: logwtmp # Use wtmp(5) to record client connections and disconnections. # logwtmp #(Recommended) localip 192.168.122.1 remoteip 192.168.122.234-238,192.168.122.245 cat /etc/ppp/chap-secrets* # Secrets for authentication using CHAP # client server secret IP addresses xxxxx * yyyyyyyyyy 192.168.122.100 I get the correct IP address when connecting my W7-machine, but when I try to ping the virtual machine at 192.168.122.11 I get Reply from 192.168.122.1: Destination port unreachable. It's probably something trivial I'm missing but I can't for the life of me figure out what it is. So I'm turning to you, serverfault.

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• networking tunnel adapter connections?

  - by Karthik Balaguru

  I understand that Tunnel Adapter LAN is for encapsulating IPv6 packets with an IPv4 header so that they can be sent across an IPv4 network. Few queries popped up in my mind based on this :- If i do 'ipconfig', Apart from ethernet adapter LAN details, I get a series of statments as below - Tunnel adapter Local Area Connection* 6 Tunnel adapter Local Area Connection* 7 Tunnel adapter Local Area Connection* 12 Tunnel adapter Local Area Connection* 13 Tunnel adapter Local Area Connection* 14 Tunnel adapter Local Area Connection* 15 Tunnel adapter Local Area Connection* 16 Except for the *16, all the other Tunnel Adapter Local Area Connections show Media Disconnected. Why is the numbering for the Tunnel adapter LAN not sequential? It is like 6, 7, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16. A strange numbering scheme! I tried to figure it out by thinking of some arithmetic series. But, it does not seem to fit in. There is a huge gap between 7 and 12. Any ideas? What is the need for so many Tunnel Adapter LAN connections? Can you tell me a scenario that requires all of those ? I did ipconfig /all to get more information. From the listing, I understand that: 16, 15, 14, 12 are Microsoft 6to4 Adapters 13, 6 are isatap Adapters 7 is Teredo Tunneling Pseudo-interface I understand that the above are for automatic tunneling so that the tunnel endpoints are determined automatically by the routing infrastructure. 6to4 is recommended by RFC3056 for automatic tunneling that uses protocol 41 for encapsulation. It is typically used when an end-user wants to connect to the IPv6 Internet using their existing IPv4 connection. Teredo is an automatic tunneling technique that uses UDP encapsulation across multiple NATs. That is, It is to grant IPv6 connectivity to nodes that are located behind IPv6-unaware NAT devices ISATAP treats the IPv4 network as a virtual IPv6 local link, with mappings from each IPv4 address to a link-local IPv6 address. That is to transmit IPv6 packets between dual-stack nodes on top of an IPv4 network. That is, to put in simple words, ISATAP is an intra-site mechanism, while the 6to4 and Teredo are for inter-site tunnelling mechanisms. It seems that Teredo should alone enabled by default in Vista, But my system does not show it to be enabled by default. Interestingly, it shows a 6to4 tunnel adapter (Tunnel adapter LAN connection 16) to be enabled by default? Any specific reasons for it? If i do ipconfig /all, why is only one Teredo present while four 6to4 are present ? I searched the internet for answers to the above queries, but I am unable to find clear answers.

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• How can I repair my USB drive?

  - by yurko

  USB drive is in read only state and I can't repair it. First of all I tried erase it using dd: root@yurko-laptop:/home/yurko-laptop# ls -l /dev/disk/by-id | grep usb lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 9 ??? 18 23:45 usb-Generic_Flash_Disk_C173828A-0:0 -> ../../sdb lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 10 ??? 18 23:45 usb-Generic_Flash_Disk_C173828A-0:0-part1 -> ../../sdb1 root@yurko-laptop:/home/yurko-laptop# dd if=/dev/zero of=/dev/sdb dd: ?????? ? «/dev/sdb»: ?? ?????????? ????????? ????? 8257537+0 ??????? ??????? 8257536+0 ??????? ???????? ??????????? 4227858432 ????? (4,2 GB), 942,633 c, 4,5 MB/c After that I wanted to create new filesystem using fdisk: root@yurko-laptop:/home/yurko-laptop# fdisk /dev/sdb You will not be able to write the partition table. WARNING: DOS-compatible mode is deprecated. It's strongly recommended to switch off the mode (command 'c') and change display units to sectors (command 'u'). Command (m for help): p Disk /dev/sdb: 4227 MB, 4227858432 bytes 4 heads, 63 sectors/track, 32768 cylinders Units = cylinders of 252 * 512 = 129024 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x00000000 Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sdb1 18 32768 4126596 b W95 FAT32 Command (m for help): fdisk showed that the partition still exists and I can't write the partition table. I tried to delete the existing partition: Command (m for help): d Selected partition 1 Command (m for help): w Unable to write /dev/sdb root@yurko-laptop:/home/yurko-laptop# Why am I not be able to write the partition table? Does it mean that some hardware failure occurred? And is it possible to repair the current USB drive? I've tried to use hdparm and it showed that the readonly flag is on: root@yurko-laptop:/home/yurko-laptop# hdparm /dev/sdb /dev/sdb: SG_IO: bad/missing sense data, sb[]: f0 00 05 00 00 00 00 0a 00 00 00 00 26 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 multcount = 0 (off) readonly = 1 (on) readahead = 256 (on) geometry = 1016/131/62, sectors = 8257536, start = 0

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