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  • What are good uses for Python3's "Function Annotations"

    - by agscala
    Function Annotations: PEP-3107 I ran across a snippet of code demonstrating Python3's function annotations. The concept is simple but I can't think of why these were implemented in Python3 or any good uses for them. Perhaps SO can enlighten me? How it works: def foo(a: 'x', b: 5 + 6, c: list) -> max(2, 9): ... function body ... Everything following the colon after an argument is an 'annotation', and the information following the -> is an annotation for the function's return value. foo.func_annotations would return a dictionary: {'a': 'x', 'b': 11, 'c': list, 'return': 9} What's the significance of having this available?

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  • How to Break out of multiple loops at once in C#?

    - by Rosarch
    What if I have nested loops, and I want to break out of all of them at once? while (true) { // ... while (shouldCont) { // ... while (shouldGo) { // ... if (timeToStop) { break; // break out of everything? } } } } In PHP, break takes an argument for the number of loops to break out of. Can something like this be done in C#? What about something hideous, like goto? // in the innermost loop goto BREAK // ... BREAK: break; break; break;

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  • Array::ConvertAll in managed C++

    - by danny.lesnik
    This is a continuation from this post. I'm trying to parse this string in managed C++: String ^ rgba = "[0.09019608,0.5176471,0.9058824,1]"; cli::array<System::Double> ^ RGB = System::Array::ConvertAll<String,cli::array<System::Double> >((rgba->Substring(1,rgba->Length-2)->Split(',')),double::Parse); Compiler throws me the following error: Error 15 error C2770: invalid explicit generic argument(s) for 'cli::array<Type,dimension> ^System::Array::ConvertAll(cli::array<TInput,1> ^,System::Converter<TInput,TOutput> ^)' What am I doing wrong?

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  • Howto disable the emacs site-start files permanently?

    - by elemakil
    When solving this problem I figured out that I need to disable the site-wise init files in order to get my emacs + CEDET running (everything works nicely when starting emacs using emacs --no-site-file but is broken without the additional argument). I'd like to disable the site-wise init files permanently but as I'm using several different approaches/methods when launching emacs (launcher/panel/terminal) I don't think aliasing it in my .zshrc won't work. I require a method to permanently disable all site-start files. Is there any easy way to achieve this? Thanks!

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  • c++: use a #define in printf?

    - by John
    I was wanting to use a constant of some kind for the application ID (so I can use it in printf). I had this: #define _APPID_ "Hello World!" And then the simple printf, calling it into %s (string). It put this out: simple.cpp:32: error: cannot convert ‘_IO_FILE*’ to ‘const char*’ for argument ‘1’ to ‘int printf(const char*, ...)’ What would I use to define the application ID to use in printf? I tried: static const char _APPID_[] = "Hello World"` but it didn't work, same error I think.

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  • using setSfGuardUser() to save the current user in the model

    - by user334017
    My application makes use of the sfGuardUser plugin. One of my tables has a relation onto the sf_guard_user table so there is a corresponding setSfGuardUser() function in the base model. From Actions.class.php, I am attempting to set the current user into the object using this function, (Which I then save in the database). my attempt: ->setSfGuardUser($this->getUser()); //called from inside Actions.class.php this throws an error: Couldn't call Doctrine_Core::set(), second argument should be an instance of Doctrine_Record or Doctrine_Null when setting one-to-one references. ...# at Doctrine_Record->coreSetRelated('sfGuardUser', object('myUser')) Which makes me think that getUser() is not returning a sfGuardUser object, though I don't know how to check this. Can anyone offer any insight?

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  • What is the role of asserts in C++ programs that have unit tests?

    - by lhumongous
    Greetings, I've been adding unit tests to some legacy C++ code, and I've run into many scenarios where an assert inside a function will get tripped during a unit test run. A common idiom that I've run across is functions that take pointer arguments and immediately assert if the argument is NULL. I could easily get around this by disabling asserts when I'm unit testing. But I'm starting to wonder if unit tests are supposed to alleviate the need for runtime asserts. Is this a correct assessment? Are unit tests supposed to replace runtime asserts by happening sooner in the pipeline (ie: the error is caught in a failing test instead of when the program is running). On the other hand, I don't like adding soft fails to code (eg: if(param == NULL) return false;). A runtime assert at least makes it easier to debug a problem in case a unit test missed a bug. Thanks!

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  • Is it possible to start an activity from a regular java class?

    - by Yotam
    In my ActionBarSherlock I have the same menu items for all activities, so it seems unwise to define onClick handlers in each activity - they all do the same. Instead I created a class called MyClickListener that implements com.actionbarsherlock.view.MenuItem.OnMenuItemClickListener, and in there I have a simple switch block that starts the appropriate activity. Problem is that Intent constructor's first argument is of type Context, and even when I pass this to MyClickListener's constructor, I can't start any activity. The same goes for every method that has a Context object as a parameter. Is there a way to work around it? What is a context object? Thanks

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  • Generate Permutations of a List

    - by Eric Mercer
    I'm writing a function that takes a list and returns a list of permutations of the argument. I know how to do it by using a function that removes an element and then recursively use that function to generate all permutations. I now have a problem where I want to use the following function: (define (insert-everywhere item lst) (define (helper item L1 L2) (if (null? L2) (cons (append L1 (cons item '())) '()) (cons (append L1 (cons item L2)) (helper item (append L1 (cons (car L2) '())) (cdr L2))))) (helper item '() lst)) This function will insert the item into every possible location of the list, like the following: (insert-everywhere 1 '(a b)) will get: '((1 a b) (a 1 b) (a b 1)) How would I use this function to get all permutations of a list? I now have: (define (permutations lst) (if (null? lst) '() (insert-helper (car lst) (permutations (cdr lst))))) (define (insert-helper item lst) (cond ((null? lst) '()) (else (append (insert-everywhere item (car lst)) (insert-helper item (cdr lst)))))) but doing (permutations '(1 2 3)) just returns the empty list '().

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  • C++: Keep track of times function is called.

    - by Brundle
    Keeping track of how many times a function is called is easy when passing the counter as an argument into the function. It's also easy when returning a one from the called function. But, I do not want to go that route. The reason behind this is because it seems like bad programming (letting the function know too much information). Is there a better way to keep track of how many times this function has been called? I'm just looking for concepts that I could study. Providing code examples is not neccessary, but might be helpful.

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  • C# dll import function correctly

    - by poco
    I am trying to import a function from a c dll into C#. The c function looks like this unsigned short write_buffer( unsigned short device_number, unsigned short word_count, unsigned long buffer_link, unsigned short* buffer) my attempt at a C# import looks like this [DllImport("sslib32.dll", CharSet = CharSet.Ansi, SetLastError = true)] private static extern ushort write_buffer(ushort deviceNumber, ushort wordCount, UInt32 bufferLink, IntPtr buffer) In C# i have a Dictionary of messages that i would like to pass to this function. The Dictionary looks like this: Dictionary<string, List<ushort>> msgs I am a bit confused how to make a make a proper call to pass msgs as the buffer. deviceNumber is 2, wordCount is 32, and buffLink is 0. So i know the call should look something like this write_buffer(2,32,0, msgs[key]); Obviously i am getting an invalid argument for the IntPtr. What is the proper way to make this call?

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  • Django: do I need to do HttpResponseRedirect to render a simple string after a POST?

    - by AP257
    I've got a mobile app that makes POST requests to a Django site. I want to return a simple string (not a template-based page) after the app makes the POST request, saying 'Success' or 'Failure' as appropriate. However I know that after a POST request in Django you're supposed to do a HttpResponseRedirect. But, do I really need to redirect to another page and write a new function to handle it, all to output a string? And if so, how do I pass the success/failure status of the app in the HttpResponseRedirect, since it's only supposed to take one argument? Thanks!

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  • How do I change the class of an object to a subclass of its current class in C++?

    - by Jared P
    I have an array of pointers to a base class, so that I can make those pointers point to (different) subclasses of the base class, but still interact with them. (really only a couple of methods which I made virtual and overloaded) I'm wondering if I can avoid using the pointers, and instead just make an array of the base class, but have some way to set the class to the subclass of my choosing. I know there must be something there specifying the class, as it needs to use that to look up the function pointer for virtual methods. By the way, the subclasses all have the same ivars and layout. Note: the design is actually based on using a template argument instead of a variable, due to performance increases, so really the abstract base class is just the interface for the subclasses, which are all the same except for their compiled code. Thanks

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  • Commenting system for CakePHP blog tutorial

    - by Ryan
    I'm building off the CakePHP tutorial for the blog engine by adding comments to each post. I am able to add comments by selecting the post that it should be attached to, via a select box. I would like to be able to click an "Add Comment" link within the post and have the association to the post formed programatically. I am unsure how I can pass the post_id to the add method within my comments_controller. The body of my add method is the auto-generated scaffold code. Is it as easy as adding a $postId argument to the add method and write this to the post_id in my comments model? This doesn't feel right though, since I would expect add to be called when my submit button is click on my comments add view. Thanks all.

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  • Determining Terminal lines/cols via PHP CLI

    - by eFrane
    I know that it is quite easy to figure out a terminal's size parameters via the stty -a command. When using local CLI PHP scripts, there is no problem at all on grabbing that output via system() or so. But I am trying the same thing via a php script started from an ssh command. Sadly, all that stty ever returns is: stty: standard input: Invalid argument. The calling code is: exec('stty -a | head -n 1', $query); echo $query[0]; So the question is: If I can output to the terminal and read input from it (e.g. can fread() from STDIN and fwrite() to STDOUT in PHP, shouldn't stty also have valid STDIN and STDOUT?

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  • Mathematica & J/Link: Memory Constraints?

    - by D-Bug
    I am doing a computing-intensive benchmark using Mathematica and its J/Link Java interface. The benchmark grinds to a halt if a memory footprint of about 320 MB is reached, since this seems to be the limit and the garbage collector needs more and more time and will eventually fail. The Mathematica function ReinstallJava takes the argument command line. I tried to do ReinstallJava[CommandLine -> "java -Xmx2000m ..."] but Mathematica seems to ignore the -Xmx option completely. How can I set the -Xmx memory option for my java program? Where does the limit of 320 MB come from? Any help would be greatly appreciated.

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  • JavaScript eval() with `this`

    - by mojuba
    If I define a JavaScript code snippet in my HTML, like so: <div id=myElem onMyUpdate="alert('Update called for ' + this.id)">... then what is the most elegant way of evaluating it from within JavaScript with this properly assigned? What I came up with so far is something like this: if (elem.hasAttribute('onMyUpdate')) (function () { eval(elem.getAttribute('onMyUpdate')) }).call(elem); which looks terrible (to me), but works. Any better/more elegant alternatives? MDN says there used to be the second argument to eval() for doing just that but it's deprecated now; MDN then suggests to use operator with() instead, which, if you follow the link provided, turns out to be made deprecated by the latest standard. Dead end, in other words. (As a side note, StackOverflow ignores the word this in search terms and thus it may miss relevant answers - is there a way of telling it not to?) Edit: I forgot to mention: no jQuery please, just vanilla JavaScript

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  • Explicitly persist states in Workflow 4.0 rather than everything.

    - by jlafay
    I have ran into an issue with my SQL instance store attached to a WorkflowApplication that is running. When I exit my application I'm calling an Unload() on the WF app to persist it. I didn't think about it during design time, but it does makes sense, it's persisting an arg that was passed in to the WorkflowApplication constructor when instanced. When the application runs, everything in the workflow works as expected. When I call Unload() I get an unhandled exception that states that the arg is not serializable and needs [DataContractAttribute]. What's passed into the workflow is my applications custom logger object that I wrote so that the WF can log to disk in a uniform way that I prefer. How do I prevent the workflow app from persisting this one argument and persist everything else? I'm sure something can be done with extensions but I'm having a hard time finding info on them or finding persistence examples for my scenario.

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  • Equivalent of object using literal notation

    - by brz dot net
    See following class: function availItem(xs, s, m, l, xl) { this.xs = xs; this.s = s; this.m = m; this.l = l; this.xl = xl; } How can I declare the above class using JSON? I think It should be in following manner but problem is to pass argument. var availItem = { xs : xs, s : s, m : m, l : l, xl : xl } I want to use both in same manner like var obj =new availItem(xs,s,b,l,xl);

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  • rake test and test_structure.sql

    - by korinthe
    First of all, I have to run "rake RAILS_ENV=test ..." to get the test suites to hit my test DB. Annoying but ok to live with. However when I do so, I get a long stream of errors like so: > rake RAILS_ENV=test -I test test:units psql:/path/to/project/db/test_structure.sql:33: ERROR: function "armor" already exists with same argument types [and many more] It looks like some DB definitions are getting unnecessarily reloaded. I can't find any mention of this on Google, so I was wondering whether others have seen this? I am using a PostgreSQL database with the following in my environment.rb: config.active_record.schema_format = :sql and using Rails 2.3.5 with rake 0.8.7.

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  • Java: How to get Unicode name of a character (or its type category)?

    - by java.is.for.desktop
    Hello, everyone! The Character class in Java defines methods which check a given char argument for equality with certain Unicode chars or for belonging to some type category. These chars and type categories are named. As stated in given javadoc, examples for named chars are HORIZONTAL TABULATION, FORM FEED, ...; example for named type categories are SPACE_SEPARATOR, PARAGRAPH_SEPARATOR, ... However, being byte or int values instead of enums, the name of these types are "hidden" at runtime. So, is there a possibility to get characters' and/or type categories' names at runtime?

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  • C++ wrapper for C library

    - by Maximilien
    Hi, Recently I found a C library that I want to use in my C++ project. This code is configured with global variables and writes it's output to memory pointed by static pointers. When I execute my project I would like 2 instances of the C program to run: one with configuration A and one with configuration B. I can't afford to run my program twice, so I think there are 2 options: Make a C++ wrapper: The problem here is that the wrapper-class should contain all global/static variables the C library has. Since the functions in the C library use those variables I will have to create very big argument-lists for those functions. Copy-paste the C library: Here I'll have to adapt the name of every function and every variable inside the C library. Which one is the fastest solution? Are there other possibilities to run 2 instances of the same C source? Thanks, Max

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  • C++ new line not translating

    - by m3n
    First off, I'm a complete beginner at C++. I'm coding something using an API, and would like to pass text containing new lines to it, and have it print out the new lines at the other end. If I hardcode whatever I want it to print out, like so printInApp("Hello\nWorld"); it does come out as separate lines in the other end, but if I retrieve the text from the app using a method that returns a const char then pass it straight to printInApp (which takes const char as argument), it comes out as a single line. Why's this and how would I go about to fix it?

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  • How to print size_t variable portably?

    - by ArunSaha
    I have a variable of type size_t, and I want to print it using printf(). What format specifier do I use to print it portably? In 32-bit machine, %u seems right. I compiled with g++ -g -W -Wall -Werror -ansi -pedantic, and there was no warning. But when I compile that code in 64-bit machine, it produces warning. size_t x = <something>; printf( "size = %u\n", x ); warning: format '%u' expects type 'unsigned int', but argument 2 has type 'long unsigned int' The warning goes away, as expected, if I change that to %lu. The question is, how can I write the code, so that it compiles warning free on both 32- and 64- bit machines? Edit: I guess one answer might be to "cast" the variable into an unsigned long, and print using %lu. That would work in both cases. I am looking if there is any other idea. (C, C++)

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  • How can unit testing make parameter validation redundant?

    - by Johann Gerell
    We have a convention to validate all parameters of constructors and public functions/methods. For mandatory parameters of reference type, we mainly check for non-null and that's the chief validation in constructors, where we set up mandatory dependencies of the type. The number one reason why we do this is to catch that error early and not get a null reference exception a few hours down the line without knowing where or when the faulty parameter was introduced. As we start transitioning to more and more TDD, some team members feel the validation is redundant. Uncle Bob, who is a vocal advocate of TDD, strongly advices against doing parameter validation. His main argument seems to be "I have a suite of unit tests that makes sure everything works". But I can for the life of it just not see in what way unit tests can prevent our developers from calling these methods with bad parameters in production code. Please, unit testers out there, if you could explain this to me in a rational way with concrete examples, I'd be more than happy to seize this parameter validation!

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