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  • Disk fragmentation when dealing with many small files

    - by Zorlack
    On a daily basis we generate about 3.4 Million small jpeg files. We also delete about 3.4 Million 90 day old images. To date, we've dealt with this content by storing the images in a hierarchical manner. The heriarchy is something like this: /Year/Month/Day/Source/ This heirarchy allows us to effectively delete days worth of content across all sources. The files are stored on a Windows 2003 server connected to a 14 disk SATA RAID6. We've started having significant performance issues when writing-to and reading-from the disks. This may be due to the performance of the hardware, but I suspect that disk fragmentation bay be a culprit at well. Some people have recommended storing the data in a database, but I've been hesitant to do this. An other thought was to use some sort of container file, like a VHD or something. Does anyone have any advice for mitigating this kind of fragmentation?

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  • how to skip grub dual boot option menu entirely (without picking an OS to boot)

    - by bevcan izBevk
    I'd like to skip the entire Grub 2 interface, where I have to decide booting Linux or Windows im running linux ubuntu lastest version (14.04.1 LTS) and windows 8.1 both 64 bit versions. I've installed easyBCD software, which I want to use as (my only) boot manager. Issue: whenever I run my computer, I get grub interface to pick Linux or Windows, after that I get easyBCD interface where I have to pick linux or windows again. If both choices are the same, proper system boots, else I get thrown back to beggining (grub UI). I'd like to somehow delete / skip grub from appearing. TLDR title :) thank you for helping!

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  • Network Table assistance

    - by mitchnufc
    I am designing a small network and have came up with the following table I am just wondering if this seems right, would appreciate some feedback, thanks. Network/Router First IP Last IP Subnet Host Broadcast Router 1 162.10.0.1 162.10.0.7 255.255.255.248 162.10.0.0 162.10.0.8 Network 1 162.10.1.1 162.10.2.253 255.255.254.0 162.10.1.0 162.10.2.254 Network 2 162.10.0.9 162.10.0.14 255.255.255.248 162.10.0.8 162.10.0.15 Router 2 162.10.0.17 162.10.0.18 255.255.255.252 162.10.0.16 162.10.0.19 Network 3 162.10.0.21 162.10.0.146 255.255.255.128 162.10.0.20 162.10.0.147 Router one is the IP assigned by the ISP

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  • Excel Single column into rows, VBA script insight

    - by Sanityvoid
    Okay, so much similiar to the below link but mine is a bit different. Paginate Rows into Columns in Excel I have a lot of data in column A, I want to take every 14 to 15 rows and make them a new row with multiple columns. I'm trying to get it into a format where SQL can intake the data. I figured the best way was to get them into rows then make a CSV with the data. So it would like like below: (wow, the format totally didn't stick when posting) column A column B C D etc 1 1 2 3 x 2 16 17 a b 3 x y z 15 16 17 a b c I can clarify if needed, but I'm stumped on how to get the data out of the single column with so many rows in the column. Thanks for the help!!!

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  • Host data transfer limit calculations and network protocol headers

    - by UpTheCreek
    OK, this might be a really stupid question, but... I'm building a web app that utilises websockets. There's fairly rapid messaging going on, so I've been taking a look at the network traffic with wireshark, to see if there's any way of reducing the amount of data we are sending over the wire, and hence costs. A typical message has approx 150 byte data payload, and according to wireshark the lower layer stuff takes up about: Ethernet: 14 bytes IP: 20 Bytes TCP: 20 Bytes My question is, are these network headers included in data transfer calculations? What about TCP ACK messages? (another 54 bytes according to wireshark) This may seem petty, but because we have so much messaging going on, and because the payload is a similar size to these headers, it's significant.

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  • What is stable as Ubuntu in kernel space, but also cutting-edge as Fedora in user land?

    - by HRJ
    I am a long time Fedora user (since Fedora 6). Previously I have used Gentoo (for 2 years) and Slackware (for 5 years). The thing I liked about Fedora is frequency of package updates + great community. But lately I have noticed that Fedora is becoming too cutting-edge, nay, bleeding-edge. They changed the DNS client to be strict, without any warning, which broke some of their own packages for two Fedora releases. More critically, their LVM modules are not compatible across Fedora 12, 13, 14 (sometimes). Ubuntu is nicely polished but seems too stable for my liking. Some of the user-space applications are two major version numbers behind (even in testing or unstable or whatever they call it). Is there any Linux distro that has the stability of Ubuntu in kernel space and the bleeding edge in applications (especially harmless applications like, say, Stellarium)?

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  • VMWare Lab Manager: What's the best way to build Library Configurations?

    - by mcohen75
    We're using Lab Manager within our QA group. We use it to quickly deliver environments we need for testing. We have 25 Templates, 14 Library Configurations and counting. To build up our templates we: Create a base template that is a bare bones version of Server 2008 + basic configuration (Windows Update, Firewall exceptions) Create a linked clone for each Server template we need (SQL Server 08, 05, etc) Repeat for other OS's, like Windows 7 and Windows XP Then we create configurations: Create a workspace configuration with multiple images in it (Say Server 08 w/SQL Server and Windows 7) Deploy the configuration and make some minor configuration changes Undeploy and Capture to Library How do we keep this manageable? When I need to update a configuration, should I: Rebuild it from templates Clone it to a workspace, make changes, recapture it to the library keep the configuration in my workspace (don't delete it after capturing it to library), deploy it to make changes and then re-capture to library

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  • JSF - Random Number using Beans (JAVA)

    - by Alex Encore Tr
    I am trying to create a jsf application which, upon page refresh increments the hit counter and generates two random numbers. What should be displayed on the window may look something like this: On your On your roll x you have thrown x and x For this program I decided to create two Beans, one to hold the page refresh counter and one to generate a random number. Those look like this for the moment: CounterBean.java package diceroll; public class CounterBean { int count=0; public CounterBean() { } public void setCount(int count) { this.count=count; } public int getCount() { count++; return count; } } RandomNumberBean.java package diceroll; import java.util.Random; public class RandomNumberBean { int rand=0; Random r = new Random(); public RandomNumberBean() { rand = r.nextInt(6); } public void setNextInt(int rand) { this.rand=rand; } public int getNextInt() { return rand; } } I have then created an index.jsp to display the above message. <html> <%@ taglib uri="http://java.sun.com/jsf/core" prefix="f"%> <%@ taglib uri="http://java.sun.com/jsf/html" prefix="h"%> <f:view> <head> <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=ISO-8859-1"> <title>Roll the Dice</title> </head> <body> <h:form> <p> On your roll # <h:outputText value="#{CounterBean.count} " /> you have thrown <h:outputText value="#{RandomNumberBean.rand}" />and <h:outputText value="#{RandomNumberBean.rand} " /> </p> </h:form> </body> </f:view> </html> However, when I run the application, I get the following message: org.apache.jasper.el.JspPropertyNotFoundException: /index.jsp(14,20) '#{RandomNumberBean.rand}' Property 'rand' not found on type diceroll.RandomNumberBean Caused by: org.apache.jasper.el.JspPropertyNotFoundException - /index.jsp(14,20) '#{RandomNumberBean.rand}' Property 'rand' not found on type diceroll.RandomNumberBean I suppose there's a mistake with my faces-config.xml file, so I will post this here as well, see if somebody can provide some help: faces-config.xml <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <faces-config xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-facesconfig_2_0.xsd" version="2.0"> <managed-bean> <managed-bean-name>CounterBean</managed-bean-name> <managed-bean-class>diceroll.CounterBean</managed-bean-class> <managed-bean-scope>session</managed-bean-scope> </managed-bean> <managed-bean> <managed-bean-name>RandomNumberBean</managed-bean-name> <managed-bean-class>diceroll.RandomNumberBean</managed-bean-class> <managed-bean-scope>session</managed-bean-scope> </managed-bean> </faces-config>

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  • Solaris kstat sdX disk nread counter value decreasing

    - by mykhal
    I get strange disk io nread (bytes read) counter values (from kstat) on Solaris. Example of collected nread value for sd6 disk collected in 30s interval (command kstat -n sd6): 768579416 768579416 768579416 768579416 768579416 768579416 768579416 768496080 768496080 768496080 768496080 768496080 768496080 768496080 768496080 768530896 768530896 768447560 768447560 768447560 One would suppose that the relative read bytes count can't be negative.. I wonder what can couse this situation and whether there is more reliable disk io data available. Some info about the system: machine:~ # uname -a SunOS machine 5.10 Generic_127112-11 i86pc i386 i86pc machine:~ # cat /etc/release Solaris 10 11/06 s10x_u3wos_10 X86 Copyright 2006 Sun Microsystems, Inc. All Rights Reserved. Use is subject to license terms. Assembled 14 November 2006

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  • Boot.ini on Windows Server 2003 R2

    - by Jason H.
    I have a Windows Server 2003 R2 with 48 GB of RAM; server has been running strong for quite some time. Recently our boot.ini was modified causing issues, most likely by our remote administrators. Now the server is only showing 14 GB of RAM. This has caused major performance issues for our end users. Our remote administrators have stated "we don't change the boot.ini settings(switches)". However, I know for a fact that all of the local administrators have not modified the switches (due to lack of permissions). The real question.. Is it possible to "audit" who has modified the boot.ini? If thats not possible, can the boot.ini be set via startup? Any help would be greatly appreciated. This is an ongoing issue that I would love to resolve.

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  • Man pages in Linux

    - by Ayos
    I don't seem to have all the man pages that I need. For example, my college computers (running Fedora 14) have man pages for ASCII, all the standard C libraries (stdlib.h, stdio.h) and so on and so forth. I wish to "install" these pages, after looking up on the Internet I couldn't really find anything that made sense. How can I get, say, the man-page of ASCII (I know it's not really a command or a daemon or anything like that, but typing man ASCII on the college computer gets me a page with the ASCII value table + a little more information). I don't want to keep using the Internet for looking up man pages every time I need to look up a function, function prototype or the ASCII table or something like that.

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  • HP MSA 1000 SAN: Can I use 1 array/shelf?

    - by CC
    Hi all, I'm planning some expansion on an HP MSA1000 SAN. My boss says that we need to have two separate arrays on the new enclosure, one for Bays 1-7, the other for Bays 8-14. Is there any reason that we need to do this? My plan was to have the entire expansion shelf be 1 array, then create RAID 6 logical drives from that. I don't understand what splitting drives into separate arrays gain us. We don't have dual controllers, so there's no benefit there. Thanks, CC

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  • ASUS N550 laptop not charging on ubuntu after updating kernel

    - by OBY Trance
    I'm using Ubuntu 13.10 on a pretty new ASUS N550jv laptop. When I was using kernel linux-image-3.11.0-11 everything was quite well (kinda..), however, when I updated the kernel using the automatic update, the kernels which were released afterwards (12+) were faulty on my machine, and caused the battery not to be charged and only stay at their current charging level (even when the machine was off!) The only fix I had was to roll-back to the '..11' version (on boot screen - advanced options), and hard-reboot (AC cord disconnected and reconnected) but now version 14 was released and "pushed away" the good old version 11. How can I fix that?? Please help me...

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  • How to make the Eclipse text editor background transparent?

    - by briankb
    Is there a way to make the background of Eclipse IDE text editor transparent? I would like to adjust the alpha transparency of the background, but have the text still be opaque. Perhaps there is a plugin that accomplishes this? I haven't seen any options under preferences. And my search on Google has ended in vain thus far, although I did find some nice color themes. Example (Textmate): Note that the text is still solid. This is important, since making the whole window transparent could cause text to bleed into the desktop wallpaper (or whatever is under Eclipse). On another side note, I'm using the latest version of Eclipse (Helios), on both Windows 7 and Fedora 14. Related questions: Transparent background in editor but solid text Eclipse fonts and background color

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  • Cannot login SQL Server after changing machine name

    - by Ucodia
    After installing and setting up new machines in a domain, we decided to rename one of them which had a SQL Server instance installed. So I changed the hostname, everything went fine regarding the domain but now, the server is logging a approximatively 2 SQL Server errors every 5 minutes and I cannot connect to the instance localy or from anywhere within the domain. Here is the error from the event log: SSPI handshake failed with error code 0x8009030c, state 14 while establishing a connection with integrated security; the connection has been closed. Reason: AcceptSecurityContext failed. The Windows error code indicates the cause of failure. The logon attempt failed [CLIENT: x.x.x.x] Concerning the instance, everything is started and restarted without any extra error.

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  • sa2 -A /var/log/sa/sa13: No such file or directory

    - by user53925
    I have systat version 7.0.2 and the /etc/sysconfig/sysstat has the entry HISTORY=27, this is on a redhat enterprise server 5.6, the cron setup for this is # run system activity accounting tool every minute * * * * * root /usr/lib64/sa/sa1 1 1 # generate a daily summary of process accounting at 23:53 53 23 * * * root /usr/lib64/sa/sa2 -A I get the following error from the cron sa2 -A find: /var/log/sa/sa13: No such file or directory, Looking at the directory /var/log/sa the files are created from sa01 through sa10 (sa1 created on sep1, sa2 created on sep2 and so on), then the rest of the files are from sa14 through to sa 31 (created from Aug 14 to Aug 31). I have not made any changes on the server so I am not sure why I am getting these error messages and is there a way to fix this?. Someone suggested creating empty files from sa11 through sa14 to fix this but I am not sure if this might mess up something .

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  • Upgrade to java 1.7 in eclipse on mac

    - by user2159614
    I'm sort of a beginner with eclipse but I want to update the libraries or build path or whatever to java 1.7 from java 1.6 and I can't figure it out. I'm a computer science student at the university of washington and various TA's and students have tried to figure out this problem but it's stumped them all. I've installed java 1.7 from Oracle a few times already and the java section of system preferences says I have 1.7 but java -version in terminal says: java version "1.6.0_41" Java(TM) SE Runtime Environment (build 1.6.0_41-b02-445-11M4107) Java HotSpot(TM) 64-Bit Server VM (build 20.14-b01-445, mixed mode) What's going on here? My mac is totally up to date on everything else

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  • How to reduce Fedora's disk size in VMware player.

    - by user428862
    I'm new to Fedora 14, vmware player. After getting Fedora up and running in VMware player. The disk size was 2.7 GB. After three hours of working with it, the disk size has bloated to 4.3 GB. I havent added software to account for the near doubling in size. How do I reduce the size back to 2.7GB range or lower. Im new to Fedora and superuser controls. Im removing more software than adding software. Is this a VMWARE problem or Fedora problem?

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  • linux - Is Debian "lighter" than Ubuntu?

    - by user2983756
    I currently run Linux Mint 14 KDE on a "semi-old" machine I use for working and surfing the web - it was the first Linux system I ever used (running away from old Win XP), so I picked a complete system that would have most of my basic needs installed (I didn't even know what exactly all those needs were at the time). The thing is, my computer is becoming really old and Mint is a cluttered system, and for the next installation I'm going to try and install a "raw" system and get everything from the online repos. My question is: Since Ubuntu is Debian-based, does that make it consume more resources than its base system? If that isn't the difference, which one is "lighter" in that sense?

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  • Javascript auto calculating

    - by Josh
    I have page that automatically calculates a Total by entering digits into the fields or pressing the Plus or Minus buttons. I need to add a second input after the Total that automatically divides the total by 25. Here is the working code with no JavaScript value for the division part of the code: <html> <head> <script language="text/javascript"> function Calc(className){ var elements = document.getElementsByClassName(className); var total = 0; for(var i = 0; i < elements.length; ++i){ total += parseFloat(elements[i].value); } document.form0.total.value = total; } function addone(field) { field.value = Number(field.value) + 1; Calc('add'); } function subtractone(field) { field.value = Number(field.value) - 1; Calc('add'); } </script> </head> <body> <form name="form0" id="form0"> 1: <input type="text" name="box1" id="box1" class="add" value="0" onKeyUp="Calc('add')" onChange="updatesum()" onClick="this.focus();this.select();" /> <input type="button" value=" + " onclick="addone(box1);"> <input type="button" value=" - " onclick="subtractone(box1);"> <br /> 2: <input type="text" name="box2" id="box2" class="add" value="0" onKeyUp="Calc('add')" onClick="this.focus();this.select();" /> <input type="button" value=" + " onclick="addone(box2);"> <input type="button" value=" - " onclick="subtractone(box2);"> <br /> 3: <input type="text" name="box3" id="box3" class="add" value="0" onKeyUp="Calc('add')" onClick="this.focus();this.select();" /> <input type="button" value=" + " onclick="addone(box3);"> <input type="button" value=" - " onclick="subtractone(box3);"> <br /> <br /> Total: <input readonly style="border:0px; font-size:14; color:red;" id="total" name="total"> <br /> Totaly Divided by 25: <input readonly style="border:0px; font-size:14; color:red;" id="divided" name="divided"> </form> </body></html> I have the right details but the formulas I am trying completely break other aspects of the code. I cant figure out how to make the auto adding and auto dividing work at the same time

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  • Prolog Cut Not Working

    - by user2295607
    Im having a problem with Prolog since cut is not doing what (i believe) its supposed to do: % line-column handlers checkVallEle(_, _, 6, _):- write('FAIL'), !, fail. checkVallEle(TABULEIRO, VALUE, LINE, COLUMN):- COLUMN>5, NL is LINE+1, checkVallEle(TABULEIRO, VALUE, NL, 0). % if this fails, it goes to the next checkVallEle(TABULEIRO, VALUE, LINE, COLUMN):- (checkHorizontal(TABULEIRO, VALUE, LINE, COLUMN, 0), write('HORIZONTAL '); checkVertical(TABULEIRO, VALUE, LINE, COLUMN, 0), write('VERTICAL'); checkDiagonalRight(TABULEIRO, VALUE, LINE, COLUMN, 0), write('DIAGONALRIGHT'); checkDiagonalLeft(TABULEIRO, VALUE, LINE, COLUMN, 0), write('DIAGONALLEFT')), write('WIN'). % goes to the next if above fails checkVallEle(TABULEIRO, VALUE, LINE, COLUMN):- NC is COLUMN+1, checkVallEle(TABULEIRO, VALUE, LINE, NC). What I wish to do is that if the code ever reaches the first statement, that is, if the line is ever 6, it fails (since it went out of range), without checking for more possibilities. But what happens is, when it reaches the first statement, it keeps going to the below statements and ignores the cut symbol, and I dont see why. I just want the statement to fail when it reaches the first line. I also made an experience... run(6):-write('done'), !, fail. run(X):-X1 is X+1, run(X1). And this is what i get from tracing: | ?- run(0). 1 1 Call: run(0) ? 2 2 Call: _1079 is 0+1 ? 2 2 Exit: 1 is 0+1 ? 3 2 Call: run(1) ? 4 3 Call: _3009 is 1+1 ? 4 3 Exit: 2 is 1+1 ? 5 3 Call: run(2) ? 6 4 Call: _4939 is 2+1 ? 6 4 Exit: 3 is 2+1 ? 7 4 Call: run(3) ? 8 5 Call: _6869 is 3+1 ? 8 5 Exit: 4 is 3+1 ? 9 5 Call: run(4) ? 10 6 Call: _8799 is 4+1 ? 10 6 Exit: 5 is 4+1 ? 11 6 Call: run(5) ? 12 7 Call: _10729 is 5+1 ? 12 7 Exit: 6 is 5+1 ? 13 7 Call: run(6) ? 14 8 Call: write(done) ? done 14 8 Exit: write(done) ? 13 7 Fail: run(6) ? 11 6 Fail: run(5) ? 9 5 Fail: run(4) ? 7 4 Fail: run(3) ? 5 3 Fail: run(2) ? 3 2 Fail: run(1) ? 1 1 Fail: run(0) ? no What are all those Fails after the write? is it still backtracing to previous answers? Is this behaviour the reason why cut is failing in my first code? Please enlighten me.

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  • SSH Public Key - No supported authentication methods available (server sent public key)

    - by F21
    I have a 12.10 server setup in a virtual machine with its network set to bridged (essentially will be seen as a computer connected to my switch). I installed opensshd via apt-get and was able to connect to the server using putty with my username and password. I then set about trying to get it to use public/private key authentication. I did the following: Generated the keys using PuttyGen. Moved the public key to /etc/ssh/myusername/authorized_keys (I am using encrypted home directories). Set up sshd_config like so: PubkeyAuthentication yes AuthorizedKeysFile /etc/ssh/%u/authorized_keys StrictModes no PasswordAuthentication no UsePAM yes When I connect using putty or WinSCP, I get an error saying No supported authentication methods available (server sent public key). If I run sshd in debug mode, I see: PAM: initializing for "username" PAM: setting PAM_RHOST to "192.168.1.7" PAM: setting PAM_TTY to "ssh" userauth-request for user username service ssh-connection method publickey [preauth] attempt 1 failures 0 [preauth] test whether pkalg/pkblob are acceptable [preauth[ Checking blacklist file /usr/share/ssh/blacklist.RSA-1023 Checking blacklist file /etc/ssh/blacklist.RSA-1023 temporarily_use_uid: 1000/1000 (e=0/0) trying public key file /etc/ssh/username/authorized_keys fd4 clearing O_NONBLOCK restore_uid: 0/0 Failed publickey for username from 192.168.1.7 port 14343 ssh2 Received disconnect from 192.168.1.7: 14: No supported authentication methods available [preauth] do_cleanup [preauth] monitor_read_log: child log fd closed do_cleanup PAM: cleanup Why is this happening and how can I fix this?

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  • Version Assemblies with TFS 2010 Continuous Integration

    - by Steve Michelotti
    When I first heard that TFS 2010 had moved to Workflow Foundation for Team Build, I was *extremely* skeptical. I’ve loved MSBuild and didn’t quite understand the reasons for this change. In fact, given that I’ve been exclusively using Cruise Control for Continuous Integration (CI) for the last 5+ years of my career, I was skeptical of TFS for CI in general. However, after going through the learning process for TFS 2010 recently, I’m starting to become a believer. I’m also starting to see some of the benefits with Workflow Foundation for the overall processing because it gives you constructs not available in MSBuild such as parallel tasks, better control flow constructs, and a slightly better customization story. The first customization I had to make to the build process was to version the assemblies of my solution. This is not new. In fact, I’d recommend reading Mike Fourie’s well known post on Versioning Code in TFS before you get started. This post describes several foundational aspects of versioning assemblies regardless of your version of TFS. The main points are: 1) don’t use source control operations for your version file, 2) use a schema like <Major>.<Minor>.<IncrementalNumber>.0, and 3) do not keep AssemblyVersion and AssemblyFileVersion in sync. To do this in TFS 2010, the best post I’ve found has been Jim Lamb’s post of building a custom TFS 2010 workflow activity. Overall, this post is excellent but the primary issue I have with it is that the assembly version numbers produced are based in a date and look like this: “2010.5.15.1”. This is definitely not what I want. I want to be able to communicate to the developers and stakeholders that we are producing the “1.1 release” or “1.2 release” – which would have an assembly version number of “1.1.317.0” for example. In this post, I’ll walk through the process of customizing the assembly version number based on this method – customizing the concepts in Lamb’s post to suit my needs. I’ll also be combining this with the concepts of Fourie’s post – particularly with regards to the standards around how to version the assemblies. The first thing I’ll do is add a file called SolutionAssemblyVersionInfo.cs to the root of my solution that looks like this: 1: using System; 2: using System.Reflection; 3: [assembly: AssemblyVersion("1.1.0.0")] 4: [assembly: AssemblyFileVersion("1.1.0.0")] I’ll then add that file as a Visual Studio link file to each project in my solution by right-clicking the project, “Add – Existing Item…” then when I click the SolutionAssemblyVersionInfo.cs file, making sure I “Add As Link”: Now the Solution Explorer will show our file. We can see that it’s a “link” file because of the black arrow in the icon within all our projects. Of course you’ll need to remove the AssemblyVersion and AssemblyFileVersion attributes from the AssemblyInfo.cs files to avoid the duplicate attributes since they now leave in the SolutionAssemblyVersionInfo.cs file. This is an extremely common technique so that all the projects in our solution can be versioned as a unit. At this point, we’re ready to write our custom activity. The primary consideration is that I want the developer and/or tech lead to be able to easily be in control of the Major.Minor and then I want the CI process to add the third number with a unique incremental number. We’ll leave the fourth position always “0” for now – it’s held in reserve in case the day ever comes where we need to do an emergency patch to Production based on a branched version.   Writing the Custom Workflow Activity Similar to Lamb’s post, I’m going to write two custom workflow activities. The “outer” activity (a xaml activity) will be pretty straight forward. It will check if the solution version file exists in the solution root and, if so, delegate the replacement of version to the AssemblyVersionInfo activity which is a CodeActivity highlighted in red below:   Notice that the arguments of this activity are the “solutionVersionFile” and “tfsBuildNumber” which will be passed in. The tfsBuildNumber passed in will look something like this: “CI_MyApplication.4” and we’ll need to grab the “4” (i.e., the incremental revision number) and put that in the third position. Then we’ll need to honor whatever was specified for Major.Minor in the SolutionAssemblyVersionInfo.cs file. For example, if the SolutionAssemblyVersionInfo.cs file had “1.1.0.0” for the AssemblyVersion (as shown in the first code block near the beginning of this post), then we want to resulting file to have “1.1.4.0”. Before we do anything, let’s put together a unit test for all this so we can know if we get it right: 1: [TestMethod] 2: public void Assembly_version_should_be_parsed_correctly_from_build_name() 3: { 4: // arrange 5: const string versionFile = "SolutionAssemblyVersionInfo.cs"; 6: WriteTestVersionFile(versionFile); 7: var activity = new VersionAssemblies(); 8: var arguments = new Dictionary<string, object> { 9: { "tfsBuildNumber", "CI_MyApplication.4"}, 10: { "solutionVersionFile", versionFile} 11: }; 12:   13: // act 14: var result = WorkflowInvoker.Invoke(activity, arguments); 15:   16: // assert 17: Assert.AreEqual("1.2.4.0", (string)result["newAssemblyFileVersion"]); 18: var lines = File.ReadAllLines(versionFile); 19: Assert.IsTrue(lines.Contains("[assembly: AssemblyVersion(\"1.2.0.0\")]")); 20: Assert.IsTrue(lines.Contains("[assembly: AssemblyFileVersion(\"1.2.4.0\")]")); 21: } 22: 23: private void WriteTestVersionFile(string versionFile) 24: { 25: var fileContents = "using System.Reflection;\n" + 26: "[assembly: AssemblyVersion(\"1.2.0.0\")]\n" + 27: "[assembly: AssemblyFileVersion(\"1.2.0.0\")]"; 28: File.WriteAllText(versionFile, fileContents); 29: }   At this point, the code for our AssemblyVersion activity is pretty straight forward: 1: [BuildActivity(HostEnvironmentOption.Agent)] 2: public class AssemblyVersionInfo : CodeActivity 3: { 4: [RequiredArgument] 5: public InArgument<string> FileName { get; set; } 6:   7: [RequiredArgument] 8: public InArgument<string> TfsBuildNumber { get; set; } 9:   10: public OutArgument<string> NewAssemblyFileVersion { get; set; } 11:   12: protected override void Execute(CodeActivityContext context) 13: { 14: var solutionVersionFile = this.FileName.Get(context); 15: 16: // Ensure that the file is writeable 17: var fileAttributes = File.GetAttributes(solutionVersionFile); 18: File.SetAttributes(solutionVersionFile, fileAttributes & ~FileAttributes.ReadOnly); 19:   20: // Prepare assembly versions 21: var majorMinor = GetAssemblyMajorMinorVersionBasedOnExisting(solutionVersionFile); 22: var newBuildNumber = GetNewBuildNumber(this.TfsBuildNumber.Get(context)); 23: var newAssemblyVersion = string.Format("{0}.{1}.0.0", majorMinor.Item1, majorMinor.Item2); 24: var newAssemblyFileVersion = string.Format("{0}.{1}.{2}.0", majorMinor.Item1, majorMinor.Item2, newBuildNumber); 25: this.NewAssemblyFileVersion.Set(context, newAssemblyFileVersion); 26:   27: // Perform the actual replacement 28: var contents = this.GetFileContents(newAssemblyVersion, newAssemblyFileVersion); 29: File.WriteAllText(solutionVersionFile, contents); 30:   31: // Restore the file's original attributes 32: File.SetAttributes(solutionVersionFile, fileAttributes); 33: } 34:   35: #region Private Methods 36:   37: private string GetFileContents(string newAssemblyVersion, string newAssemblyFileVersion) 38: { 39: var cs = new StringBuilder(); 40: cs.AppendLine("using System.Reflection;"); 41: cs.AppendFormat("[assembly: AssemblyVersion(\"{0}\")]", newAssemblyVersion); 42: cs.AppendLine(); 43: cs.AppendFormat("[assembly: AssemblyFileVersion(\"{0}\")]", newAssemblyFileVersion); 44: return cs.ToString(); 45: } 46:   47: private Tuple<string, string> GetAssemblyMajorMinorVersionBasedOnExisting(string filePath) 48: { 49: var lines = File.ReadAllLines(filePath); 50: var versionLine = lines.Where(x => x.Contains("AssemblyVersion")).FirstOrDefault(); 51:   52: if (versionLine == null) 53: { 54: throw new InvalidOperationException("File does not contain [assembly: AssemblyVersion] attribute"); 55: } 56:   57: return ExtractMajorMinor(versionLine); 58: } 59:   60: private static Tuple<string, string> ExtractMajorMinor(string versionLine) 61: { 62: var firstQuote = versionLine.IndexOf('"') + 1; 63: var secondQuote = versionLine.IndexOf('"', firstQuote); 64: var version = versionLine.Substring(firstQuote, secondQuote - firstQuote); 65: var versionParts = version.Split('.'); 66: return new Tuple<string, string>(versionParts[0], versionParts[1]); 67: } 68:   69: private string GetNewBuildNumber(string buildName) 70: { 71: return buildName.Substring(buildName.LastIndexOf(".") + 1); 72: } 73:   74: #endregion 75: }   At this point the final step is to incorporate this activity into the overall build template. Make a copy of the DefaultTempate.xaml – we’ll call it DefaultTemplateWithVersioning.xaml. Before the build and labeling happens, drag the VersionAssemblies activity in. Then set the LabelName variable to “BuildDetail.BuildDefinition.Name + "-" + newAssemblyFileVersion since the newAssemblyFileVersion was produced by our activity.   Configuring CI Once you add your solution to source control, you can configure CI with the build definition window as shown here. The main difference is that we’ll change the Process tab to reflect a different build number format and choose our custom build process file:   When the build completes, we’ll see the name of our project with the unique revision number:   If we look at the detailed build log for the latest build, we’ll see the label being created with our custom task:     We can now look at the history labels in TFS and see the project name with the labels (the Assignment activity I added to the workflow):   Finally, if we look at the physical assemblies that are produced, we can right-click on any assembly in Windows Explorer and see the assembly version in its properties:   Full Traceability We now have full traceability for our code. There will never be a question of what code was deployed to Production. You can always see the assembly version in the properties of the physical assembly. That can be traced back to a label in TFS where the unique revision number matches. The label in TFS gives you the complete snapshot of the code in your source control repository at the time the code was built. This type of process for full traceability has been used for many years for CI – in fact, I’ve done similar things with CCNet and SVN for quite some time. This is simply the TFS implementation of that pattern. The new features that TFS 2010 give you to make these types of customizations in your build process are quite easy once you get over the initial curve.

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  • Parallelism in .NET – Part 3, Imperative Data Parallelism: Early Termination

    - by Reed
    Although simple data parallelism allows us to easily parallelize many of our iteration statements, there are cases that it does not handle well.  In my previous discussion, I focused on data parallelism with no shared state, and where every element is being processed exactly the same. Unfortunately, there are many common cases where this does not happen.  If we are dealing with a loop that requires early termination, extra care is required when parallelizing. Often, while processing in a loop, once a certain condition is met, it is no longer necessary to continue processing.  This may be a matter of finding a specific element within the collection, or reaching some error case.  The important distinction here is that, it is often impossible to know until runtime, what set of elements needs to be processed. In my initial discussion of data parallelism, I mentioned that this technique is a candidate when you can decompose the problem based on the data involved, and you wish to apply a single operation concurrently on all of the elements of a collection.  This covers many of the potential cases, but sometimes, after processing some of the elements, we need to stop processing. As an example, lets go back to our previous Parallel.ForEach example with contacting a customer.  However, this time, we’ll change the requirements slightly.  In this case, we’ll add an extra condition – if the store is unable to email the customer, we will exit gracefully.  The thinking here, of course, is that if the store is currently unable to email, the next time this operation runs, it will handle the same situation, so we can just skip our processing entirely.  The original, serial case, with this extra condition, might look something like the following: foreach(var customer in customers) { // Run some process that takes some time... DateTime lastContact = theStore.GetLastContact(customer); TimeSpan timeSinceContact = DateTime.Now - lastContact; // If it's been more than two weeks, send an email, and update... if (timeSinceContact.Days > 14) { // Exit gracefully if we fail to email, since this // entire process can be repeated later without issue. if (theStore.EmailCustomer(customer) == false) break; customer.LastEmailContact = DateTime.Now; } } .csharpcode, .csharpcode pre { font-size: small; color: black; font-family: consolas, "Courier New", courier, monospace; background-color: #ffffff; /*white-space: pre;*/ } .csharpcode pre { margin: 0em; } .csharpcode .rem { color: #008000; } .csharpcode .kwrd { color: #0000ff; } .csharpcode .str { color: #006080; } .csharpcode .op { color: #0000c0; } .csharpcode .preproc { color: #cc6633; } .csharpcode .asp { background-color: #ffff00; } .csharpcode .html { color: #800000; } .csharpcode .attr { color: #ff0000; } .csharpcode .alt { background-color: #f4f4f4; width: 100%; margin: 0em; } .csharpcode .lnum { color: #606060; } Here, we’re processing our loop, but at any point, if we fail to send our email successfully, we just abandon this process, and assume that it will get handled correctly the next time our routine is run.  If we try to parallelize this using Parallel.ForEach, as we did previously, we’ll run into an error almost immediately: the break statement we’re using is only valid when enclosed within an iteration statement, such as foreach.  When we switch to Parallel.ForEach, we’re no longer within an iteration statement – we’re a delegate running in a method. This needs to be handled slightly differently when parallelized.  Instead of using the break statement, we need to utilize a new class in the Task Parallel Library: ParallelLoopState.  The ParallelLoopState class is intended to allow concurrently running loop bodies a way to interact with each other, and provides us with a way to break out of a loop.  In order to use this, we will use a different overload of Parallel.ForEach which takes an IEnumerable<T> and an Action<T, ParallelLoopState> instead of an Action<T>.  Using this, we can parallelize the above operation by doing: Parallel.ForEach(customers, (customer, parallelLoopState) => { // Run some process that takes some time... DateTime lastContact = theStore.GetLastContact(customer); TimeSpan timeSinceContact = DateTime.Now - lastContact; // If it's been more than two weeks, send an email, and update... if (timeSinceContact.Days > 14) { // Exit gracefully if we fail to email, since this // entire process can be repeated later without issue. if (theStore.EmailCustomer(customer) == false) parallelLoopState.Break(); else customer.LastEmailContact = DateTime.Now; } }); There are a couple of important points here.  First, we didn’t actually instantiate the ParallelLoopState instance.  It was provided directly to us via the Parallel class.  All we needed to do was change our lambda expression to reflect that we want to use the loop state, and the Parallel class creates an instance for our use.  We also needed to change our logic slightly when we call Break().  Since Break() doesn’t stop the program flow within our block, we needed to add an else case to only set the property in customer when we succeeded.  This same technique can be used to break out of a Parallel.For loop. That being said, there is a huge difference between using ParallelLoopState to cause early termination and to use break in a standard iteration statement.  When dealing with a loop serially, break will immediately terminate the processing within the closest enclosing loop statement.  Calling ParallelLoopState.Break(), however, has a very different behavior. The issue is that, now, we’re no longer processing one element at a time.  If we break in one of our threads, there are other threads that will likely still be executing.  This leads to an important observation about termination of parallel code: Early termination in parallel routines is not immediate.  Code will continue to run after you request a termination. This may seem problematic at first, but it is something you just need to keep in mind while designing your routine.  ParallelLoopState.Break() should be thought of as a request.  We are telling the runtime that no elements that were in the collection past the element we’re currently processing need to be processed, and leaving it up to the runtime to decide how to handle this as gracefully as possible.  Although this may seem problematic at first, it is a good thing.  If the runtime tried to immediately stop processing, many of our elements would be partially processed.  It would be like putting a return statement in a random location throughout our loop body – which could have horrific consequences to our code’s maintainability. In order to understand and effectively write parallel routines, we, as developers, need a subtle, but profound shift in our thinking.  We can no longer think in terms of sequential processes, but rather need to think in terms of requests to the system that may be handled differently than we’d first expect.  This is more natural to developers who have dealt with asynchronous models previously, but is an important distinction when moving to concurrent programming models. As an example, I’ll discuss the Break() method.  ParallelLoopState.Break() functions in a way that may be unexpected at first.  When you call Break() from a loop body, the runtime will continue to process all elements of the collection that were found prior to the element that was being processed when the Break() method was called.  This is done to keep the behavior of the Break() method as close to the behavior of the break statement as possible. We can see the behavior in this simple code: var collection = Enumerable.Range(0, 20); var pResult = Parallel.ForEach(collection, (element, state) => { if (element > 10) { Console.WriteLine("Breaking on {0}", element); state.Break(); } Console.WriteLine(element); }); If we run this, we get a result that may seem unexpected at first: 0 2 1 5 6 3 4 10 Breaking on 11 11 Breaking on 12 12 9 Breaking on 13 13 7 8 Breaking on 15 15 What is occurring here is that we loop until we find the first element where the element is greater than 10.  In this case, this was found, the first time, when one of our threads reached element 11.  It requested that the loop stop by calling Break() at this point.  However, the loop continued processing until all of the elements less than 11 were completed, then terminated.  This means that it will guarantee that elements 9, 7, and 8 are completed before it stops processing.  You can see our other threads that were running each tried to break as well, but since Break() was called on the element with a value of 11, it decides which elements (0-10) must be processed. If this behavior is not desirable, there is another option.  Instead of calling ParallelLoopState.Break(), you can call ParallelLoopState.Stop().  The Stop() method requests that the runtime terminate as soon as possible , without guaranteeing that any other elements are processed.  Stop() will not stop the processing within an element, so elements already being processed will continue to be processed.  It will prevent new elements, even ones found earlier in the collection, from being processed.  Also, when Stop() is called, the ParallelLoopState’s IsStopped property will return true.  This lets longer running processes poll for this value, and return after performing any necessary cleanup. The basic rule of thumb for choosing between Break() and Stop() is the following. Use ParallelLoopState.Stop() when possible, since it terminates more quickly.  This is particularly useful in situations where you are searching for an element or a condition in the collection.  Once you’ve found it, you do not need to do any other processing, so Stop() is more appropriate. Use ParallelLoopState.Break() if you need to more closely match the behavior of the C# break statement. Both methods behave differently than our C# break statement.  Unfortunately, when parallelizing a routine, more thought and care needs to be put into every aspect of your routine than you may otherwise expect.  This is due to my second observation: Parallelizing a routine will almost always change its behavior. This sounds crazy at first, but it’s a concept that’s so simple its easy to forget.  We’re purposely telling the system to process more than one thing at the same time, which means that the sequence in which things get processed is no longer deterministic.  It is easy to change the behavior of your routine in very subtle ways by introducing parallelism.  Often, the changes are not avoidable, even if they don’t have any adverse side effects.  This leads to my final observation for this post: Parallelization is something that should be handled with care and forethought, added by design, and not just introduced casually.

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  • Setting Up GLFW3 in Visual Studio

    - by sm81095
    I decided a couple of days ago that I was going to start trying to develop games in C++ with OpenGL, instead of C# Monogame like I have been doing for a while. I was looking around for libraries to use, to make OpenGL a little easier to use. I settled on GLEW and GLFW. GLEW was a super easy copy/paste, but GLFW3 was not. After looking around for a while and fighting with CMake, I got the GLFW2.lib file created, and I added the additional include directories, library directories, and linked my program to the glfw3.lib file I just created. The problem is, I get these linker errors when I try to run or build my program: Error 1 error LNK2019: unresolved external symbol _glfwInit referenced in function _main C:\Codex Interactive\Projects\OGLTest\OGLTest\test.obj OGLTest Error 2 error LNK2019: unresolved external symbol _glfwTerminate referenced in function _main C:\Codex Interactive\Projects\OGLTest\OGLTest\test.obj OGLTest Error 3 error LNK2019: unresolved external symbol _glfwSetErrorCallback referenced in function _main C:\Codex Interactive\Projects\OGLTest\OGLTest\test.obj OGLTest and 10 other LNK2019 errors, all talking about some glfw method, as well as: Error 14 error LNK1120: 13 unresolved externals C:\Codex Interactive\Projects\OGLTest\Debug\OGLTest.exe 1 1 OGLTest at the very bottom of the error list. I've looked up most of these errors on their own, and the solutions that I find either do nothing to solve the problem, or are people commenting on how dumb people are for not being about to solve this linker problem. Any assistance to solve these errors would be greatly appreciated. Info: I built GLFW3 on Cmake for Visual Studio 11, 32 bit and 64 bit, and both threw the same errors. The only extra libraries I linked were opengl32.lib, glu32.lib, and glfw3.lib Here is the test code (from GLFW3's latest tutorial): Code

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