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  • Case class copy() method abstraction.

    - by Joa Ebert
    I would like to know if it is possible to abstract the copy method of case classes. Basically I have something like sealed trait Op and then something like case class Push(value: Int) extends Op and case class Pop() extends Op. The first problem: A case class without arguments/members does not define a copy method. You can try this in the REPL. scala> case class Foo() defined class Foo scala> Foo().copy() <console>:8: error: value copy is not a member of Foo Foo().copy() ^ scala> case class Foo(x: Int) defined class Foo scala> Foo(0).copy() res1: Foo = Foo(0) Is there a reason why the compiler makes this exception? I think it is rather unituitive and I would expect every case class to define a copy method. The second problem: I have a method def ops: List[Op] and I would like to copy all ops like ops map { _.copy() }. How would I define the copy method in the Op trait? I get a "too many arguments" error if I say def copy(): this.type. However, since all copy() methods have only optional arguments: why is this incorrect? And, how do I do that correct? By making another method named def clone(): this.type and write everywhere def clone() = copy() for all the case classes? I hope not.

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  • Import-Pssession is not importing cmdlets when used in a custom module

    - by Douglas Plumley
    I have a PowerShell script/function that works great when I use it in my PowerShell profile or manually copy/paste the function in the PowerShell window. I'm trying to make the function accessible to other members of my team as a module. I want to have the module stored in a central place so we can all add it to our PSModulePath. Here is a copy of the basic function: Function Connect-O365{ $o365cred = Get-Credential [email protected] $session365 = New-PSSession -ConfigurationName Microsoft.Exchange -ConnectionUri https://ps.outlook.com/powershell/ -Credential $o365cred -Authentication Basic -AllowRedirection Import-PSSession $session365 -AllowClobber } If I save this function in my PowerShell profile it works fine. I can dot source a *.ps1 script with this function in it and it works as well. The issue is when I save the function as a *.psm1 PowerShell script module. The function runs fine but none of the exported commands from the Import-PSSession are available. I think this may have something to do with the module scope. I'm looking for suggestions on how to get around this. EDIT When I create the following module and run Connect-O365 the imported cmdlets will not be available. $scriptblock = { Function Connect-O365{ $o365cred = Get-Credential [email protected] $session365 = New-PSSession -ConfigurationName Microsoft.Exchange -ConnectionUri "https://ps.outlook.com/powershell/" -Credential $o365cred -Authentication Basic -AllowRedirection Import-PSSession $session365 -AllowClobber } } New-Module -Name "Office 365" -ScriptBlock $scriptblock When I import the next module without the Connect-O365 function the imported cmdlets are available. $scriptblock = { $o365cred = Get-Credential [email protected] $session365 = New-PSSession -ConfigurationName Microsoft.Exchange -ConnectionUri "https://ps.outlook.com/powershell/" -Credential $o365cred -Authentication Basic -AllowRedirection Import-PSSession $session365 -AllowClobber } New-Module -Name "Office 365" -ScriptBlock $scriptblock This appears to be a scope issue of some sort, just not sure how to get around it.

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  • Getting rid of nested using(...) statements

    - by Ghostrider
    Sometimes I need to use several disposable objects within a function. Most common case is having StreamReader and StreamWriter but sometimes it's even more than this. Nested using statements quickly add up and look ugly. To remedy this I've created a small class that collects IDisposable objects and disposes of them when it itself is disposed. public class MultiDispose : HashSet<IDisposable>, IDisposable { public MultiDispose(params IDisposable[] objectsToDispose) { foreach (IDisposable d in objectsToDispose) { this.Add(d); } } public T Add<T>(T obj) where T : IDisposable { base.Add(obj); return obj; } public void DisposeObject(IDisposable obj) { obj.Dispose(); base.Remove(obj); } #region IDisposable Members public void Dispose() { foreach (IDisposable d in this) { d.Dispose(); } } #endregion } So my code now looks like this: using (MultiDispose md = new MultiDispose()) { StreamReader rdr = md.Add(new StreamReader(args[0])); StreamWriter wrt = md.Add(new StreamWriter(args[1])); WhateverElseNeedsDisposing w = md.Add(new WhateverElseNeedsDisposing()); // code } Is there anything wrong with this approach that can cause problems down the road? I left the Remove function inherited from the HashSet on purpose so that the class would be more flexible. Surely misusing this function can lead to objects not being disposed of properly, but then there many other ways to shoot yourself in the foot without this class.

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  • Is it bad practice to have state in a static class?

    - by Matthew
    I would like to do something like this: public class Foo { // Probably really a Guid, but I'm using a string here for simplicity's sake. string Id { get; set; } int Data { get; set; } public Foo (int data) { ... } ... } public static class FooManager { Dictionary<string, Foo> foos = new Dictionary<string, Foo> (); public static Foo Get (string id) { return foos [id]; } public static Foo Add (int data) { Foo foo = new Foo (data); foos.Add (foo.Id, foo); return foo; } public static bool Remove (string id) { return foos.Remove (id); } ... // Other members, perhaps events for when Foos are added or removed, etc. } This would allow me to manage the global collection of Foos from anywhere. However, I've been told that static classes should always be stateless--you shouldn't use them to store global data. Global data in general seems to be frowned upon. If I shouldn't use a static class, what is the right way to approach this problem? Note: I did find a similar question, but the answer given doesn't really apply in my case.

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  • How do I get Google Chrome's root bookmarks folder?

    - by Wayne
    Hi, I'm trying to write a better bookmark manager in chrome extensions. The problem is there are no simple examples (that I can find) about how to actually use the bookmarks api (available here: http://code.google.com/chrome/extensions/bookmarks.html ) I've looked at the example source (when I d/led and installed it on my computer it didn't do anything except provide a search box. Typing/typing and pressing return failed to do anything) and can't find anything useful. My ultimate goal is to make an extension that allows me to save pages to come and read later without having to go sign up for an account on some service somewhere. So I plan to create either one or two bookmark folders in the root folder/other bookmarks - at minimum an "unread pages" folder. In that folder I'll create the unread bookmarks. When the user marks the item as read, it will be removed from that folder. So that's what I'm trying to do... any help will be greatly appreciated, even if it's just pointing me to some good examples. UPDATE: ...<script> function display(tree){ document.getElementById("Output").innerHTML = tree; } function start(){ chrome.bookmarks.getTree(display); } </script> </head> <body> <h4 id="Output"></h4> <script> start(); </script> ... That displays [object Object], that suggests (at least to me with a limited JavaScript experience) that an object exists. But how to access the members of that object? changing tree to tree.id or any other of what look to be parameters displays "undefined".

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  • Django Database design -- Is this a good stragety for overriding defaults

    - by rh0dium
    Hi SO's I have a question on good database design practices and I would like to leverage you guys for pointers. The project started out simple. Hey we have a bunch of questions we want answered for every project (no problem) Which turned into... Hey we have so many questions can we group them into sections (yup we can do that) Which lead into.. Can we weight these questions and I don't really want some of these questions for my project (Yes but we are getting difficult) And then I'm thinking they will want to have each section have it's own weight.. Requirements So there's the requirements - For n number of project Allow a admin member the ability select the questions for a project Allow the admin member to re-weigh or use the default weights for the questions Allow the admin member to re-weight the sections Allow team members to answer the questions. So here is what I came up with. Please feel free to comment and provide better examples models.py from django.db import models from django.contrib.sites.models import Site from django.conf import settings class Section(models.Model): """ This describes the various sections for a checklist: """ name = models.CharField(max_length=64) description = models.TextField() class Question(models.Model): """ This simply provides a simple way to list out the questions. """ question = models.CharField(max_length=255) answer_type = models.CharField(max_length=16) description = models.TextField() section = models.ForeignKey(Section) class ProjectQuestion(models.Model): """ These are the questions relevant to the project """ question = models.ForeignKey(Question) answer = models.CharField(max_length=255) required = models.BooleanField(default=True) weight = models.FloatField(default = XXX) class Project(models.Model): """ Here is where we want to gather our questions """ questions = models.ManyToManyField(ProjectQuestion) Immediate questions: - When I start a project - any ideas on how to "pre-populate" the questions (and ultimately the weights) for the project? - Is there a generally accepted method for doing this process that I am missing? Basically the idea that you refer to the questions overide your own default weight, and store the answer? - It appears that a good chuck of the work will be done in the views and that a lot of checking will need to occur there? Is that OK? Again - feel free to give me better strategies!! Thanks

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  • Prototypal inheritance should save memory, right?

    - by Techpriester
    Hi Folks, I've been wondering: Using prototypes in JavaScript should be more memory efficient than attaching every member of an object directly to it for the following reasons: The prototype is just one single object. The instances hold only references to their prototype. Versus: Every instance holds a copy of all the members and methods that are defined by the constructor. I started a little experiment with this: var TestObjectFat = function() { this.number = 42; this.text = randomString(1000); } var TestObjectThin = function() { this.number = 42; } TestObjectThin.prototype.text = randomString(1000); randomString(x) just produces a, well, random String of length x. I then instantiated the objects in large quantities like this: var arr = new Array(); for (var i = 0; i < 1000; i++) { arr.push(new TestObjectFat()); // or new TestObjectThin() } ... and checked the memory usage of the browser process (Google Chrome). I know, that's not very exact... However, in both cases the memory usage went up significantly as expected (about 30MB for TestObjectFat), but the prototype variant used not much less memory (about 26MB for TestObjectThin). I also checked: The TestObjectThin instances contain the same string in their "text" property, so they are really using the property of the prototype. Now, I'm not so sure what to think about this. The prototyping doesn't seem to be the big memory saver at all. I know that prototyping is a great idea for many other reasons, but I'm specifically concerned with memory usage here. Any explanations why the prototype variant uses almost the same amount of memory? Am I missing something?

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  • jquery - array problem help pls.

    - by russp
    Sorry folks, I really need help with posting an array problem. I would imaging it's quite simple, but beyond me. I have this JQuery function (using sortables) $(function() { $("#col1, #col2, #col3, #col4").sortable({ connectWith: '.column', items: '.portlet:not(.ui-state-disabled)', stop : function () { serial_1 = $('#col1').sortable('serialize'); serial_2 = $('#col2').sortable('serialize'); serial_3 = $('#col3').sortable('serialize'); serial_4 = $('#col4').sortable('serialize'); } }); }); Now I can post it to a database like this, and I can loop this ajax through all 4 "serials" $.ajax({ url: "test.php", type: "post", data: serial_1, error: function(){ alert(testit); } }); But that is not what I want to do as it creates 4 rows in the DB table. I want/need to create a single "nested array" from the 4 serials so that it enters the DB as 1 (one) row. My "base" database data looks like this: a:4:{s:4:"col1";a:3:{i:1;s:6:"forums";i:2;s:4:"chat";i:3;s:5:"blogs";}s:4:"col2";a:2:{i:1;s:5:"pages";i:2;s:7:"members";}s:4:"col3";a:2:{i:1;s:9:"galleries";i:2;s:4:"shop";}s:4:"col4";a:1:{i:1;s:4:"news";}} Therefore the JQuery array should "replicate" and create it (obviously will change on sorting) Help please thanks in advance

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  • How to hold payment in paygate for a while?

    - by Fero
    HI all, I have a query regarding holding the payment in PAYGATE PAYMENT GATEWAY. Here is the problem in brief. I am doing a website where the payment should be made only a certain members buy the product. For Example if there is an iPhone in my site, then that particular phone must be buy by certain quantities which given by admin. It may be done one by one user or a single user can buy all the quantities at a single time. In this case as a developer how can i able to hold the payment which received by user? Because i don't want to receive the payments until the certain quantities bought. Because if certain quantities were not buy i need to refund the money to their account. We don't like to do this process. That's why we are looking for holding the payment. Is it possible or what is the best way to solve this problem? Please let me know what is you professional opinion? thanks in advance... Please let me know what is you professional opinion?

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  • JTA or LOCAL transactions in JPA2+Hibernate 3.6.0?

    - by Pangea
    We are in the process of re-thinking our tech stack and below are our choices (We can't live without Spring and Hibernate due to the complexity etc of the app). We are also moving from J2EE 1.4 to JEE 5. Tech stack JEE 5 JPA 2.0 (I know JEE 5 only supports JPA 1.0 but we want to use Hibernate as the JPA provider) Hibernate 3.6.0 (We already have lots of hbm files with custom types etc. so we doesn't want to migrate them at this time to JPA. This means we want both jpa/hbm mappings work together and hence the Hibernate as the JPA provider instead of using the default that comes with App Server) Now the problems is that I want to stick with local transactions but other team members want to use JTA. I have been working with J2EE for last 9 years and I've heard time and again people suggesting to stick with local transactions if I doesn't need two phase commits. This is not only for performance reasons but debugging/troubleshooting a local transaction is lot easier than a distributed transaction. My suggestion is to use spring declarative transaction management + local transactions (HibernateTransactionManager) I want to make sure if I am being paranoid or I have a valid point. I'd like to hear what the rest of the JEE world thinks. Thank you.

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  • Why does this extension method throw a NullReferenceException in VB.NET?

    - by Dan
    From previous experience I had been under the impression that it's perfectly legal (though perhaps not advisable) to call extension methods on a null instance. So in C#, this code compiles and runs: // code in static class static bool IsNull(this object obj) { return obj == null; } // code elsewhere object x = null; bool exists = !x.IsNull(); However, I was just putting together a little suite of example code for the other members of my development team (we just upgraded to .NET 3.5 and I've been assigned the task of getting the team up to speed on some of the new features available to us), and I wrote what I thought was the VB.NET equivalent of the above code, only to discover that it actually throws a NullReferenceException. The code I wrote was this: ' code in module ' <Extension()> _ Function IsNull(ByVal obj As Object) As Boolean Return obj Is Nothing End Function ' code elsewhere ' Dim exampleObject As Object = Nothing Dim exists As Boolean = Not exampleObject.IsNull() The debugger stops right there, as if I'd called an instance method. Am I doing something wrong (e.g., is there some subtle difference in the way I defined the extension method between C# and VB.NET)? Is it actually not legal to call an extension method on a null instance in VB.NET, though it's legal in C#? (I would have thought this was a .NET thing as opposed to a language-specific thing, but perhaps I was wrong.) Can anybody explain this one to me?

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  • How does one create and use a pointer to an array of an unknown number of structures inside a class?

    - by user1658731
    Sorry for the confusing title... I've been playing around with C++, working on a project to parse a game's (Kerbal Space Program) save file so I can modify it and eventually send it over a network. I'm stuck with storing an unknown number of vessels and crew members, so I need to have an array of unknown size. Is this possible? I figured having a pointer to an array would be the way to go. I have: class SaveFileSystem { string version; string UT; int activeVessel; int numCrew; ??? Crews; // !! int numVessels; ??? Vessels; // !! } Where Crews and Vessels should be arrays of structures: struct Crew { string name; //Other stuff }; struct Vessel { string name; //Stuff }; I'm guessing I should have something like: this->Crews = new ???; this->Vessels = new ???; in my constructor to initialize the arrays, and attempt to access it with: this->Crews[0].name = "Ship Number One"; Does this make any sense??? I'd expect the "???"'s to involve a mess of asterisk's, like "*struct (*)Crews" but I have no real idea. I've got normal pointers down and such, but this is a tad over my head... I'd like to access the structures like in the last snippet, but if C++ doesn't like that I could do pointer arithmetic. I've looked into vectors, but I have an unhealthy obsession with efficiency, and it really pains me how you don't know what's going on behind it.

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  • Add dynamic charts using ASP.NET CHART CONTROL, c#

    - by dhareni
    I wanted to add dynamic charts in the webpage. It goes like this... I get the start and end date from user and draw separate charts for each date bewteen the start and end date. I get the data from sql database and bind it with the chart like this: SqlConnection UsageLogConn = new SqlConnection(ConfigurationManager.ConnectionStrings["UsageConn"].ConnectionString); UsageLogConn.Open();//open connection string sql = "SELECT v.interval,dateadd(mi,(v.interval-1)*2,'" + startdate + " 00:00:00') as 'intervaltime',COUNT(Datediff(minute,'" + startdate + " 00:00:00',d.DateTime)/2) AS Total FROM usage_internet_intervals v left outer join (select * from Usage_Internet where " + name + " LIKE ('%" + value + "%') and DateTime BETWEEN '" + startdate + " 00:00:00' AND '" + enddate + " 23:59:59') d on v.interval = Datediff(minute,'" + startdate + " 00:00:00',d.DateTime)/2 GROUP BY v.interval,Datediff(minute,'" + startdate + " 00:00:00',d.DateTime)/2 ORDER BY Interval"; SqlCommand cmd = new SqlCommand(sql, UsageLogConn); SqlDataAdapter mySQLadapter = new SqlDataAdapter(cmd); Chart1.DataSource = cmd; // set series members names for the X and Y values Chart1.Series["Series 1"].XValueMember = "intervaltime"; Chart1.Series["Series 1"].YValueMembers = "Total"; UsageLogConn.Close(); // data bind to the selected data source Chart1.DataBind(); cmd.Dispose(); The above code adds only one chart for one date and I have added 'chart1' to design view and its not created dynamic. But I wanted to add more charts dynamic at runtime to the webpage. Can anyone help me with this? I am using VS 2008, ASP.NET 3.5 and the charting lib is: using System.Web.UI.DataVisualization.Charting;

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  • Auto-implemented getters and setters vs. public fields

    - by tclem
    I see a lot of example code for C# classes that does this: public class Point { public int x { get; set; } public int y { get; set; } } Or, in older code, the same with an explicit private backing value and without the new auto-implemented properties: public class Point { private int _x; private int _y; public int x { get { return _x; } set { _x = value; } } public int y { get { return _y; } set { _y = value; } } } My question is why. Is there any functional difference between doing the above and just making these members public fields, like below? public class Point { public int x; public int y; } To be clear, I understand the value of getters and setters when you need to do some translation of the underlying data. But in cases where you're just passing the values through, it seems needlessly verbose.

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  • Working with extra fields in an Inline form - save_model, save_formset, can't make sense of the diff

    - by magicrebirth
    Suppose I am in the usual situation where there're extra fields in the many2many relationship: class Person(models.Model): name = models.CharField(max_length=128) class Group(models.Model): name = models.CharField(max_length=128) members = models.ManyToManyField(Person, through='Membership') class Membership(models.Model): person = models.ForeignKey(Person) group = models.ForeignKey(Group) date_joined = models.DateField() invite_reason = models.CharField(max_length=64) # other models which are unrelated to the ones above.. class Trip(models.Model): placeVisited = models.ForeignKey(Place) visitor = models.ForeignKey(Person) pleasuretrip = models.Boolean() class Place(models.Model): name = models.CharField(max_length=128) I want to add some extra fields in the Membership form that gets displayed through the Inline. These fields basically are a shortcut to the instantiation of another model (Trip). Trip can have its own admin views, but these shortcuts are needed because when my project partners are entering 'Membership' data in the system they happen to have also the 'Trip' information handy (and also because some of the info in Membership can just be copied over to Trip etc. etc.). So all I want to have is two extra fields in the Membership Inline - placeVisited and pleasuretrip - which together with the Person instance will let me instantiate the Trip model in the background... I found out I can easily add extra fields to the inline view by defining my own form. But once the data have been entered, how and when to reference to them in order to perform the save operations I need to do? class MyForm(forms.ModelForm): place = forms.ModelChoiceField(required=False, queryset=Place.objects.all(), label="place",) pleasuretrip = forms.BooleanField(required=False, label="...") class MembershipInline(admin.TabularInline): model = Membership form = MyForm def save_model(self, request, obj, form, change): place = form.place pleasuretrip = form.pleasuretrip person = form.person .... # now I can create Trip instances with those data .... obj.save() class GroupAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin): model = Group .... inlines = (MembershipInline,) This doesn't seem to work... I'm also a bit puzzled by the save_formset method... maybe is that the one I should be using? Many thanks in advance for the help!!!!

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  • Exception while hosting a WCF Service in a DependencyInjection Module ?

    - by Maciek
    Hello, I've written a small just-for-fun console project using Ninject, I'm pasting some of the code below just so that you get the idea : Program.cs using System; using Ninject; using Ninjectionn.Modules; // My namespace for my modules namespace Ninjections { class Program { static void Main(string[] args) { IKernel kernel = new StandardKernel(); kernel.Load<ServicesHostModule>(); Console.ReadKey(); } } } ServicesHostModule.cs using System; using System.ServiceModel; using Ninject; using Ninject.Modules; namespace Ninjections.Modules { public class ServicesHostModule : INinjectModule { #region INinjectModule Members public string Name { get { return "ServicesHost"; }} public void OnLoad(IKernel kernel) { if(m_host != null) m_host.Close(); else m_host = new ServiceHost(typeof(WCFTestService)); m_host.Open(); // (!) EXCEPTION HERE } public void OnUnLoad(IKernel kernel) { m_host.Close(); } #endregion } } ITestWCFService.cs using System.ServiceModel; namespace Ninjections.Modules { [ServiceContract] public interface ITestWCFService { [OperationContract] string GetString1(); [OperationContract] string GetString2(); } } An auto-generated App.config is in the ServicesHostModule project. I've "added" an existing item (the app config) as link in the main project. Q: at the m_host.Open(); line, an InvalidOperationException occurs. The message says : "Service "Ninjections.Modules.TestWCFService" has zero application endopints. What's wrong?

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  • PHP Form Validation

    - by JM4
    This question will undoubtedly be difficult to answer and ask in a way that makes sense but I'll try my best: I have a form which uses PHP to display certain sections of the form such as: <?php if ($_SESSION['EnrType'] == "Individual") { display only form information for individual enrollment } ?> and <?php if ($_SESSION['Num_Enrs'] > 6) { display only form information for 7 total members enrollment } ?> In each form piece, unique information is collected about each enrollee but the basic criteria for each enrollee is the same, i.e. All enrollee's must use have a value in the FirstName field. Each field is named according to the enrollee number, i.e. Num1FirstName; Num2FirstName. I have a PHP validation script which is absolutely fantastic and am not looking to change it but the issue I am running into is duplication of the script in order to validate ALL fields in one swoop. On submission, all POSTED items are run through my validation script and based on the rules set return an error if they do not equal true. Sample code: if (isset($_POST['submit'])) { // import the validation library require("validation.php"); $rules = array(); // stores the validation rules //All Enrollee Rules $rules[] = "required,Num1FirstName,Num2FirstName,The First Name field is required."; The script above does the following, $rules[] ="REQUIREMENT,fieldname,error message" where requirement gives criteria (in this case, simply that a value is passed), fieldname is the name of the field being validated, and error message returns the error used. My Goal is to use the same formula above and have $rules[] run through ALL firstnames and return the error posted ONLY if they exist (i.e. dont check for member #7's first name if it doesnt exist on the screen). If I simply put a comma between the 'fieldnames' this only checks for the first, then second, and so on so this wont work. Any ideas?

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  • Problems with display of UTF-8 encoded content from a DB

    - by LookUp Webmaster
    Dear members of the Stackoverflow community, We are developing a web application using the Zend Framework, and we are facing some encoding issues that we hope you might help us solve. The situation goes something like this: There are certain tables on a MySQL database that need to be displayed as html. Because the site is designed using the Spanish language, the database contains some characters like "á" or "ñ". Our internal policy is to set all the encodings as UTF-8, including all the databases and the tables. The problem is, that when we retrieve the content from the DB, some characters are displayed as question marks. We are out of ideas. These are all the things that we have already tried and double-checked: 1. The SQL file from which we load all the data is properly UTF-8 encoded. 2. The SQL is loaded through phpmyadmin (which is configured as UTF-8), and the resulting tables are displayed properly. 3. The netbeans environment used for coding is also set as UTF-8. The weird thing is that all the content that is hard-coded either as php or html is displayed properly. Only the values that are extracted from the database have issues. Any ideas? Thank you very much.

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  • Why Does Private Access Remain Non-Private in .NET Within a Class?

    - by AMissico
    While cleaning some code today written by someone else, I changed the access modifier from Public to Private on a class variable/member/field. I expected a long list of compiler errors that I use to "refactor/rework/review" the code that used this variable. Imagine my surprise when I didn't get any errors. After reviewing, it turns out that another instance of the Class can access the private members of another instance declared within the Class. Totally unexcepted. Is this normal? I been coding in .NET since the beginning and never ran into this issue, nor read about it. I may have stumbled onto it before, but only "vaguely noticed" and move on. Can anyone explain this behavoir to me? Am I doing something wrong? I found this behavior in both C# and VB.NET. The code seems to take advantage of the ability to access private variables. Sincerely, Totally Confused Class Foo Private _int As Integer Private _foo As Foo Private _jack As Jack Private _fred As Fred Public Sub SetPrivate() _foo = New Foo _foo._int = 3 'TOTALLY UNEXPECTED _jack = New Jack '_jack._int = 3 'expected compile error because Foo doesn't know Jack _fred = New Fred '_fred._int = 3 'expected compile error because Fred hides from Foo End Sub Private Class Fred Private _int As Integer End Class End Class Class Jack Private _int As Integer End Class

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  • C++ operator new, object versions, and the allocation sizes

    - by mizubasho
    Hi. I have a question about different versions of an object, their sizes, and allocation. The platform is Solaris 8 (and higher). Let's say we have programs A, B, and C that all link to a shared library D. Some class is defined in the library D, let's call it 'classD', and assume the size is 100 bytes. Now, we want to add a few members to classD for the next version of program A, without affecting existing binaries B or C. The new size will be, say, 120 bytes. We want program A to use the new definition of classD (120 bytes), while programs B and C continue to use the old definition of classD (100 bytes). A, B, and C all use the operator "new" to create instances of D. The question is, when does the operator "new" know the amount of memory to allocate? Compile time or run time? One thing I am afraid of is, programs B and C expect classD to be and alloate 100 bytes whereas the new shared library D requires 120 bytes for classD, and this inconsistency may cause memory corruption in programs B and C if I link them with the new library D. In other words, the area for extra 20 bytes that the new classD require may be allocated to some other variables by program B and C. Is this assumption correct? Thanks for your help.

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  • Object does not exist after constructor?

    - by openbas
    Hello, I have a constructor that looks like this (in c++): Interpreter::Interpreter() { tempDat == new DataObject(); tempDat->clear(); } the constructor of dataObject does absolutely nothing, and clear does this: bool DataObject::clear() { //clear the object if (current_max_id > 0) { indexTypeLookup.clear(); intData.clear(); doubleData.clear(); current_max_id = 0; } } Those members are defined as follows: std::map<int, int> indexTypeLookup; std::map<int, int> intData; std::map<int, double> doubleData; Now the strange thing is that I'm getting a segfault on tempDat-clear(); gdb says tempDat is null. How is that possible? The constructor of tempDat cannot fail, it looks like this: DataObject::DataObject() : current_max_id(0) { } I know there are probably better way's of making such a data structure, but I really like to know where this segfault problem is coming from..

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  • How to display two ObservableCollections as a single list in WPF?

    - by nareshbhatia
    I have two ObservableCollections, say ObservableCollection<Cat> and ObservableCollections<Dog>. Cat and Dog both derive from class Pet. I want to display a list of all Pets. How do I do this? I prefer not want create a new ObservableCollection<Pet> by adding items from the two source lists because this list will become stale as more Cats and Dogs are added to the source lists. I can think of two approaches: 1) Create a "Decorator" ObservableCollection that keeps the two source collections as members and iterates over them every time. 2) Create an ObservableCollection<Pet> that does have the combined elements of the two source collections, but is also dependent on the source collections. Thus if a Cat is added to the Cat collection, this collection is notified and it adds the new Cat to itself. Is there a standard way to solve this issue? I don't want to reinvent the wheel!

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  • Which database I can used and relationship in it ??

    - by mimo-hamad
    My projece make me confused which I didn't find clear things that make me understand the required database and the relationships in it So, would a super one help me to solve it ?!! ;D this is required: 1) Model the data stored in the database (Identify the entities, roles, relationships, constraints, etc.) 2) Write the Oracle commands to create the database, find appropriate data, and populate the database 3) Write five different queries on your database, using the SELECT/FROM/WHERE construct provided in SQL. Your five queries should illustrate several different aspects of database querying, such as: a. Queries over more than one relation (by listing more than one relation in the FROM clause) b. Queries involving aggregate functions, such as SUM, COUNT, and AVG c. Queries involving complicated selects and joins d. Queries involving GROUP BY, HAVING or other similar functions. e. Queries that require the use of the DISTINCT keyword. And this the condition that we need to determine it to solve the required Q's above : 5) It is desired to develop an Internet membership club to buy products at special prices online. To join, new members must be referred by another existing member of the club. The system will keep the following information for each member: The member ID, referring member, birth date, member name, address, phone, mobile, credit card type, number and expiration date. The items are always shipped to the member's address noted in the membership application. The shipping fees will differ for each order.For each item to be requested, the member will select an item from a long list of possible items. For each item in the database, we store an item ID, an item name, description, and list price. The list price will be different from the actual sale price. The available quantity and the back-ordered quantity (the back-ordered quantity is the quantity on-order by the club from its suppliers) is also noted

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  • Do COM Dll References Require Manual Disposal? If so, How?

    - by Drew
    I have written some code in VB that verifies that a particular port in the Windows Firewall is open, and opens one otherwise. The code uses references to three COM DLLs. I wrote a WindowsFirewall class, which Imports the primary namespace defined by the DLLs. Within members of the WindowsFirewall class I construct some of the types defined by the DLLs referenced. The following code isn't the entire class, but demonstrates what I am doing. Imports NetFwTypeLib Public Class WindowsFirewall Public Shared Function IsFirewallEnabled as Boolean Dim icfMgr As INetFwMgr icfMgr = CType(System.Activator.CreateInstance(Type.GetTypeFromProgID("HNetCfg.FwMgr")), INetFwMgr) Dim profile As INetFwProfile profile = icfMgr.LocalPolicy.CurrentProfile Dim fIsFirewallEnabled as Boolean fIsFirewallEnabled = profile.FirewallEnabled return fIsFirewallEnabled End Function End Class I do not reference COM DLLs very often. I have read that unmanaged code may not be cleaned up by the garbage collector and I would like to know how to make sure that I have not introduced any memory leaks. Please tell me (a) if I have introduced a memory leak, and (b) how I may clean it up. (My theory is that the icfMgr and profile objects do allocate memory that remains unreleased until after the application closes. I am hopeful that setting their references equal to nothing will mark them for garbage collection, since I can find no other way to dispose of them. Neither one implements IDisposable, and neither contains a Finalize method. I suspect they may not even be relevant here, and that both of those methods of releasing memory only apply to .Net types.)

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  • Few Basic Questions in Overriding

    - by Dahlia
    I have few problems with my basic and would be thankful if someone can clear this. What does it mean when I say base *b = new derived; Why would one go for this? We very well separately can create objects for class base and class derived and then call the functions accordingly. I know that this base *b = new derived; is called as Object Slicing but why and when would one go for this? I know why it is not advisable to convert the base class object to derived class object (because base class is not aware of the derived class members and methods). I even read in other StackOverflow threads that if this is gonna be the case then we have to change/re-visit our design. I understand all that, however, I am just curious, Is there any way to do this? class base { public: void f(){cout << "In Base";} }; class derived:public base { public: void f(){cout << "In Derived";} }; int _tmain(int argc, _TCHAR* argv[]) { base b1, b2; derived d1, d2; b2 = d1; d2 = reinterpret_cast<derived*>(b1); //gives error C2440 b1.f(); // Prints In Base d1.f(); // Prints In Derived b2.f(); // Prints In Base d1.base::f(); //Prints In Base d2.f(); getch(); return 0; } In case of my above example, is there any way I could call the base class f() using derived class object? I used d1.base()::f() I just want to know if there any way without using scope resolution operator? Thanks a lot for your time in helping me out!

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