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• How to safely reboot via First Boot script

  - by unixman

  With the cost and performance benefits of the SPARC T4 and SPARC T5 systems undeniably validated, the banking sector is actively moving to Solaris 11.  I was recently asked to help a banking customer of ours look at migrating some of their Solaris 10 logic over to Solaris 11.  While we've introduced a number of holistic improvements in Solaris 11, in terms of how we ease long-term software lifecycle management, it is important to appreciate that customers may not be able to move all of their Solaris 10 scripts and procedures at once; there are years of scripts that reflect fine-tuned requirements of proprietary banking software that gets layered on top of the operating system. One of these requirements is to go through a cycle of reboots, after the system is installed, in order to ensure appropriate software dependencies and various configuration files are in-place. While Solaris 10 introduced a facility that aids here, namely SMF, many of our customers simply haven't yet taken the time to take advantage of this - proceeding with logic that, while functional, without further analysis has an appearance of not being optimal in terms of taking advantage of all the niceties bundled in Solaris 11 at no extra cost. When looking at Solaris 11, we recognize that one of the vehicles that bridges the gap between getting the operating system image payload delivered, and the customized banking software installed, is a notion of a First Boot script.  I had a working example of this at one of the Oracle OpenWorld sessions a few years ago - we've since improved our documentation and have introduced sections where this is described in better detail.   If you're looking at this for the first time and you've not worked with IPS and SMF previously, you might get the sense that the tasks are daunting.   There is a set of technologies involved that are jointly engineered in order to make the process reliable, predictable and extensible. As you go down the path of writing your first boot script, you'll be faced with a need to wrap it into a SMF service and then packaged into a IPS package. The IPS package would then need to be placed onto your IPS repository, in order to subsequently be made available to all of your AI (Automated Install) clients (i.e. the systems that you're installing Solaris and your software onto).     With this blog post, I wanted to create a single place that outlines the entire process (simplistically), and provide a hint of how a good old "at" command may make the requirement of forcing an initial reboot handy. The syntax and references to commands here is based on running this on a version of Solaris 11 that has been updated since its initial release in 2011 (i.e. I am writing this on Solaris 11.1) Assuming you've built an AI server (see this How To article for an example), you might be asking yourself: "Ok, I've got some logic that I need executed AFTER Solaris is deployed and I need my own little script that would make that happen. How do I go about hooking that script into the Solaris 11 AI framework?"  You might start here, in Chapter 13 of the "Installing Oracle Solaris 11.1 Systems" guide, which talks about "Running a Custom Script During First Boot".  And as you do, you'll be confronted with command that might be unfamiliar to you if you're new to Solaris 11, like our dear new friend: svcbundle svcbundle is an aide to creating manifests and profiles.  It is awesome, but don't let its awesomeness overwhelm you. (See this How To article by my colleague Glynn Foster for a nice working example).  In order to get your script's logic integrated into the Solaris 11 deployment process, you need to wrap your (shell) script into 2 manifests -  a SMF service manifest and a IPS package manifest.  ....and if you're new to XML, well then -- buckle up We have some examples of small first boot scripts shown here, as templates to build upon. Necessary structure of the script, particularly in leveraging SMF interfaces, is key. I won't go into that here as that is covered nicely in the doc link above.    Let's say your script ends up looking like this (btw: if things appear to be cut-off in your browser, just select them, copy and paste into your editor and it'll be grabbed - the source gets captured eventhough the browser may not render it "correctly" - ah, computers). #!/bin/sh # Load SMF shell support definitions . /lib/svc/share/smf_include.sh # If nothing to do, exit with temporary disable completed=`svcprop -p config/completed site/first-boot-script-svc:default` [ "${completed}" = "true" ] && \ smf_method_exit $SMF_EXIT_TEMP_DISABLE completed "Configuration completed" # Obtain the active BE name from beadm: The active BE on reboot has an R in # the third column of 'beadm list' output. Its name is in column one. bename=`beadm list -Hd|nawk -F ';' '$3 ~ /R/ {print $1}'` beadm create ${bename}.orig echo "Original boot environment saved as ${bename}.orig" # ---- Place your one-time configuration tasks here ---- # For example, if you have to pull some files from your own pre-existing system: /usr/bin/wget -P /var/tmp/ $PULL_DOWN_ADDITIONAL_SCRIPTS_FROM_A_CORPORATE_SYSTEM /usr/bin/chmod 755 /var/tmp/$SCRIPTS_THAT_GOT_PULLED_DOWN_IN_STEP_ABOVE # Clearly the above 2 lines represent some logic that you'd have to customize to fit your needs. # # Perhaps additional things you may want to do here might be of use, like # (gasp!) configuring ssh server for root login and X11 forwarding (for testing), and the like... # # Oh and by the way, after we're done executing all of our proprietary scripts we need to reboot # the system in accordance with our operational software requirements to ensure all layered bits # get initialized properly and pull-in their own modules and components in the right sequence, # subsequently. # We need to set a "time bomb" reboot, that would take place upon completion of this script. # We already know that *this* script depends on multi-user-server SMF milestone, so it should be # safe for us to schedule a reboot for 5 minutes from now. The "at" job get scheduled in the queue # while our little script continues thru the rest of the logic. /usr/bin/at now + 5 minutes <<REBOOT /usr/bin/sync /usr/sbin/reboot REBOOT # ---- End of your customizations ---- # Record that this script's work is done svccfg -s site/first-boot-script-svc:default setprop config/completed = true svcadm refresh site/first-boot-script-svc:default smf_method_exit $SMF_EXIT_TEMP_DISABLE method_completed "Configuration completed"  ...and you're happy with it and are ready to move on. Where do you go and what do you do? The next step is creating the IPS package for your script. Since running the logic of your script constitutes a service, you need to create a service manifest. This is described here, in the middle of Chapter 13 of "Creating an IPS package for the script and service".  Assuming the name of your shell script is first-boot-script.sh, you could end up doing the following: $ cd some_working_directory_for_this_project$ mkdir -p proto/lib/svc/manifest/site$ mkdir -p proto/opt/site $ cp first-boot-script.sh proto/opt/site  Then you would create the service manifest  file like so: $ svcbundle -s service-name=site/first-boot-script-svc \ -s start-method=/opt/site/first-boot-script.sh \ -s instance-property=config:completed:boolean:false -o \ first-boot-script-svc-manifest.xml   ...as described here, and place it into the directory hierarchy above. But before you place it into the directory, make sure to inspect the manifest and adjust the appropriate service dependencies.  That is to say, you want to properly specify what milestone should be reached before your service runs.  There's a <dependency> section that looks like this, before you modify it: <dependency restart_on="none" type="service" name="multi_user_dependency" grouping="require_all"> <service_fmri value="svc:/milestone/multi-user"/>  </dependency>  So if you'd like to have your service run AFTER the multi-user-server milestone has been reached (i.e. later, as multi-user-server has more dependencies then multi-user and our intent to reboot the system may have significant ramifications if done prematurely), you would modify that section to read:  <dependency restart_on="none" type="service" name="multi_user_server_dependency" grouping="require_all"> <service_fmri value="svc:/milestone/multi-user-server"/>  </dependency> Save the file and validate it: $ svccfg validate first-boot-script-svc-manifest.xml Assuming there are no errors returned, copy the file over into the directory hierarchy: $ cp first-boot-script-svc-manifest.xml proto/lib/svc/manifest/site Now that we've created the service manifest (.xml), create the package manifest (.p5m) file named: first-boot-script.p5m.  Populate it as follows: set name=pkg.fmri value=first-boot-script-AT-1-DOT-0,5.11-0 set name=pkg.summary value="AI first-boot script" set name=pkg.description value="Script that runs at first boot after AI installation" set name=info.classification value=\ "org.opensolaris.category.2008:System/Administration and Configuration" file lib/svc/manifest/site/first-boot-script-svc-manifest.xml \ path=lib/svc/manifest/site/first-boot-script-svc-manifest.xml owner=root \ group=sys mode=0444 dir path=opt/site owner=root group=sys mode=0755 file opt/site/first-boot-script.sh path=opt/site/first-boot-script.sh \ owner=root group=sys mode=0555 Now we are going to publish this package into a IPS repository. If you don't have one yet, don't worry. You have 2 choices: You can either  publish this package into your mirror of the Oracle Solaris IPS repo or create your own customized repo.  The best practice is to create your own customized repo, leaving your mirror of the Oracle Solaris IPS repo untouched.  From this point, you have 2 choices as well - you can either create a repo that will be accessible by your clients via HTTP or via NFS.  Since HTTP is how the default Solaris repo is accessed, we'll go with HTTP for your own IPS repo.   This nice and comprehensive How To by Albert White describes how to create multiple internal IPS repos for Solaris 11. We'll zero in on the basic elements for our needs here: We'll create the IPS repo directory structure hanging off a separate ZFS file system, and we'll tie it into an instance of pkg.depotd. We do this because we want our IPS repo to be accessible to our AI clients through HTTP, and the pkg.depotd SMF service bundled in Solaris 11 can help us do this. We proceed as follows: # zfs create rpool/export/MyIPSrepo # pkgrepo create /export/MyIPSrepo # svccfg -s pkg/server add MyIPSrepo # svccfg -s pkg/server:MyIPSrepo addpg pkg application # svccfg -s pkg/server:MyIPSrepo setprop pkg/port=10081 # svccfg -s pkg/server:MyIPSrepo setprop pkg/inst_root=/export/MyIPSrepo # svccfg -s pkg/server:MyIPSrepo addpg general framework # svccfg -s pkg/server:MyIPSrepo addpropvalue general/complete astring: MyIPSrepo # svccfg -s pkg/server:MyIPSrepo addpropvalue general/enabled boolean: true # svccfg -s pkg/server:MyIPSrepo setprop pkg/readonly=true # svccfg -s pkg/server:MyIPSrepo setprop pkg/proxy_base = astring: http://your_internal_websrvr/MyIPSrepo # svccfg -s pkg/server:MyIPSrepo setprop pkg/threads = 200 # svcadm refresh application/pkg/server:MyIPSrepo # svcadm enable application/pkg/server:MyIPSrepo Now that the IPS repo is created, we need to publish our package into it: # pkgsend publish -d ./proto -s /export/MyIPSrepo first-boot-script.p5m If you find yourself making changes to your script, remember to up-rev the version in the .p5m file (which is your IPS package manifest), and re-publish the IPS package. Next, you need to go to your AI install server (which might be the same machine) and modify the AI manifest to include a reference to your newly created package.  We do that by listing an additional publisher, which would look like this (replacing the IP address and port with your own, from the "svccfg" commands up above): <publisher name="firstboot"> <origin name="http://192.168.1.222:10081"/> </publisher>  Further down, in the  <software_data action="install">  section add: <name>pkg:/first-boot-script</name> Make sure to update your Automated Install service with the new AI manifest via installadm update-manifest command.  Don't forget to boot your client from the network to watch the entire process unfold and your script get tested.  Once the system makes the initial reboot, the first boot script will be executed and whatever logic you've specified in it should be executed, too, followed by a nice reboot. When the system comes up, your service should stay in a disabled state, as specified by the tailing lines of your SMF script - this is normal and should be left as is as it helps provide an auditing trail for you.   Because the reboot is quite a significant action for the system, you may want to add additional logic to the script that actually places and then checks for presence of certain lock files in order to avoid doing a reboot unnecessarily. You may also want to, alternatively, remove the SMF service entirely - if you're unsure of the potential for someone to try and accidentally enable that service -- eventhough its role in life is to only run once upon the system's first boot. That is how I spent a good chunk of my pre-Halloween time this week, hope yours was just as SPARCkly^H^H^H^H fun!    

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• Securing an ADF Application using OES11g: Part 2

  - by user12587121

  To validate the integration with OES we need a sample ADF Application that is rich enough to allow us to test securing the various ADF elements.  To achieve this we can add some items including bounded task flows to the application developed in this tutorial. A sample JDeveloper 11.1.1.6 project is available here. It depends on the Fusion Order Demo (FOD) database schema which is easily created using the FOD build scripts.In the deployment we have chosen to enable only ADF Authentication as we will delegate Authorization, mostly, to OES.The welcome page of the application with all the links exposed looks as follows: The Welcome, Browse Products, Browse Stock and System Administration links go to pages while the Supplier Registration and Update Stock are bounded task flows.  The Login link goes to a basic login page and once logged in a link is presented that goes to a logout page.  Only the Browse Products and Browse Stock pages are really connected to the database--the other pages and task flows do not really perform any operations on the database. Required Security Policies We make use of a set of test users and roles as decscribed on the welcome page of the application.  In order to exercise the different authorization possibilities we would like to enforce the following sample policies: Anonymous users can see the Login, Welcome and Supplier Registration links. They can also see the Welcome page, the Login page and follow the Supplier Registration task flow.  They can see the icon adjacent to the Login link indicating whether they have logged in or not. Authenticated users can see the Browse Product page. Only staff granted the right can see the Browse Product page cost price value returned from the database and then only if the value is below a configurable limit. Suppliers and staff can see the Browse Stock links and pages.  Customers cannot. Suppliers can see the Update Stock link but only those with the update permission are allowed to follow the task flow that it launches.  We could hide the link but leave it exposed here so we can easily demonstrate the method call activity protecting the task flow. Only staff granted the right can see the System Administration link and the System Administration page it accesses. Implementing the required policies In order to secure the application we will make use of the following techniques: EL Expressions and Java backing beans: JSF has the notion of EL expressions to reference data from backing Java classes.  We use these to control the presentation of links on the navigation page which respect the security contraints.  So a user will not see links that he is not allowed to click on into. These Java backing beans can call on to OES for an authorization decision.  Important Note: naturally we would configure the WLS domain where our ADF application is running as an OES WLS SM, which would allow us to efficiently query OES over the PEP API.  However versioning conflicts between OES 11.1.1.5 and ADF 11.1.1.6 mean that this is not possible.  Nevertheless, we can make use of the OES RESTful gateway technique from this posting in order to call into OES. You can easily create and manage backing beans in Jdeveloper as follows: Custom ADF Phase Listener: ADF extends the JSF page lifecycle flow and allows one to hook into the flow to intercept page rendering.  We use this to put a check prior to rendering any protected pages, again calling on to OES via the backing bean.  Phase listeners are configured in the adf-settings.xml file.  See the MyPageListener.java class in the project.  Here, for example,  is the code we use in the listener to check for allowed access to the sysadmin page, navigating back to the welcome page if authorization is not granted:                         if (page != null && (page.equals("/system.jspx") || page.equals("/system"))){                             System.out.println("MyPageListener: Checking Authorization for /system");                             if (getValue("#{oesBackingBean.UIAccessSysAdmin}").toString().equals("false") ){                                   System.out.println("MyPageListener: Forcing navigation away from system" +                                       "to welcome");                                 NavigationHandler nh = fc.getApplication().getNavigationHandler();                                   nh.handleNavigation(fc, null, "welcome");                               } else {                                 System.out.println("MyPageListener: access allowed");                              }                         } Method call activity: our app makes use of bounded task flows to implement the sequence of pages that update the stock or allow suppliers to self register.  ADF takes care of ensuring that a bounded task flow can be entered by only one page.  So a way to protect all those pages is to make a call to OES in the first activity and then either exit the task flow or continue depending on the authorization decision.  The method call returns a String which contains the name of the transition to effect. This is where we configure the method call activity in JDeveloper: We implement each of the policies using the above techniques as follows: Policies 1 and 2: as these policies concern the coarse grained notions of controlling access to anonymous and authenticated users we can make use of the container’s security constraints which can be defined in the web.xml file.  The allPages constraint is added automatically when we configure Authentication for the ADF application.  We have added the “anonymousss” constraint to allow access to the the required pages, task flows and icons: <security-constraint>    <web-resource-collection>      <web-resource-name>anonymousss</web-resource-name>      <url-pattern>/faces/welcome</url-pattern>      <url-pattern>/afr/*</url-pattern>      <url-pattern>/adf/*</url-pattern>      <url-pattern>/key.png</url-pattern>      <url-pattern>/faces/supplier-reg-btf/*</url-pattern>      <url-pattern>/faces/supplier_register_complete</url-pattern>    </web-resource-collection>  </security-constraint> Policy 3: we can place an EL expression on the element representing the cost price on the products.jspx page: #{oesBackingBean.dataAccessCostPrice}. This EL Expression references a method in a Java backing bean that will call on to OES for an authorization decision.  In OES we model the authorization requirement by requiring the view permission on the resource /MyADFApp/data/costprice and granting it only to the staff application role.  We recover any obligations to determine the limit.  Policy 4: is implemented by putting an EL expression on the Browse Stock link #{oesBackingBean.UIAccessBrowseStock} which checks for the view permission on the /MyADFApp/ui/stock resource. The stock.jspx page is protected by checking for the same permission in a custom phase listener—if the required permission is not satisfied then we force navigation back to the welcome page. Policy 5: the Update Stock link is protected with the same EL expression as the Browse Link: #{oesBackingBean.UIAccessBrowseStock}.  However the Update Stock link launches a bounded task flow and to protect it the first activity in the flow is a method call activity which will execute an EL expression #{oesBackingBean.isUIAccessSupplierUpdateTransition}  to check for the update permission on the /MyADFApp/ui/stock resource and either transition to the next step in the flow or terminate the flow with an authorization error. Policy 6: the System Administration link is protected with an EL Expression #{oesBackingBean.UIAccessSysAdmin} that checks for view access on the /MyADF/ui/sysadmin resource.  The system page is protected in the same way at the stock page—the custom phase listener checks for the same permission that protects the link and if not satisfied we navigate back to the welcome page. Testing the Application To test the application: deploy the OES11g Admin to a WLS domain deploy the OES gateway in a another domain configured to be a WLS SM. You must ensure that the jps-config.xml file therein is configured to allow access to the identity store, otherwise the gateway will not b eable to resolve the principals for the requested users.  To do this ensure that the following elements appear in the jps-config.xml file: <serviceProvider type="IDENTITY_STORE" name="idstore.ldap.provider" class="oracle.security.jps.internal.idstore.ldap.LdapIdentityStoreProvider">             <description>LDAP-based IdentityStore Provider</description>  </serviceProvider> <serviceInstance name="idstore.ldap" provider="idstore.ldap.provider">             <property name="idstore.config.provider" value="oracle.security.jps.wls.internal.idstore.WlsLdapIdStoreConfigProvider"/>             <property name="CONNECTION_POOL_CLASS" value="oracle.security.idm.providers.stdldap.JNDIPool"/></serviceInstance> <serviceInstanceRef ref="idstore.ldap"/> download the sample application and change the URL to the gateway in the MyADFApp OESBackingBean code to point to the OES Gateway and deploy the application to an 11.1.1.6 WLS domain that has been extended with the ADF JRF files. You will need to configure the FOD database connection to point your database which contains the FOD schema. populate the OES Admin and OES Gateway WLS LDAP stores with the sample set of users and groups.  If  you have configured the WLS domains to point to the same LDAP then it would only have to be done once.  To help with this there is a directory called ldap_scripts in the sample project with ldif files for the test users and groups. start the OES Admin console and configure the required OES authorization policies for the MyADFApp application and push them to the WLS SM containing the OES Gateway. Login to the MyADFApp as each of the users described on the login page to test that the security policy is correct. You will see informative logging from the OES Gateway and the ADF application to their respective WLS consoles. Congratulations, you may now login to the OES Admin console and change policies that will control the behaviour of your ADF application--change the limit value in the obligation for the cost price for example, or define Role Mapping policies to determine staff access to the system administration page based on user profile attributes. ADF Development Notes Some notes on ADF development which are probably typical gotchas: May need this on WLS startup in order to allow us to overwrite credentials for the database, the signal here is that there is an error trying to access the data base: -Djps.app.credential.overwrite.allowed=true Best to call Bounded Task flows via a CommandLink (as opposed to a go link) as you cannot seem to start them again from a go link, even having completed the task flow correctly with a return activity. Once a bounded task flow (BTF) is initated it must complete correctly  via a return activity—attempting to click on any other link whilst in the context of a  BTF has no effect.  See here for example: When using the ADF Authentication only security approach it seems to be awkward to allow anonymous access to the welcome and registration pages.  We can achieve anonymous access using the web.xml security constraint shown above (where no auth-constraint is specified) however it is not clear what needs to be listed in there….for example the /afr/* and /adf/* are in there by trial and error as sometimes the welcome page will not render if we omit those items.  I was not able to use the default allPages constraint with for example the anonymous-role or the everyone WLS group in order to be able to allow anonymous access to pages. The ADF security best practice advises placing all pages under the public_html/WEB-INF folder as then ADF will not allow any direct access to the .jspx pages but will only allow acces via a link of the form /faces/welcome rather than /faces/welcome.jspx.  This seems like a very good practice to follow as having multiple entry points to data is a source of confusion in a web application (particulary from a security point of view). In Authentication+Authorization mode only pages with a Page definition file are protected.  In order to add an emty one right click on the page and choose Go to Page Definition.  This will create an empty page definition and now the page will require explicit permission to be seen. It is advisable to give a unique context root via the weblogic.xml for the application, as otherwise the application will clash with any other application with the same context root and it will not deploy

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• Using FiddlerCore to capture HTTP Requests with .NET

  - by Rick Strahl

  Over the last few weeks I’ve been working on my Web load testing utility West Wind WebSurge. One of the key components of a load testing tool is the ability to capture URLs effectively so that you can play them back later under load. One of the options in WebSurge for capturing URLs is to use its built-in capture tool which acts as an HTTP proxy to capture any HTTP and HTTPS traffic from most Windows HTTP clients, including Web Browsers as well as standalone Windows applications and services. To make this happen, I used Eric Lawrence’s awesome FiddlerCore library, which provides most of the functionality of his desktop Fiddler application, all rolled into an easy to use library that you can plug into your own applications. FiddlerCore makes it almost too easy to capture HTTP content! For WebSurge I needed to capture all HTTP traffic in order to capture the full HTTP request – URL, headers and any content posted by the client. The result of what I ended up creating is this semi-generic capture form: In this post I’m going to demonstrate how easy it is to use FiddlerCore to build this HTTP Capture Form.  If you want to jump right in here are the links to get Telerik’s Fiddler Core and the code for the demo provided here. FiddlerCore Download FiddlerCore on NuGet Show me the Code (WebSurge Integration code from GitHub) Download the WinForms Sample Form West Wind Web Surge (example implementation in live app) Note that FiddlerCore is bound by a license for commercial usage – see license.txt in the FiddlerCore distribution for details. Integrating FiddlerCore FiddlerCore is a library that simply plugs into your application. You can download it from the Telerik site and manually add the assemblies to your project, or you can simply install the NuGet package via:       PM> Install-Package FiddlerCore The library consists of the FiddlerCore.dll as well as a couple of support libraries (CertMaker.dll and BCMakeCert.dll) that are used for installing SSL certificates. I’ll have more on SSL captures and certificate installation later in this post. But first let’s see how easy it is to use FiddlerCore to capture HTTP content by looking at how to build the above capture form. Capturing HTTP Content Once the library is installed it’s super easy to hook up Fiddler functionality. Fiddler includes a number of static class methods on the FiddlerApplication object that can be called to hook up callback events as well as actual start monitoring HTTP URLs. In the following code directly lifted from WebSurge, I configure a few filter options on Form level object, from the user inputs shown on the form by assigning it to a capture options object. In the live application these settings are persisted configuration values, but in the demo they are one time values initialized and set on the form. Once these options are set, I hook up the AfterSessionComplete event to capture every URL that passes through the proxy after the request is completed and start up the Proxy service:void Start() { if (tbIgnoreResources.Checked) CaptureConfiguration.IgnoreResources = true; else CaptureConfiguration.IgnoreResources = false; string strProcId = txtProcessId.Text; if (strProcId.Contains('-')) strProcId = strProcId.Substring(strProcId.IndexOf('-') + 1).Trim(); strProcId = strProcId.Trim(); int procId = 0; if (!string.IsNullOrEmpty(strProcId)) { if (!int.TryParse(strProcId, out procId)) procId = 0; } CaptureConfiguration.ProcessId = procId; CaptureConfiguration.CaptureDomain = txtCaptureDomain.Text; FiddlerApplication.AfterSessionComplete += FiddlerApplication_AfterSessionComplete; FiddlerApplication.Startup(8888, true, true, true); } The key lines for FiddlerCore are just the last two lines of code that include the event hookup code as well as the Startup() method call. Here I only hook up to the AfterSessionComplete event but there are a number of other events that hook various stages of the HTTP request cycle you can also hook into. Other events include BeforeRequest, BeforeResponse, RequestHeadersAvailable, ResponseHeadersAvailable and so on. In my case I want to capture the request data and I actually have several options to capture this data. AfterSessionComplete is the last event that fires in the request sequence and it’s the most common choice to capture all request and response data. I could have used several other events, but AfterSessionComplete is one place where you can look both at the request and response data, so this will be the most common place to hook into if you’re capturing content. The implementation of AfterSessionComplete is responsible for capturing all HTTP request headers and it looks something like this:private void FiddlerApplication_AfterSessionComplete(Session sess) { // Ignore HTTPS connect requests if (sess.RequestMethod == "CONNECT") return; if (CaptureConfiguration.ProcessId > 0) { if (sess.LocalProcessID != 0 && sess.LocalProcessID != CaptureConfiguration.ProcessId) return; } if (!string.IsNullOrEmpty(CaptureConfiguration.CaptureDomain)) { if (sess.hostname.ToLower() != CaptureConfiguration.CaptureDomain.Trim().ToLower()) return; } if (CaptureConfiguration.IgnoreResources) { string url = sess.fullUrl.ToLower(); var extensions = CaptureConfiguration.ExtensionFilterExclusions; foreach (var ext in extensions) { if (url.Contains(ext)) return; } var filters = CaptureConfiguration.UrlFilterExclusions; foreach (var urlFilter in filters) { if (url.Contains(urlFilter)) return; } } if (sess == null || sess.oRequest == null || sess.oRequest.headers == null) return; string headers = sess.oRequest.headers.ToString(); var reqBody = sess.GetRequestBodyAsString(); // if you wanted to capture the response //string respHeaders = session.oResponse.headers.ToString(); //var respBody = session.GetResponseBodyAsString(); // replace the HTTP line to inject full URL string firstLine = sess.RequestMethod + " " + sess.fullUrl + " " + sess.oRequest.headers.HTTPVersion; int at = headers.IndexOf("\r\n"); if (at < 0) return; headers = firstLine + "\r\n" + headers.Substring(at + 1); string output = headers + "\r\n" + (!string.IsNullOrEmpty(reqBody) ? reqBody + "\r\n" : string.Empty) + Separator + "\r\n\r\n"; BeginInvoke(new Action<string>((text) => { txtCapture.AppendText(text); UpdateButtonStatus(); }), output); } The code starts by filtering out some requests based on the CaptureOptions I set before the capture is started. These options/filters are applied when requests actually come in. This is very useful to help narrow down the requests that are captured for playback based on options the user picked. I find it useful to limit requests to a certain domain for captures, as well as filtering out some request types like static resources – images, css, scripts etc. This is of course optional, but I think it’s a common scenario and WebSurge makes good use of this feature. AfterSessionComplete like other FiddlerCore events, provides a Session object parameter which contains all the request and response details. There are oRequest and oResponse objects to hold their respective data. In my case I’m interested in the raw request headers and body only, as you can see in the commented code you can also retrieve the response headers and body. Here the code captures the request headers and body and simply appends the output to the textbox on the screen. Note that the Fiddler events are asynchronous, so in order to display the content in the UI they have to be marshaled back the UI thread with BeginInvoke, which here simply takes the generated headers and appends it to the existing textbox test on the form. As each request is processed, the headers are captured and appended to the bottom of the textbox resulting in a Session HTTP capture in the format that Web Surge internally supports, which is basically raw request headers with a customized 1st HTTP Header line that includes the full URL rather than a server relative URL. When the capture is done the user can either copy the raw HTTP session to the clipboard, or directly save it to file. This raw capture format is the same format WebSurge and also Fiddler use to import/export request data. While this code is application specific, it demonstrates the kind of logic that you can easily apply to the request capture process, which is one of the reasonsof why FiddlerCore is so powerful. You get to choose what content you want to look up as part of your own application logic and you can then decide how to capture or use that data as part of your application. The actual captured data in this case is only a string. The user can edit the data by hand or in the the case of WebSurge, save it to disk and automatically open the captured session as a new load test. Stopping the FiddlerCore Proxy Finally to stop capturing requests you simply disconnect the event handler and call the FiddlerApplication.ShutDown() method:void Stop() { FiddlerApplication.AfterSessionComplete -= FiddlerApplication_AfterSessionComplete; if (FiddlerApplication.IsStarted()) FiddlerApplication.Shutdown(); } As you can see, adding HTTP capture functionality to an application is very straight forward. FiddlerCore offers tons of features I’m not even touching on here – I suspect basic captures are the most common scenario, but a lot of different things can be done with FiddlerCore’s simple API interface. Sky’s the limit! The source code for this sample capture form (WinForms) is provided as part of this article. Adding Fiddler Certificates with FiddlerCore One of the sticking points in West Wind WebSurge has been that if you wanted to capture HTTPS/SSL traffic, you needed to have the full version of Fiddler and have HTTPS decryption enabled. Essentially you had to use Fiddler to configure HTTPS decryption and the associated installation of the Fiddler local client certificate that is used for local decryption of incoming SSL traffic. While this works just fine, requiring to have Fiddler installed and then using a separate application to configure the SSL functionality isn’t ideal. Fortunately FiddlerCore actually includes the tools to register the Fiddler Certificate directly using FiddlerCore. Why does Fiddler need a Certificate in the first Place? Fiddler and FiddlerCore are essentially HTTP proxies which means they inject themselves into the HTTP conversation by re-routing HTTP traffic to a special HTTP port (8888 by default for Fiddler) and then forward the HTTP data to the original client. Fiddler injects itself as the system proxy in using the WinInet Windows settings  which are the same settings that Internet Explorer uses and that are configured in the Windows and Internet Explorer Internet Settings dialog. Most HTTP clients running on Windows pick up and apply these system level Proxy settings before establishing new HTTP connections and that’s why most clients automatically work once Fiddler – or FiddlerCore/WebSurge are running. For plain HTTP requests this just works – Fiddler intercepts the HTTP requests on the proxy port and then forwards them to the original port (80 for HTTP and 443 for SSL typically but it could be any port). For SSL however, this is not quite as simple – Fiddler can easily act as an HTTPS/SSL client to capture inbound requests from the server, but when it forwards the request to the client it has to also act as an SSL server and provide a certificate that the client trusts. This won’t be the original certificate from the remote site, but rather a custom local certificate that effectively simulates an SSL connection between the proxy and the client. If there is no custom certificate configured for Fiddler the SSL request fails with a certificate validation error. The key for this to work is that a custom certificate has to be installed that the HTTPS client trusts on the local machine. For a much more detailed description of the process you can check out Eric Lawrence’s blog post on Certificates. If you’re using the desktop version of Fiddler you can install a local certificate into the Windows certificate store. Fiddler proper does this from the Options menu: This operation does several things: It installs the Fiddler Root Certificate It sets trust to this Root Certificate A new client certificate is generated for each HTTPS site monitored Certificate Installation with FiddlerCore You can also provide this same functionality using FiddlerCore which includes a CertMaker class. Using CertMaker is straight forward to use and it provides an easy way to create some simple helpers that can install and uninstall a Fiddler Root certificate:public static bool InstallCertificate() { if (!CertMaker.rootCertExists()) { if (!CertMaker.createRootCert()) return false; if (!CertMaker.trustRootCert()) return false; } return true; } public static bool UninstallCertificate() { if (CertMaker.rootCertExists()) { if (!CertMaker.removeFiddlerGeneratedCerts(true)) return false; } return true; } InstallCertificate() works by first checking whether the root certificate is already installed and if it isn’t goes ahead and creates a new one. The process of creating the certificate is a two step process – first the actual certificate is created and then it’s moved into the certificate store to become trusted. I’m not sure why you’d ever split these operations up since a cert created without trust isn’t going to be of much value, but there are two distinct steps. When you trigger the trustRootCert() method, a message box will pop up on the desktop that lets you know that you’re about to trust a local private certificate. This is a security feature to ensure that you really want to trust the Fiddler root since you are essentially installing a man in the middle certificate. It’s quite safe to use this generated root certificate, because it’s been specifically generated for your machine and thus is not usable from external sources, the only way to use this certificate in a trusted way is from the local machine. IOW, unless somebody has physical access to your machine, there’s no useful way to hijack this certificate and use it for nefarious purposes (see Eric’s post for more details). Once the Root certificate has been installed, FiddlerCore/Fiddler create new certificates for each site that is connected to with HTTPS. You can end up with quite a few temporary certificates in your certificate store. To uninstall you can either use Fiddler and simply uncheck the Decrypt HTTPS traffic option followed by the remove Fiddler certificates button, or you can use FiddlerCore’s CertMaker.removeFiddlerGeneratedCerts() which removes the root cert and any of the intermediary certificates Fiddler created. Keep in mind that when you uninstall you uninstall the certificate for both FiddlerCore and Fiddler, so use UninstallCertificate() with care and realize that you might affect the Fiddler application’s operation by doing so as well. When to check for an installed Certificate Note that the check to see if the root certificate exists is pretty fast, while the actual process of installing the certificate is a relatively slow operation that even on a fast machine takes a few seconds. Further the trust operation pops up a message box so you probably don’t want to install the certificate repeatedly. Since the check for the root certificate is fast, you can easily put a call to InstallCertificate() in any capture startup code – in which case the certificate installation only triggers when a certificate is in fact not installed. Personally I like to make certificate installation explicit – just like Fiddler does, so in WebSurge I use a small drop down option on the menu to install or uninstall the SSL certificate:   This code calls the InstallCertificate and UnInstallCertificate functions respectively – the experience with this is similar to what you get in Fiddler with the extra dialog box popping up to prompt confirmation for installation of the root certificate. Once the cert is installed you can then capture SSL requests. There’s a gotcha however… Gotcha: FiddlerCore Certificates don’t stick by Default When I originally tried to use the Fiddler certificate installation I ran into an odd problem. I was able to install the certificate and immediately after installation was able to capture HTTPS requests. Then I would exit the application and come back in and try the same HTTPS capture again and it would fail due to a missing certificate. CertMaker.rootCertExists() would return false after every restart and if re-installed the certificate a new certificate would get added to the certificate store resulting in a bunch of duplicated root certificates with different keys. What the heck? CertMaker and BcMakeCert create non-sticky CertificatesI turns out that FiddlerCore by default uses different components from what the full version of Fiddler uses. Fiddler uses a Windows utility called MakeCert.exe to create the Fiddler Root certificate. FiddlerCore however installs the CertMaker.dll and BCMakeCert.dll assemblies, which use a different crypto library (Bouncy Castle) for certificate creation than MakeCert.exe which uses the Windows Crypto API. The assemblies provide support for non-windows operation for Fiddler under Mono, as well as support for some non-Windows certificate platforms like iOS and Android for decryption. The bottom line is that the FiddlerCore provided bouncy castle assemblies are not sticky by default as the certificates created with them are not cached as they are in Fiddler proper. To get certificates to ‘stick’ you have to explicitly cache the certificates in Fiddler’s internal preferences. A cache aware version of InstallCertificate looks something like this:public static bool InstallCertificate() { if (!CertMaker.rootCertExists()) { if (!CertMaker.createRootCert()) return false; if (!CertMaker.trustRootCert()) return false; App.Configuration.UrlCapture.Cert = FiddlerApplication.Prefs.GetStringPref("fiddler.certmaker.bc.cert", null); App.Configuration.UrlCapture.Key = FiddlerApplication.Prefs.GetStringPref("fiddler.certmaker.bc.key", null); } return true; } public static bool UninstallCertificate() { if (CertMaker.rootCertExists()) { if (!CertMaker.removeFiddlerGeneratedCerts(true)) return false; } App.Configuration.UrlCapture.Cert = null; App.Configuration.UrlCapture.Key = null; return true; } In this code I store the Fiddler cert and private key in an application configuration settings that’s stored with the application settings (App.Configuration.UrlCapture object). These settings automatically persist when WebSurge is shut down. The values are read out of Fiddler’s internal preferences store which is set after a new certificate has been created. Likewise I clear out the configuration settings when the certificate is uninstalled. In order for these setting to be used you have to also load the configuration settings into the Fiddler preferences *before* a call to rootCertExists() is made. I do this in the capture form’s constructor:public FiddlerCapture(StressTestForm form) { InitializeComponent(); CaptureConfiguration = App.Configuration.UrlCapture; MainForm = form; if (!string.IsNullOrEmpty(App.Configuration.UrlCapture.Cert)) { FiddlerApplication.Prefs.SetStringPref("fiddler.certmaker.bc.key", App.Configuration.UrlCapture.Key); FiddlerApplication.Prefs.SetStringPref("fiddler.certmaker.bc.cert", App.Configuration.UrlCapture.Cert); }} This is kind of a drag to do and not documented anywhere that I could find, so hopefully this will save you some grief if you want to work with the stock certificate logic that installs with FiddlerCore. MakeCert provides sticky Certificates and the same functionality as Fiddler But there’s actually an easier way. If you want to skip the above Fiddler preference configuration code in your application you can choose to distribute MakeCert.exe instead of certmaker.dll and bcmakecert.dll. When you use MakeCert.exe, the certificates settings are stored in Windows so they are available without any custom configuration inside of your application. It’s easier to integrate and as long as you run on Windows and you don’t need to support iOS or Android devices is simply easier to deal with. To integrate into your project, you can remove the reference to CertMaker.dll (and the BcMakeCert.dll assembly) from your project. Instead copy MakeCert.exe into your output folder. To make sure MakeCert.exe gets pushed out, include MakeCert.exe in your project and set the Build Action to None, and Copy to Output Directory to Copy if newer. Note that the CertMaker.dll reference in the project has been removed and on disk the files for Certmaker.dll, as well as the BCMakeCert.dll files on disk. Keep in mind that these DLLs are resources of the FiddlerCore NuGet package, so updating the package may end up pushing those files back into your project. Once MakeCert.exe is distributed FiddlerCore checks for it first before using the assemblies so as long as MakeCert.exe exists it’ll be used for certificate creation (at least on Windows). Summary FiddlerCore is a pretty sweet tool, and it’s absolutely awesome that we get to plug in most of the functionality of Fiddler right into our own applications. A few years back I tried to build this sort of functionality myself for an app and ended up giving up because it’s a big job to get HTTP right – especially if you need to support SSL. FiddlerCore now provides that functionality as a turnkey solution that can be plugged into your own apps easily. The only downside is FiddlerCore’s documentation for more advanced features like certificate installation which is pretty sketchy. While for the most part FiddlerCore’s feature set is easy to work with without any documentation, advanced features are often not intuitive to gleam by just using Intellisense or the FiddlerCore help file reference (which is not terribly useful). While Eric Lawrence is very responsive on his forum and on Twitter, there simply isn’t much useful documentation on Fiddler/FiddlerCore available online. If you run into trouble the forum is probably the first place to look and then ask a question if you can’t find the answer. The best documentation you can find is Eric’s Fiddler Book which covers a ton of functionality of Fiddler and FiddlerCore. The book is a great reference to Fiddler’s feature set as well as providing great insights into the HTTP protocol. The second half of the book that gets into the innards of HTTP is an excellent read for anybody who wants to know more about some of the more arcane aspects and special behaviors of HTTP – it’s well worth the read. While the book has tons of information in a very readable format, it’s unfortunately not a great reference as it’s hard to find things in the book and because it’s not available online you can’t electronically search for the great content in it. But it’s hard to complain about any of this given the obvious effort and love that’s gone into this awesome product for all of these years. A mighty big thanks to Eric Lawrence  for having created this useful tool that so many of us use all the time, and also to Telerik for picking up Fiddler/FiddlerCore and providing Eric the resources to support and improve this wonderful tool full time and keeping it free for all. Kudos! Resources FiddlerCore Download FiddlerCore NuGet Fiddler Capture Sample Form Fiddler Capture Form in West Wind WebSurge (GitHub) Eric Lawrence’s Fiddler Book© Rick Strahl, West Wind Technologies, 2005-2014Posted in .NET  HTTP   Tweet !function(d,s,id){var js,fjs=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0];if(!d.getElementById(id)){js=d.createElement(s);js.id=id;js.src="//platform.twitter.com/widgets.js";fjs.parentNode.insertBefore(js,fjs);}}(document,"script","twitter-wjs"); (function() { var po = document.createElement('script'); po.type = 'text/javascript'; po.async = true; po.src = 'https://apis.google.com/js/plusone.js'; var s = document.getElementsByTagName('script')[0]; s.parentNode.insertBefore(po, s); })();

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• Improving Partitioned Table Join Performance

  - by Paul White

  The query optimizer does not always choose an optimal strategy when joining partitioned tables. This post looks at an example, showing how a manual rewrite of the query can almost double performance, while reducing the memory grant to almost nothing. Test Data The two tables in this example use a common partitioning partition scheme. The partition function uses 41 equal-size partitions: CREATE PARTITION FUNCTION PFT (integer) AS RANGE RIGHT FOR VALUES ( 125000, 250000, 375000, 500000, 625000, 750000, 875000, 1000000, 1125000, 1250000, 1375000, 1500000, 1625000, 1750000, 1875000, 2000000, 2125000, 2250000, 2375000, 2500000, 2625000, 2750000, 2875000, 3000000, 3125000, 3250000, 3375000, 3500000, 3625000, 3750000, 3875000, 4000000, 4125000, 4250000, 4375000, 4500000, 4625000, 4750000, 4875000, 5000000 ); GO CREATE PARTITION SCHEME PST AS PARTITION PFT ALL TO ([PRIMARY]); There two tables are: CREATE TABLE dbo.T1 ( TID integer NOT NULL IDENTITY(0,1), Column1 integer NOT NULL, Padding binary(100) NOT NULL DEFAULT 0x,   CONSTRAINT PK_T1 PRIMARY KEY CLUSTERED (TID) ON PST (TID) );   CREATE TABLE dbo.T2 ( TID integer NOT NULL, Column1 integer NOT NULL, Padding binary(100) NOT NULL DEFAULT 0x,   CONSTRAINT PK_T2 PRIMARY KEY CLUSTERED (TID, Column1) ON PST (TID) ); The next script loads 5 million rows into T1 with a pseudo-random value between 1 and 5 for Column1. The table is partitioned on the IDENTITY column TID: INSERT dbo.T1 WITH (TABLOCKX) (Column1) SELECT (ABS(CHECKSUM(NEWID())) % 5) + 1 FROM dbo.Numbers AS N WHERE n BETWEEN 1 AND 5000000; In case you don’t already have an auxiliary table of numbers lying around, here’s a script to create one with 10 million rows: CREATE TABLE dbo.Numbers (n bigint PRIMARY KEY);   WITH L0 AS(SELECT 1 AS c UNION ALL SELECT 1), L1 AS(SELECT 1 AS c FROM L0 AS A CROSS JOIN L0 AS B), L2 AS(SELECT 1 AS c FROM L1 AS A CROSS JOIN L1 AS B), L3 AS(SELECT 1 AS c FROM L2 AS A CROSS JOIN L2 AS B), L4 AS(SELECT 1 AS c FROM L3 AS A CROSS JOIN L3 AS B), L5 AS(SELECT 1 AS c FROM L4 AS A CROSS JOIN L4 AS B), Nums AS(SELECT ROW_NUMBER() OVER (ORDER BY (SELECT NULL)) AS n FROM L5) INSERT dbo.Numbers WITH (TABLOCKX) SELECT TOP (10000000) n FROM Nums ORDER BY n OPTION (MAXDOP 1); Table T1 contains data like this: Next we load data into table T2. The relationship between the two tables is that table 2 contains ‘n’ rows for each row in table 1, where ‘n’ is determined by the value in Column1 of table T1. There is nothing particularly special about the data or distribution, by the way. INSERT dbo.T2 WITH (TABLOCKX) (TID, Column1) SELECT T.TID, N.n FROM dbo.T1 AS T JOIN dbo.Numbers AS N ON N.n >= 1 AND N.n <= T.Column1; Table T2 ends up containing about 15 million rows: The primary key for table T2 is a combination of TID and Column1. The data is partitioned according to the value in column TID alone. Partition Distribution The following query shows the number of rows in each partition of table T1: SELECT PartitionID = CA1.P, NumRows = COUNT_BIG(*) FROM dbo.T1 AS T CROSS APPLY (VALUES ($PARTITION.PFT(TID))) AS CA1 (P) GROUP BY CA1.P ORDER BY CA1.P; There are 40 partitions containing 125,000 rows (40 * 125k = 5m rows). The rightmost partition remains empty. The next query shows the distribution for table 2: SELECT PartitionID = CA1.P, NumRows = COUNT_BIG(*) FROM dbo.T2 AS T CROSS APPLY (VALUES ($PARTITION.PFT(TID))) AS CA1 (P) GROUP BY CA1.P ORDER BY CA1.P; There are roughly 375,000 rows in each partition (the rightmost partition is also empty): Ok, that’s the test data done. Test Query and Execution Plan The task is to count the rows resulting from joining tables 1 and 2 on the TID column: SET STATISTICS IO ON; DECLARE @s datetime2 = SYSUTCDATETIME();   SELECT COUNT_BIG(*) FROM dbo.T1 AS T1 JOIN dbo.T2 AS T2 ON T2.TID = T1.TID;   SELECT DATEDIFF(Millisecond, @s, SYSUTCDATETIME()); SET STATISTICS IO OFF; The optimizer chooses a plan using parallel hash join, and partial aggregation: The Plan Explorer plan tree view shows accurate cardinality estimates and an even distribution of rows across threads (click to enlarge the image): With a warm data cache, the STATISTICS IO output shows that no physical I/O was needed, and all 41 partitions were touched: Running the query without actual execution plan or STATISTICS IO information for maximum performance, the query returns in around 2600ms. Execution Plan Analysis The first step toward improving on the execution plan produced by the query optimizer is to understand how it works, at least in outline. The two parallel Clustered Index Scans use multiple threads to read rows from tables T1 and T2. Parallel scan uses a demand-based scheme where threads are given page(s) to scan from the table as needed. This arrangement has certain important advantages, but does result in an unpredictable distribution of rows amongst threads. The point is that multiple threads cooperate to scan the whole table, but it is impossible to predict which rows end up on which threads. For correct results from the parallel hash join, the execution plan has to ensure that rows from T1 and T2 that might join are processed on the same thread. For example, if a row from T1 with join key value ‘1234’ is placed in thread 5’s hash table, the execution plan must guarantee that any rows from T2 that also have join key value ‘1234’ probe thread 5’s hash table for matches. The way this guarantee is enforced in this parallel hash join plan is by repartitioning rows to threads after each parallel scan. The two repartitioning exchanges route rows to threads using a hash function over the hash join keys. The two repartitioning exchanges use the same hash function so rows from T1 and T2 with the same join key must end up on the same hash join thread. Expensive Exchanges This business of repartitioning rows between threads can be very expensive, especially if a large number of rows is involved. The execution plan selected by the optimizer moves 5 million rows through one repartitioning exchange and around 15 million across the other. As a first step toward removing these exchanges, consider the execution plan selected by the optimizer if we join just one partition from each table, disallowing parallelism: SELECT COUNT_BIG(*) FROM dbo.T1 AS T1 JOIN dbo.T2 AS T2 ON T2.TID = T1.TID WHERE $PARTITION.PFT(T1.TID) = 1 AND $PARTITION.PFT(T2.TID) = 1 OPTION (MAXDOP 1); The optimizer has chosen a (one-to-many) merge join instead of a hash join. The single-partition query completes in around 100ms. If everything scaled linearly, we would expect that extending this strategy to all 40 populated partitions would result in an execution time around 4000ms. Using parallelism could reduce that further, perhaps to be competitive with the parallel hash join chosen by the optimizer. This raises a question. If the most efficient way to join one partition from each of the tables is to use a merge join, why does the optimizer not choose a merge join for the full query? Forcing a Merge Join Let’s force the optimizer to use a merge join on the test query using a hint: SELECT COUNT_BIG(*) FROM dbo.T1 AS T1 JOIN dbo.T2 AS T2 ON T2.TID = T1.TID OPTION (MERGE JOIN); This is the execution plan selected by the optimizer: This plan results in the same number of logical reads reported previously, but instead of 2600ms the query takes 5000ms. The natural explanation for this drop in performance is that the merge join plan is only using a single thread, whereas the parallel hash join plan could use multiple threads. Parallel Merge Join We can get a parallel merge join plan using the same query hint as before, and adding trace flag 8649: SELECT COUNT_BIG(*) FROM dbo.T1 AS T1 JOIN dbo.T2 AS T2 ON T2.TID = T1.TID OPTION (MERGE JOIN, QUERYTRACEON 8649); The execution plan is: This looks promising. It uses a similar strategy to distribute work across threads as seen for the parallel hash join. In practice though, performance is disappointing. On a typical run, the parallel merge plan runs for around 8400ms; slower than the single-threaded merge join plan (5000ms) and much worse than the 2600ms for the parallel hash join. We seem to be going backwards! The logical reads for the parallel merge are still exactly the same as before, with no physical IOs. The cardinality estimates and thread distribution are also still very good (click to enlarge): A big clue to the reason for the poor performance is shown in the wait statistics (captured by Plan Explorer Pro): CXPACKET waits require careful interpretation, and are most often benign, but in this case excessive waiting occurs at the repartitioning exchanges. Unlike the parallel hash join, the repartitioning exchanges in this plan are order-preserving ‘merging’ exchanges (because merge join requires ordered inputs): Parallelism works best when threads can just grab any available unit of work and get on with processing it. Preserving order introduces inter-thread dependencies that can easily lead to significant waits occurring. In extreme cases, these dependencies can result in an intra-query deadlock, though the details of that will have to wait for another time to explore in detail. The potential for waits and deadlocks leads the query optimizer to cost parallel merge join relatively highly, especially as the degree of parallelism (DOP) increases. This high costing resulted in the optimizer choosing a serial merge join rather than parallel in this case. The test results certainly confirm its reasoning. Collocated Joins In SQL Server 2008 and later, the optimizer has another available strategy when joining tables that share a common partition scheme. This strategy is a collocated join, also known as as a per-partition join. It can be applied in both serial and parallel execution plans, though it is limited to 2-way joins in the current optimizer. Whether the optimizer chooses a collocated join or not depends on cost estimation. The primary benefits of a collocated join are that it eliminates an exchange and requires less memory, as we will see next. Costing and Plan Selection The query optimizer did consider a collocated join for our original query, but it was rejected on cost grounds. The parallel hash join with repartitioning exchanges appeared to be a cheaper option. There is no query hint to force a collocated join, so we have to mess with the costing framework to produce one for our test query. Pretending that IOs cost 50 times more than usual is enough to convince the optimizer to use collocated join with our test query: -- Pretend IOs are 50x cost temporarily DBCC SETIOWEIGHT(50);   -- Co-located hash join SELECT COUNT_BIG(*) FROM dbo.T1 AS T1 JOIN dbo.T2 AS T2 ON T2.TID = T1.TID OPTION (RECOMPILE);   -- Reset IO costing DBCC SETIOWEIGHT(1); Collocated Join Plan The estimated execution plan for the collocated join is: The Constant Scan contains one row for each partition of the shared partitioning scheme, from 1 to 41. The hash repartitioning exchanges seen previously are replaced by a single Distribute Streams exchange using Demand partitioning. Demand partitioning means that the next partition id is given to the next parallel thread that asks for one. My test machine has eight logical processors, and all are available for SQL Server to use. As a result, there are eight threads in the single parallel branch in this plan, each processing one partition from each table at a time. Once a thread finishes processing a partition, it grabs a new partition number from the Distribute Streams exchange…and so on until all partitions have been processed. It is important to understand that the parallel scans in this plan are different from the parallel hash join plan. Although the scans have the same parallelism icon, tables T1 and T2 are not being co-operatively scanned by multiple threads in the same way. Each thread reads a single partition of T1 and performs a hash match join with the same partition from table T2. The properties of the two Clustered Index Scans show a Seek Predicate (unusual for a scan!) limiting the rows to a single partition: The crucial point is that the join between T1 and T2 is on TID, and TID is the partitioning column for both tables. A thread that processes partition ‘n’ is guaranteed to see all rows that can possibly join on TID for that partition. In addition, no other thread will see rows from that partition, so this removes the need for repartitioning exchanges. CPU and Memory Efficiency Improvements The collocated join has removed two expensive repartitioning exchanges and added a single exchange processing 41 rows (one for each partition id). Remember, the parallel hash join plan exchanges had to process 5 million and 15 million rows. The amount of processor time spent on exchanges will be much lower in the collocated join plan. In addition, the collocated join plan has a maximum of 8 threads processing single partitions at any one time. The 41 partitions will all be processed eventually, but a new partition is not started until a thread asks for it. Threads can reuse hash table memory for the new partition. The parallel hash join plan also had 8 hash tables, but with all 5,000,000 build rows loaded at the same time. The collocated plan needs memory for only 8 * 125,000 = 1,000,000 rows at any one time. Collocated Hash Join Performance The collated join plan has disappointing performance in this case. The query runs for around 25,300ms despite the same IO statistics as usual. This is much the worst result so far, so what went wrong? It turns out that cardinality estimation for the single partition scans of table T1 is slightly low. The properties of the Clustered Index Scan of T1 (graphic immediately above) show the estimation was for 121,951 rows. This is a small shortfall compared with the 125,000 rows actually encountered, but it was enough to cause the hash join to spill to physical tempdb: A level 1 spill doesn’t sound too bad, until you realize that the spill to tempdb probably occurs for each of the 41 partitions. As a side note, the cardinality estimation error is a little surprising because the system tables accurately show there are 125,000 rows in every partition of T1. Unfortunately, the optimizer uses regular column and index statistics to derive cardinality estimates here rather than system table information (e.g. sys.partitions). Collocated Merge Join We will never know how well the collocated parallel hash join plan might have worked without the cardinality estimation error (and the resulting 41 spills to tempdb) but we do know: Merge join does not require a memory grant; and Merge join was the optimizer’s preferred join option for a single partition join Putting this all together, what we would really like to see is the same collocated join strategy, but using merge join instead of hash join. Unfortunately, the current query optimizer cannot produce a collocated merge join; it only knows how to do collocated hash join. So where does this leave us? CROSS APPLY sys.partitions We can try to write our own collocated join query. We can use sys.partitions to find the partition numbers, and CROSS APPLY to get a count per partition, with a final step to sum the partial counts. The following query implements this idea: SELECT row_count = SUM(Subtotals.cnt) FROM ( -- Partition numbers SELECT p.partition_number FROM sys.partitions AS p WHERE p.[object_id] = OBJECT_ID(N'T1', N'U') AND p.index_id = 1 ) AS P CROSS APPLY ( -- Count per collocated join SELECT cnt = COUNT_BIG(*) FROM dbo.T1 AS T1 JOIN dbo.T2 AS T2 ON T2.TID = T1.TID WHERE $PARTITION.PFT(T1.TID) = p.partition_number AND $PARTITION.PFT(T2.TID) = p.partition_number ) AS SubTotals; The estimated plan is: The cardinality estimates aren’t all that good here, especially the estimate for the scan of the system table underlying the sys.partitions view. Nevertheless, the plan shape is heading toward where we would like to be. Each partition number from the system table results in a per-partition scan of T1 and T2, a one-to-many Merge Join, and a Stream Aggregate to compute the partial counts. The final Stream Aggregate just sums the partial counts. Execution time for this query is around 3,500ms, with the same IO statistics as always. This compares favourably with 5,000ms for the serial plan produced by the optimizer with the OPTION (MERGE JOIN) hint. This is another case of the sum of the parts being less than the whole – summing 41 partial counts from 41 single-partition merge joins is faster than a single merge join and count over all partitions. Even so, this single-threaded collocated merge join is not as quick as the original parallel hash join plan, which executed in 2,600ms. On the positive side, our collocated merge join uses only one logical processor and requires no memory grant. The parallel hash join plan used 16 threads and reserved 569 MB of memory:   Using a Temporary Table Our collocated merge join plan should benefit from parallelism. The reason parallelism is not being used is that the query references a system table. We can work around that by writing the partition numbers to a temporary table (or table variable): SET STATISTICS IO ON; DECLARE @s datetime2 = SYSUTCDATETIME();   CREATE TABLE #P ( partition_number integer PRIMARY KEY);   INSERT #P (partition_number) SELECT p.partition_number FROM sys.partitions AS p WHERE p.[object_id] = OBJECT_ID(N'T1', N'U') AND p.index_id = 1;   SELECT row_count = SUM(Subtotals.cnt) FROM #P AS p CROSS APPLY ( SELECT cnt = COUNT_BIG(*) FROM dbo.T1 AS T1 JOIN dbo.T2 AS T2 ON T2.TID = T1.TID WHERE $PARTITION.PFT(T1.TID) = p.partition_number AND $PARTITION.PFT(T2.TID) = p.partition_number ) AS SubTotals;   DROP TABLE #P;   SELECT DATEDIFF(Millisecond, @s, SYSUTCDATETIME()); SET STATISTICS IO OFF; Using the temporary table adds a few logical reads, but the overall execution time is still around 3500ms, indistinguishable from the same query without the temporary table. The problem is that the query optimizer still doesn’t choose a parallel plan for this query, though the removal of the system table reference means that it could if it chose to: In fact the optimizer did enter the parallel plan phase of query optimization (running search 1 for a second time): Unfortunately, the parallel plan found seemed to be more expensive than the serial plan. This is a crazy result, caused by the optimizer’s cost model not reducing operator CPU costs on the inner side of a nested loops join. Don’t get me started on that, we’ll be here all night. In this plan, everything expensive happens on the inner side of a nested loops join. Without a CPU cost reduction to compensate for the added cost of exchange operators, candidate parallel plans always look more expensive to the optimizer than the equivalent serial plan. Parallel Collocated Merge Join We can produce the desired parallel plan using trace flag 8649 again: SELECT row_count = SUM(Subtotals.cnt) FROM #P AS p CROSS APPLY ( SELECT cnt = COUNT_BIG(*) FROM dbo.T1 AS T1 JOIN dbo.T2 AS T2 ON T2.TID = T1.TID WHERE $PARTITION.PFT(T1.TID) = p.partition_number AND $PARTITION.PFT(T2.TID) = p.partition_number ) AS SubTotals OPTION (QUERYTRACEON 8649); The actual execution plan is: One difference between this plan and the collocated hash join plan is that a Repartition Streams exchange operator is used instead of Distribute Streams. The effect is similar, though not quite identical. The Repartition uses round-robin partitioning, meaning the next partition id is pushed to the next thread in sequence. The Distribute Streams exchange seen earlier used Demand partitioning, meaning the next partition id is pulled across the exchange by the next thread that is ready for more work. There are subtle performance implications for each partitioning option, but going into that would again take us too far off the main point of this post. Performance The important thing is the performance of this parallel collocated merge join – just 1350ms on a typical run. The list below shows all the alternatives from this post (all timings include creation, population, and deletion of the temporary table where appropriate) from quickest to slowest: Collocated parallel merge join: 1350ms Parallel hash join: 2600ms Collocated serial merge join: 3500ms Serial merge join: 5000ms Parallel merge join: 8400ms Collated parallel hash join: 25,300ms (hash spill per partition) The parallel collocated merge join requires no memory grant (aside from a paltry 1.2MB used for exchange buffers). This plan uses 16 threads at DOP 8; but 8 of those are (rather pointlessly) allocated to the parallel scan of the temporary table. These are minor concerns, but it turns out there is a way to address them if it bothers you. Parallel Collocated Merge Join with Demand Partitioning This final tweak replaces the temporary table with a hard-coded list of partition ids (dynamic SQL could be used to generate this query from sys.partitions): SELECT row_count = SUM(Subtotals.cnt) FROM ( VALUES (1),(2),(3),(4),(5),(6),(7),(8),(9),(10), (11),(12),(13),(14),(15),(16),(17),(18),(19),(20), (21),(22),(23),(24),(25),(26),(27),(28),(29),(30), (31),(32),(33),(34),(35),(36),(37),(38),(39),(40),(41) ) AS P (partition_number) CROSS APPLY ( SELECT cnt = COUNT_BIG(*) FROM dbo.T1 AS T1 JOIN dbo.T2 AS T2 ON T2.TID = T1.TID WHERE $PARTITION.PFT(T1.TID) = p.partition_number AND $PARTITION.PFT(T2.TID) = p.partition_number ) AS SubTotals OPTION (QUERYTRACEON 8649); The actual execution plan is: The parallel collocated hash join plan is reproduced below for comparison: The manual rewrite has another advantage that has not been mentioned so far: the partial counts (per partition) can be computed earlier than the partial counts (per thread) in the optimizer’s collocated join plan. The earlier aggregation is performed by the extra Stream Aggregate under the nested loops join. The performance of the parallel collocated merge join is unchanged at around 1350ms. Final Words It is a shame that the current query optimizer does not consider a collocated merge join (Connect item closed as Won’t Fix). The example used in this post showed an improvement in execution time from 2600ms to 1350ms using a modestly-sized data set and limited parallelism. In addition, the memory requirement for the query was almost completely eliminated  – down from 569MB to 1.2MB. The problem with the parallel hash join selected by the optimizer is that it attempts to process the full data set all at once (albeit using eight threads). It requires a large memory grant to hold all 5 million rows from table T1 across the eight hash tables, and does not take advantage of the divide-and-conquer opportunity offered by the common partitioning. The great thing about the collocated join strategies is that each parallel thread works on a single partition from both tables, reading rows, performing the join, and computing a per-partition subtotal, before moving on to a new partition. From a thread’s point of view… If you have trouble visualizing what is happening from just looking at the parallel collocated merge join execution plan, let’s look at it again, but from the point of view of just one thread operating between the two Parallelism (exchange) operators. Our thread picks up a single partition id from the Distribute Streams exchange, and starts a merge join using ordered rows from partition 1 of table T1 and partition 1 of table T2. By definition, this is all happening on a single thread. As rows join, they are added to a (per-partition) count in the Stream Aggregate immediately above the Merge Join. Eventually, either T1 (partition 1) or T2 (partition 1) runs out of rows and the merge join stops. The per-partition count from the aggregate passes on through the Nested Loops join to another Stream Aggregate, which is maintaining a per-thread subtotal. Our same thread now picks up a new partition id from the exchange (say it gets id 9 this time). The count in the per-partition aggregate is reset to zero, and the processing of partition 9 of both tables proceeds just as it did for partition 1, and on the same thread. Each thread picks up a single partition id and processes all the data for that partition, completely independently from other threads working on other partitions. One thread might eventually process partitions (1, 9, 17, 25, 33, 41) while another is concurrently processing partitions (2, 10, 18, 26, 34) and so on for the other six threads at DOP 8. The point is that all 8 threads can execute independently and concurrently, continuing to process new partitions until the wider job (of which the thread has no knowledge!) is done. This divide-and-conquer technique can be much more efficient than simply splitting the entire workload across eight threads all at once. Related Reading Understanding and Using Parallelism in SQL Server Parallel Execution Plans Suck © 2013 Paul White – All Rights Reserved Twitter: @SQL_Kiwi

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• Toorcon 15 (2013)

  - by danx

  The Toorcon gang (senior staff): h1kari (founder), nfiltr8, and Geo Introduction to Toorcon 15 (2013) A Tale of One Software Bypass of MS Windows 8 Secure Boot Breaching SSL, One Byte at a Time Running at 99%: Surviving an Application DoS Security Response in the Age of Mass Customized Attacks x86 Rewriting: Defeating RoP and other Shinanighans Clowntown Express: interesting bugs and running a bug bounty program Active Fingerprinting of Encrypted VPNs Making Attacks Go Backwards Mask Your Checksums—The Gorry Details Adventures with weird machines thirty years after "Reflections on Trusting Trust" Introduction to Toorcon 15 (2013) Toorcon 15 is the 15th annual security conference held in San Diego. I've attended about a third of them and blogged about previous conferences I attended here starting in 2003. As always, I've only summarized the talks I attended and interested me enough to write about them. Be aware that I may have misrepresented the speaker's remarks and that they are not my remarks or opinion, or those of my employer, so don't quote me or them. Those seeking further details may contact the speakers directly or use The Google. For some talks, I have a URL for further information. A Tale of One Software Bypass of MS Windows 8 Secure Boot Andrew Furtak and Oleksandr Bazhaniuk Yuri Bulygin, Oleksandr ("Alex") Bazhaniuk, and (not present) Andrew Furtak Yuri and Alex talked about UEFI and Bootkits and bypassing MS Windows 8 Secure Boot, with vendor recommendations. They previously gave this talk at the BlackHat 2013 conference. MS Windows 8 Secure Boot Overview UEFI (Unified Extensible Firmware Interface) is interface between hardware and OS. UEFI is processor and architecture independent. Malware can replace bootloader (bootx64.efi, bootmgfw.efi). Once replaced can modify kernel. Trivial to replace bootloader. Today many legacy bootkits—UEFI replaces them most of them. MS Windows 8 Secure Boot verifies everything you load, either through signatures or hashes. UEFI firmware relies on secure update (with signed update). You would think Secure Boot would rely on ROM (such as used for phones0, but you can't do that for PCs—PCs use writable memory with signatures DXE core verifies the UEFI boat loader(s) OS Loader (winload.efi, winresume.efi) verifies the OS kernel A chain of trust is established with a root key (Platform Key, PK), which is a cert belonging to the platform vendor. Key Exchange Keys (KEKs) verify an "authorized" database (db), and "forbidden" database (dbx). X.509 certs with SHA-1/SHA-256 hashes. Keys are stored in non-volatile (NV) flash-based NVRAM. Boot Services (BS) allow adding/deleting keys (can't be accessed once OS starts—which uses Run-Time (RT)). Root cert uses RSA-2048 public keys and PKCS#7 format signatures. SecureBoot — enable disable image signature checks SetupMode — update keys, self-signed keys, and secure boot variables CustomMode — allows updating keys Secure Boot policy settings are: always execute, never execute, allow execute on security violation, defer execute on security violation, deny execute on security violation, query user on security violation Attacking MS Windows 8 Secure Boot Secure Boot does NOT protect from physical access. Can disable from console. Each BIOS vendor implements Secure Boot differently. There are several platform and BIOS vendors. It becomes a "zoo" of implementations—which can be taken advantage of. Secure Boot is secure only when all vendors implement it correctly. Allow only UEFI firmware signed updates protect UEFI firmware from direct modification in flash memory protect FW update components program SPI controller securely protect secure boot policy settings in nvram protect runtime api disable compatibility support module which allows unsigned legacy Can corrupt the Platform Key (PK) EFI root certificate variable in SPI flash. If PK is not found, FW enters setup mode wich secure boot turned off. Can also exploit TPM in a similar manner. One is not supposed to be able to directly modify the PK in SPI flash from the OS though. But they found a bug that they can exploit from User Mode (undisclosed) and demoed the exploit. It loaded and ran their own bootkit. The exploit requires a reboot. Multiple vendors are vulnerable. They will disclose this exploit to vendors in the future. Recommendations: allow only signed updates protect UEFI fw in ROM protect EFI variable store in ROM Breaching SSL, One Byte at a Time Yoel Gluck and Angelo Prado Angelo Prado and Yoel Gluck, Salesforce.com CRIME is software that performs a "compression oracle attack." This is possible because the SSL protocol doesn't hide length, and because SSL compresses the header. CRIME requests with every possible character and measures the ciphertext length. Look for the plaintext which compresses the most and looks for the cookie one byte-at-a-time. SSL Compression uses LZ77 to reduce redundancy. Huffman coding replaces common byte sequences with shorter codes. US CERT thinks the SSL compression problem is fixed, but it isn't. They convinced CERT that it wasn't fixed and they issued a CVE. BREACH, breachattrack.com BREACH exploits the SSL response body (Accept-Encoding response, Content-Encoding). It takes advantage of the fact that the response is not compressed. BREACH uses gzip and needs fairly "stable" pages that are static for ~30 seconds. It needs attacker-supplied content (say from a web form or added to a URL parameter). BREACH listens to a session's requests and responses, then inserts extra requests and responses. Eventually, BREACH guesses a session's secret key. Can use compression to guess contents one byte at-a-time. For example, "Supersecret SupersecreX" (a wrong guess) compresses 10 bytes, and "Supersecret Supersecret" (a correct guess) compresses 11 bytes, so it can find each character by guessing every character. To start the guess, BREACH needs at least three known initial characters in the response sequence. Compression length then "leaks" information. Some roadblocks include no winners (all guesses wrong) or too many winners (multiple possibilities that compress the same). The solutions include: lookahead (guess 2 or 3 characters at-a-time instead of 1 character). Expensive rollback to last known conflict check compression ratio can brute-force first 3 "bootstrap" characters, if needed (expensive) block ciphers hide exact plain text length. Solution is to align response in advance to block size Mitigations length: use variable padding secrets: dynamic CSRF tokens per request secret: change over time separate secret to input-less servlets Future work eiter understand DEFLATE/GZIP HTTPS extensions Running at 99%: Surviving an Application DoS Ryan Huber Ryan Huber, Risk I/O Ryan first discussed various ways to do a denial of service (DoS) attack against web services. One usual method is to find a slow web page and do several wgets. Or download large files. Apache is not well suited at handling a large number of connections, but one can put something in front of it Can use Apache alternatives, such as nginx How to identify malicious hosts short, sudden web requests user-agent is obvious (curl, python) same url requested repeatedly no web page referer (not normal) hidden links. hide a link and see if a bot gets it restricted access if not your geo IP (unless the website is global) missing common headers in request regular timing first seen IP at beginning of attack count requests per hosts (usually a very large number) Use of captcha can mitigate attacks, but you'll lose a lot of genuine users. Bouncer, goo.gl/c2vyEc and www.github.com/rawdigits/Bouncer Bouncer is software written by Ryan in netflow. Bouncer has a small, unobtrusive footprint and detects DoS attempts. It closes blacklisted sockets immediately (not nice about it, no proper close connection). Aggregator collects requests and controls your web proxies. Need NTP on the front end web servers for clean data for use by bouncer. Bouncer is also useful for a popularity storm ("Slashdotting") and scraper storms. Future features: gzip collection data, documentation, consumer library, multitask, logging destroyed connections. Takeaways: DoS mitigation is easier with a complete picture Bouncer designed to make it easier to detect and defend DoS—not a complete cure Security Response in the Age of Mass Customized Attacks Peleus Uhley and Karthik Raman Peleus Uhley and Karthik Raman, Adobe ASSET, blogs.adobe.com/asset/ Peleus and Karthik talked about response to mass-customized exploits. Attackers behave much like a business. "Mass customization" refers to concept discussed in the book Future Perfect by Stan Davis of Harvard Business School. Mass customization is differentiating a product for an individual customer, but at a mass production price. For example, the same individual with a debit card receives basically the same customized ATM experience around the world. Or designing your own PC from commodity parts. Exploit kits are another example of mass customization. The kits support multiple browsers and plugins, allows new modules. Exploit kits are cheap and customizable. Organized gangs use exploit kits. A group at Berkeley looked at 77,000 malicious websites (Grier et al., "Manufacturing Compromise: The Emergence of Exploit-as-a-Service", 2012). They found 10,000 distinct binaries among them, but derived from only a dozen or so exploit kits. Characteristics of Mass Malware: potent, resilient, relatively low cost Technical characteristics: multiple OS, multipe payloads, multiple scenarios, multiple languages, obfuscation Response time for 0-day exploits has gone down from ~40 days 5 years ago to about ~10 days now. So the drive with malware is towards mass customized exploits, to avoid detection There's plenty of evicence that exploit development has Project Manager bureaucracy. They infer from the malware edicts to: support all versions of reader support all versions of windows support all versions of flash support all browsers write large complex, difficult to main code (8750 lines of JavaScript for example Exploits have "loose coupling" of multipe versions of software (adobe), OS, and browser. This allows specific attacks against specific versions of multiple pieces of software. Also allows exploits of more obscure software/OS/browsers and obscure versions. Gave examples of exploits that exploited 2, 3, 6, or 14 separate bugs. However, these complete exploits are more likely to be buggy or fragile in themselves and easier to defeat. Future research includes normalizing malware and Javascript. Conclusion: The coming trend is that mass-malware with mass zero-day attacks will result in mass customization of attacks. x86 Rewriting: Defeating RoP and other Shinanighans Richard Wartell Richard Wartell The attack vector we are addressing here is: First some malware causes a buffer overflow. The malware has no program access, but input access and buffer overflow code onto stack Later the stack became non-executable. The workaround malware used was to write a bogus return address to the stack jumping to malware Later came ASLR (Address Space Layout Randomization) to randomize memory layout and make addresses non-deterministic. The workaround malware used was to jump t existing code segments in the program that can be used in bad ways "RoP" is Return-oriented Programming attacks. RoP attacks use your own code and write return address on stack to (existing) expoitable code found in program ("gadgets"). Pinkie Pie was paid $60K last year for a RoP attack. One solution is using anti-RoP compilers that compile source code with NO return instructions. ASLR does not randomize address space, just "gadgets". IPR/ILR ("Instruction Location Randomization") randomizes each instruction with a virtual machine. Richard's goal was to randomize a binary with no source code access. He created "STIR" (Self-Transofrming Instruction Relocation). STIR disassembles binary and operates on "basic blocks" of code. The STIR disassembler is conservative in what to disassemble. Each basic block is moved to a random location in memory. Next, STIR writes new code sections with copies of "basic blocks" of code in randomized locations. The old code is copied and rewritten with jumps to new code. the original code sections in the file is marked non-executible. STIR has better entropy than ASLR in location of code. Makes brute force attacks much harder. STIR runs on MS Windows (PEM) and Linux (ELF). It eliminated 99.96% or more "gadgets" (i.e., moved the address). Overhead usually 5-10% on MS Windows, about 1.5-4% on Linux (but some code actually runs faster!). The unique thing about STIR is it requires no source access and the modified binary fully works! Current work is to rewrite code to enforce security policies. For example, don't create a *.{exe,msi,bat} file. Or don't connect to the network after reading from the disk. Clowntown Express: interesting bugs and running a bug bounty program Collin Greene Collin Greene, Facebook Collin talked about Facebook's bug bounty program. Background at FB: FB has good security frameworks, such as security teams, external audits, and cc'ing on diffs. But there's lots of "deep, dark, forgotten" parts of legacy FB code. Collin gave several examples of bountied bugs. Some bounty submissions were on software purchased from a third-party (but bounty claimers don't know and don't care). We use security questions, as does everyone else, but they are basically insecure (often easily discoverable). Collin didn't expect many bugs from the bounty program, but they ended getting 20+ good bugs in first 24 hours and good submissions continue to come in. Bug bounties bring people in with different perspectives, and are paid only for success. Bug bounty is a better use of a fixed amount of time and money versus just code review or static code analysis. The Bounty program started July 2011 and paid out $1.5 million to date. 14% of the submissions have been high priority problems that needed to be fixed immediately. The best bugs come from a small % of submitters (as with everything else)—the top paid submitters are paid 6 figures a year. Spammers like to backstab competitors. The youngest sumitter was 13. Some submitters have been hired. Bug bounties also allows to see bugs that were missed by tools or reviews, allowing improvement in the process. Bug bounties might not work for traditional software companies where the product has release cycle or is not on Internet. Active Fingerprinting of Encrypted VPNs Anna Shubina Anna Shubina, Dartmouth Institute for Security, Technology, and Society (I missed the start of her talk because another track went overtime. But I have the DVD of the talk, so I'll expand later) IPsec leaves fingerprints. Using netcat, one can easily visually distinguish various crypto chaining modes just from packet timing on a chart (example, DES-CBC versus AES-CBC) One can tell a lot about VPNs just from ping roundtrips (such as what router is used) Delayed packets are not informative about a network, especially if far away from the network More needed to explore about how TCP works in real life with respect to timing Making Attacks Go Backwards Fuzzynop FuzzyNop, Mandiant This talk is not about threat attribution (finding who), product solutions, politics, or sales pitches. But who are making these malware threats? It's not a single person or group—they have diverse skill levels. There's a lot of fat-fingered fumblers out there. Always look for low-hanging fruit first: "hiding" malware in the temp, recycle, or root directories creation of unnamed scheduled tasks obvious names of files and syscalls ("ClearEventLog") uncleared event logs. Clearing event log in itself, and time of clearing, is a red flag and good first clue to look for on a suspect system Reverse engineering is hard. Disassembler use takes practice and skill. A popular tool is IDA Pro, but it takes multiple interactive iterations to get a clean disassembly. Key loggers are used a lot in targeted attacks. They are typically custom code or built in a backdoor. A big tip-off is that non-printable characters need to be printed out (such as "[Ctrl]" "[RightShift]") or time stamp printf strings. Look for these in files. Presence is not proof they are used. Absence is not proof they are not used. Java exploits. Can parse jar file with idxparser.py and decomile Java file. Java typially used to target tech companies. Backdoors are the main persistence mechanism (provided externally) for malware. Also malware typically needs command and control. Application of Artificial Intelligence in Ad-Hoc Static Code Analysis John Ashaman John Ashaman, Security Innovation Initially John tried to analyze open source files with open source static analysis tools, but these showed thousands of false positives. Also tried using grep, but tis fails to find anything even mildly complex. So next John decided to write his own tool. His approach was to first generate a call graph then analyze the graph. However, the problem is that making a call graph is really hard. For example, one problem is "evil" coding techniques, such as passing function pointer. First the tool generated an Abstract Syntax Tree (AST) with the nodes created from method declarations and edges created from method use. Then the tool generated a control flow graph with the goal to find a path through the AST (a maze) from source to sink. The algorithm is to look at adjacent nodes to see if any are "scary" (a vulnerability), using heuristics for search order. The tool, called "Scat" (Static Code Analysis Tool), currently looks for C# vulnerabilities and some simple PHP. Later, he plans to add more PHP, then JSP and Java. For more information see his posts in Security Innovation blog and NRefactory on GitHub. Mask Your Checksums—The Gorry Details Eric (XlogicX) Davisson Eric (XlogicX) Davisson Sometimes in emailing or posting TCP/IP packets to analyze problems, you may want to mask the IP address. But to do this correctly, you need to mask the checksum too, or you'll leak information about the IP. Problem reports found in stackoverflow.com, sans.org, and pastebin.org are usually not masked, but a few companies do care. If only the IP is masked, the IP may be guessed from checksum (that is, it leaks data). Other parts of packet may leak more data about the IP. TCP and IP checksums both refer to the same data, so can get more bits of information out of using both checksums than just using one checksum. Also, one can usually determine the OS from the TTL field and ports in a packet header. If we get hundreds of possible results (16x each masked nibble that is unknown), one can do other things to narrow the results, such as look at packet contents for domain or geo information. With hundreds of results, can import as CSV format into a spreadsheet. Can corelate with geo data and see where each possibility is located. Eric then demoed a real email report with a masked IP packet attached. Was able to find the exact IP address, given the geo and university of the sender. Point is if you're going to mask a packet, do it right. Eric wouldn't usually bother, but do it correctly if at all, to not create a false impression of security. Adventures with weird machines thirty years after "Reflections on Trusting Trust" Sergey Bratus Sergey Bratus, Dartmouth College (and Julian Bangert and Rebecca Shapiro, not present) "Reflections on Trusting Trust" refers to Ken Thompson's classic 1984 paper. "You can't trust code that you did not totally create yourself." There's invisible links in the chain-of-trust, such as "well-installed microcode bugs" or in the compiler, and other planted bugs. Thompson showed how a compiler can introduce and propagate bugs in unmodified source. But suppose if there's no bugs and you trust the author, can you trust the code? Hell No! There's too many factors—it's Babylonian in nature. Why not? Well, Input is not well-defined/recognized (code's assumptions about "checked" input will be violated (bug/vunerabiliy). For example, HTML is recursive, but Regex checking is not recursive. Input well-formed but so complex there's no telling what it does For example, ELF file parsing is complex and has multiple ways of parsing. Input is seen differently by different pieces of program or toolchain Any Input is a program input executes on input handlers (drives state changes & transitions) only a well-defined execution model can be trusted (regex/DFA, PDA, CFG) Input handler either is a "recognizer" for the inputs as a well-defined language (see langsec.org) or it's a "virtual machine" for inputs to drive into pwn-age ELF ABI (UNIX/Linux executible file format) case study. Problems can arise from these steps (without planting bugs): compiler linker loader ld.so/rtld relocator DWARF (debugger info) exceptions The problem is you can't really automatically analyze code (it's the "halting problem" and undecidable). Only solution is to freeze code and sign it. But you can't freeze everything! Can't freeze ASLR or loading—must have tables and metadata. Any sufficiently complex input data is the same as VM byte code Example, ELF relocation entries + dynamic symbols == a Turing Complete Machine (TM). @bxsays created a Turing machine in Linux from relocation data (not code) in an ELF file. For more information, see Rebecca "bx" Shapiro's presentation from last year's Toorcon, "Programming Weird Machines with ELF Metadata" @bxsays did same thing with Mach-O bytecode Or a DWARF exception handling data .eh_frame + glibc == Turning Machine X86 MMU (IDT, GDT, TSS): used address translation to create a Turning Machine. Page handler reads and writes (on page fault) memory. Uses a page table, which can be used as Turning Machine byte code. Example on Github using this TM that will fly a glider across the screen Next Sergey talked about "Parser Differentials". That having one input format, but two parsers, will create confusion and opportunity for exploitation. For example, CSRs are parsed during creation by cert requestor and again by another parser at the CA. Another example is ELF—several parsers in OS tool chain, which are all different. Can have two different Program Headers (PHDRs) because ld.so parses multiple PHDRs. The second PHDR can completely transform the executable. This is described in paper in the first issue of International Journal of PoC. Conclusions trusting computers not only about bugs! Bugs are part of a problem, but no by far all of it complex data formats means bugs no "chain of trust" in Babylon! (that is, with parser differentials) we need to squeeze complexity out of data until data stops being "code equivalent" Further information See and langsec.org. USENIX WOOT 2013 (Workshop on Offensive Technologies) for "weird machines" papers and videos.

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• Developing Spring Portlet for use inside Weblogic Portal / Webcenter Portal

  - by Murali Veligeti

  We need to understand the main difference between portlet workflow and servlet workflow.The main difference between portlet workflow and servlet workflow is that, the request to the portlet can have two distinct phases: 1) Action phase 2) Render phase. The Action phase is executed only once and is where any 'backend' changes or actions occur, such as making changes in a database. The Render phase then produces what is displayed to the user each time the display is refreshed. The critical point here is that for a single overall request, the action phase is executed only once, but the render phase may be executed multiple times. This provides a clean separation between the activities that modify the persistent state of your system and the activities that generate what is displayed to the user.The dual phases of portlet requests are one of the real strengths of the JSR-168 specification. For example, dynamic search results can be updated routinely on the display without the user explicitly re-running the search. Most other portlet MVC frameworks attempt to completely hide the two phases from the developer and make it look as much like traditional servlet development as possible - we think this approach removes one of the main benefits of using portlets. So, the separation of the two phases is preserved throughout the Spring Portlet MVC framework. The primary manifestation of this approach is that where the servlet version of the MVC classes will have one method that deals with the request, the portlet version of the MVC classes will have two methods that deal with the request: one for the action phase and one for the render phase. For example, where the servlet version of AbstractController has the handleRequestInternal(..) method, the portlet version of AbstractController has handleActionRequestInternal(..) and handleRenderRequestInternal(..) methods.The Spring Portlet Framework is designed around a DispatcherPortlet that dispatches requests to handlers, with configurable handler mappings and view resolution, just as the DispatcherServlet in the Spring Web Framework does.  Developing portlet.xml Let's start the sample development by creating the portlet.xml file in the /WebContent/WEB-INF/ folder as shown below: <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <portlet-app version="2.0" xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/portlet/portlet-app_2_0.xsd" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"> <portlet> <portlet-name>SpringPortletName</portlet-name> <portlet-class>org.springframework.web.portlet.DispatcherPortlet</portlet-class> <supports> <mime-type>text/html</mime-type> <portlet-mode>view</portlet-mode> </supports> <portlet-info> <title>SpringPortlet</title> </portlet-info> </portlet> </portlet-app> DispatcherPortlet is responsible for handling every client request. When it receives a request, it finds out which Controller class should be used for handling this request, and then it calls its handleActionRequest() or handleRenderRequest() method based on the request processing phase. The Controller class executes business logic and returns a View name that should be used for rendering markup to the user. The DispatcherPortlet then forwards control to that View for actual markup generation. As you can see, DispatcherPortlet is the central dispatcher for use within Spring Portlet MVC Framework. Note that your portlet application can define more than one DispatcherPortlet. If it does so, then each of these portlets operates its own namespace, loading its application context and handler mapping. The DispatcherPortlet is also responsible for loading application context (Spring configuration file) for this portlet. First, it tries to check the value of the configLocation portlet initialization parameter. If that parameter is not specified, it takes the portlet name (that is, the value of the <portlet-name> element), appends "-portlet.xml" to it, and tries to load that file from the /WEB-INF folder. In the portlet.xml file, we did not specify the configLocation initialization parameter, so let's create SpringPortletName-portlet.xml file in the next section. Developing SpringPortletName-portlet.xml Create the SpringPortletName-portlet.xml file in the /WebContent/WEB-INF folder of your application as shown below: <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-2.0.xsd"> <bean id="viewResolver" class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver"> <property name="viewClass" value="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.JstlView"/> <property name="prefix" value="/jsp/"/> <property name="suffix" value=".jsp"/> </bean> <bean id="pointManager" class="com.wlp.spring.bo.internal.PointManagerImpl"> <property name="users"> <list> <ref bean="point1"/> <ref bean="point2"/> <ref bean="point3"/> <ref bean="point4"/> </list> </property> </bean> <bean id="point1" class="com.wlp.spring.bean.User"> <property name="name" value="Murali"/> <property name="points" value="6"/> </bean> <bean id="point2" class="com.wlp.spring.bean.User"> <property name="name" value="Sai"/> <property name="points" value="13"/> </bean> <bean id="point3" class="com.wlp.spring.bean.User"> <property name="name" value="Rama"/> <property name="points" value="43"/> </bean> <bean id="point4" class="com.wlp.spring.bean.User"> <property name="name" value="Krishna"/> <property name="points" value="23"/> </bean> <bean id="messageSource" class="org.springframework.context.support.ResourceBundleMessageSource"> <property name="basename" value="messages"/> </bean> <bean name="/users.htm" id="userController" class="com.wlp.spring.controller.UserController"> <property name="pointManager" ref="pointManager"/> </bean> <bean name="/pointincrease.htm" id="pointIncreaseController" class="com.wlp.spring.controller.IncreasePointsFormController"> <property name="sessionForm" value="true"/> <property name="pointManager" ref="pointManager"/> <property name="commandName" value="pointIncrease"/> <property name="commandClass" value="com.wlp.spring.bean.PointIncrease"/> <property name="formView" value="pointincrease"/> <property name="successView" value="users"/> </bean> <bean id="parameterMappingInterceptor" class="org.springframework.web.portlet.handler.ParameterMappingInterceptor" /> <bean id="portletModeParameterHandlerMapping" class="org.springframework.web.portlet.handler.PortletModeParameterHandlerMapping"> <property name="order" value="1" /> <property name="interceptors"> <list> <ref bean="parameterMappingInterceptor" /> </list> </property> <property name="portletModeParameterMap"> <map> <entry key="view"> <map> <entry key="pointincrease"> <ref bean="pointIncreaseController" /> </entry> <entry key="users"> <ref bean="userController" /> </entry> </map> </entry> </map> </property> </bean> <bean id="portletModeHandlerMapping" class="org.springframework.web.portlet.handler.PortletModeHandlerMapping"> <property name="order" value="2" /> <property name="portletModeMap"> <map> <entry key="view"> <ref bean="userController" /> </entry> </map> </property> </bean> </beans> The SpringPortletName-portlet.xml file is an application context file for your MVC portlet. It has a couple of bean definitions: viewController. At this point, remember that the viewController bean definition points to the com.ibm.developerworks.springmvc.ViewController.java class. portletModeHandlerMapping. As we discussed in the last section, whenever DispatcherPortlet gets a client request, it tries to find a suitable Controller class for handling that request. That is where PortletModeHandlerMapping comes into the picture. The PortletModeHandlerMapping class is a simple implementation of the HandlerMapping interface and is used by DispatcherPortlet to find a suitable Controller for every request. The PortletModeHandlerMapping class uses Portlet mode for the current request to find a suitable Controller class to use for handling the request. The portletModeMap property of portletModeHandlerMapping bean is the place where we map the Portlet mode name against the Controller class. In the sample code, we show that viewController is responsible for handling View mode requests. Developing UserController.java In the preceding section, you learned that the viewController bean is responsible for handling all the View mode requests. Your next step is to create the UserController.java class as shown below: public class UserController extends AbstractController { private PointManager pointManager; public void handleActionRequest(ActionRequest request, ActionResponse response) throws Exception { } public ModelAndView handleRenderRequest(RenderRequest request, RenderResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException { String now = (new java.util.Date()).toString(); Map<String, Object> myModel = new HashMap<String, Object>(); myModel.put("now", now); myModel.put("users", this.pointManager.getUsers()); return new ModelAndView("users", "model", myModel); } public void setPointManager(PointManager pointManager) { this.pointManager = pointManager; } } Every controller class in Spring Portlet MVC Framework must implement the org.springframework.web. portlet.mvc.Controller interface directly or indirectly. To make things easier, Spring Framework provides AbstractController class, which is the default implementation of the Controller interface. As a developer, you should always extend your controller from either AbstractController or one of its more specific subclasses. Any implementation of the Controller class should be reusable, thread-safe, and capable of handling multiple requests throughout the lifecycle of the portlet. In the sample code, we create the ViewController class by extending it from AbstractController. Because we don't want to do any action processing in the HelloSpringPortletMVC portlet, we override only the handleRenderRequest() method of AbstractController. Now, the only thing that HelloWorldPortletMVC should do is render the markup of View.jsp to the user when it receives a user request to do so. To do that, return the object of ModelAndView with a value of view equal to View. Developing web.xml According to Portlet Specification 1.0, every portlet application is also a Servlet Specification 2.3-compliant Web application, and it needs a Web application deployment descriptor (that is, web.xml). Let’s create the web.xml file in the /WEB-INF/ folder as shown in listing 4. Follow these steps: Open the existing web.xml file located at /WebContent/WEB-INF/web.xml. Replace the contents of this file with the code as shown below: <servlet> <servlet-name>ViewRendererServlet</servlet-name> <servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.ViewRendererServlet</servlet-class> </servlet> <servlet-mapping> <servlet-name>ViewRendererServlet</servlet-name> <url-pattern>/WEB-INF/servlet/view</url-pattern> </servlet-mapping> <context-param> <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name> <param-value>/WEB-INF/applicationContext.xml</param-value> </context-param> <listener> <listener-class>org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener</listener-class> </listener> The web.xml file for the sample portlet declares two things: ViewRendererServlet. The ViewRendererServlet is the bridge servlet for portlet support. During the render phase, DispatcherPortlet wraps PortletRequest into ServletRequest and forwards control to ViewRendererServlet for actual rendering. This process allows Spring Portlet MVC Framework to use the same View infrastructure as that of its servlet version, that is, Spring Web MVC Framework. ContextLoaderListener. The ContextLoaderListener class takes care of loading Web application context at the time of the Web application startup. The Web application context is shared by all the portlets in the portlet application. In case of duplicate bean definition, the bean definition in the portlet application context takes precedence over the Web application context. The ContextLoader class tries to read the value of the contextConfigLocation Web context parameter to find out the location of the context file. If the contextConfigLocation parameter is not set, then it uses the default value, which is /WEB-INF/applicationContext.xml, to load the context file. The Portlet Controller interface requires two methods that handle the two phases of a portlet request: the action request and the render request. The action phase should be capable of handling an action request and the render phase should be capable of handling a render request and returning an appropriate model and view. While the Controller interface is quite abstract, Spring Portlet MVC offers a lot of controllers that already contain a lot of the functionality you might need – most of these are very similar to controllers from Spring Web MVC. The Controller interface just defines the most common functionality required of every controller - handling an action request, handling a render request, and returning a model and a view. How rendering works As you know, when the user tries to access a page with PointSystemPortletMVC portlet on it or when the user performs some action on any other portlet on that page or tries to refresh that page, a render request is sent to the PointSystemPortletMVC portlet. In the sample code, because DispatcherPortlet is the main portlet class, Weblogic Portal / Webcenter Portal calls its render() method and then the following sequence of events occurs: The render() method of DispatcherPortlet calls the doDispatch() method, which in turn calls the doRender() method. After the doRenderService() method gets control, first it tries to find out the locale of the request by calling the PortletRequest.getLocale() method. This locale is used while making all the locale-related decisions for choices such as which resource bundle should be loaded or which JSP should be displayed to the user based on the locale. After that, the doRenderService() method starts iterating through all the HandlerMapping classes configured for this portlet, calling their getHandler() method to identify the appropriate Controller for handling this request. In the sample code, we have configured only PortletModeHandlerMapping as a HandlerMapping class. The PortletModeHandlerMapping class reads the value of the current portlet mode, and based on that, it finds out, the Controller class that should be used to handle this request. In the sample code, ViewController is configured to handle the View mode request so that the PortletModeHandlerMapping class returns the object of ViewController. After the object of ViewController is returned, the doRenderService() method calls its handleRenderRequestInternal() method. Implementation of the handleRenderRequestInternal() method in ViewController.java is very simple. It logs a message saying that it got control, and then it creates an instance of ModelAndView with a value equal to View and returns it to DispatcherPortlet. After control returns to doRenderService(), the next task is to figure out how to render View. For that, DispatcherPortlet starts iterating through all the ViewResolvers configured in your portlet application, calling their resolveViewName() method. In the sample code we have configured only one ViewResolver, InternalResourceViewResolver. When its resolveViewName() method is called with viewName, it tries to add /WEB-INF/jsp as a prefix to the view name and to add JSP as a suffix. And it checks if /WEB-INF/jsp/View.jsp exists. If it does exist, it returns the object of JstlView wrapping View.jsp. After control is returned to the doRenderService() method, it creates the object PortletRequestDispatcher, which points to /WEB-INF/servlet/view – that is, ViewRendererServlet. Then it sets the object of JstlView in the request and dispatches the request to ViewRendererServlet. After ViewRendererServlet gets control, it reads the JstlView object from the request attribute and creates another RequestDispatcher pointing to the /WEB-INF/jsp/View.jsp URL and passes control to it for actual markup generation. The markup generated by View.jsp is returned to user. At this point, you may question the need for ViewRendererServlet. Why can't DispatcherPortlet directly forward control to View.jsp? Adding ViewRendererServlet in between allows Spring Portlet MVC Framework to reuse the existing View infrastructure. You may appreciate this more when we discuss how easy it is to integrate Apache Tiles Framework with your Spring Portlet MVC Framework. The attached project SpringPortlet.zip should be used to import the project in to your OEPE Workspace. SpringPortlet_Jars.zip contains jar files required for the application. Project is written on Spring 2.5.  The same JSR 168 portlet should work on Webcenter Portal as well.  Downloads: Download WeblogicPotal Project which consists of Spring Portlet. Download Spring Jars In-addition to above you need to download Spring.jar (Spring2.5)

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• Sorting and Filtering By Model-Based LOV Display Value

  - by Steven Davelaar

  If you use a model-based LOV and you use display type "choice", then ADF nicely displays the display value, even if the table is read-only. In the screen shot below, you see the RegionName attribute displayed instead of the RegionId. This is accomplished by the model-based LOV, I did not modify the Countries view object to include a join with Regions.  Also note the sort icon, the table is sorted by RegionId. This sorting typically results in a bug reported by your test team. Europe really shouldn't come before America when sorting ascending, right? To fix this, we could of course change the Countries view object query and add a join with the Regions table to include the RegionName attribute. If the table is updateable, we still need the choice list, so we need to move the model-based LOV from the RegionId attribute to the RegionName attribute and hide the RegionId attribute in the table. But that is a lot of work for such a simple requirement, in particular if we have lots of model-based choice lists in our view object. Fortunately, there is an easier way to do this, with some generic code in your view object base class that fixes this at once for all model-based choice lists that we have defined in our application. The trick is to override the method getSortCriteria() in the base view object class. By default, this method returns null because the sorting is done in the database through a SQL Order By clause. However, if the getSortCriteria method does return a sort criteria the framework will perform in memory sorting which is what we need to achieve sorting by region name. So, inside this method we need to evaluate the Order By clause, and if the order by column matches an attribute that has a model-based LOV choicelist defined with a display attribute that is different from the value attribute, we need to return a sort criterria. Here is the complete code of this method: public SortCriteria[] getSortCriteria() {   String orderBy = getOrderByClause();          if (orderBy!=null )   {     boolean descending = false;     if (orderBy.endsWith(" DESC"))      {       descending = true;       orderBy = orderBy.substring(0,orderBy.length()-5);     }     // extract column name, is part after the dot     int dotpos = orderBy.lastIndexOf(".");     String columnName = orderBy.substring(dotpos+1);     // loop over attributes and find matching attribute     AttributeDef orderByAttrDef = null;     for (AttributeDef attrDef : getAttributeDefs())     {       if (columnName.equals(attrDef.getColumnName()))       {         orderByAttrDef = attrDef;         break;       }     }     if (orderByAttrDef!=null && "choice".equals(orderByAttrDef.getProperty("CONTROLTYPE"))          && orderByAttrDef.getListBindingDef()!=null)     {       String orderbyAttr = orderByAttrDef.getName();       String[] displayAttrs = orderByAttrDef.getListBindingDef().getListDisplayAttrNames();       String[] listAttrs = orderByAttrDef.getListBindingDef().getListAttrNames();       // if first list display attributes is not the same as first list attribute, than the value       // displayed is different from the value copied back to the order by attribute, in which case we need to       // use our custom comparator       if (displayAttrs!=null && listAttrs!=null && displayAttrs.length>0 && !displayAttrs[0].equals(listAttrs[0]))       {                  SortCriteriaImpl sc1 = new SortCriteriaImpl(orderbyAttr, descending);         SortCriteria[] sc = new SortCriteriaImpl[]{sc1};         return sc;                           }     }     }   return super.getSortCriteria(); } If this method returns a sort criteria, then the framework will call the sort method on the view object. The sort method uses a Comparator object to determine the sequence in which the rows should be returned. This comparator is retrieved by calling the getRowComparator method on the view object. So, to ensure sorting by our display value, we need to override this method to return our custom comparator: public Comparator getRowComparator() {   return new LovDisplayAttributeRowComparator(getSortCriteria()); } The custom comparator class extends the default RowComparator class and overrides the method compareRows and looks up the choice display value to compare the two rows. The complete code of this class is included in the sample application.  With this code in place, clicking on the Region sort icon nicely sorts the countries by RegionName, as you can see below. When using the Query-By-Example table filter at the top of the table, you typically want to use the same choice list to filter the rows. One way to do that is documented in ADF code corner sample 16 - How To Customize the ADF Faces Table Filter.The solution in this sample is perfectly fine to use. This sample requires you to define a separate iterator binding and associated tree binding to populate the choice list in the table filter area using the af:iterator tag. You might be able to reuse the same LOV view object instance in this iterator binding that is used as view accessor for the model-bassed LOV. However, I have seen quite a few customers who have a generic LOV view object (mapped to one "refcodes" table) with the bind variable values set in the LOV view accessor. In such a scenario, some duplicate work is needed to get a dedicated view object instance with the correct bind variables that can be used in the iterator binding. Looking for ways to maximize reuse, wouldn't it be nice if we could just reuse our model-based LOV to populate this filter choice list? Well we can. Here are the basic steps: 1. Create an attribute list binding in the page definition that we can use to retrieve the list of SelectItems needed to populate the choice list <list StaticList="false" Uses="LOV_RegionId"               IterBinding="CountriesView1Iterator" id="RegionId"/>  We need this "current row" list binding because the implicit list binding used by the item in the table is not accessible outside a table row, we cannot use the expression #{row.bindings.RegionId} in the table filter facet. 2. Create a Map-style managed bean with the get method retrieving the list binding as key, and returning the list of SelectItems. To return this list, we take the list of selectItems contained by the list binding and replace the index number that is normally used as key value with the actual attribute value that is set by the choice list. Here is the code of the get method:  public Object get(Object key) {   if (key instanceof FacesCtrlListBinding)   {     // we need to cast to internal class FacesCtrlListBinding rather than JUCtrlListBinding to     // be able to call getItems method. To prevent this import, we could evaluate an EL expression     // to get the list of items     FacesCtrlListBinding lb = (FacesCtrlListBinding) key;     if (cachedFilterLists.containsKey(lb.getName()))     {       return cachedFilterLists.get(lb.getName());     }     List<SelectItem> items = (List<SelectItem>)lb.getItems();     if (items==null || items.size()==0)     {       return items;     }     List<SelectItem> newItems = new ArrayList<SelectItem>();     JUCtrlValueDef def = ((JUCtrlValueDef)lb.getDef());     String valueAttr = def.getFirstAttrName();     // the items list has an index number as value, we need to replace this with the actual     // value of the attribute that is copied back by the choice list     for (int i = 0; i < items.size(); i++)     {       SelectItem si = (SelectItem) items.get(i);       Object value = lb.getValueFromList(i);       if (value instanceof Row)       {         Row row = (Row) value;         si.setValue(row.getAttribute(valueAttr));                 }       else       {         // this is the "empty" row, set value to empty string so all rows will be returned         // as user no longer wants to filter on this attribute         si.setValue("");       }       newItems.add(si);     }     cachedFilterLists.put(lb.getName(), newItems);     return newItems;   }   return null; } Note that we added caching to speed up performance, and to handle the situation where table filters or search criteria are set such that no rows are retrieved in the table. When there are no rows, there is no current row and the getItems method on the list binding will return no items.  An alternative approach to create the list of SelectItems would be to retrieve the iterator binding from the list binding and loop over the rows in the iterator binding rowset. Then we wouldn't need the import of the ADF internal oracle.adfinternal.view.faces.model.binding.FacesCtrlListBinding class, but then we need to figure out the display attributes from the list binding definition, and possible separate them with a dash if multiple display attributes are defined in the LOV. Doable but less reuse and more work. 3. Inside the filter facet for the column create an af:selectOneChoice with the value property of the f:selectItems tag referencing the get method of the managed bean:  <f:facet name="filter">   <af:selectOneChoice id="soc0" autoSubmit="true"                       value="#{vs.filterCriteria.RegionId}">     <!-- attention: the RegionId list binding must be created manually in the page definition! -->                       <f:selectItems id="si0"                    value="#{viewScope.TableFilterChoiceList[bindings.RegionId]}"/>   </af:selectOneChoice> </f:facet> Note that the managed bean is defined in viewScope for the caching to take effect. Here is a screen shot of the tabe filter in action: You can download the sample application here. 

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• How to disabled the input,textarea,select using this code..

  - by kumar

  Hello friends I am using this code in my view.. <%@ Control Language="C#" Inherits="System.Web.Mvc.ViewUserControl<NorthernTrust.ATP.iTool.Core.Business.Entities.Exceptions.PricingMassEditBE>" %> <script type="text/javascript"> $("#PricingEditExceptions").find("input, select,textarea").attr('disabled', 'disabled'); </script> <%var a = Model; %> <fieldset id="PricingEditExceptions"> <div class="fiveper"> <label>FM#: <span><%=(null != a) ? Model.Asset.FundmasterSec : null%></span></label> <label>TNT#:<span><%=(null != a) ? Model.Asset.TNTSecurity: null%></span></label> <label>CUSIP#: <span><%=(null != a) ? Model.Asset.CUSIP :null%></span></label> <label>Asset:<span><%=(null != a) ? Model.Asset.AssetClassCode: null%></span></label> <label>Issue:<span><%=(null != a) ? Model.Asset.IssueType: null%></span></label> <label>COQ:<span><%=(null != a) ? Model.Asset.CodeCountryofQuotationName: null%></span></label> <label>CCY:<span><%=(null != a) ? Model.Asset.CurrencyCode: null%></span></label> <label>&nbsp;</label> </div> <div class="fiveper"> <input id="check1" type="checkbox" name="PMchk" value="<%=Model.ExceptionID%>" /> <label>ID#: <span><%=(null != a) ? Model.ExceptionID : 0%></span></label> <label for="ExceptionStatus"> Status: <span id="gui-stat-<%=Model.ExceptionID %>"> <%=Model.LookupCodes["C_EXCPT_STAT"].FirstOrDefault(model => model.Key.Trim().Equals(Model.ExceptionStatus.Trim())).Value%></span> </label> <label for="ResolutionCode"> Resolution: <span> <%=Html.DropDownListFor(model => model.ResolutionCode, new SelectList(Model.LookupCodes["C_EXCPT_RESL"], "Key", "Value", (null != Model.ResolutionCode) ? Model.ResolutionCode.Trim() : Model.ResolutionCode))%> </span> </label> <label for="ReasonCode"> Reason: <span><%=Html.DropDownListFor(model => model.ReasonCode, new SelectList(Model.LookupCodes["C_EXCPT_RSN"], "Key", "Value", (null != Model.ReasonCode) ? Model.ReasonCode.Trim() : Model.ReasonCode))%></span> </label> <label>Action Taken:<span><%=Html.DropDownListFor(model => model.ActionCode, new SelectList(Model.LookupCodes["C_EXCPT_ACT"], "Key", "Value", (null != Model.ActionCode) ? Model.ActionCode.Trim() : Model.ActionCode))%></span></label> <label>&nbsp;</label> </div> <div class="fiveper"> <label>Follow-Up:<span class="datepicker-container"><input type="text" id="exc-flwup-<%=Model.ExceptionID %>" name="exc-flwup-<%=Model.ExceptionID %>" value="<%=Model.FollowupDate %>" /></span></label> <label>Inqurity #: <span><%=Html.EditorFor(model => model.IOL)%></span> </label> <label>&nbsp;</label> <label>Comment: <span> <%=Html.TextAreaFor(model => model.Comment, new { })%> <%=Html.ValidationMessageFor(model => model.Comment)%> </span> </label> </div> <div id="hide" style="display:none"> <label><span><%=Model.Sequence %></span></label> <label><span><%=Model.AssignedId %></span></label> <span id="gui-stat-<%=Model.ExceptionID%>"> <%=Model.LookupCodes["C_EXCPT_STAT"].FirstOrDefault(model => model.Key.Trim().Equals(Model.ExceptionStatus.Trim())).Value%></span> <span>Last Updated:</span> <%=Model.LastUpdateUser.StartsWith("ATPB") ? "SYSTEM" : Model.LastUpdateUser%><br /> <%=Model.LastUpdated%> <% if (DateTime.Now.Date == Model.LastUpdated.Value .Date ) {%> <%=Math.Round((DateTime.Now - (DateTime)Model.LastUpdated).TotalHours, 0)%> hr<%} %> <p> <%=Html.EditorFor(model => model.SequenceDateTimeAsString)%> <%=Html.EditorFor(model => model.AssignedId)%> <span><%=Html.EditorFor(model => model.Origination)%></span> </p> </div> </fieldset> <script type="text/javascript"> $(document).ready(function() { function validate_excpt(formData, jqForm, options) { var form = jqForm[0]; } // post-submit callback function showResponse(responseText, statusText, xhr, $form) { if (responseText.substring(0, 16) != "System.Exception") { $('#error-msg-<%=Model.ExceptionID %> span:last').html('<strong>Update successful.</strong>'); } else { $('#error-msg-<%=Model.ExceptionID %> span:last').html('<strong>Update failed.</strong> ' + responseText.substring(0, 48)); } $('#error-msg-<%=Model.ExceptionID %>').removeClass('hide'); $('#gui-stat-<%=Model.ExceptionID %>').html(responseText[1]); } $('#exc-<%=Model.ExceptionID %>').ajaxForm({ target: '#error-msg-<%=Model.ExceptionID %>', beforeSubmit: validate_excpt, success: showResponse, dataType: 'json' }).enable(<%=Model.EnableEdit.ToString().ToLower() %>); $("input[id^='exc-flwup-']").datepicker({ duration: 0, buttonImage: '/Content/images/calender.gif', buttonImageOnly: true, showOn:'button', constrainInput: true, showTime: true, stepMinutes: 30, stepHours: 1, altTimeField: '', time24h: true, minDate: 0 }); $("input[id^='exc-flwup-<%=Model.ExceptionID%>']").click(function() { $(this).val(''); }); $('#ui-timepicker-div').bgiframe(); }); </script> Using this code I am disabling the fields when the view loads.. like this my view displyas for number of users which I am going to selct using this below code I am able to disable only first Fiedset not for other fieldsets? $("#Fieldset1").find("input, select,textarea").attr('disabled', 'disabled'); why its happening? I need to disable for how many users I select.... thanks..

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• Could not synchronize database state with session

  - by user359427

  Hello all, I'm having trouble trying to persist an entity which ID is a generated value. This entity (A), at persistence time, has to persist in cascade another entity(B). The relationship within A and B is OneToMany, and the property related in B is part of a composite key. I'm using Eclipse, JBOSS Runtime, JPA/Hibernate Here is my code: Entity A: @Entity public class Cambios implements Serializable { private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L; @SequenceGenerator(name="CAMBIOS_GEN",sequenceName="CAMBIOS_SEQ",allocationSize=1) @Id @GeneratedValue(strategy=GenerationType.SEQUENCE, generator="CAMBIOS_GEN") @Column(name="ID_CAMBIO") private Long idCambio; //bi-directional many-to-one association to ObjetosCambio @OneToMany(cascade={CascadeType.PERSIST},mappedBy="cambios") private List<ObjetosCambio> objetosCambioList; public Cambios() { } ... } Entity B: @Entity @Table(name="OBJETOS_CAMBIO") public class ObjetosCambio implements Serializable { private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L; @EmbeddedId private ObjetosCambioPK id; //bi-directional many-to-one association to Cambios @ManyToOne @JoinColumn(name="ID_CAMBIO", insertable=false, updatable=false) private Cambios cambios; //bi-directional many-to-one association to Objetos @ManyToOne @JoinColumn(name="ID_OBJETO", insertable=false, updatable=false) private Objetos objetos; public ObjetosCambio() { } ... Entity B PK: @Embeddable public class ObjetosCambioPK implements Serializable { //default serial version id, required for serializable classes. private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L; @Column(name="ID_OBJETO") private Long idObjeto; @Column(name="ID_CAMBIO") private Long idCambio; public ObjetosCambioPK() { } Client: public String generarCambio(){ ServiceLocator serviceLocator = null; try { serviceLocator = serviceLocator.getInstance(); FachadaLocal tcLocal; tcLocal = (FachadaLocal)serviceLocator.getFacadeService("java:comp/env/negocio/Fachada"); Cambios cambio = new Cambios(); Iterator it = objetosLocal.iterator(); //OBJETOSLOCAL IS ALREADY POPULATED OUTSIDE OF THIS METHOD List<ObjetosCambio> ocList = new ArrayList(); while (it.hasNext()){ Objetos objeto = (Objetos)it.next(); ObjetosCambio objetosCambio = new ObjetosCambio(); objetosCambio.setCambios(cambio); //AT THIS TIME THIS "CAMBIO" DOES NOT HAVE ITS ID, ITS SUPPOSED TO BE GENERATED AT PERSISTENCE TIME ObjetosCambioPK ocPK = new ObjetosCambioPK(); ocPK.setIdObjeto(objeto.getIdObjeto()); objetosCambio.setId(ocPK); ocList.add(objetosCambio); } cambio.setObjetosCambioList(ocList); tcLocal.persistEntity(cambio); return "exito"; } catch (NamingException e) { // TODO e.printStackTrace(); } return null; } ERROR: 15:23:25,717 WARN [JDBCExceptionReporter] SQL Error: 1400, SQLState: 23000 15:23:25,717 ERROR [JDBCExceptionReporter] ORA-01400: no se puede realizar una inserción NULL en ("CDC"."OBJETOS_CAMBIO"."ID_CAMBIO") 15:23:25,717 WARN [JDBCExceptionReporter] SQL Error: 1400, SQLState: 23000 15:23:25,717 ERROR [JDBCExceptionReporter] ORA-01400: no se puede realizar una inserción NULL en ("CDC"."OBJETOS_CAMBIO"."ID_CAMBIO") 15:23:25,717 ERROR [AbstractFlushingEventListener] Could not synchronize database state with session org.hibernate.exception.ConstraintViolationException: Could not execute JDBC batch update at org.hibernate.exception.SQLStateConverter.convert(SQLStateConverter.java:94) at org.hibernate.exception.JDBCExceptionHelper.convert(JDBCExceptionHelper.java:66) at org.hibernate.jdbc.AbstractBatcher.executeBatch(AbstractBatcher.java:275) at org.hibernate.engine.ActionQueue.executeActions(ActionQueue.java:266) at org.hibernate.engine.ActionQueue.executeActions(ActionQueue.java:167) at org.hibernate.event.def.AbstractFlushingEventListener.performExecutions(AbstractFlushingEventListener.java:321) at org.hibernate.event.def.DefaultFlushEventListener.onFlush(DefaultFlushEventListener.java:50) at org.hibernate.impl.SessionImpl.flush(SessionImpl.java:1027) at org.hibernate.impl.SessionImpl.managedFlush(SessionImpl.java:365) at org.hibernate.ejb.AbstractEntityManagerImpl$1.beforeCompletion(AbstractEntityManagerImpl.java:504) at com.arjuna.ats.internal.jta.resources.arjunacore.SynchronizationImple.beforeCompletion(SynchronizationImple.java:101) at com.arjuna.ats.arjuna.coordinator.TwoPhaseCoordinator.beforeCompletion(TwoPhaseCoordinator.java:269) at com.arjuna.ats.arjuna.coordinator.TwoPhaseCoordinator.end(TwoPhaseCoordinator.java:89) at com.arjuna.ats.arjuna.AtomicAction.commit(AtomicAction.java:177) at com.arjuna.ats.internal.jta.transaction.arjunacore.TransactionImple.commitAndDisassociate(TransactionImple.java:1423) at com.arjuna.ats.internal.jta.transaction.arjunacore.BaseTransaction.commit(BaseTransaction.java:137) at com.arjuna.ats.jbossatx.BaseTransactionManagerDelegate.commit(BaseTransactionManagerDelegate.java:75) at org.jboss.aspects.tx.TxPolicy.endTransaction(TxPolicy.java:170) at org.jboss.aspects.tx.TxPolicy.invokeInOurTx(TxPolicy.java:87) at org.jboss.aspects.tx.TxInterceptor$Required.invoke(TxInterceptor.java:190) at org.jboss.aop.joinpoint.MethodInvocation.invokeNext(MethodInvocation.java:102) at org.jboss.aspects.tx.TxPropagationInterceptor.invoke(TxPropagationInterceptor.java:76) at org.jboss.aop.joinpoint.MethodInvocation.invokeNext(MethodInvocation.java:102) at org.jboss.ejb3.tx.NullInterceptor.invoke(NullInterceptor.java:42) at org.jboss.aop.joinpoint.MethodInvocation.invokeNext(MethodInvocation.java:102) at org.jboss.ejb3.security.Ejb3AuthenticationInterceptorv2.invoke(Ejb3AuthenticationInterceptorv2.java:186) at org.jboss.aop.joinpoint.MethodInvocation.invokeNext(MethodInvocation.java:102) at org.jboss.ejb3.ENCPropagationInterceptor.invoke(ENCPropagationInterceptor.java:41) at org.jboss.aop.joinpoint.MethodInvocation.invokeNext(MethodInvocation.java:102) at org.jboss.ejb3.BlockContainerShutdownInterceptor.invoke(BlockContainerShutdownInterceptor.java:67) at org.jboss.aop.joinpoint.MethodInvocation.invokeNext(MethodInvocation.java:102) at org.jboss.aspects.currentinvocation.CurrentInvocationInterceptor.invoke(CurrentInvocationInterceptor.java:67) at org.jboss.aop.joinpoint.MethodInvocation.invokeNext(MethodInvocation.java:102) at org.jboss.ejb3.session.SessionSpecContainer.invoke(SessionSpecContainer.java:176) at org.jboss.ejb3.session.SessionSpecContainer.invoke(SessionSpecContainer.java:216) at org.jboss.ejb3.proxy.impl.handler.session.SessionProxyInvocationHandlerBase.invoke(SessionProxyInvocationHandlerBase.java:207) at org.jboss.ejb3.proxy.impl.handler.session.SessionProxyInvocationHandlerBase.invoke(SessionProxyInvocationHandlerBase.java:164) at $Proxy298.persistEntity(Unknown Source) at backing.SolicitudCambio.generarCambio(SolicitudCambio.java:521) at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method) at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(Unknown Source) at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(Unknown Source) at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Unknown Source) at com.sun.faces.el.MethodBindingImpl.invoke(MethodBindingImpl.java:146) at com.sun.faces.application.ActionListenerImpl.processAction(ActionListenerImpl.java:92) at javax.faces.component.UICommand.broadcast(UICommand.java:332) at javax.faces.component.UIViewRoot.broadcastEvents(UIViewRoot.java:287) at javax.faces.component.UIViewRoot.processApplication(UIViewRoot.java:401) at com.sun.faces.lifecycle.InvokeApplicationPhase.execute(InvokeApplicationPhase.java:95) at com.sun.faces.lifecycle.LifecycleImpl.phase(LifecycleImpl.java:245) at com.sun.faces.lifecycle.LifecycleImpl.execute(LifecycleImpl.java:110) at javax.faces.webapp.FacesServlet.service(FacesServlet.java:213) at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.internalDoFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:290) at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.doFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:206) at org.apache.myfaces.webapp.filter.ExtensionsFilter.doFilter(ExtensionsFilter.java:301) at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.internalDoFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:235) at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.doFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:206) at org.jboss.web.tomcat.filters.ReplyHeaderFilter.doFilter(ReplyHeaderFilter.java:96) at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.internalDoFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:235) at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.doFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:206) at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardWrapperValve.invoke(StandardWrapperValve.java:235) at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardContextValve.invoke(StandardContextValve.java:191) at org.jboss.web.tomcat.security.SecurityAssociationValve.invoke(SecurityAssociationValve.java:190) at org.jboss.web.tomcat.security.JaccContextValve.invoke(JaccContextValve.java:92) at org.jboss.web.tomcat.security.SecurityContextEstablishmentValve.process(SecurityContextEstablishmentValve.java:126) at org.jboss.web.tomcat.security.SecurityContextEstablishmentValve.invoke(SecurityContextEstablishmentValve.java:70) at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardHostValve.invoke(StandardHostValve.java:127) at org.apache.catalina.valves.ErrorReportValve.invoke(ErrorReportValve.java:102) at org.jboss.web.tomcat.service.jca.CachedConnectionValve.invoke(CachedConnectionValve.java:158) at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardEngineValve.invoke(StandardEngineValve.java:109) at org.apache.catalina.connector.CoyoteAdapter.service(CoyoteAdapter.java:330) at org.apache.coyote.http11.Http11Processor.process(Http11Processor.java:829) at org.apache.coyote.http11.Http11Protocol$Http11ConnectionHandler.process(Http11Protocol.java:598) at org.apache.tomcat.util.net.JIoEndpoint$Worker.run(JIoEndpoint.java:447) at java.lang.Thread.run(Unknown Source) Caused by: java.sql.BatchUpdateException: ORA-01400: no se puede realizar una inserción NULL en ("CDC"."OBJETOS_CAMBIO"."ID_CAMBIO") Thanks in advance! JM.-

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• Convert flyout menu to respond onclick vs mouseover

  - by Scott B

  The code below creates a nifty flyout menu action on a nested list item sequence. The client has called and wants the change the default behavior in which the flyouts are triggered by mouseover, so that you have to click to trigger a flyout. Ideally, I would just like to modify this code so that you click on a small icon (plus/minus) that sits to the right of the menu item if it has child menus. Can someone give me a bit of guidance on what bits I'd need to change to accomplish this? /* a few sniffs to circumvent known browser bugs */ var sUserAgent = navigator.userAgent.toLowerCase(); var isIE=document.all?true:false; var isNS4=document.layers?true:false; var isOp=(sUserAgent.indexOf('opera')!=-1)?true:false; var isMac=(sUserAgent.indexOf('mac')!=-1)?true:false; var isMoz=(sUserAgent.indexOf('mozilla/5')!=-1&&sUserAgent.indexOf('opera')==-1&&sUserAgent.indexOf('msie')==-1)?true:false; var isNS6=(sUserAgent.indexOf('netscape6')!=-1&&sUserAgent.indexOf('opera')==-1&&sUserAgent.indexOf('msie')==-1)?true:false; var dom=document.getElementById?true:false; /* sets time until menus disappear in milliseconds */ var iMenuTimeout=1500; var aMenus=new Array; var oMenuTimeout; var iMainMenusLength=0; /* the following boolean controls the z-index property if needed */ /* if is only necessary if you have multiple mainMenus in one file that are overlapping */ /* set bSetZIndeces to true (either here or in the HTML) and the main menus will have a z-index set in descending order so that preceding ones can overlap */ /* the integer iStartZIndexAt controls z-index of the first main menu */ var bSetZIndeces=true; var iStartZIndexAt=1000; var aMainMenus=new Array; /* load up the submenus */ function loadMenus(){ if(!dom)return; var aLists=document.getElementsByTagName('ul'); for(var i=0;i<aLists.length;i++){ if(aLists[i].className=='navMenu')aMenus[aMenus.length]=aLists[i]; } var aAnchors=document.getElementsByTagName('a'); var aItems = new Array; for(var i=0;i<aAnchors.length;i++){ // if(aAnchors[i].className=='navItem')aItems[aItems.length] = aAnchors[i]; aItems[aItems.length] = aAnchors[i]; } var sMenuId=null; var oParentMenu=null; var aAllElements=document.body.getElementsByTagName("*"); if(isIE)aAllElements=document.body.all; /* loop through navItem and navMenus and dynamically assign their IDs */ /* each relies on it's parent's ID being set before it */ for(var i=0;i<aAllElements.length;i++){ if(aAllElements[i].className.indexOf('x8menus')!=-1){ /* load up main menus collection */ if(bSetZIndeces)aMainMenus[aMainMenus.length]=aAllElements[i]; } // if(aAllElements[i].className=='navItem'){ if(aAllElements[i].tagName=='A'){ oParentMenu = aAllElements[i].parentNode.parentNode; if(!oParentMenu.childMenus) oParentMenu.childMenus = new Array; oParentMenu.childMenus[oParentMenu.childMenus.length]=aAllElements[i]; if(aAllElements[i].id==''){ if(oParentMenu.className=='x8menus'){ aAllElements[i].id='navItem_'+iMainMenusLength; //alert(aAllElements[i].id); iMainMenusLength++; }else{ aAllElements[i].id=oParentMenu.id.replace('Menu','Item')+'.'+oParentMenu.childMenus.length; } } } else if(aAllElements[i].className=='navMenu'){ oParentItem = aAllElements[i].parentNode.firstChild; aAllElements[i].id = oParentItem.id.replace('Item','Menu'); } } /* dynamically set z-indeces of main menus so they won't underlap */ for(var i=aMainMenus.length-1;i>=0;i--){ aMainMenus[i].style.zIndex=iStartZIndexAt-i; } /* set menu item properties */ for(var i=0;i<aItems.length;i++){ sMenuId=aItems[i].id; sMenuId='navMenu_'+sMenuId.substring(8,sMenuId.lastIndexOf('.')); /* assign event handlers */ /* eval() used here to avoid syntax errors for function literals in Netscape 3 */ eval('aItems[i].onmouseover=function(){modClass(true,this,"activeItem");window.clearTimeout(oMenuTimeout);showMenu("'+sMenuId+'");};'); eval('aItems[i].onmouseout=function(){modClass(false,this,"activeItem");window.clearTimeout(oMenuTimeout);oMenuTimeout=window.setTimeout("hideMenu(\'all\')",iMenuTimeout);}'); eval('aItems[i].onfocus=function(){this.onmouseover();}'); eval('aItems[i].onblur=function(){this.onmouseout();}'); //aItems[i].addEventListener("keydown",function(){keyNav(this,event);},false); } var sCatId=0; var oItem; for(var i=0;i<aMenus.length;i++){ /* assign event handlers */ /* eval() used here to avoid syntax errors for function literals in Netscape 3 */ eval('aMenus[i].onmouseover=function(){window.clearTimeout(oMenuTimeout);}'); eval('aMenus[i].onmouseout=function(){window.clearTimeout(oMenuTimeout);oMenuTimeout=window.setTimeout("hideMenu(\'all\')",iMenuTimeout);}'); sCatId=aMenus[i].id; sCatId=sCatId.substring(8,sCatId.length); oItem=document.getElementById('navItem_'+sCatId); if(oItem){ if(!isOp && !(isMac && isIE) && oItem.parentNode)modClass(true,oItem.parentNode,"hasSubMenu"); else modClass(true,oItem,"hasSubMenu"); /* assign event handlers */ eval('oItem.onmouseover=function(){window.clearTimeout(oMenuTimeout);showMenu("navMenu_'+sCatId+'");}'); eval('oItem.onmouseout=function(){window.clearTimeout(oMenuTimeout);oMenuTimeout=window.clearTimeout(oMenuTimeout);oMenuTimeout=window.setTimeout(\'hideMenu("navMenu_'+sCatId+'")\',iMenuTimeout);}'); eval('oItem.onfocus=function(){window.clearTimeout(oMenuTimeout);showMenu("navMenu_'+sCatId+'");}'); eval('oItem.onblur=function(){window.clearTimeout(oMenuTimeout);oMenuTimeout=window.clearTimeout(oMenuTimeout);oMenuTimeout=window.setTimeout(\'hideMenu("navMenu_'+sCatId+'")\',iMenuTimeout);}'); //oItem.addEventListener("keydown",function(){keyNav(this,event);},false); } } } /* this will append the loadMenus function to any previously assigned window.onload event */ /* if you reassign this onload event, you'll need to include this or execute it after all the menus are loaded */ function newOnload(){ if(typeof previousOnload=='function')previousOnload(); loadMenus(); } var previousOnload; if(window.onload!=null)previousOnload=window.onload; window.onload=newOnload; /* show menu and hide all others except ancestors of the current menu */ function showMenu(sWhich){ var oWhich=document.getElementById(sWhich); if(!oWhich){ hideMenu('all'); return; } var aRootMenus=new Array; aRootMenus[0]=sWhich var sCurrentRoot=sWhich; var bHasParentMenu=false; if(sCurrentRoot.indexOf('.')!=-1){ bHasParentMenu=true; } /* make array of this menu and ancestors so we know which to leave exposed */ /* ex. from ID string "navMenu_12.3.7.4", extracts menu levels ["12.3.7.4", "12.3.7", "12.3", "12"] */ while(bHasParentMenu){ if(sCurrentRoot.indexOf('.')==-1)bHasParentMenu=false; aRootMenus[aRootMenus.length]=sCurrentRoot; sCurrentRoot=sCurrentRoot.substring(0,sCurrentRoot.lastIndexOf('.')); } for(var i=0;i<aMenus.length;i++){ var bIsRoot=false; for(var j=0;j<aRootMenus.length;j++){ var oThisItem=document.getElementById(aMenus[i].id.replace('navMenu_','navItem_')); if(aMenus[i].id==aRootMenus[j])bIsRoot=true; } if(bIsRoot && oThisItem)modClass(true,oThisItem,'hasSubMenuActive'); else modClass(false,oThisItem,'hasSubMenuActive'); if(!bIsRoot && aMenus[i].id!=sWhich)modClass(false,aMenus[i],'showMenu'); } modClass(true,oWhich,'showMenu'); var oItem=document.getElementById(sWhich.replace('navMenu_','navItem_')); if(oItem)modClass(true,oItem,'hasSubMenuActive'); } function hideMenu(sWhich){ if(sWhich=='all'){ /* loop backwards b/c WinIE6 has a bug with hiding display of an element when it's parent is already hidden */ for(var i=aMenus.length-1;i>=0;i--){ var oThisItem=document.getElementById(aMenus[i].id.replace('navMenu_','navItem_')); if(oThisItem)modClass(false,oThisItem,'hasSubMenuActive'); modClass(false,aMenus[i],'showMenu'); } }else{ var oWhich=document.getElementById(sWhich); if(oWhich)modClass(false,oWhich,'showMenu'); var oThisItem=document.getElementById(sWhich.replace('navMenu_','navItem_')); if(oThisItem)modClass(false,oThisItem,'hasSubMenuActive'); } } /* add or remove element className */ function modClass(bAdd,oElement,sClassName){ if(bAdd){/* add class */ if(oElement.className.indexOf(sClassName)==-1)oElement.className+=' '+sClassName; }else{/* remove class */ if(oElement.className.indexOf(sClassName)!=-1){ if(oElement.className.indexOf(' '+sClassName)!=-1)oElement.className=oElement.className.replace(' '+sClassName,''); else oElement.className=oElement.className.replace(sClassName,''); } } return oElement.className; /* return new className */ } //document.body.addEventListener("keydown",function(){keyNav(event);},true); function setBubble(oEvent){ oEvent.bubbles = true; } function keyNav(oElement,oEvent){ alert(oEvent.keyCode); window.status=oEvent.keyCode; return false; }

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• How to make disabled or enabled on check box selection using jquery

  - by kumar

  Hello Friends, I am using this code to make enabling or disabling based on checkbox selection $('#Pchk').change(function() { var che =$('input[name=PMchk]').is(':checked'); if(!che) { $('fieldset').find("input,select,textarea").removeAttr('disabled'); } else { $('fieldset').find("input:not(:checkbox),select,textarea").attr('disabled', 'disabled'); $('#genericfieldset').find("input,select,textarea").removeAttr('disabled'); } }); Here is my Fieldset <fieldset calss="pricingM" id="PricingEditExceptions"> <div class="fiveper"> <label>FM#: <span><%=(null != a) ? Model.Asset.FundmasterSec : null%></span></label> <label>TNT#:<span><%=(null != a) ? Model.Asset.TNTSecurity: null%></span></label> <label>CUSIP#: <span><%=(null != a) ? Model.Asset.CUSIP :null%></span></label> <label>Asset:<span><%=(null != a) ? Model.Asset.AssetClassCode: null%></span></label> <label>Issue:<span><%=(null != a) ? Model.Asset.IssueType: null%></span></label> <label>COQ:<span><%=(null != a) ? Model.Asset.CodeCountryofQuotationName: null%></span></label> <label>CCY:<span><%=(null != a) ? Model.Asset.CurrencyCode: null%></span></label> <label>&nbsp;</label> </div> <div class="fiveper" id="display"> <input id="Pchk" type="checkbox" name="PMchk" value="<%=Model.ExceptionID%>" /> <label>ID#: <span><%=(null != a) ? Model.ExceptionID : 0%></span></label> <label for="ExceptionStatus"> Status: <span id="gui-stat-<%=Model.ExceptionID %>"> <%=Model.LookupCodes["C_EXCPT_STAT"].FirstOrDefault(model => model.Key.Trim().Equals(Model.ExceptionStatus.Trim())).Value%></span> </label> <label for="ResolutionCode"> Resolution: <span> <%=Html.DropDownListFor(model => model.ResolutionCode, new SelectList(Model.LookupCodes["C_EXCPT_RESL"], "Key", "Value", (null != Model.ResolutionCode) ? Model.ResolutionCode.Trim() : Model.ResolutionCode))%> </span> </label> <label for="ReasonCode"> Reason: <span><%=Html.DropDownListFor(model => model.ReasonCode, new SelectList(Model.LookupCodes["C_EXCPT_RSN"], "Key", "Value", (null != Model.ReasonCode) ? Model.ReasonCode.Trim() : Model.ReasonCode))%></span> </label> <label>Action Taken:<span><%=Html.DropDownListFor(model => model.ActionCode, new SelectList(Model.LookupCodes["C_EXCPT_ACT"], "Key", "Value", (null != Model.ActionCode) ? Model.ActionCode.Trim() : Model.ActionCode))%></span></label> <label>&nbsp;</label> </div> <div class="fiveper"> <label>Follow-Up:<span class="datepicker-container"><input type="text" id="exc-flwup-<%=Model.ExceptionID %>" name="exc-flwup-<%=Model.ExceptionID %>" value="<%=Model.FollowupDate %>" /></span></label> <label>Inqurity #: <span><%=Html.EditorFor(model => model.IOL)%></span> </label> <label>&nbsp;</label> <label>Comment: <span> <%=Html.TextAreaFor(model => model.Comment, new { })%> <%=Html.ValidationMessageFor(model => model.Comment)%> </span> </label> </div> <div id="hide" style="display:none"> <label><span><%=Model.Sequence %></span></label> <label><span><%=Model.AssignedId %></span></label> <span id="gui-stat-<%=Model.ExceptionID%>"> <%=Model.LookupCodes["C_EXCPT_STAT"].FirstOrDefault(model => model.Key.Trim().Equals(Model.ExceptionStatus.Trim())).Value%></span> <span>Last Updated:</span> <%=Model.LastUpdateUser.StartsWith("ATPB") ? "SYSTEM" : Model.LastUpdateUser%><br /> <%=Model.LastUpdated%> <% if (DateTime.Now.Date == Model.LastUpdated.Value .Date ) {%> <%=Math.Round((DateTime.Now - (DateTime)Model.LastUpdated).TotalHours, 0)%> hr<%} %> <p> <%=Html.EditorFor(model => model.SequenceDateTimeAsString)%> <%=Html.EditorFor(model => model.AssignedId)%> <span><%=Html.EditorFor(model => model.Origination)%></span> </p> </div> </fieldset> If I selct Four Users this Fieldset result will come in Four boxes....each box having Checkbox..Initially when the page loads I am disabling $('fieldset').find("input:not(:checkbox),select,textarea").attr('disabled','disabled'); ok with my Checkbox Change Funtion I am trying to make Enable or disable my Fieldset.. H here I need to handle Individual Fieldset based on Chekcbox.. right now If I select one check box all Fieldset inpu,select,texarea are making Disabled or Enable.. can anyone tell me how to handle Individual Fieldset on the same page/ thanks

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• Spring's EntityManager not persisting

  - by Fernando Camargo

  Well, my project was using EJB and JPA (with Hibernate), but I had to switch to Spring. Everything was working well before that. The EJB used to inject the EntityManager, controled the transaction, etc. Ok, when I switched to Spring, I had a lot of problems because I'm new on Spring. But after everything is running, I have the problem: the data is never saved on database. I configured my Spring to control the transactions, I have spring beans used in JSF, that has spring services that do the hard work. This services have a EntityManager injected and use @Transactional REQUIRED. This services pass the EntityManager to a DAO that call entityManager.persist(bean). The selects appears to work well, the JTA transaction appears to work well to (I saw in log), but the entity is not saved! Here is the log: INFO: [Pronatec] - 04/04/2012 11:30:20 - [DEBUG] org.springframework.orm.jpa.support.OpenEntityManagerInViewFilter: doFilterInternal() (linha 136): Opening JPA EntityManager in OpenEntityManagerInViewFilter INFO: [Pronatec] - 04/04/2012 11:30:20 - [DEBUG] org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultListableBeanFactory: doGetBean() (linha 245): Returning cached instance of singleton bean 'transactionManager' INFO: [Pronatec] - 04/04/2012 11:30:20 - [DEBUG] org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.HibernateTransactionManager: getTransaction() (linha 365): Creating new transaction with name [br.org.cni.pronatec.controller.service.MontanteServiceImpl.adicionarValor]: PROPAGATION_REQUIRED,ISOLATION_DEFAULT; '' INFO: [Pronatec] - 04/04/2012 11:30:20 - [DEBUG] org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.HibernateTransactionManager: doBegin() (linha 493): Opened new Session [org.hibernate.impl.SessionImpl@2b2fe2f0] for Hibernate transaction INFO: [Pronatec] - 04/04/2012 11:30:20 - [DEBUG] org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.HibernateTransactionManager: doBegin() (linha 504): Preparing JDBC Connection of Hibernate Session [org.hibernate.impl.SessionImpl@2b2fe2f0] INFO: [Pronatec] - 04/04/2012 11:30:20 - [DEBUG] org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.HibernateTransactionManager: doBegin() (linha 569): Exposing Hibernate transaction as JDBC transaction [com.sun.gjc.spi.jdbc40.ConnectionHolder40@3bcd4840] INFO: [Pronatec] - 04/04/2012 11:30:20 - [DEBUG] org.springframework.orm.jpa.ExtendedEntityManagerCreator$ExtendedEntityManagerInvocationHandler: doJoinTransaction() (linha 383): Joined JTA transaction INFO: Hibernate: select hibernate_sequence.nextval from dual INFO: [Pronatec] - 04/04/2012 11:30:20 - [DEBUG] org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.HibernateTransactionManager: processCommit() (linha 752): Initiating transaction commit INFO: [Pronatec] - 04/04/2012 11:30:20 - [DEBUG] org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.HibernateTransactionManager: doCommit() (linha 652): Committing Hibernate transaction on Session [org.hibernate.impl.SessionImpl@2b2fe2f0] INFO: [Pronatec] - 04/04/2012 11:30:20 - [DEBUG] org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.HibernateTransactionManager: doCleanupAfterCompletion() (linha 734): Closing Hibernate Session [org.hibernate.impl.SessionImpl@2b2fe2f0] after transaction INFO: [Pronatec] - 04/04/2012 11:30:20 - [DEBUG] org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.SessionFactoryUtils: closeSession() (linha 800): Closing Hibernate Session INFO: [Pronatec] - 04/04/2012 11:30:20 - [DEBUG] org.springframework.orm.jpa.support.OpenEntityManagerInViewFilter: doFilterInternal() (linha 154): Closing JPA EntityManager in OpenEntityManagerInViewFilter INFO: [Pronatec] - 04/04/2012 11:30:20 - [DEBUG] org.springframework.orm.jpa.EntityManagerFactoryUtils: closeEntityManager() (linha 343): Closing JPA EntityManager In the log, I see it commiting the transaction, but I don't see the insert query (the Hibernate is printing any query). I also see that the Hibernate lookup to get the next value of the sequence ID. But after that, it never really inserts. Here is the spring context configuration: <bean id="entityManagerFactory" class="org.springframework.orm.jpa.LocalContainerEntityManagerFactoryBean"> <property name="persistenceUnitName" value="PronatecPU" /> <property name="persistenceXmlLocation" value="classpath:META-INF/persistence.xml" /> <property name="loadTimeWeaver"> <bean class="org.springframework.instrument.classloading.InstrumentationLoadTimeWeaver"/> </property> <property name="jpaProperties"> <props> <prop key="hibernate.transaction.factory_class">org.hibernate.transaction.JTATransactionFactory</prop> </props> </property> </bean> <bean id="transactionManager" class="org.springframework.orm.jpa.JpaTransactionManager" > <property name="transactionManagerName" value="java:/TransactionManager" /> <property name="userTransactionName" value="UserTransaction" /> <property name="entityManagerFactory" ref="entityManagerFactory" /> </bean> <bean class="org.springframework.orm.jpa.support.PersistenceAnnotationBeanPostProcessor" /> <tx:annotation-driven transaction-manager="transactionManager" /> Here is my persistence.xml: <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <persistence version="1.0" xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/persistence" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/persistence http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/persistence/persistence_1_0.xsd"> <persistence-unit name="PronatecPU" transaction-type="JTA"> <provider>org.hibernate.ejb.HibernatePersistence</provider> <jta-data-source>jdbc/pronatec</jta-data-source> <class>br.org.cni.pronatec.model.bean.AgendamentoBuscaSistec</class> <class>br.org.cni.pronatec.model.bean.AgendamentoExportacaoZeus</class> <class>br.org.cni.pronatec.model.bean.AgendamentoImportacaoZeus</class> <class>br.org.cni.pronatec.model.bean.Aluno</class> <class>br.org.cni.pronatec.model.bean.Curso</class> <class>br.org.cni.pronatec.model.bean.DepartamentoRegional</class> <class>br.org.cni.pronatec.model.bean.Dof</class> <class>br.org.cni.pronatec.model.bean.Escola</class> <class>br.org.cni.pronatec.model.bean.Inconsistencia</class> <class>br.org.cni.pronatec.model.bean.Matricula</class> <class>br.org.cni.pronatec.model.bean.Montante</class> <class>br.org.cni.pronatec.model.bean.ParametrosVingentes</class> <class>br.org.cni.pronatec.model.bean.TipoCurso</class> <class>br.org.cni.pronatec.model.bean.Turma</class> <class>br.org.cni.pronatec.model.bean.UnidadeFederativa</class> <class>br.org.cni.pronatec.model.bean.ValorAssistenciaEstudantil</class> <class>br.org.cni.pronatec.model.bean.ValorHora</class> <exclude-unlisted-classes>true</exclude-unlisted-classes> <properties> <property name="current_session_context_class" value="thread"/> <property name="hibernate.show_sql" value="true"/> <property name="hibernate.format_sql" value="true"/> <property name="hibernate.dialect" value="org.hibernate.dialect.OracleDialect"/> <property name="hibernate.transaction.manager_lookup_class" value="org.hibernate.transaction.SunONETransactionManagerLookup"/> <property name="hibernate.hbm2ddl.auto" value="update"/> </properties> </persistence-unit> </persistence> Here is my service that is injected in the managed bean: @Service @Scope("prototype") @Transactional(propagation= Propagation.REQUIRED) public class MontanteServiceImpl { // more code @PersistenceContext(unitName="PronatecPU", type= PersistenceContextType.EXTENDED) private EntityManager entityManager; // more code // The method that is called by another public method that do something before private void salvarMontante(Montante montante) { montante.setDataTransacao(new Date()); MontanteDao montanteDao = new MontanteDao(entityManager); montanteDao.salvar(montante); } // more code } My MontanteDao inherits from a base DAO, like this: public class MontanteDao extends BaseDao<Montante> { public MontanteDao(EntityManager entityManager) { super(entityManager); } } And the method that is called in BaseDao is this: public void salvar(T bean) { entityManager.persist(bean); } Like you can see, it just pick the injected entityManager and call the persist() method. The transaction is being controlled by the Spring, like is printed in the log, but the insert query is never printed in log and it is never saved. I'm sorry about my bad english. Thanks in advance for who helps.

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• Why does C qicksort function implementation works much slower (tape comparations, tape swapping) than bobble sort function?

  - by Artur Mustafin

  I'm going to implement a toy tape "mainframe" for a students, showing the quickness of "quicksort" class functions (recursive or not, does not really matters, due to the slow hardware, and well known stack reversal techniques) comparatively to the "bubblesort" function class, so, while I'm clear about the hardware implementation ans controllers, i guessed that quicksort function is much faster that other ones in terms of sequence, order and comparation distance (it is much faster to rewind the tape from the middle than from the very end, because of different speed of rewind). Unfortunately, this is not the true, this simple "bubble" code shows great improvements comparatively to the "quicksort" functions in terms of comparison distances, direction and number of comparisons and writes. So I have 3 questions: Does I have mistaken in my implememtation of quicksort function? Does I have mistaken in my implememtation of bubblesoft function? If not, why the "bubblesort" function is works much faster in (comparison and write operations) than "quicksort" function? I already have a "quicksort" function: void quicksort(float *a, long l, long r, const compare_function& compare) { long i=l, j=r, temp, m=(l+r)/2; if (l == r) return; if (l == r-1) { if (compare(a, l, r)) { swap(a, l, r); } return; } if (l < r-1) { while (1) { i = l; j = r; while (i < m && !compare(a, i, m)) i++; while (m < j && !compare(a, m, j)) j--; if (i >= j) { break; } swap(a, i, j); } if (l < m) quicksort(a, l, m, compare); if (m < r) quicksort(a, m, r, compare); return; } } and the kind of my own implememtation of the "bubblesort" function: void bubblesort(float *a, long l, long r, const compare_function& compare) { long i, j, k; if (l == r) { return; } if (l == r-1) { if (compare(a, l, r)) { swap(a, l, r); } return; } if (l < r-1) { while(l < r) { i = l; j = l; while (i < r) { i++; if (!compare(a, j, i)) { continue; } j = i; } if (l < j) { swap(a, l, j); } l++; i = r; k = r; while(l < i) { i--; if (!compare(a, i, k)) { continue; } k = i; } if (k < r) { swap(a, k, r); } r--; } return; } } I have used this sort functions in a test sample code, like this: #include <stdio.h> #include <stdlib.h> #include <math.h> #include <conio.h> long swap_count; long compare_count; typedef long (*compare_function)(float *, long, long ); typedef void (*sort_function)(float *, long , long , const compare_function& ); void init(float *, long ); void print(float *, long ); void sort(float *, long, const sort_function& ); void swap(float *a, long l, long r); long less(float *a, long l, long r); long greater(float *a, long l, long r); void bubblesort(float *, long , long , const compare_function& ); void quicksort(float *, long , long , const compare_function& ); void main() { int n; printf("n="); scanf("%d",&n); printf("\r\n"); long i; float *a = (float *)malloc(n*n*sizeof(float)); sort(a, n, &bubblesort); print(a, n); sort(a, n, &quicksort); print(a, n); free(a); } long less(float *a, long l, long r) { compare_count++; return *(a+l) < *(a+r) ? 1 : 0; } long greater(float *a, long l, long r) { compare_count++; return *(a+l) > *(a+r) ? 1 : 0; } void swap(float *a, long l, long r) { swap_count++; float temp; temp = *(a+l); *(a+l) = *(a+r); *(a+r) = temp; } float tg(float x) { return tan(x); } float ctg(float x) { return 1.0/tan(x); } void init(float *m,long n) { long i,j; for (i = 0; i < n; i++) { for (j=0; j< n; j++) { m[i + j*n] = tg(0.2*(i+1)) + ctg(0.3*(j+1)); } } } void print(float *m, long n) { long i, j; for(i = 0; i < n; i++) { for(j = 0; j < n; j++) { printf(" %5.1f", m[i + j*n]); } printf("\r\n"); } printf("\r\n"); } void sort(float *a, long n, const sort_function& sort) { long i, sort_compare = 0, sort_swap = 0; init(a,n); for(i = 0; i < n*n; i+=n) { if (fmod (i / n, 2) == 0) { compare_count = 0; swap_count = 0; sort(a, i, i+n-1, &less); if (swap_count == 0) { compare_count = 0; sort(a, i, i+n-1, &greater); } sort_compare += compare_count; sort_swap += swap_count; } } printf("compare=%ld\r\n", sort_compare); printf("swap=%ld\r\n", sort_swap); printf("\r\n"); }

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• Is it possible to convert this asp to asp.net?

  - by Phil

  I have been tasked with sifting through the worst classic asp spaghetti i've ever come across. The script runs a series of recordsets in sequence, getting 1 record at a time. As the record is built it takes the id and passes it to the next loop, which gets data, and passes on the id to the next loop. It then continues in this manner and builds an unordered list, kicking out the required html as it goes. Here are my efforts so far: have a class delivering data via sqldatareaders and output these to nested repeaters (this failed due to not being able to loop and get the id) Have a datatable populated with all the required data, then datatable.select to filter it out. have 4 datareaders looping and building the ul arraylists (I couldnt get the id's to match up) Please can you suggest the best method (with a bit of sample code if possible) to go about doing this conversion? Here is the code (sorry its long / horrible / spaghetti!!!) <% set RSMenuLevel0 = conn.execute("select id, DepartmentID, GroupingID, Heading, OrderID, Publish, moduleid, url, urltarget " &_ "from Grouping where (DepartmentID = 0 and GroupingID = 0 and Publish <> 0) order by OrderID") %> <% if session("JavaScriptEnabled") = "False" Then %> <% while not RSMenuLevel0.EOF if RSMenuLevel0("Publish") <> 0 then Menu0heading = RSMenuLevel0("Heading") Menu0id = RSMenuLevel0("id") %> <%if RSMenuLevel0("url") > "" and RSMenuLevel0("moduleid") = 0 then%> &nbsp;<a href="http://<%=RSMenuLevel0("url")%>" target="<%=RSMenuLevel0("urltarget")%>"><%=Menu0heading%></a> <%else%> &nbsp;<a href="/default.asp?id=<%=Menu0id%>"><%=Menu0heading%></a> <%end if%> <% end if RSMenuLevel0.MoveNext wend %> <% else %> <ul id="Menu1" class="MM"> <%if home <> 1 then%> <!-- <li><a href="/default.asp"><span class="item">Home</span></a> --> <%end if%> <% numone=0 while not RSMenuLevel0.EOF ' numone = numone + 1 Menu0heading = RSMenuLevel0("Heading") 'itemID = lcase(replace(Menu0heading," ","")) Menu0id = RSMenuLevel0("id") if RSMenuLevel0("url") > "" and RSMenuLevel0("moduleid") = 0 then url = RSMenuLevel0("url") if instr(url,"file:///") > 0 then %> <li><a href="<%=RSMenuLevel0("url")%>" target="<%=RSMenuLevel0("urltarget")%>" <%if numone=1 then%>class="CURRENT"<%end if%>><span class="item"><%=Menu0heading%></span></a> <%else%> <li><a href="http://<%=RSMenuLevel0("url")%>" target="<%=RSMenuLevel0("urltarget")%>" <%if numone=1 then%>class="CURRENT"<%end if%>><span class="item"><%=Menu0heading%></span></a> <%end if%> <%else%> <li><a href="/default.asp?id=<%=RSMenuLevel0("id")%>" <%if numone=1 then%>class="CURRENT"<%end if%>><span class="item"><%=Menu0heading%></span></a> <%end if%> <% set RSMenuLevel1 = conn.execute("select id, DepartmentID, GroupingID, Heading, OrderID, Publish, moduleid, url, urltarget " &_ "from Grouping where (DepartmentID = 0 and GroupingID = " & Menu0id & " and Publish <> 0) order by OrderID") if not RSMenuLevel1.EOF then %> <ul> <% while not RSMenuLevel1.EOF Menu1heading = RSMenuLevel1("Heading") Menu1id = RSMenuLevel1("id") if RSMenuLevel1("url") > "" and RSMenuLevel1("moduleid") = 0 then url = RSMenuLevel1("url") if instr(url,"file:///") > 0 then %> <li><a href="<%=RSMenuLevel1("url")%>" target="<%=RSMenuLevel1("urltarget")%>"><%=Menu1heading%></a> <%else%> <li><a href="http://<%=RSMenuLevel1("url")%>" target="<%=RSMenuLevel1("urltarget")%>"><%=Menu1heading%></a> <%end if%> <%else%> <li><a href="/default.asp?id=<%=RSMenuLevel1("id")%>"><%=Menu1heading%></a> <%end if%> <% set RSMenuLevel2 = conn.execute("select id, DepartmentID, GroupingID, Heading, OrderID, Publish, moduleid, url, urltarget " &_ "from Grouping where (DepartmentID = 0 and GroupingID = " & Menu1id & " and Publish <> 0) order by OrderID") if not RSMenuLevel2.EOF then %> <ul> <% while not RSMenuLevel2.EOF Menu2heading = RSMenuLevel2("Heading") Menu2id = RSMenuLevel2("id") if RSMenuLevel2("url") > "" and RSMenuLevel2("moduleid") = 0 then %> <li><a href="http://<%=RSMenuLevel2("url")%>" target="<%=RSMenuLevel2("urltarget")%>"><%=Menu2heading%></a> <%else%> <li><a href="/default.asp?id=<%=RSMenuLevel2("id")%>"><%=Menu2heading%></a> <%end if%> <% set RSMenuLevel3 = conn.execute("select id, DepartmentID, GroupingID, Heading, OrderID, Publish, moduleid, url, urltarget " &_ "from Grouping where (DepartmentID = 0 and GroupingID = " & Menu2id & " and Publish <> 0) order by OrderID") if not RSMenuLevel3.EOF then %> <ul> <% while not RSMenuLevel3.EOF Menu3heading = RSMenuLevel3("Heading") Menu3id = RSMenuLevel3("id") if RSMenuLevel3("url") > "" and RSMenuLevel3("moduleid") = 0 then %> <li><a href="http://<%=RSMenuLevel3("url")%>" target="<%=RSMenuLevel3("urltarget")%>"><%=Menu3heading%></a></li> <%else%> <li><a href="/default.asp?id=<%=RSMenuLevel3("id")%>"><%=Menu3heading%></a></li> <%end if%> <% RSMenuLevel3.MoveNext wend %> </ul> <% end if RSMenuLevel2.MoveNext %> </li> <% wend %> </ul> <% end if RSMenuLevel1.MoveNext %> </li> <% wend %> </ul> <% end if RSMenuLevel0.MoveNext %> </li> <% wend %> </ul> <% end if %>

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• Windows 7 intermittently drops wired internet/lan connection.

  - by CraigTP

  In a nutshell, my Windows 7 Ultimate PC intermittently drops it's internet connection. Why? Background: My PC is wired to my ADSL modem/router which is directly connected to the phone line. I also have wireless connectivity turned on within the router for a laptop to connect wirelessly. Every few hours or so, when using my PC, I find I cannot access the internet and pages will not load. Eventually, Windows7 will update the network icon in the task-tray to show the exclamation mark symbol on the network icon. Opening up the Network And Sharing Centre will show the red cross between the "Multiple Networks" and "The Internet". Here's a picture of the "Network And Sharing Centre" (grabbed when everything was working!) As you can see, I'm running Sun's VirtualBox on this machine and that creates a Network connection for itself. This doesn't seem to affect the intermittent dropping (i.e. the intermittent drops occur whether the VirtualBox connection is in use or not). When the connection does drop, I cannot access any internet pages, nor can I access the router's web admin page at http://192.168.1.1/, so I'm assuming I've lost all local LAN access too. It's definitely not the router (or the internet connection itself) as my laptop, using the wireless connection (and running Vista Home Premium) continues to be able to access the internet (and the router's web admin pages) just fine. Every time this happens, I can immediately restore all internet and LAN access by opening Network Adapter page, disabling the "Local Area Connection" and then re-enabling it. Give it a few seconds and everything is fine again. I assume this is because, beneath the GUI, it's effectively doing an "ipconfig /release" then "ipconfig /renew". Why does this happen in the first place, though? I've googled for this and seen quite a few other people (even on MSDN/Technet forums) experiencing the same or almost the same problem, but with no clear resolution. Suggestions of turning off IPv6 on the LAN adapter, and ensuring there's no power management "sleeping" the network adapter have been tried but do not cure the problem. There does not seem to be any particular sequence of events that cause it to happen either. I've had it go twice in 20 minutes when just randomly browsing the web with no other traffic, and I've also had it go once then not go again for 2-3 hours with the same sort of usage. Can anyone tell me why this is happening and how to make it stop? EDIT: Additional information based upon the answer provided so far: Firstly, I forgot the mention that this is Windows 7 64 bit if that makes any difference at all. I mentioned that I don't think the VirtualBox network adpater is causing this problem in any way, and I also have VirtualBox installed on two other machines, one running Vista Home Premium and the other running XP. Neither of these machine experience the same network connectivity issues as the Windows 7 machine. The IP assignment for the Windows 7 machine is the same both before and after the "drop". I have a DHCP server on the router issuing IP Addresses, however my Windows 7 machine uses a static address. Here's the output from "ipconfig": Ethernet adapter Local Area Connection: Connection-specific DNS Suffix . : Description . . . . . . . . . . . : Realtek PCIe GBE Family Controller DHCP Enabled. . . . . . . . . . . : No Autoconfiguration Enabled . . . . : Yes IPv4 Address. . . . . . . . . . . : 192.168.1.2(Preferred) Subnet Mask . . . . . . . . . . . : 255.255.255.0 Default Gateway . . . . . . . . . : 192.168.1.1 DNS Servers . . . . . . . . . . . : 192.168.1.1 NetBIOS over Tcpip. . . . . . . . : Enabled Within the system's event logs, the only event that relates to the connection dropping is a "DNS Client Event" and this is generated after the connection has dropped and is an event detailing that DNS information can't be found for whatever website I may be trying to access, just as the connection drops: Log Name: System Source: Microsoft-Windows-DNS-Client Event ID: 1014 Task Category: None Level: Warning Keywords: User: NETWORK SERVICE Description: Name resolution for the name weather.service.msn.com timed out after none of the configured DNS servers responded. The network adapter chipset is Realtek PCIe GBE Family Controller and I have confirmed that this is the correct chipset for the motherboard (Asus M4A77TD PRO), and in fact, Windows Update installed an updated driver for this on 12/Jan/2009. The details of the update say that it's a Realtek software update from December 2009. Incidentally, I was still having the same intermittent problems prior to this update. It seems to have made no difference at all. EDIT 2 (1 Feb 2010): In my quest to solve this problem, I have discovered some more interesting information. On another forum, someone suggested that I should try running Windows in "Safe Mode With Networking" and see if the problem continues to occur. This was a fantastic suggestion and I don't know why I didn't think of it sooner myself. So, I proceeded to run in Safe Mode with Networking for a number of hours, and amazingly, the "drops" didn't occur once. It was a positive discovery, however, due to the intermittent nature of the original problem, I wasn't completely convinced that the problem was cured. One thing I did note is that the fan on my GFX card was running alot louder than normal. This is due to the fact that I have an ASUS ENGTS250 graphics card (http://www.asus.com/product.aspx?P_ID=B6imcoax3MRY42f3) which had a known problem with a noisy fan until a BIOS update fixed the issue. (See the "Manufacturer Response" here: http://www.newegg.com/Product/Product.aspx?Item=N82E16814121334 for details). Well, running in safe mode had the fan running (incorrectly) at full speed (as it did before the BIOS update), but with an (apparently) stable network connection. Obviously some driver was not loaded for the GFX card when in Safe Mode so this got me thinking about the GFX card (since the very noisy fan was quite obvious when running in Safe Mode). I rebooted into normal mode, and found that Nvidia had a very up-to-date new driver for my GFX card (only about 1 week old), so I downloaded the appropriate driver and installed it. After installation and a reboot, I was able to use my PC for an entire day with NO NETWORK DROPS!!! This was on Saturday. However, on the Sunday, I also had my PC for pretty much the entire day and experienced 2 network drops. No other changes have been made to my PC in this time. So, the story seems to be that updating my graphics card drivers seems to have improved (if not completely fixed) the issue, however, I'm still searching for a proper fix for this problem. Hopefully, this information may help anyone who may have additional ideas as to why this problem is occuring in the first place. (And why does new GFX card drivers have anything to do with the network?) I appreciate everyone's feedback so far. However, I'll have to ask once more if anyone has any further ideas of how to fix this particular problem? Thanks in advance.

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• Inbound SIP calls through Cisco 881 NAT hang up after a few seconds

  - by MasterRoot24

  I've recently moved to a Cisco 881 router for my WAN link. I was previously using a Cisco Linksys WAG320N as my modem/router/WiFi AP/NAT firewall. The WAG320N is now running in bridged mode, so it's simply acting as a modem with one of it's LAN ports connected to FE4 WAN on my Cisco 881. The Cisco 881 get's a DHCP provided IP from my ISP. My LAN is part of default Vlan 1 (192.168.1.0/24). General internet connectivity is working great, I've managed to setup static NAT rules for my HTTP/HTTPS/SMTP/etc. services which are running on my LAN. I don't know whether it's worth mentioning that I've opted to use NVI NAT (ip nat enable as opposed to the traditional ip nat outside/ip nat inside) setup. My reason for this is that NVI allows NAT loopback from my LAN to the WAN IP and back in to the necessary server on the LAN. I run an Asterisk 1.8 PBX on my LAN, which connects to a SIP provider on the internet. Both inbound and outbound calls through the old setup (WAG320N providing routing/NAT) worked fine. However, since moving to the Cisco 881, inbound calls drop after around 10 seconds, whereas outbound calls work fine. The following message is logged on my Asterisk PBX: [Dec 9 15:27:45] WARNING[27734]: chan_sip.c:3641 retrans_pkt: Retransmission timeout reached on transmission [email protected] for seqno 1 (Critical Response) -- See https://wiki.asterisk.org/wiki/display/AST/SIP+Retransmissions Packet timed out after 6528ms with no response [Dec 9 15:27:45] WARNING[27734]: chan_sip.c:3670 retrans_pkt: Hanging up call [email protected] - no reply to our critical packet (see https://wiki.asterisk.org/wiki/display/AST/SIP+Retransmissions). (I know that this is quite a common issue - I've spend the best part of 2 days solid on this, trawling Google.) I've done as I am told and checked https://wiki.asterisk.org/wiki/display/AST/SIP+Retransmissions. Referring to the section "Other SIP requests" in the page linked above, I believe that the hangup to be caused by the ACK from my SIP provider not being passed back through NAT to Asterisk on my PBX. I tried to ascertain this by dumping the packets on my WAN interface on the 881. I managed to obtain a PCAP dump of packets in/out of my WAN interface. Here's an example of an ACK being reveived by the router from my provider: 689 21.219999 193.x.x.x 188.x.x.x SIP 502 Request: ACK sip:[email protected] | However a SIP trace on the Asterisk server show's that there are no ACK's received in response to the 200 OK from my PBX: http://pastebin.com/wwHpLPPz In the past, I have been strongly advised to disable any sort of SIP ALGs on routers and/or firewalls and the many posts regarding this issue on the internet seem to support this. However, I believe on Cisco IOS, the config command to disable SIP ALG is no ip nat service sip udp port 5060 however, this doesn't appear to help the situation. To confirm that config setting is set: Router1#show running-config | include sip no ip nat service sip udp port 5060 Another interesting twist: for a short period of time, I tried another provider. Luckily, my trial account with them is still available, so I reverted my Asterisk config back to the revision before I integrated with my current provider. I then dialled in to the DDI associated with the trial trunk and the call didn't get hung up and I didn't get the error above! To me, this points at the provider, however I know, like all providers do, will say "There's no issues with our SIP proxies - it's your firewall." I'm tempted to agree with this, as this issue was not apparent with the old WAG320N router when it was doing the NAT'ing. I'm sure you'll want to see my running-config too: ! ! Last configuration change at 15:55:07 UTC Sun Dec 9 2012 by xxx version 15.2 no service pad service tcp-keepalives-in service tcp-keepalives-out service timestamps debug datetime msec localtime show-timezone service timestamps log datetime msec localtime show-timezone no service password-encryption service sequence-numbers ! hostname Router1 ! boot-start-marker boot-end-marker ! ! security authentication failure rate 10 log security passwords min-length 6 logging buffered 4096 logging console critical enable secret 4 xxx ! aaa new-model ! ! aaa authentication login local_auth local ! ! ! ! ! aaa session-id common ! memory-size iomem 10 ! crypto pki trustpoint TP-self-signed-xxx enrollment selfsigned subject-name cn=IOS-Self-Signed-Certificate-xxx revocation-check none rsakeypair TP-self-signed-xxx ! ! crypto pki certificate chain TP-self-signed-xxx certificate self-signed 01 quit no ip source-route no ip gratuitous-arps ip auth-proxy max-login-attempts 5 ip admission max-login-attempts 5 ! ! ! ! ! no ip bootp server ip domain name dmz.merlin.local ip domain list dmz.merlin.local ip domain list merlin.local ip name-server x.x.x.x ip inspect audit-trail ip inspect udp idle-time 1800 ip inspect dns-timeout 7 ip inspect tcp idle-time 14400 ip inspect name autosec_inspect ftp timeout 3600 ip inspect name autosec_inspect http timeout 3600 ip inspect name autosec_inspect rcmd timeout 3600 ip inspect name autosec_inspect realaudio timeout 3600 ip inspect name autosec_inspect smtp timeout 3600 ip inspect name autosec_inspect tftp timeout 30 ip inspect name autosec_inspect udp timeout 15 ip inspect name autosec_inspect tcp timeout 3600 ip cef login block-for 3 attempts 3 within 3 no ipv6 cef ! ! multilink bundle-name authenticated license udi pid CISCO881-SEC-K9 sn ! ! username xxx privilege 15 secret 4 xxx username xxx secret 4 xxx ! ! ! ! ! ip ssh time-out 60 ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! interface FastEthernet0 no ip address ! interface FastEthernet1 no ip address ! interface FastEthernet2 no ip address ! interface FastEthernet3 switchport access vlan 2 no ip address ! interface FastEthernet4 ip address dhcp no ip redirects no ip unreachables no ip proxy-arp ip nat enable duplex auto speed auto ! interface Vlan1 ip address 192.168.1.1 255.255.255.0 no ip redirects no ip unreachables no ip proxy-arp ip nat enable ! interface Vlan2 ip address 192.168.0.2 255.255.255.0 ! ip forward-protocol nd ip http server ip http access-class 1 ip http authentication local ip http secure-server ip http timeout-policy idle 60 life 86400 requests 10000 ! ! no ip nat service sip udp port 5060 ip nat source list 1 interface FastEthernet4 overload ip nat source static tcp x.x.x.x 80 interface FastEthernet4 80 ip nat source static tcp x.x.x.x 443 interface FastEthernet4 443 ip nat source static tcp x.x.x.x 25 interface FastEthernet4 25 ip nat source static tcp x.x.x.x 587 interface FastEthernet4 587 ip nat source static tcp x.x.x.x 143 interface FastEthernet4 143 ip nat source static tcp x.x.x.x 993 interface FastEthernet4 993 ip nat source static tcp x.x.x.x 1723 interface FastEthernet4 1723 ! ! logging trap debugging logging facility local2 access-list 1 permit 192.168.1.0 0.0.0.255 access-list 1 permit 192.168.0.0 0.0.0.255 no cdp run ! ! ! ! control-plane ! ! banner motd Authorized Access only ! line con 0 login authentication local_auth length 0 transport output all line aux 0 exec-timeout 15 0 login authentication local_auth transport output all line vty 0 1 access-class 1 in logging synchronous login authentication local_auth length 0 transport preferred none transport input telnet transport output all line vty 2 4 access-class 1 in login authentication local_auth length 0 transport input ssh transport output all ! ! end ...and, if it's of any use, here's my Asterisk SIP config: [general] context=default ; Default context for calls allowoverlap=no ; Disable overlap dialing support. (Default is yes) udpbindaddr=0.0.0.0 ; IP address to bind UDP listen socket to (0.0.0.0 binds to all) ; Optionally add a port number, 192.168.1.1:5062 (default is port 5060) tcpenable=no ; Enable server for incoming TCP connections (default is no) tcpbindaddr=0.0.0.0 ; IP address for TCP server to bind to (0.0.0.0 binds to all interfaces) ; Optionally add a port number, 192.168.1.1:5062 (default is port 5060) srvlookup=yes ; Enable DNS SRV lookups on outbound calls ; Note: Asterisk only uses the first host ; in SRV records ; Disabling DNS SRV lookups disables the ; ability to place SIP calls based on domain ; names to some other SIP users on the Internet ; Specifying a port in a SIP peer definition or ; when dialing outbound calls will supress SRV ; lookups for that peer or call. directmedia=no ; Don't allow direct RTP media between extensions (doesn't work through NAT) externhost=<MY DYNDNS HOSTNAME> ; Our external hostname to resolve to IP and be used in NAT'ed packets localnet=192.168.1.0/24 ; Define our local network so we know which packets need NAT'ing qualify=yes ; Qualify peers by default dtmfmode=rfc2833 ; Set the default DTMF mode disallow=all ; Disallow all codecs by default allow=ulaw ; Allow G.711 u-law allow=alaw ; Allow G.711 a-law ; ---------------------- ; SIP Trunk Registration ; ---------------------- ; Orbtalk register => <MY SIP PROVIDER USER NAME>:[email protected]/<MY DDI> ; Main Orbtalk number ; ---------- ; Trunks ; ---------- [orbtalk] ; Main Orbtalk trunk type=peer insecure=invite host=sipgw3.orbtalk.co.uk nat=yes username=<MY SIP PROVIDER USER NAME> defaultuser=<MY SIP PROVIDER USER NAME> fromuser=<MY SIP PROVIDER USER NAME> secret=xxx context=inbound I really don't know where to go with this. If anyone can help me find out why these calls are being dropped off, I'd be grateful if you could chime in! Please let me know if any further info is required.

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• UAC being turned off once a day on Windows 7

  - by Mehper C. Palavuzlar

  I have strange problem on my HP laptop. This began to happen recently. Whenever I start my machine, Windows 7 Action Center displays the following warning: You need to restart your computer for UAC to be turned off. Actually, this does not happen if it happened once on a specific day. For example, when I start the machine in the morning, it shows up; but it never shows up in the subsequent restarts within that day. On the next day, the same thing happens again. I never disable UAC, but obviously some rootkit or virus causes this. As soon as I get this warning, I head for the UAC settings, and re-enable UAC to dismiss this warning. This is a bothersome situation as I can't fix it. First, I have run a full scan on the computer for any probable virus and malware/rootkit activity, but TrendMicro OfficeScan said that no viruses have been found. I went to an old Restore Point using Windows System Restore, but the problem was not solved. What I have tried so far (which couldn't find the rootkit): TrendMicro OfficeScan Antivirus AVAST Malwarebytes' Anti-malware Ad-Aware Vipre Antivirus GMER TDSSKiller (Kaspersky Labs) HiJackThis RegRuns UnHackMe SuperAntiSpyware Portable Tizer Rootkit Razor (*) Sophos Anti-Rootkit SpyHunter 4 There are no other strange activities on the machine. Everything works fine except this bizarre incident. What could be the name of this annoying rootkit? How can I detect and remove it? EDIT: Below is the log file generated by HijackThis: Logfile of Trend Micro HijackThis v2.0.4 Scan saved at 13:07:04, on 17.01.2011 Platform: Windows 7 (WinNT 6.00.3504) MSIE: Internet Explorer v8.00 (8.00.7600.16700) Boot mode: Normal Running processes: C:\Windows\system32\taskhost.exe C:\Windows\system32\Dwm.exe C:\Windows\Explorer.EXE C:\Program Files\CheckPoint\SecuRemote\bin\SR_GUI.Exe C:\Windows\System32\igfxtray.exe C:\Windows\System32\hkcmd.exe C:\Windows\system32\igfxsrvc.exe C:\Windows\System32\igfxpers.exe C:\Program Files\Hewlett-Packard\HP Wireless Assistant\HPWAMain.exe C:\Program Files\Synaptics\SynTP\SynTPEnh.exe C:\Program Files\Hewlett-Packard\HP Quick Launch Buttons\QLBCTRL.exe C:\Program Files\Analog Devices\Core\smax4pnp.exe C:\Program Files\Hewlett-Packard\HP Quick Launch Buttons\VolCtrl.exe C:\Program Files\LightningFAX\LFclient\lfsndmng.exe C:\Program Files\Common Files\Java\Java Update\jusched.exe C:\Program Files\Microsoft Office Communicator\communicator.exe C:\Program Files\Iron Mountain\Connected BackupPC\Agent.exe C:\Program Files\Trend Micro\OfficeScan Client\PccNTMon.exe C:\Program Files\Microsoft LifeCam\LifeExp.exe C:\Program Files\Hewlett-Packard\Shared\HpqToaster.exe C:\Program Files\Windows Sidebar\sidebar.exe C:\Program Files\mimio\mimio Studio\system\aps_tablet\atwtusb.exe C:\Program Files\Microsoft Office\Office12\OUTLOOK.EXE C:\Program Files\Babylon\Babylon-Pro\Babylon.exe C:\Program Files\Mozilla Firefox\firefox.exe C:\Users\userx\Desktop\HijackThis.exe R1 - HKCU\Software\Microsoft\Internet Explorer\Main,Search Page = http://go.microsoft.com/fwlink/?LinkId=54896 R0 - HKCU\Software\Microsoft\Internet Explorer\Main,Start Page = about:blank R1 - HKLM\Software\Microsoft\Internet Explorer\Main,Default_Page_URL = http://go.microsoft.com/fwlink/?LinkId=69157 R1 - HKLM\Software\Microsoft\Internet Explorer\Main,Default_Search_URL = http://go.microsoft.com/fwlink/?LinkId=54896 R1 - HKLM\Software\Microsoft\Internet Explorer\Main,Search Page = http://go.microsoft.com/fwlink/?LinkId=54896 R0 - HKLM\Software\Microsoft\Internet Explorer\Main,Start Page = http://go.microsoft.com/fwlink/?LinkId=69157 R0 - HKLM\Software\Microsoft\Internet Explorer\Search,SearchAssistant = R0 - HKLM\Software\Microsoft\Internet Explorer\Search,CustomizeSearch = R1 - HKCU\Software\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\Internet Settings,AutoConfigURL = http://www.yaysat.com.tr/proxy/proxy.pac R0 - HKCU\Software\Microsoft\Internet Explorer\Toolbar,LinksFolderName = O2 - BHO: AcroIEHelperStub - {18DF081C-E8AD-4283-A596-FA578C2EBDC3} - C:\Program Files\Common Files\Adobe\Acrobat\ActiveX\AcroIEHelperShim.dll O2 - BHO: Babylon IE plugin - {9CFACCB6-2F3F-4177-94EA-0D2B72D384C1} - C:\Program Files\Babylon\Babylon-Pro\Utils\BabylonIEPI.dll O2 - BHO: Java(tm) Plug-In 2 SSV Helper - {DBC80044-A445-435b-BC74-9C25C1C588A9} - C:\Program Files\Java\jre6\bin\jp2ssv.dll O4 - HKLM\..\Run: [IgfxTray] C:\Windows\system32\igfxtray.exe O4 - HKLM\..\Run: [HotKeysCmds] C:\Windows\system32\hkcmd.exe O4 - HKLM\..\Run: [Persistence] C:\Windows\system32\igfxpers.exe O4 - HKLM\..\Run: [hpWirelessAssistant] C:\Program Files\Hewlett-Packard\HP Wireless Assistant\HPWAMain.exe O4 - HKLM\..\Run: [SynTPEnh] C:\Program Files\Synaptics\SynTP\SynTPEnh.exe O4 - HKLM\..\Run: [QlbCtrl.exe] C:\Program Files\Hewlett-Packard\HP Quick Launch Buttons\QlbCtrl.exe /Start O4 - HKLM\..\Run: [SoundMAXPnP] C:\Program Files\Analog Devices\Core\smax4pnp.exe O4 - HKLM\..\Run: [Adobe Reader Speed Launcher] "C:\Program Files\Adobe\Reader 9.0\Reader\Reader_sl.exe" O4 - HKLM\..\Run: [Adobe ARM] "C:\Program Files\Common Files\Adobe\ARM\1.0\AdobeARM.exe" O4 - HKLM\..\Run: [lfsndmng] C:\Program Files\LightningFAX\LFclient\LFSNDMNG.EXE O4 - HKLM\..\Run: [SunJavaUpdateSched] "C:\Program Files\Common Files\Java\Java Update\jusched.exe" O4 - HKLM\..\Run: [Communicator] "C:\Program Files\Microsoft Office Communicator\communicator.exe" /fromrunkey O4 - HKLM\..\Run: [AgentUiRunKey] "C:\Program Files\Iron Mountain\Connected BackupPC\Agent.exe" -ni -sss -e http://localhost:16386/ O4 - HKLM\..\Run: [OfficeScanNT Monitor] "C:\Program Files\Trend Micro\OfficeScan Client\pccntmon.exe" -HideWindow O4 - HKLM\..\Run: [Babylon Client] C:\Program Files\Babylon\Babylon-Pro\Babylon.exe -AutoStart O4 - HKLM\..\Run: [LifeCam] "C:\Program Files\Microsoft LifeCam\LifeExp.exe" O4 - HKCU\..\Run: [Sidebar] C:\Program Files\Windows Sidebar\sidebar.exe /autoRun O4 - Global Startup: mimio Studio.lnk = C:\Program Files\mimio\mimio Studio\mimiosys.exe O8 - Extra context menu item: Microsoft Excel'e &Ver - res://C:\PROGRA~1\MICROS~1\Office12\EXCEL.EXE/3000 O8 - Extra context menu item: Translate this web page with Babylon - res://C:\Program Files\Babylon\Babylon-Pro\Utils\BabylonIEPI.dll/ActionTU.htm O8 - Extra context menu item: Translate with Babylon - res://C:\Program Files\Babylon\Babylon-Pro\Utils\BabylonIEPI.dll/Action.htm O9 - Extra button: Research - {92780B25-18CC-41C8-B9BE-3C9C571A8263} - C:\PROGRA~1\MICROS~1\Office12\REFIEBAR.DLL O9 - Extra button: Translate this web page with Babylon - {F72841F0-4EF1-4df5-BCE5-B3AC8ACF5478} - C:\Program Files\Babylon\Babylon-Pro\Utils\BabylonIEPI.dll O9 - Extra 'Tools' menuitem: Translate this web page with Babylon - {F72841F0-4EF1-4df5-BCE5-B3AC8ACF5478} - C:\Program Files\Babylon\Babylon-Pro\Utils\BabylonIEPI.dll O16 - DPF: {00134F72-5284-44F7-95A8-52A619F70751} (ObjWinNTCheck Class) - https://172.20.12.103:4343/officescan/console/html/ClientInstall/WinNTChk.cab O16 - DPF: {08D75BC1-D2B5-11D1-88FC-0080C859833B} (OfficeScan Corp Edition Web-Deployment SetupCtrl Class) - https://172.20.12.103:4343/officescan/console/html/ClientInstall/setup.cab O17 - HKLM\System\CCS\Services\Tcpip\Parameters: Domain = yaysat.com O17 - HKLM\Software\..\Telephony: DomainName = yaysat.com O17 - HKLM\System\CS1\Services\Tcpip\Parameters: Domain = yaysat.com O17 - HKLM\System\CS2\Services\Tcpip\Parameters: Domain = yaysat.com O18 - Protocol: qcom - {B8DBD265-42C3-43E6-B439-E968C71984C6} - C:\Program Files\Common Files\Quest Shared\CodeXpert\qcom.dll O22 - SharedTaskScheduler: FencesShellExt - {1984DD45-52CF-49cd-AB77-18F378FEA264} - C:\Program Files\Stardock\Fences\FencesMenu.dll O23 - Service: Andrea ADI Filters Service (AEADIFilters) - Andrea Electronics Corporation - C:\Windows\system32\AEADISRV.EXE O23 - Service: AgentService - Iron Mountain Incorporated - C:\Program Files\Iron Mountain\Connected BackupPC\AgentService.exe O23 - Service: Agere Modem Call Progress Audio (AgereModemAudio) - LSI Corporation - C:\Program Files\LSI SoftModem\agrsmsvc.exe O23 - Service: BMFMySQL - Unknown owner - C:\Program Files\Quest Software\Benchmark Factory for Databases\Repository\MySQL\bin\mysqld-max-nt.exe O23 - Service: Com4QLBEx - Hewlett-Packard Development Company, L.P. - C:\Program Files\Hewlett-Packard\HP Quick Launch Buttons\Com4QLBEx.exe O23 - Service: hpqwmiex - Hewlett-Packard Development Company, L.P. - C:\Program Files\Hewlett-Packard\Shared\hpqwmiex.exe O23 - Service: OfficeScanNT RealTime Scan (ntrtscan) - Trend Micro Inc. - C:\Program Files\Trend Micro\OfficeScan Client\ntrtscan.exe O23 - Service: SMS Task Sequence Agent (smstsmgr) - Unknown owner - C:\Windows\system32\CCM\TSManager.exe O23 - Service: Check Point VPN-1 Securemote service (SR_Service) - Check Point Software Technologies - C:\Program Files\CheckPoint\SecuRemote\bin\SR_Service.exe O23 - Service: Check Point VPN-1 Securemote watchdog (SR_Watchdog) - Check Point Software Technologies - C:\Program Files\CheckPoint\SecuRemote\bin\SR_Watchdog.exe O23 - Service: Trend Micro Unauthorized Change Prevention Service (TMBMServer) - Trend Micro Inc. - C:\Program Files\Trend Micro\OfficeScan Client\..\BM\TMBMSRV.exe O23 - Service: OfficeScan NT Listener (tmlisten) - Trend Micro Inc. - C:\Program Files\Trend Micro\OfficeScan Client\tmlisten.exe O23 - Service: OfficeScan NT Proxy Service (TmProxy) - Trend Micro Inc. - C:\Program Files\Trend Micro\OfficeScan Client\TmProxy.exe O23 - Service: VNC Server Version 4 (WinVNC4) - RealVNC Ltd. - C:\Program Files\RealVNC\VNC4\WinVNC4.exe -- End of file - 8204 bytes As suggested in this very similar question, I have run full scans (+boot time scans) with RegRun and UnHackMe, but they also did not find anything. I have carefully examined all entries in the Event Viewer, but there's nothing wrong. Now I know that there is a hidden trojan (rootkit) on my machine which seems to disguise itself quite successfully. Note that I don't have the chance to remove the HDD, or reinstall the OS as this is a work machine subjected to certain IT policies on a company domain. Despite all my attempts, the problem still remains. I strictly need a to-the-point method or a pukka rootkit remover to remove whatever it is. I don't want to monkey with the system settings, i.e. disabling auto runs one by one, messing the registry, etc. EDIT 2: I have found an article which is closely related to my trouble: Malware can turn off UAC in Windows 7; “By design” says Microsoft. Special thanks(!) to Microsoft. In the article, a VBScript code is given to disable UAC automatically: '// 1337H4x Written by _____________ '// (12 year old) Set WshShell = WScript.CreateObject("WScript.Shell") '// Toggle Start menu WshShell.SendKeys("^{ESC}") WScript.Sleep(500) '// Search for UAC applet WshShell.SendKeys("change uac") WScript.Sleep(2000) '// Open the applet (assuming second result) WshShell.SendKeys("{DOWN}") WshShell.SendKeys("{DOWN}") WshShell.SendKeys("{ENTER}") WScript.Sleep(2000) '// Set UAC level to lowest (assuming out-of-box Default setting) WshShell.SendKeys("{TAB}") WshShell.SendKeys("{DOWN}") WshShell.SendKeys("{DOWN}") WshShell.SendKeys("{DOWN}") '// Save our changes WshShell.SendKeys("{TAB}") WshShell.SendKeys("{ENTER}") '// TODO: Add code to handle installation of rebound '// process to continue exploitation, i.e. place something '// evil in Startup folder '// Reboot the system '// WshShell.Run "shutdown /r /f" Unfortunately, that doesn't tell me how I can get rid of this malicious code running on my system. EDIT 3: Last night, I left the laptop open because of a running SQL task. When I came in the morning, I saw that UAC was turned off. So, I suspect that the problem is not related to startup. It is happening once a day for sure no matter if the machine is rebooted.

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• FreeBSD 8.1 unstable network connection

  - by frankcheong

  I have three FreeBSD 8.1 running on three different hardware and therefore consist of different network adapter as well (bce, bge and igb). I found that the network connection is kind of unstable which I have tried to scp some 10MB file and found that I cannot always get the files completed successfully. I have further checked with my network admin and he claim that the problem is being caused by the network driver which cannot support the load whereby he tried to ping using huge packet size (around 15k) and my server will drop packet consistently at a regular interval. I found that this statement may not be valid since the three server is using three different network drive and it would be quite impossible that the same problem is being caused by three different network adapter and thus different network driver. Since then I have tried to tune up the performance by playing around with the /etc/sysctl.conf figures with no luck. kern.ipc.somaxconn=1024 kern.ipc.shmall=3276800 kern.ipc.shmmax=1638400000 # Security net.inet.ip.redirect=0 net.inet.ip.sourceroute=0 net.inet.ip.accept_sourceroute=0 net.inet.icmp.maskrepl=0 net.inet.icmp.log_redirect=0 net.inet.icmp.drop_redirect=1 net.inet.tcp.drop_synfin=1 # Security net.inet.udp.blackhole=1 net.inet.tcp.blackhole=2 # Required by pf net.inet.ip.forwarding=1 #Network Performance Tuning kern.ipc.maxsockbuf=16777216 net.inet.tcp.rfc1323=1 net.inet.tcp.sendbuf_max=16777216 net.inet.tcp.recvbuf_max=16777216 # Setting specifically for 1 or even 10Gbps network net.local.stream.sendspace=262144 net.local.stream.recvspace=262144 net.inet.tcp.local_slowstart_flightsize=10 net.inet.tcp.nolocaltimewait=1 net.inet.tcp.mssdflt=1460 net.inet.tcp.sendbuf_auto=1 net.inet.tcp.sendbuf_inc=16384 net.inet.tcp.recvbuf_auto=1 net.inet.tcp.recvbuf_inc=524288 net.inet.tcp.sendspace=262144 net.inet.tcp.recvspace=262144 net.inet.udp.recvspace=262144 kern.ipc.maxsockbuf=16777216 kern.ipc.nmbclusters=32768 net.inet.tcp.delayed_ack=1 net.inet.tcp.delacktime=100 net.inet.tcp.slowstart_flightsize=179 net.inet.tcp.inflight.enable=1 net.inet.tcp.inflight.min=6144 # Reduce the cache size of slow start connection net.inet.tcp.hostcache.expire=1 Our network admin also claim that they see quite a lot of network up and down from their cisco switch log while I cannot find any up down message inside the dmesg. Have further checked the netstat -s but dont have concrete idea. tcp: 133695291 packets sent 39408539 data packets (3358837321 bytes) 61868 data packets (89472844 bytes) retransmitted 24 data packets unnecessarily retransmitted 0 resends initiated by MTU discovery 50756141 ack-only packets (2148 delayed) 0 URG only packets 0 window probe packets 4372385 window update packets 39781869 control packets 134898031 packets received 72339403 acks (for 3357601899 bytes) 190712 duplicate acks 0 acks for unsent data 59339201 packets (3647021974 bytes) received in-sequence 114 completely duplicate packets (135202 bytes) 27 old duplicate packets 0 packets with some dup. data (0 bytes duped) 42090 out-of-order packets (60817889 bytes) 0 packets (0 bytes) of data after window 0 window probes 3953896 window update packets 64181 packets received after close 0 discarded for bad checksums 0 discarded for bad header offset fields 0 discarded because packet too short 45192 discarded due to memory problems 19945391 connection requests 1323420 connection accepts 0 bad connection attempts 0 listen queue overflows 0 ignored RSTs in the windows 21133581 connections established (including accepts) 21268724 connections closed (including 32737 drops) 207874 connections updated cached RTT on close 207874 connections updated cached RTT variance on close 132439 connections updated cached ssthresh on close 42392 embryonic connections dropped 72339338 segments updated rtt (of 69477829 attempts) 390871 retransmit timeouts 0 connections dropped by rexmit timeout 0 persist timeouts 0 connections dropped by persist timeout 0 Connections (fin_wait_2) dropped because of timeout 13990 keepalive timeouts 2 keepalive probes sent 13988 connections dropped by keepalive 173044 correct ACK header predictions 36947371 correct data packet header predictions 1323420 syncache entries added 0 retransmitted 0 dupsyn 0 dropped 1323420 completed 0 bucket overflow 0 cache overflow 0 reset 0 stale 0 aborted 0 badack 0 unreach 0 zone failures 1323420 cookies sent 0 cookies received 1864 SACK recovery episodes 18005 segment rexmits in SACK recovery episodes 26066896 byte rexmits in SACK recovery episodes 147327 SACK options (SACK blocks) received 87473 SACK options (SACK blocks) sent 0 SACK scoreboard overflow 0 packets with ECN CE bit set 0 packets with ECN ECT(0) bit set 0 packets with ECN ECT(1) bit set 0 successful ECN handshakes 0 times ECN reduced the congestion window udp: 5141258 datagrams received 0 with incomplete header 0 with bad data length field 0 with bad checksum 1 with no checksum 0 dropped due to no socket 129616 broadcast/multicast datagrams undelivered 0 dropped due to full socket buffers 0 not for hashed pcb 5011642 delivered 5016050 datagrams output 0 times multicast source filter matched sctp: 0 input packets 0 datagrams 0 packets that had data 0 input SACK chunks 0 input DATA chunks 0 duplicate DATA chunks 0 input HB chunks 0 HB-ACK chunks 0 input ECNE chunks 0 input AUTH chunks 0 chunks missing AUTH 0 invalid HMAC ids received 0 invalid secret ids received 0 auth failed 0 fast path receives all one chunk 0 fast path multi-part data 0 output packets 0 output SACKs 0 output DATA chunks 0 retransmitted DATA chunks 0 fast retransmitted DATA chunks 0 FR's that happened more than once to same chunk 0 intput HB chunks 0 output ECNE chunks 0 output AUTH chunks 0 ip_output error counter Packet drop statistics: 0 from middle box 0 from end host 0 with data 0 non-data, non-endhost 0 non-endhost, bandwidth rep only 0 not enough for chunk header 0 not enough data to confirm 0 where process_chunk_drop said break 0 failed to find TSN 0 attempt reverse TSN lookup 0 e-host confirms zero-rwnd 0 midbox confirms no space 0 data did not match TSN 0 TSN's marked for Fast Retran Timeouts: 0 iterator timers fired 0 T3 data time outs 0 window probe (T3) timers fired 0 INIT timers fired 0 sack timers fired 0 shutdown timers fired 0 heartbeat timers fired 0 a cookie timeout fired 0 an endpoint changed its cookiesecret 0 PMTU timers fired 0 shutdown ack timers fired 0 shutdown guard timers fired 0 stream reset timers fired 0 early FR timers fired 0 an asconf timer fired 0 auto close timer fired 0 asoc free timers expired 0 inp free timers expired 0 packet shorter than header 0 checksum error 0 no endpoint for port 0 bad v-tag 0 bad SID 0 no memory 0 number of multiple FR in a RTT window 0 RFC813 allowed sending 0 RFC813 does not allow sending 0 times max burst prohibited sending 0 look ahead tells us no memory in interface 0 numbers of window probes sent 0 times an output error to clamp down on next user send 0 times sctp_senderrors were caused from a user 0 number of in data drops due to chunk limit reached 0 number of in data drops due to rwnd limit reached 0 times a ECN reduced the cwnd 0 used express lookup via vtag 0 collision in express lookup 0 times the sender ran dry of user data on primary 0 same for above 0 sacks the slow way 0 window update only sacks sent 0 sends with sinfo_flags !=0 0 unordered sends 0 sends with EOF flag set 0 sends with ABORT flag set 0 times protocol drain called 0 times we did a protocol drain 0 times recv was called with peek 0 cached chunks used 0 cached stream oq's used 0 unread messages abandonded by close 0 send burst avoidance, already max burst inflight to net 0 send cwnd full avoidance, already max burst inflight to net 0 number of map array over-runs via fwd-tsn's ip: 137814085 total packets received 0 bad header checksums 0 with size smaller than minimum 0 with data size < data length 0 with ip length > max ip packet size 0 with header length < data size 0 with data length < header length 0 with bad options 0 with incorrect version number 1200 fragments received 0 fragments dropped (dup or out of space) 0 fragments dropped after timeout 300 packets reassembled ok 137813009 packets for this host 530 packets for unknown/unsupported protocol 0 packets forwarded (0 packets fast forwarded) 61 packets not forwardable 0 packets received for unknown multicast group 0 redirects sent 137234598 packets sent from this host 0 packets sent with fabricated ip header 685307 output packets dropped due to no bufs, etc. 52 output packets discarded due to no route 300 output datagrams fragmented 1200 fragments created 0 datagrams that can't be fragmented 0 tunneling packets that can't find gif 0 datagrams with bad address in header icmp: 0 calls to icmp_error 0 errors not generated in response to an icmp message Output histogram: echo reply: 305 0 messages with bad code fields 0 messages less than the minimum length 0 messages with bad checksum 0 messages with bad length 0 multicast echo requests ignored 0 multicast timestamp requests ignored Input histogram: destination unreachable: 530 echo: 305 305 message responses generated 0 invalid return addresses 0 no return routes ICMP address mask responses are disabled igmp: 0 messages received 0 messages received with too few bytes 0 messages received with wrong TTL 0 messages received with bad checksum 0 V1/V2 membership queries received 0 V3 membership queries received 0 membership queries received with invalid field(s) 0 general queries received 0 group queries received 0 group-source queries received 0 group-source queries dropped 0 membership reports received 0 membership reports received with invalid field(s) 0 membership reports received for groups to which we belong 0 V3 reports received without Router Alert 0 membership reports sent arp: 376748 ARP requests sent 3207 ARP replies sent 245245 ARP requests received 80845 ARP replies received 326090 ARP packets received 267712 total packets dropped due to no ARP entry 108876 ARP entrys timed out 0 Duplicate IPs seen ip6: 2226633 total packets received 0 with size smaller than minimum 0 with data size < data length 0 with bad options 0 with incorrect version number 0 fragments received 0 fragments dropped (dup or out of space) 0 fragments dropped after timeout 0 fragments that exceeded limit 0 packets reassembled ok 2226633 packets for this host 0 packets forwarded 0 packets not forwardable 0 redirects sent 2226633 packets sent from this host 0 packets sent with fabricated ip header 0 output packets dropped due to no bufs, etc. 8 output packets discarded due to no route 0 output datagrams fragmented 0 fragments created 0 datagrams that can't be fragmented 0 packets that violated scope rules 0 multicast packets which we don't join Input histogram: UDP: 2226633 Mbuf statistics: 962679 one mbuf 1263954 one ext mbuf 0 two or more ext mbuf 0 packets whose headers are not continuous 0 tunneling packets that can't find gif 0 packets discarded because of too many headers 0 failures of source address selection Source addresses selection rule applied: icmp6: 0 calls to icmp6_error 0 errors not generated in response to an icmp6 message 0 errors not generated because of rate limitation 0 messages with bad code fields 0 messages < minimum length 0 bad checksums 0 messages with bad length Histogram of error messages to be generated: 0 no route 0 administratively prohibited 0 beyond scope 0 address unreachable 0 port unreachable 0 packet too big 0 time exceed transit 0 time exceed reassembly 0 erroneous header field 0 unrecognized next header 0 unrecognized option 0 redirect 0 unknown 0 message responses generated 0 messages with too many ND options 0 messages with bad ND options 0 bad neighbor solicitation messages 0 bad neighbor advertisement messages 0 bad router solicitation messages 0 bad router advertisement messages 0 bad redirect messages 0 path MTU changes rip6: 0 messages received 0 checksum calculations on inbound 0 messages with bad checksum 0 messages dropped due to no socket 0 multicast messages dropped due to no socket 0 messages dropped due to full socket buffers 0 delivered 0 datagrams output netstat -m 516/5124/5640 mbufs in use (current/cache/total) 512/1634/2146/32768 mbuf clusters in use (current/cache/total/max) 512/1536 mbuf+clusters out of packet secondary zone in use (current/cache) 0/1303/1303/12800 4k (page size) jumbo clusters in use (current/cache/total/max) 0/0/0/6400 9k jumbo clusters in use (current/cache/total/max) 0/0/0/3200 16k jumbo clusters in use (current/cache/total/max) 1153K/9761K/10914K bytes allocated to network (current/cache/total) 0/0/0 requests for mbufs denied (mbufs/clusters/mbuf+clusters) 0/0/0 requests for jumbo clusters denied (4k/9k/16k) 0/8/6656 sfbufs in use (current/peak/max) 0 requests for sfbufs denied 0 requests for sfbufs delayed 0 requests for I/O initiated by sendfile 0 calls to protocol drain routines Anyone got an idea what might be the possible cause?

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• Custom ASP.NET Routing to an HttpHandler

  - by Rick Strahl

  As of version 4.0 ASP.NET natively supports routing via the now built-in System.Web.Routing namespace. Routing features are automatically integrated into the HtttpRuntime via a few custom interfaces. New Web Forms Routing Support In ASP.NET 4.0 there are a host of improvements including routing support baked into Web Forms via a RouteData property available on the Page class and RouteCollection.MapPageRoute() route handler that makes it easy to route to Web forms. To map ASP.NET Page routes is as simple as setting up the routes with MapPageRoute:protected void Application_Start(object sender, EventArgs e) { RegisterRoutes(RouteTable.Routes); } void RegisterRoutes(RouteCollection routes) { routes.MapPageRoute("StockQuote", "StockQuote/{symbol}", "StockQuote.aspx"); routes.MapPageRoute("StockQuotes", "StockQuotes/{symbolList}", "StockQuotes.aspx"); } and then accessing the route data in the page you can then use the new Page class RouteData property to retrieve the dynamic route data information:public partial class StockQuote1 : System.Web.UI.Page { protected StockQuote Quote = null; protected void Page_Load(object sender, EventArgs e) { string symbol = RouteData.Values["symbol"] as string; StockServer server = new StockServer(); Quote = server.GetStockQuote(symbol); // display stock data in Page View } } Simple, quick and doesn’t require much explanation. If you’re using WebForms most of your routing needs should be served just fine by this simple mechanism. Kudos to the ASP.NET team for putting this in the box and making it easy! How Routing Works To handle Routing in ASP.NET involves these steps: Registering Routes Creating a custom RouteHandler to retrieve an HttpHandler Attaching RouteData to your HttpHandler Picking up Route Information in your Request code Registering routes makes ASP.NET aware of the Routes you want to handle via the static RouteTable.Routes collection. You basically add routes to this collection to let ASP.NET know which URL patterns it should watch for. You typically hook up routes off a RegisterRoutes method that fires in Application_Start as I did in the example above to ensure routes are added only once when the application first starts up. When you create a route, you pass in a RouteHandler instance which ASP.NET caches and reuses as routes are matched. Once registered ASP.NET monitors the routes and if a match is found just prior to the HttpHandler instantiation, ASP.NET uses the RouteHandler registered for the route and calls GetHandler() on it to retrieve an HttpHandler instance. The RouteHandler.GetHandler() method is responsible for creating an instance of an HttpHandler that is to handle the request and – if necessary – to assign any additional custom data to the handler. At minimum you probably want to pass the RouteData to the handler so the handler can identify the request based on the route data available. To do this you typically add  a RouteData property to your handler and then assign the property from the RouteHandlers request context. This is essentially how Page.RouteData comes into being and this approach should work well for any custom handler implementation that requires RouteData. It’s a shame that ASP.NET doesn’t have a top level intrinsic object that’s accessible off the HttpContext object to provide route data more generically, but since RouteData is directly tied to HttpHandlers and not all handlers support it it might cause some confusion of when it’s actually available. Bottom line is that if you want to hold on to RouteData you have to assign it to a custom property of the handler or else pass it to the handler via Context.Items[] object that can be retrieved on an as needed basis. It’s important to understand that routing is hooked up via RouteHandlers that are responsible for loading HttpHandler instances. RouteHandlers are invoked for every request that matches a route and through this RouteHandler instance the Handler gains access to the current RouteData. Because of this logic it’s important to understand that Routing is really tied to HttpHandlers and not available prior to handler instantiation, which is pretty late in the HttpRuntime’s request pipeline. IOW, Routing works with Handlers but not with earlier in the pipeline within Modules. Specifically ASP.NET calls RouteHandler.GetHandler() from the PostResolveRequestCache HttpRuntime pipeline event. Here’s the call stack at the beginning of the GetHandler() call: which fires just before handler resolution. Non-Page Routing – You need to build custom RouteHandlers If you need to route to a custom Http Handler or other non-Page (and non-MVC) endpoint in the HttpRuntime, there is no generic mapping support available. You need to create a custom RouteHandler that can manage creating an instance of an HttpHandler that is fired in response to a routed request. Depending on what you are doing this process can be simple or fairly involved as your code is responsible based on the route data provided which handler to instantiate, and more importantly how to pass the route data on to the Handler. Luckily creating a RouteHandler is easy by implementing the IRouteHandler interface which has only a single GetHttpHandler(RequestContext context) method. In this method you can pick up the requestContext.RouteData, instantiate the HttpHandler of choice, and assign the RouteData to it. Then pass back the handler and you’re done.Here’s a simple example of GetHttpHandler() method that dynamically creates a handler based on a passed in Handler type./// <summary> /// Retrieves an Http Handler based on the type specified in the constructor /// </summary> /// <param name="requestContext"></param> /// <returns></returns> IHttpHandler IRouteHandler.GetHttpHandler(RequestContext requestContext) { IHttpHandler handler = Activator.CreateInstance(CallbackHandlerType) as IHttpHandler; // If we're dealing with a Callback Handler // pass the RouteData for this route to the Handler if (handler is CallbackHandler) ((CallbackHandler)handler).RouteData = requestContext.RouteData; return handler; } Note that this code checks for a specific type of handler and if it matches assigns the RouteData to this handler. This is optional but quite a common scenario if you want to work with RouteData. If the handler you need to instantiate isn’t under your control but you still need to pass RouteData to Handler code, an alternative is to pass the RouteData via the HttpContext.Items collection:IHttpHandler IRouteHandler.GetHttpHandler(RequestContext requestContext) { IHttpHandler handler = Activator.CreateInstance(CallbackHandlerType) as IHttpHandler; requestContext.HttpContext.Items["RouteData"] = requestContext.RouteData; return handler; } The code in the handler implementation can then pick up the RouteData from the context collection as needed:RouteData routeData = HttpContext.Current.Items["RouteData"] as RouteData This isn’t as clean as having an explicit RouteData property, but it does have the advantage that the route data is visible anywhere in the Handler’s code chain. It’s definitely preferable to create a custom property on your handler, but the Context work-around works in a pinch when you don’t’ own the handler code and have dynamic code executing as part of the handler execution. An Example of a Custom RouteHandler: Attribute Based Route Implementation In this post I’m going to discuss a custom routine implementation I built for my CallbackHandler class in the West Wind Web & Ajax Toolkit. CallbackHandler can be very easily used for creating AJAX, REST and POX requests following RPC style method mapping. You can pass parameters via URL query string, POST data or raw data structures, and you can retrieve results as JSON, XML or raw string/binary data. It’s a quick and easy way to build service interfaces with no fuss. As a quick review here’s how CallbackHandler works: You create an Http Handler that derives from CallbackHandler You implement methods that have a [CallbackMethod] Attribute and that’s it. Here’s an example of an CallbackHandler implementation in an ashx.cs based handler:// RestService.ashx.cs public class RestService : CallbackHandler { [CallbackMethod] public StockQuote GetStockQuote(string symbol) { StockServer server = new StockServer(); return server.GetStockQuote(symbol); } [CallbackMethod] public StockQuote[] GetStockQuotes(string symbolList) { StockServer server = new StockServer(); string[] symbols = symbolList.Split(new char[2] { ',',';' },StringSplitOptions.RemoveEmptyEntries); return server.GetStockQuotes(symbols); } } CallbackHandler makes it super easy to create a method on the server, pass data to it via POST, QueryString or raw JSON/XML data, and then retrieve the results easily back in various formats. This works wonderful and I’ve used these tools in many projects for myself and with clients. But one thing missing has been the ability to create clean URLs. Typical URLs looked like this: http://www.west-wind.com/WestwindWebToolkit/samples/Rest/StockService.ashx?Method=GetStockQuote&symbol=msfthttp://www.west-wind.com/WestwindWebToolkit/samples/Rest/StockService.ashx?Method=GetStockQuotes&symbolList=msft,intc,gld,slw,mwe&format=xml which works and is clear enough, but also clearly very ugly. It would be much nicer if URLs could look like this: http://www.west-wind.com//WestwindWebtoolkit/Samples/StockQuote/msfthttp://www.west-wind.com/WestwindWebtoolkit/Samples/StockQuotes/msft,intc,gld,slw?format=xml (the Virtual Root in this sample is WestWindWebToolkit/Samples and StockQuote/{symbol} is the route)(If you use FireFox try using the JSONView plug-in make it easier to view JSON content) So, taking a clue from the WCF REST tools that use RouteUrls I set out to create a way to specify RouteUrls for each of the endpoints. The change made basically allows changing the above to: [CallbackMethod(RouteUrl="RestService/StockQuote/{symbol}")] public StockQuote GetStockQuote(string symbol) { StockServer server = new StockServer(); return server.GetStockQuote(symbol); } [CallbackMethod(RouteUrl = "RestService/StockQuotes/{symbolList}")] public StockQuote[] GetStockQuotes(string symbolList) { StockServer server = new StockServer(); string[] symbols = symbolList.Split(new char[2] { ',',';' },StringSplitOptions.RemoveEmptyEntries); return server.GetStockQuotes(symbols); } where a RouteUrl is specified as part of the Callback attribute. And with the changes made with RouteUrls I can now get URLs like the second set shown earlier. So how does that work? Let’s find out… How to Create Custom Routes As mentioned earlier Routing is made up of several steps: Creating a custom RouteHandler to create HttpHandler instances Mapping the actual Routes to the RouteHandler Retrieving the RouteData and actually doing something useful with it in the HttpHandler In the CallbackHandler routing example above this works out to something like this: Create a custom RouteHandler that includes a property to track the method to call Set up the routes using Reflection against the class Looking for any RouteUrls in the CallbackMethod attribute Add a RouteData property to the CallbackHandler so we can access the RouteData in the code of the handler Creating a Custom Route Handler To make the above work I created a custom RouteHandler class that includes the actual IRouteHandler implementation as well as a generic and static method to automatically register all routes marked with the [CallbackMethod(RouteUrl="…")] attribute. Here’s the code:/// <summary> /// Route handler that can create instances of CallbackHandler derived /// callback classes. The route handler tracks the method name and /// creates an instance of the service in a predictable manner /// </summary> /// <typeparam name="TCallbackHandler">CallbackHandler type</typeparam> public class CallbackHandlerRouteHandler : IRouteHandler { /// <summary> /// Method name that is to be called on this route. /// Set by the automatically generated RegisterRoutes /// invokation. /// </summary> public string MethodName { get; set; } /// <summary> /// The type of the handler we're going to instantiate. /// Needed so we can semi-generically instantiate the /// handler and call the method on it. /// </summary> public Type CallbackHandlerType { get; set; } /// <summary> /// Constructor to pass in the two required components we /// need to create an instance of our handler. /// </summary> /// <param name="methodName"></param> /// <param name="callbackHandlerType"></param> public CallbackHandlerRouteHandler(string methodName, Type callbackHandlerType) { MethodName = methodName; CallbackHandlerType = callbackHandlerType; } /// <summary> /// Retrieves an Http Handler based on the type specified in the constructor /// </summary> /// <param name="requestContext"></param> /// <returns></returns> IHttpHandler IRouteHandler.GetHttpHandler(RequestContext requestContext) { IHttpHandler handler = Activator.CreateInstance(CallbackHandlerType) as IHttpHandler; // If we're dealing with a Callback Handler // pass the RouteData for this route to the Handler if (handler is CallbackHandler) ((CallbackHandler)handler).RouteData = requestContext.RouteData; return handler; } /// <summary> /// Generic method to register all routes from a CallbackHandler /// that have RouteUrls defined on the [CallbackMethod] attribute /// </summary> /// <typeparam name="TCallbackHandler">CallbackHandler Type</typeparam> /// <param name="routes"></param> public static void RegisterRoutes<TCallbackHandler>(RouteCollection routes) { // find all methods var methods = typeof(TCallbackHandler).GetMethods(BindingFlags.Instance | BindingFlags.Public); foreach (var method in methods) { var attrs = method.GetCustomAttributes(typeof(CallbackMethodAttribute), false); if (attrs.Length < 1) continue; CallbackMethodAttribute attr = attrs[0] as CallbackMethodAttribute; if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(attr.RouteUrl)) continue; // Add the route routes.Add(method.Name, new Route(attr.RouteUrl, new CallbackHandlerRouteHandler(method.Name, typeof(TCallbackHandler)))); } } } The RouteHandler implements IRouteHandler, and its responsibility via the GetHandler method is to create an HttpHandler based on the route data. When ASP.NET calls GetHandler it passes a requestContext parameter which includes a requestContext.RouteData property. This parameter holds the current request’s route data as well as an instance of the current RouteHandler. If you look at GetHttpHandler() you can see that the code creates an instance of the handler we are interested in and then sets the RouteData property on the handler. This is how you can pass the current request’s RouteData to the handler. The RouteData object also has a  RouteData.RouteHandler property that is also available to the Handler later, which is useful in order to get additional information about the current route. In our case here the RouteHandler includes a MethodName property that identifies the method to execute in the handler since that value no longer comes from the URL so we need to figure out the method name some other way. The method name is mapped explicitly when the RouteHandler is created and here the static method that auto-registers all CallbackMethods with RouteUrls sets the method name when it creates the routes while reflecting over the methods (more on this in a minute). The important point here is that you can attach additional properties to the RouteHandler and you can then later access the RouteHandler and its properties later in the Handler to pick up these custom values. This is a crucial feature in that the RouteHandler serves in passing additional context to the handler so it knows what actions to perform. The automatic route registration is handled by the static RegisterRoutes<TCallbackHandler> method. This method is generic and totally reusable for any CallbackHandler type handler. To register a CallbackHandler and any RouteUrls it has defined you simple use code like this in Application_Start (or other application startup code):protected void Application_Start(object sender, EventArgs e) { // Register Routes for RestService CallbackHandlerRouteHandler.RegisterRoutes<RestService>(RouteTable.Routes); } If you have multiple CallbackHandler style services you can make multiple calls to RegisterRoutes for each of the service types. RegisterRoutes internally uses reflection to run through all the methods of the Handler, looking for CallbackMethod attributes and whether a RouteUrl is specified. If it is a new instance of a CallbackHandlerRouteHandler is created and the name of the method and the type are set. routes.Add(method.Name,           new Route(attr.RouteUrl, new CallbackHandlerRouteHandler(method.Name, typeof(TCallbackHandler) )) ); While the routing with CallbackHandlerRouteHandler is set up automatically for all methods that use the RouteUrl attribute, you can also use code to hook up those routes manually and skip using the attribute. The code for this is straightforward and just requires that you manually map each individual route to each method you want a routed: protected void Application_Start(objectsender, EventArgs e){    RegisterRoutes(RouteTable.Routes);}void RegisterRoutes(RouteCollection routes) { routes.Add("StockQuote Route",new Route("StockQuote/{symbol}",                     new CallbackHandlerRouteHandler("GetStockQuote",typeof(RestService) ) ) );     routes.Add("StockQuotes Route",new Route("StockQuotes/{symbolList}",                     new CallbackHandlerRouteHandler("GetStockQuotes",typeof(RestService) ) ) );}I think it’s clearly easier to have CallbackHandlerRouteHandler.RegisterRoutes() do this automatically for you based on RouteUrl attributes, but some people have a real aversion to attaching logic via attributes. Just realize that the option to manually create your routes is available as well. Using the RouteData in the Handler A RouteHandler’s responsibility is to create an HttpHandler and as mentioned earlier, natively IHttpHandler doesn’t have any support for RouteData. In order to utilize RouteData in your handler code you have to pass the RouteData to the handler. In my CallbackHandlerRouteHandler when it creates the HttpHandler instance it creates the instance and then assigns the custom RouteData property on the handler:IHttpHandler handler = Activator.CreateInstance(CallbackHandlerType) as IHttpHandler; if (handler is CallbackHandler) ((CallbackHandler)handler).RouteData = requestContext.RouteData; return handler; Again this only works if you actually add a RouteData property to your handler explicitly as I did in my CallbackHandler implementation:/// <summary> /// Optionally store RouteData on this handler /// so we can access it internally /// </summary> public RouteData RouteData {get; set; } and the RouteHandler needs to set it when it creates the handler instance. Once you have the route data in your handler you can access Route Keys and Values and also the RouteHandler. Since my RouteHandler has a custom property for the MethodName to retrieve it from within the handler I can do something like this now to retrieve the MethodName (this example is actually not in the handler but target is an instance pass to the processor): // check for Route Data method name if (target is CallbackHandler) { var routeData = ((CallbackHandler)target).RouteData; if (routeData != null) methodToCall = ((CallbackHandlerRouteHandler)routeData.RouteHandler).MethodName; } When I need to access the dynamic values in the route ( symbol in StockQuote/{symbol}) I can retrieve it easily with the Values collection (RouteData.Values["symbol"]). In my CallbackHandler processing logic I’m basically looking for matching parameter names to Route parameters: // look for parameters in the routeif(routeData != null){    string parmString = routeData.Values[parameter.Name] as string;    adjustedParms[parmCounter] = ReflectionUtils.StringToTypedValue(parmString, parameter.ParameterType);} And with that we’ve come full circle. We’ve created a custom RouteHandler() that passes the RouteData to the handler it creates. We’ve registered our routes to use the RouteHandler, and we’ve utilized the route data in our handler. For completeness sake here’s the routine that executes a method call based on the parameters passed in and one of the options is to retrieve the inbound parameters off RouteData (as well as from POST data or QueryString parameters):internal object ExecuteMethod(string method, object target, string[] parameters, CallbackMethodParameterType paramType, ref CallbackMethodAttribute callbackMethodAttribute) { HttpRequest Request = HttpContext.Current.Request; object Result = null; // Stores parsed parameters (from string JSON or QUeryString Values) object[] adjustedParms = null; Type PageType = target.GetType(); MethodInfo MI = PageType.GetMethod(method, BindingFlags.Instance | BindingFlags.Public | BindingFlags.NonPublic); if (MI == null) throw new InvalidOperationException("Invalid Server Method."); object[] methods = MI.GetCustomAttributes(typeof(CallbackMethodAttribute), false); if (methods.Length < 1) throw new InvalidOperationException("Server method is not accessible due to missing CallbackMethod attribute"); if (callbackMethodAttribute != null) callbackMethodAttribute = methods[0] as CallbackMethodAttribute; ParameterInfo[] parms = MI.GetParameters(); JSONSerializer serializer = new JSONSerializer(); RouteData routeData = null; if (target is CallbackHandler) routeData = ((CallbackHandler)target).RouteData; int parmCounter = 0; adjustedParms = new object[parms.Length]; foreach (ParameterInfo parameter in parms) { // Retrieve parameters out of QueryString or POST buffer if (parameters == null) { // look for parameters in the route if (routeData != null) { string parmString = routeData.Values[parameter.Name] as string; adjustedParms[parmCounter] = ReflectionUtils.StringToTypedValue(parmString, parameter.ParameterType); } // GET parameter are parsed as plain string values - no JSON encoding else if (HttpContext.Current.Request.HttpMethod == "GET") { // Look up the parameter by name string parmString = Request.QueryString[parameter.Name]; adjustedParms[parmCounter] = ReflectionUtils.StringToTypedValue(parmString, parameter.ParameterType); } // POST parameters are treated as methodParameters that are JSON encoded else if (paramType == CallbackMethodParameterType.Json) //string newVariable = methodParameters.GetValue(parmCounter) as string; adjustedParms[parmCounter] = serializer.Deserialize(Request.Params["parm" + (parmCounter + 1).ToString()], parameter.ParameterType); else adjustedParms[parmCounter] = SerializationUtils.DeSerializeObject( Request.Params["parm" + (parmCounter + 1).ToString()], parameter.ParameterType); } else if (paramType == CallbackMethodParameterType.Json) adjustedParms[parmCounter] = serializer.Deserialize(parameters[parmCounter], parameter.ParameterType); else adjustedParms[parmCounter] = SerializationUtils.DeSerializeObject(parameters[parmCounter], parameter.ParameterType); parmCounter++; } Result = MI.Invoke(target, adjustedParms); return Result; } The code basically uses Reflection to loop through all the parameters available on the method and tries to assign the parameters from RouteData, QueryString or POST variables. The parameters are converted into their appropriate types and then used to eventually make a Reflection based method call. What’s sweet is that the RouteData retrieval is just another option for dealing with the inbound data in this scenario and it adds exactly two lines of code plus the code to retrieve the MethodName I showed previously – a seriously low impact addition that adds a lot of extra value to this endpoint callback processing implementation. Debugging your Routes If you create a lot of routes it’s easy to run into Route conflicts where multiple routes have the same path and overlap with each other. This can be difficult to debug especially if you are using automatically generated routes like the routes created by CallbackHandlerRouteHandler.RegisterRoutes. Luckily there’s a tool that can help you out with this nicely. Phill Haack created a RouteDebugging tool you can download and add to your project. The easiest way to do this is to grab and add this to your project is to use NuGet (Add Library Package from your Project’s Reference Nodes):   which adds a RouteDebug assembly to your project. Once installed you can easily debug your routes with this simple line of code which needs to be installed at application startup:protected void Application_Start(object sender, EventArgs e) { CallbackHandlerRouteHandler.RegisterRoutes<StockService>(RouteTable.Routes); // Debug your routes RouteDebug.RouteDebugger.RewriteRoutesForTesting(RouteTable.Routes); } Any routed URL then displays something like this: The screen shows you your current route data and all the routes that are mapped along with a flag that displays which route was actually matched. This is useful – if you have any overlap of routes you will be able to see which routes are triggered – the first one in the sequence wins. This tool has saved my ass on a few occasions – and with NuGet now it’s easy to add it to your project in a few seconds and then remove it when you’re done. Routing Around Custom routing seems slightly complicated on first blush due to its disconnected components of RouteHandler, route registration and mapping of custom handlers. But once you understand the relationship between a RouteHandler, the RouteData and how to pass it to a handler, utilizing of Routing becomes a lot easier as you can easily pass context from the registration to the RouteHandler and through to the HttpHandler. The most important thing to understand when building custom routing solutions is to figure out how to map URLs in such a way that the handler can figure out all the pieces it needs to process the request. This can be via URL routing parameters and as I did in my example by passing additional context information as part of the RouteHandler instance that provides the proper execution context. In my case this ‘context’ was the method name, but it could be an actual static value like an enum identifying an operation or category in an application. Basically user supplied data comes in through the url and static application internal data can be passed via RouteHandler property values. Routing can make your application URLs easier to read by non-techie types regardless of whether you’re building Service type or REST applications, or full on Web interfaces. Routing in ASP.NET 4.0 makes it possible to create just about any extensionless URLs you can dream up and custom RouteHanmdler References Sample ProjectIncludes the sample CallbackHandler service discussed here along with compiled versionsof the Westwind.Web and Westwind.Utilities assemblies.  (requires .NET 4.0/VS 2010) West Wind Web Toolkit includes full implementation of CallbackHandler and the Routing Handler West Wind Web Toolkit Source CodeContains the full source code to the Westwind.Web and Westwind.Utilities assemblies usedin these samples. Includes the source described in the post.(Latest build in the Subversion Repository) CallbackHandler Source(Relevant code to this article tree in Westwind.Web assembly) JSONView FireFoxPluginA simple FireFox Plugin to easily view JSON data natively in FireFox.For IE you can use a registry hack to display JSON as raw text.© Rick Strahl, West Wind Technologies, 2005-2011Posted in ASP.NET  AJAX  HTTP  

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• How LINQ to Object statements work

  - by rajbk

  This post goes into detail as to now LINQ statements work when querying a collection of objects. This topic assumes you have an understanding of how generics, delegates, implicitly typed variables, lambda expressions, object/collection initializers, extension methods and the yield statement work. I would also recommend you read my previous two posts: Using Delegates in C# Part 1 Using Delegates in C# Part 2 We will start by writing some methods to filter a collection of data. Assume we have an Employee class like so: 1: public class Employee { 2: public int ID { get; set;} 3: public string FirstName { get; set;} 4: public string LastName {get; set;} 5: public string Country { get; set; } 6: } and a collection of employees like so: 1: var employees = new List<Employee> { 2: new Employee { ID = 1, FirstName = "John", LastName = "Wright", Country = "USA" }, 3: new Employee { ID = 2, FirstName = "Jim", LastName = "Ashlock", Country = "UK" }, 4: new Employee { ID = 3, FirstName = "Jane", LastName = "Jackson", Country = "CHE" }, 5: new Employee { ID = 4, FirstName = "Jill", LastName = "Anderson", Country = "AUS" }, 6: }; Filtering We wish to  find all employees that have an even ID. We could start off by writing a method that takes in a list of employees and returns a filtered list of employees with an even ID. 1: static List<Employee> GetEmployeesWithEvenID(List<Employee> employees) { 2: var filteredEmployees = new List<Employee>(); 3: foreach (Employee emp in employees) { 4: if (emp.ID % 2 == 0) { 5: filteredEmployees.Add(emp); 6: } 7: } 8: return filteredEmployees; 9: } The method can be rewritten to return an IEnumerable<Employee> using the yield return keyword. 1: static IEnumerable<Employee> GetEmployeesWithEvenID(IEnumerable<Employee> employees) { 2: foreach (Employee emp in employees) { 3: if (emp.ID % 2 == 0) { 4: yield return emp; 5: } 6: } 7: } We put these together in a console application. 1: using System; 2: using System.Collections.Generic; 3: //No System.Linq 4:  5: public class Program 6: { 7: [STAThread] 8: static void Main(string[] args) 9: { 10: var employees = new List<Employee> { 11: new Employee { ID = 1, FirstName = "John", LastName = "Wright", Country = "USA" }, 12: new Employee { ID = 2, FirstName = "Jim", LastName = "Ashlock", Country = "UK" }, 13: new Employee { ID = 3, FirstName = "Jane", LastName = "Jackson", Country = "CHE" }, 14: new Employee { ID = 4, FirstName = "Jill", LastName = "Anderson", Country = "AUS" }, 15: }; 16: var filteredEmployees = GetEmployeesWithEvenID(employees); 17:  18: foreach (Employee emp in filteredEmployees) { 19: Console.WriteLine("ID {0} First_Name {1} Last_Name {2} Country {3}", 20: emp.ID, emp.FirstName, emp.LastName, emp.Country); 21: } 22:  23: Console.ReadLine(); 24: } 25: 26: static IEnumerable<Employee> GetEmployeesWithEvenID(IEnumerable<Employee> employees) { 27: foreach (Employee emp in employees) { 28: if (emp.ID % 2 == 0) { 29: yield return emp; 30: } 31: } 32: } 33: } 34:  35: public class Employee { 36: public int ID { get; set;} 37: public string FirstName { get; set;} 38: public string LastName {get; set;} 39: public string Country { get; set; } 40: } Output: ID 2 First_Name Jim Last_Name Ashlock Country UK ID 4 First_Name Jill Last_Name Anderson Country AUS Our filtering method is too specific. Let us change it so that it is capable of doing different types of filtering and lets give our method the name Where ;-) We will add another parameter to our Where method. This additional parameter will be a delegate with the following declaration. public delegate bool Filter(Employee emp); The idea is that the delegate parameter in our Where method will point to a method that contains the logic to do our filtering thereby freeing our Where method from any dependency. The method is shown below: 1: static IEnumerable<Employee> Where(IEnumerable<Employee> employees, Filter filter) { 2: foreach (Employee emp in employees) { 3: if (filter(emp)) { 4: yield return emp; 5: } 6: } 7: } Making the change to our app, we create a new instance of the Filter delegate on line 14 with a target set to the method EmployeeHasEvenId. Running the code will produce the same output. 1: public delegate bool Filter(Employee emp); 2:  3: public class Program 4: { 5: [STAThread] 6: static void Main(string[] args) 7: { 8: var employees = new List<Employee> { 9: new Employee { ID = 1, FirstName = "John", LastName = "Wright", Country = "USA" }, 10: new Employee { ID = 2, FirstName = "Jim", LastName = "Ashlock", Country = "UK" }, 11: new Employee { ID = 3, FirstName = "Jane", LastName = "Jackson", Country = "CHE" }, 12: new Employee { ID = 4, FirstName = "Jill", LastName = "Anderson", Country = "AUS" } 13: }; 14: var filterDelegate = new Filter(EmployeeHasEvenId); 15: var filteredEmployees = Where(employees, filterDelegate); 16:  17: foreach (Employee emp in filteredEmployees) { 18: Console.WriteLine("ID {0} First_Name {1} Last_Name {2} Country {3}", 19: emp.ID, emp.FirstName, emp.LastName, emp.Country); 20: } 21: Console.ReadLine(); 22: } 23: 24: static bool EmployeeHasEvenId(Employee emp) { 25: return emp.ID % 2 == 0; 26: } 27: 28: static IEnumerable<Employee> Where(IEnumerable<Employee> employees, Filter filter) { 29: foreach (Employee emp in employees) { 30: if (filter(emp)) { 31: yield return emp; 32: } 33: } 34: } 35: } 36:  37: public class Employee { 38: public int ID { get; set;} 39: public string FirstName { get; set;} 40: public string LastName {get; set;} 41: public string Country { get; set; } 42: } Lets use lambda expressions to inline the contents of the EmployeeHasEvenId method in place of the method. The next code snippet shows this change (see line 15).  For brevity, the Employee class declaration has been skipped. 1: public delegate bool Filter(Employee emp); 2:  3: public class Program 4: { 5: [STAThread] 6: static void Main(string[] args) 7: { 8: var employees = new List<Employee> { 9: new Employee { ID = 1, FirstName = "John", LastName = "Wright", Country = "USA" }, 10: new Employee { ID = 2, FirstName = "Jim", LastName = "Ashlock", Country = "UK" }, 11: new Employee { ID = 3, FirstName = "Jane", LastName = "Jackson", Country = "CHE" }, 12: new Employee { ID = 4, FirstName = "Jill", LastName = "Anderson", Country = "AUS" } 13: }; 14: var filterDelegate = new Filter(EmployeeHasEvenId); 15: var filteredEmployees = Where(employees, emp => emp.ID % 2 == 0); 16:  17: foreach (Employee emp in filteredEmployees) { 18: Console.WriteLine("ID {0} First_Name {1} Last_Name {2} Country {3}", 19: emp.ID, emp.FirstName, emp.LastName, emp.Country); 20: } 21: Console.ReadLine(); 22: } 23: 24: static bool EmployeeHasEvenId(Employee emp) { 25: return emp.ID % 2 == 0; 26: } 27: 28: static IEnumerable<Employee> Where(IEnumerable<Employee> employees, Filter filter) { 29: foreach (Employee emp in employees) { 30: if (filter(emp)) { 31: yield return emp; 32: } 33: } 34: } 35: } 36:  The output displays the same two employees.  Our Where method is too restricted since it works with a collection of Employees only. Lets change it so that it works with any IEnumerable<T>. In addition, you may recall from my previous post,  that .NET 3.5 comes with a lot of predefined delegates including public delegate TResult Func<T, TResult>(T arg); We will get rid of our Filter delegate and use the one above instead. We apply these two changes to our code. 1: public class Program 2: { 3: [STAThread] 4: static void Main(string[] args) 5: { 6: var employees = new List<Employee> { 7: new Employee { ID = 1, FirstName = "John", LastName = "Wright", Country = "USA" }, 8: new Employee { ID = 2, FirstName = "Jim", LastName = "Ashlock", Country = "UK" }, 9: new Employee { ID = 3, FirstName = "Jane", LastName = "Jackson", Country = "CHE" }, 10: new Employee { ID = 4, FirstName = "Jill", LastName = "Anderson", Country = "AUS" } 11: }; 12:  13: var filteredEmployees = Where(employees, emp => emp.ID % 2 == 0); 14:  15: foreach (Employee emp in filteredEmployees) { 16: Console.WriteLine("ID {0} First_Name {1} Last_Name {2} Country {3}", 17: emp.ID, emp.FirstName, emp.LastName, emp.Country); 18: } 19: Console.ReadLine(); 20: } 21: 22: static IEnumerable<T> Where<T>(IEnumerable<T> source, Func<T, bool> filter) { 23: foreach (var x in source) { 24: if (filter(x)) { 25: yield return x; 26: } 27: } 28: } 29: } We have successfully implemented a way to filter any IEnumerable<T> based on a  filter criteria. Projection Now lets enumerate on the items in the IEnumerable<Employee> we got from the Where method and copy them into a new IEnumerable<EmployeeFormatted>. The EmployeeFormatted class will only have a FullName and ID property. 1: public class EmployeeFormatted { 2: public int ID { get; set; } 3: public string FullName {get; set;} 4: } We could “project” our existing IEnumerable<Employee> into a new collection of IEnumerable<EmployeeFormatted> with the help of a new method. We will call this method Select ;-) 1: static IEnumerable<EmployeeFormatted> Select(IEnumerable<Employee> employees) { 2: foreach (var emp in employees) { 3: yield return new EmployeeFormatted { 4: ID = emp.ID, 5: FullName = emp.LastName + ", " + emp.FirstName 6: }; 7: } 8: } The changes are applied to our app. 1: public class Program 2: { 3: [STAThread] 4: static void Main(string[] args) 5: { 6: var employees = new List<Employee> { 7: new Employee { ID = 1, FirstName = "John", LastName = "Wright", Country = "USA" }, 8: new Employee { ID = 2, FirstName = "Jim", LastName = "Ashlock", Country = "UK" }, 9: new Employee { ID = 3, FirstName = "Jane", LastName = "Jackson", Country = "CHE" }, 10: new Employee { ID = 4, FirstName = "Jill", LastName = "Anderson", Country = "AUS" } 11: }; 12:  13: var filteredEmployees = Where(employees, emp => emp.ID % 2 == 0); 14: var formattedEmployees = Select(filteredEmployees); 15:  16: foreach (EmployeeFormatted emp in formattedEmployees) { 17: Console.WriteLine("ID {0} Full_Name {1}", 18: emp.ID, emp.FullName); 19: } 20: Console.ReadLine(); 21: } 22:  23: static IEnumerable<T> Where<T>(IEnumerable<T> source, Func<T, bool> filter) { 24: foreach (var x in source) { 25: if (filter(x)) { 26: yield return x; 27: } 28: } 29: } 30: 31: static IEnumerable<EmployeeFormatted> Select(IEnumerable<Employee> employees) { 32: foreach (var emp in employees) { 33: yield return new EmployeeFormatted { 34: ID = emp.ID, 35: FullName = emp.LastName + ", " + emp.FirstName 36: }; 37: } 38: } 39: } 40:  41: public class Employee { 42: public int ID { get; set;} 43: public string FirstName { get; set;} 44: public string LastName {get; set;} 45: public string Country { get; set; } 46: } 47:  48: public class EmployeeFormatted { 49: public int ID { get; set; } 50: public string FullName {get; set;} 51: } Output: ID 2 Full_Name Ashlock, Jim ID 4 Full_Name Anderson, Jill We have successfully selected employees who have an even ID and then shaped our data with the help of the Select method so that the final result is an IEnumerable<EmployeeFormatted>.  Lets make our Select method more generic so that the user is given the freedom to shape what the output would look like. We can do this, like before, with lambda expressions. Our Select method is changed to accept a delegate as shown below. TSource will be the type of data that comes in and TResult will be the type the user chooses (shape of data) as returned from the selector delegate. 1:  2: static IEnumerable<TResult> Select<TSource, TResult>(IEnumerable<TSource> source, Func<TSource, TResult> selector) { 3: foreach (var x in source) { 4: yield return selector(x); 5: } 6: } We see the new changes to our app. On line 15, we use lambda expression to specify the shape of the data. In this case the shape will be of type EmployeeFormatted. 1:  2: public class Program 3: { 4: [STAThread] 5: static void Main(string[] args) 6: { 7: var employees = new List<Employee> { 8: new Employee { ID = 1, FirstName = "John", LastName = "Wright", Country = "USA" }, 9: new Employee { ID = 2, FirstName = "Jim", LastName = "Ashlock", Country = "UK" }, 10: new Employee { ID = 3, FirstName = "Jane", LastName = "Jackson", Country = "CHE" }, 11: new Employee { ID = 4, FirstName = "Jill", LastName = "Anderson", Country = "AUS" } 12: }; 13:  14: var filteredEmployees = Where(employees, emp => emp.ID % 2 == 0); 15: var formattedEmployees = Select(filteredEmployees, (emp) => 16: new EmployeeFormatted { 17: ID = emp.ID, 18: FullName = emp.LastName + ", " + emp.FirstName 19: }); 20:  21: foreach (EmployeeFormatted emp in formattedEmployees) { 22: Console.WriteLine("ID {0} Full_Name {1}", 23: emp.ID, emp.FullName); 24: } 25: Console.ReadLine(); 26: } 27: 28: static IEnumerable<T> Where<T>(IEnumerable<T> source, Func<T, bool> filter) { 29: foreach (var x in source) { 30: if (filter(x)) { 31: yield return x; 32: } 33: } 34: } 35: 36: static IEnumerable<TResult> Select<TSource, TResult>(IEnumerable<TSource> source, Func<TSource, TResult> selector) { 37: foreach (var x in source) { 38: yield return selector(x); 39: } 40: } 41: } The code outputs the same result as before. On line 14 we filter our data and on line 15 we project our data. What if we wanted to be more expressive and concise? We could combine both line 14 and 15 into one line as shown below. Assuming you had to perform several operations like this on our collection, you would end up with some very unreadable code! 1: var formattedEmployees = Select(Where(employees, emp => emp.ID % 2 == 0), (emp) => 2: new EmployeeFormatted { 3: ID = emp.ID, 4: FullName = emp.LastName + ", " + emp.FirstName 5: }); A cleaner way to write this would be to give the appearance that the Select and Where methods were part of the IEnumerable<T>. This is exactly what extension methods give us. Extension methods have to be defined in a static class. Let us make the Select and Where extension methods on IEnumerable<T> 1: public static class MyExtensionMethods { 2: static IEnumerable<T> Where<T>(this IEnumerable<T> source, Func<T, bool> filter) { 3: foreach (var x in source) { 4: if (filter(x)) { 5: yield return x; 6: } 7: } 8: } 9: 10: static IEnumerable<TResult> Select<TSource, TResult>(this IEnumerable<TSource> source, Func<TSource, TResult> selector) { 11: foreach (var x in source) { 12: yield return selector(x); 13: } 14: } 15: } The creation of the extension method makes the syntax much cleaner as shown below. We can write as many extension methods as we want and keep on chaining them using this technique. 1: var formattedEmployees = employees 2: .Where(emp => emp.ID % 2 == 0) 3: .Select (emp => new EmployeeFormatted { ID = emp.ID, FullName = emp.LastName + ", " + emp.FirstName }); Making these changes and running our code produces the same result. 1: using System; 2: using System.Collections.Generic; 3:  4: public class Program 5: { 6: [STAThread] 7: static void Main(string[] args) 8: { 9: var employees = new List<Employee> { 10: new Employee { ID = 1, FirstName = "John", LastName = "Wright", Country = "USA" }, 11: new Employee { ID = 2, FirstName = "Jim", LastName = "Ashlock", Country = "UK" }, 12: new Employee { ID = 3, FirstName = "Jane", LastName = "Jackson", Country = "CHE" }, 13: new Employee { ID = 4, FirstName = "Jill", LastName = "Anderson", Country = "AUS" } 14: }; 15:  16: var formattedEmployees = employees 17: .Where(emp => emp.ID % 2 == 0) 18: .Select (emp => 19: new EmployeeFormatted { 20: ID = emp.ID, 21: FullName = emp.LastName + ", " + emp.FirstName 22: } 23: ); 24:  25: foreach (EmployeeFormatted emp in formattedEmployees) { 26: Console.WriteLine("ID {0} Full_Name {1}", 27: emp.ID, emp.FullName); 28: } 29: Console.ReadLine(); 30: } 31: } 32:  33: public static class MyExtensionMethods { 34: static IEnumerable<T> Where<T>(this IEnumerable<T> source, Func<T, bool> filter) { 35: foreach (var x in source) { 36: if (filter(x)) { 37: yield return x; 38: } 39: } 40: } 41: 42: static IEnumerable<TResult> Select<TSource, TResult>(this IEnumerable<TSource> source, Func<TSource, TResult> selector) { 43: foreach (var x in source) { 44: yield return selector(x); 45: } 46: } 47: } 48:  49: public class Employee { 50: public int ID { get; set;} 51: public string FirstName { get; set;} 52: public string LastName {get; set;} 53: public string Country { get; set; } 54: } 55:  56: public class EmployeeFormatted { 57: public int ID { get; set; } 58: public string FullName {get; set;} 59: } Let’s change our code to return a collection of anonymous types and get rid of the EmployeeFormatted type. We see that the code produces the same output. 1: using System; 2: using System.Collections.Generic; 3:  4: public class Program 5: { 6: [STAThread] 7: static void Main(string[] args) 8: { 9: var employees = new List<Employee> { 10: new Employee { ID = 1, FirstName = "John", LastName = "Wright", Country = "USA" }, 11: new Employee { ID = 2, FirstName = "Jim", LastName = "Ashlock", Country = "UK" }, 12: new Employee { ID = 3, FirstName = "Jane", LastName = "Jackson", Country = "CHE" }, 13: new Employee { ID = 4, FirstName = "Jill", LastName = "Anderson", Country = "AUS" } 14: }; 15:  16: var formattedEmployees = employees 17: .Where(emp => emp.ID % 2 == 0) 18: .Select (emp => 19: new { 20: ID = emp.ID, 21: FullName = emp.LastName + ", " + emp.FirstName 22: } 23: ); 24:  25: foreach (var emp in formattedEmployees) { 26: Console.WriteLine("ID {0} Full_Name {1}", 27: emp.ID, emp.FullName); 28: } 29: Console.ReadLine(); 30: } 31: } 32:  33: public static class MyExtensionMethods { 34: public static IEnumerable<T> Where<T>(this IEnumerable<T> source, Func<T, bool> filter) { 35: foreach (var x in source) { 36: if (filter(x)) { 37: yield return x; 38: } 39: } 40: } 41: 42: public static IEnumerable<TResult> Select<TSource, TResult>(this IEnumerable<TSource> source, Func<TSource, TResult> selector) { 43: foreach (var x in source) { 44: yield return selector(x); 45: } 46: } 47: } 48:  49: public class Employee { 50: public int ID { get; set;} 51: public string FirstName { get; set;} 52: public string LastName {get; set;} 53: public string Country { get; set; } 54: } To be more expressive, C# allows us to write our extension method calls as a query expression. Line 16 can be rewritten a query expression like so: 1: var formattedEmployees = from emp in employees 2: where emp.ID % 2 == 0 3: select new { 4: ID = emp.ID, 5: FullName = emp.LastName + ", " + emp.FirstName 6: }; When the compiler encounters an expression like the above, it simply rewrites it as calls to our extension methods.  So far we have been using our extension methods. The System.Linq namespace contains several extension methods for objects that implement the IEnumerable<T>. You can see a listing of these methods in the Enumerable class in the System.Linq namespace. Let’s get rid of our extension methods (which I purposefully wrote to be of the same signature as the ones in the Enumerable class) and use the ones provided in the Enumerable class. Our final code is shown below: 1: using System; 2: using System.Collections.Generic; 3: using System.Linq; //Added 4:  5: public class Program 6: { 7: [STAThread] 8: static void Main(string[] args) 9: { 10: var employees = new List<Employee> { 11: new Employee { ID = 1, FirstName = "John", LastName = "Wright", Country = "USA" }, 12: new Employee { ID = 2, FirstName = "Jim", LastName = "Ashlock", Country = "UK" }, 13: new Employee { ID = 3, FirstName = "Jane", LastName = "Jackson", Country = "CHE" }, 14: new Employee { ID = 4, FirstName = "Jill", LastName = "Anderson", Country = "AUS" } 15: }; 16:  17: var formattedEmployees = from emp in employees 18: where emp.ID % 2 == 0 19: select new { 20: ID = emp.ID, 21: FullName = emp.LastName + ", " + emp.FirstName 22: }; 23:  24: foreach (var emp in formattedEmployees) { 25: Console.WriteLine("ID {0} Full_Name {1}", 26: emp.ID, emp.FullName); 27: } 28: Console.ReadLine(); 29: } 30: } 31:  32: public class Employee { 33: public int ID { get; set;} 34: public string FirstName { get; set;} 35: public string LastName {get; set;} 36: public string Country { get; set; } 37: } 38:  39: public class EmployeeFormatted { 40: public int ID { get; set; } 41: public string FullName {get; set;} 42: } This post has shown you a basic overview of LINQ to Objects work by showning you how an expression is converted to a sequence of calls to extension methods when working directly with objects. It gets more interesting when working with LINQ to SQL where an expression tree is constructed – an in memory data representation of the expression. The C# compiler compiles these expressions into code that builds an expression tree at runtime. The provider can then traverse the expression tree and generate the appropriate SQL query. You can read more about expression trees in this MSDN article.

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• Problem rendering VBO

  - by Onno

  I'm developing a game engine using OpenTK. I'm trying to get to grips with the use of VBO's. I've run into some trouble because somehow it doesn't render correctly. Thus far I've used immediate mode to render a test object, a test cube with a texture. namespace SharpEngine.Utility.Mesh { using System; using System.Collections.Generic; using OpenTK; using OpenTK.Graphics; using OpenTK.Graphics.OpenGL; using SharpEngine.Utility; using System.Drawing; public class ImmediateFaceBasedCube : IMesh { private IList<Face> faces = new List<Face>(); public ImmediateFaceBasedCube() { IList<Vector3> allVertices = new List<Vector3>(); //rechtsbovenvoor allVertices.Add(new Vector3(1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f)); //0 //rechtsbovenachter allVertices.Add(new Vector3(1.0f, 1.0f, -1.0f)); //1 //linksbovenachter allVertices.Add(new Vector3(-1.0f, 1.0f, -1.0f)); //2 //linksbovenvoor allVertices.Add(new Vector3(-1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f)); //3 //rechtsondervoor allVertices.Add(new Vector3(1.0f, -1.0f, 1.0f)); //4 //rechtsonderachter allVertices.Add(new Vector3(1.0f, -1.0f, -1.0f)); //5 //linksonderachter allVertices.Add(new Vector3(-1.0f, -1.0f, -1.0f)); //6 //linksondervoor allVertices.Add(new Vector3(-1.0f, -1.0f, 1.0f)); //7 IList<Vector2> textureCoordinates = new List<Vector2>(); textureCoordinates.Add(new Vector2(0, 0)); //AA - 0 textureCoordinates.Add(new Vector2(0, 0.3333333f)); //AB - 1 textureCoordinates.Add(new Vector2(0, 0.6666666f)); //AC - 2 textureCoordinates.Add(new Vector2(0, 1)); //AD - 3 textureCoordinates.Add(new Vector2(0.3333333f, 0)); //BA - 4 textureCoordinates.Add(new Vector2(0.3333333f, 0.3333333f)); //BB - 5 textureCoordinates.Add(new Vector2(0.3333333f, 0.6666666f)); //BC - 6 textureCoordinates.Add(new Vector2(0.3333333f, 1)); //BD - 7 textureCoordinates.Add(new Vector2(0.6666666f, 0)); //CA - 8 textureCoordinates.Add(new Vector2(0.6666666f, 0.3333333f)); //CB - 9 textureCoordinates.Add(new Vector2(0.6666666f, 0.6666666f)); //CC -10 textureCoordinates.Add(new Vector2(0.6666666f, 1)); //CD -11 textureCoordinates.Add(new Vector2(1, 0)); //DA -12 textureCoordinates.Add(new Vector2(1, 0.3333333f)); //DB -13 textureCoordinates.Add(new Vector2(1, 0.6666666f)); //DC -14 textureCoordinates.Add(new Vector2(1, 1)); //DD -15 Vector3 copy1 = new Vector3(-2.0f, -2.5f, -3.5f); IList<Vector3> normals = new List<Vector3>(); normals.Add(new Vector3(0, 1.0f, 0)); //0 normals.Add(new Vector3(0, 0, 1.0f)); //1 normals.Add(new Vector3(1.0f, 0, 0)); //2 normals.Add(new Vector3(0, 0, -1.0f)); //3 normals.Add(new Vector3(-1.0f, 0, 0)); //4 normals.Add(new Vector3(0, -1.0f, 0)); //5 //todo: move vertex normal and texture data to datastructure //todo: VBO based rendering //top face //1 IList<VertexData> verticesT1 = new List<VertexData>(); VertexData T1a = new VertexData(); T1a.Normal = normals[0]; T1a.TexCoord = textureCoordinates[5]; T1a.Position = allVertices[3]; verticesT1.Add(T1a); VertexData T1b = new VertexData(); T1b.Normal = normals[0]; T1b.TexCoord = textureCoordinates[9]; T1b.Position = allVertices[0]; verticesT1.Add(T1b); VertexData T1c = new VertexData(); T1c.Normal = normals[0]; T1c.TexCoord = textureCoordinates[10]; T1c.Position = allVertices[1]; verticesT1.Add(T1c); Face F1 = new Face(verticesT1); faces.Add(F1); //2 IList<VertexData> verticesT2 = new List<VertexData>(); VertexData T2a = new VertexData(); T2a.Normal = normals[0]; T2a.TexCoord = textureCoordinates[10]; T2a.Position = allVertices[1]; verticesT2.Add(T2a); VertexData T2b = new VertexData(); T2b.Normal = normals[0]; T2b.TexCoord = textureCoordinates[6]; T2b.Position = allVertices[2]; verticesT2.Add(T2b); VertexData T2c = new VertexData(); T2c.Normal = normals[0]; T2c.TexCoord = textureCoordinates[5]; T2c.Position = allVertices[3]; verticesT2.Add(T2c); Face F2 = new Face(verticesT2); faces.Add(F2); //front face //3 IList<VertexData> verticesT3 = new List<VertexData>(); VertexData T3a = new VertexData(); T3a.Normal = normals[1]; T3a.TexCoord = textureCoordinates[1]; T3a.Position = allVertices[3]; verticesT3.Add(T3a); VertexData T3b = new VertexData(); T3b.Normal = normals[1]; T3b.TexCoord = textureCoordinates[0]; T3b.Position = allVertices[7]; verticesT3.Add(T3b); VertexData T3c = new VertexData(); T3c.Normal = normals[1]; T3c.TexCoord = textureCoordinates[5]; T3c.Position = allVertices[0]; verticesT3.Add(T3c); Face F3 = new Face(verticesT3); faces.Add(F3); //4 IList<VertexData> verticesT4 = new List<VertexData>(); VertexData T4a = new VertexData(); T4a.Normal = normals[1]; T4a.TexCoord = textureCoordinates[5]; T4a.Position = allVertices[0]; verticesT4.Add(T4a); VertexData T4b = new VertexData(); T4b.Normal = normals[1]; T4b.TexCoord = textureCoordinates[0]; T4b.Position = allVertices[7]; verticesT4.Add(T4b); VertexData T4c = new VertexData(); T4c.Normal = normals[1]; T4c.TexCoord = textureCoordinates[4]; T4c.Position = allVertices[4]; verticesT4.Add(T4c); Face F4 = new Face(verticesT4); faces.Add(F4); //right face //5 IList<VertexData> verticesT5 = new List<VertexData>(); VertexData T5a = new VertexData(); T5a.Normal = normals[2]; T5a.TexCoord = textureCoordinates[2]; T5a.Position = allVertices[0]; verticesT5.Add(T5a); VertexData T5b = new VertexData(); T5b.Normal = normals[2]; T5b.TexCoord = textureCoordinates[1]; T5b.Position = allVertices[4]; verticesT5.Add(T5b); VertexData T5c = new VertexData(); T5c.Normal = normals[2]; T5c.TexCoord = textureCoordinates[6]; T5c.Position = allVertices[1]; verticesT5.Add(T5c); Face F5 = new Face(verticesT5); faces.Add(F5); //6 IList<VertexData> verticesT6 = new List<VertexData>(); VertexData T6a = new VertexData(); T6a.Normal = normals[2]; T6a.TexCoord = textureCoordinates[1]; T6a.Position = allVertices[4]; verticesT6.Add(T6a); VertexData T6b = new VertexData(); T6b.Normal = normals[2]; T6b.TexCoord = textureCoordinates[5]; T6b.Position = allVertices[5]; verticesT6.Add(T6b); VertexData T6c = new VertexData(); T6c.Normal = normals[2]; T6c.TexCoord = textureCoordinates[6]; T6c.Position = allVertices[1]; verticesT6.Add(T6c); Face F6 = new Face(verticesT6); faces.Add(F6); //back face //7 IList<VertexData> verticesT7 = new List<VertexData>(); VertexData T7a = new VertexData(); T7a.Normal = normals[3]; T7a.TexCoord = textureCoordinates[4]; T7a.Position = allVertices[5]; verticesT7.Add(T7a); VertexData T7b = new VertexData(); T7b.Normal = normals[3]; T7b.TexCoord = textureCoordinates[9]; T7b.Position = allVertices[2]; verticesT7.Add(T7b); VertexData T7c = new VertexData(); T7c.Normal = normals[3]; T7c.TexCoord = textureCoordinates[5]; T7c.Position = allVertices[1]; verticesT7.Add(T7c); Face F7 = new Face(verticesT7); faces.Add(F7); //8 IList<VertexData> verticesT8 = new List<VertexData>(); VertexData T8a = new VertexData(); T8a.Normal = normals[3]; T8a.TexCoord = textureCoordinates[9]; T8a.Position = allVertices[2]; verticesT8.Add(T8a); VertexData T8b = new VertexData(); T8b.Normal = normals[3]; T8b.TexCoord = textureCoordinates[4]; T8b.Position = allVertices[5]; verticesT8.Add(T8b); VertexData T8c = new VertexData(); T8c.Normal = normals[3]; T8c.TexCoord = textureCoordinates[8]; T8c.Position = allVertices[6]; verticesT8.Add(T8c); Face F8 = new Face(verticesT8); faces.Add(F8); //left face //9 IList<VertexData> verticesT9 = new List<VertexData>(); VertexData T9a = new VertexData(); T9a.Normal = normals[4]; T9a.TexCoord = textureCoordinates[8]; T9a.Position = allVertices[6]; verticesT9.Add(T9a); VertexData T9b = new VertexData(); T9b.Normal = normals[4]; T9b.TexCoord = textureCoordinates[13]; T9b.Position = allVertices[3]; verticesT9.Add(T9b); VertexData T9c = new VertexData(); T9c.Normal = normals[4]; T9c.TexCoord = textureCoordinates[9]; T9c.Position = allVertices[2]; verticesT9.Add(T9c); Face F9 = new Face(verticesT9); faces.Add(F9); //10 IList<VertexData> verticesT10 = new List<VertexData>(); VertexData T10a = new VertexData(); T10a.Normal = normals[4]; T10a.TexCoord = textureCoordinates[8]; T10a.Position = allVertices[6]; verticesT10.Add(T10a); VertexData T10b = new VertexData(); T10b.Normal = normals[4]; T10b.TexCoord = textureCoordinates[12]; T10b.Position = allVertices[7]; verticesT10.Add(T10b); VertexData T10c = new VertexData(); T10c.Normal = normals[4]; T10c.TexCoord = textureCoordinates[13]; T10c.Position = allVertices[3]; verticesT10.Add(T10c); Face F10 = new Face(verticesT10); faces.Add(F10); //bottom face //11 IList<VertexData> verticesT11 = new List<VertexData>(); VertexData T11a = new VertexData(); T11a.Normal = normals[5]; T11a.TexCoord = textureCoordinates[10]; T11a.Position = allVertices[7]; verticesT11.Add(T11a); VertexData T11b = new VertexData(); T11b.Normal = normals[5]; T11b.TexCoord = textureCoordinates[9]; T11b.Position = allVertices[6]; verticesT11.Add(T11b); VertexData T11c = new VertexData(); T11c.Normal = normals[5]; T11c.TexCoord = textureCoordinates[14]; T11c.Position = allVertices[4]; verticesT11.Add(T11c); Face F11 = new Face(verticesT11); faces.Add(F11); //12 IList<VertexData> verticesT12 = new List<VertexData>(); VertexData T12a = new VertexData(); T12a.Normal = normals[5]; T12a.TexCoord = textureCoordinates[13]; T12a.Position = allVertices[5]; verticesT12.Add(T12a); VertexData T12b = new VertexData(); T12b.Normal = normals[5]; T12b.TexCoord = textureCoordinates[14]; T12b.Position = allVertices[4]; verticesT12.Add(T12b); VertexData T12c = new VertexData(); T12c.Normal = normals[5]; T12c.TexCoord = textureCoordinates[9]; T12c.Position = allVertices[6]; verticesT12.Add(T12c); Face F12 = new Face(verticesT12); faces.Add(F12); } public void draw() { GL.Begin(BeginMode.Triangles); foreach (Face face in faces) { foreach (VertexData datapoint in face.verticesWithTexCoords) { GL.Normal3(datapoint.Normal); GL.TexCoord2(datapoint.TexCoord); GL.Vertex3(datapoint.Position); } } GL.End(); } } } Gets me this very nice picture: The immediate mode cube renders nicely and taught me a bit on how to use OpenGL, but VBO's are the way to go. Since I read on the OpenTK forums that OpenTK has problems doing VA's or DL's, I decided to skip using those. Now, I've tried to change this cube to a VBO by using the same vertex, normal and tc collections, and making float arrays from them by using the coordinates in combination with uint arrays which contain the index numbers from the immediate cube. (see the private functions at end of the code sample) Somehow this only renders two triangles namespace SharpEngine.Utility.Mesh { using System; using System.Collections.Generic; using OpenTK; using OpenTK.Graphics; using OpenTK.Graphics.OpenGL; using SharpEngine.Utility; using System.Drawing; public class VBOFaceBasedCube : IMesh { private int VerticesVBOID; private int VerticesVBOStride; private int VertexCount; private int ELementBufferObjectID; private int textureCoordinateVBOID; private int textureCoordinateVBOStride; //private int textureCoordinateArraySize; private int normalVBOID; private int normalVBOStride; public VBOFaceBasedCube() { IList<Vector3> allVertices = new List<Vector3>(); //rechtsbovenvoor allVertices.Add(new Vector3(1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f)); //0 //rechtsbovenachter allVertices.Add(new Vector3(1.0f, 1.0f, -1.0f)); //1 //linksbovenachter allVertices.Add(new Vector3(-1.0f, 1.0f, -1.0f)); //2 //linksbovenvoor allVertices.Add(new Vector3(-1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f)); //3 //rechtsondervoor allVertices.Add(new Vector3(1.0f, -1.0f, 1.0f)); //4 //rechtsonderachter allVertices.Add(new Vector3(1.0f, -1.0f, -1.0f)); //5 //linksonderachter allVertices.Add(new Vector3(-1.0f, -1.0f, -1.0f)); //6 //linksondervoor allVertices.Add(new Vector3(-1.0f, -1.0f, 1.0f)); //7 IList<Vector2> textureCoordinates = new List<Vector2>(); textureCoordinates.Add(new Vector2(0, 0)); //AA - 0 textureCoordinates.Add(new Vector2(0, 0.3333333f)); //AB - 1 textureCoordinates.Add(new Vector2(0, 0.6666666f)); //AC - 2 textureCoordinates.Add(new Vector2(0, 1)); //AD - 3 textureCoordinates.Add(new Vector2(0.3333333f, 0)); //BA - 4 textureCoordinates.Add(new Vector2(0.3333333f, 0.3333333f)); //BB - 5 textureCoordinates.Add(new Vector2(0.3333333f, 0.6666666f)); //BC - 6 textureCoordinates.Add(new Vector2(0.3333333f, 1)); //BD - 7 textureCoordinates.Add(new Vector2(0.6666666f, 0)); //CA - 8 textureCoordinates.Add(new Vector2(0.6666666f, 0.3333333f)); //CB - 9 textureCoordinates.Add(new Vector2(0.6666666f, 0.6666666f)); //CC -10 textureCoordinates.Add(new Vector2(0.6666666f, 1)); //CD -11 textureCoordinates.Add(new Vector2(1, 0)); //DA -12 textureCoordinates.Add(new Vector2(1, 0.3333333f)); //DB -13 textureCoordinates.Add(new Vector2(1, 0.6666666f)); //DC -14 textureCoordinates.Add(new Vector2(1, 1)); //DD -15 Vector3 copy1 = new Vector3(-2.0f, -2.5f, -3.5f); IList<Vector3> normals = new List<Vector3>(); normals.Add(new Vector3(0, 1.0f, 0)); //0 normals.Add(new Vector3(0, 0, 1.0f)); //1 normals.Add(new Vector3(1.0f, 0, 0)); //2 normals.Add(new Vector3(0, 0, -1.0f)); //3 normals.Add(new Vector3(-1.0f, 0, 0)); //4 normals.Add(new Vector3(0, -1.0f, 0)); //5 //todo: VBO based rendering uint[] vertexElements = { 3,0,1, //01 1,2,3, //02 3,7,0, //03 0,7,4, //04 0,4,1, //05 4,5,1, //06 5,2,1, //07 2,5,6, //08 6,3,2, //09 6,7,5, //10 7,6,4, //11 5,4,6 //12 }; VertexCount = vertexElements.Length; IList<uint> vertexElementList = new List<uint>(vertexElements); uint[] normalElements = { 0,0,0, 0,0,0, 1,1,1, 1,1,1, 2,2,2, 2,2,2, 3,3,3, 3,3,3, 4,4,4, 4,4,4, 5,5,5, 5,5,5 }; IList<uint> normalElementList = new List<uint>(normalElements); uint[] textureIndexArray = { 5,9,10, 10,6,5, 1,0,5, 5,0,4, 2,1,6, 1,5,6, 4,9,5, 9,4,8, 8,13,9, 8,12,13, 10,9,14, 13,14,9 }; //textureCoordinateArraySize = textureIndexArray.Length; IList<uint> textureIndexList = new List<uint>(textureIndexArray); LoadVBO(allVertices, normals, textureCoordinates, vertexElements, normalElementList, textureIndexList); } public void draw() { //bind vertices //bind elements //bind normals //bind texture coordinates GL.EnableClientState(ArrayCap.VertexArray); GL.EnableClientState(ArrayCap.NormalArray); GL.EnableClientState(ArrayCap.TextureCoordArray); GL.BindBuffer(BufferTarget.ArrayBuffer, VerticesVBOID); GL.VertexPointer(3, VertexPointerType.Float, VerticesVBOStride, 0); GL.BindBuffer(BufferTarget.ArrayBuffer, normalVBOID); GL.NormalPointer(NormalPointerType.Float, normalVBOStride, 0); GL.BindBuffer(BufferTarget.ArrayBuffer, textureCoordinateVBOID); GL.TexCoordPointer(2, TexCoordPointerType.Float, textureCoordinateVBOStride, 0); GL.BindBuffer(BufferTarget.ElementArrayBuffer, ELementBufferObjectID); GL.DrawElements(BeginMode.Polygon, VertexCount, DrawElementsType.UnsignedShort, 0); } //loads a static VBO void LoadVBO(IList<Vector3> vertices, IList<Vector3> normals, IList<Vector2> texcoords, uint[] elements, IList<uint> normalIndices, IList<uint> texCoordIndices) { int size; //todo // To create a VBO: // 1) Generate the buffer handles for the vertex and element buffers. // 2) Bind the vertex buffer handle and upload your vertex data. Check that the buffer was uploaded correctly. // 3) Bind the element buffer handle and upload your element data. Check that the buffer was uploaded correctly. float[] verticesArray = convertVector3fListToFloatArray(vertices); float[] normalsArray = createFloatArrayFromListOfVector3ElementsAndIndices(normals, normalIndices); float[] textureCoordinateArray = createFloatArrayFromListOfVector2ElementsAndIndices(texcoords, texCoordIndices); GL.GenBuffers(1, out VerticesVBOID); GL.BindBuffer(BufferTarget.ArrayBuffer, VerticesVBOID); Console.WriteLine("load 1 - vertices"); VerticesVBOStride = BlittableValueType.StrideOf(verticesArray); GL.BufferData(BufferTarget.ArrayBuffer, (IntPtr)(verticesArray.Length * sizeof(float)), verticesArray, BufferUsageHint.StaticDraw); GL.GetBufferParameter(BufferTarget.ArrayBuffer, BufferParameterName.BufferSize, out size); if (verticesArray.Length * BlittableValueType.StrideOf(verticesArray) != size) { throw new ApplicationException("Vertex data not uploaded correctly"); } else { Console.WriteLine("load 1 finished ok"); size = 0; } Console.WriteLine("load 2 - elements"); GL.GenBuffers(1, out ELementBufferObjectID); GL.BindBuffer(BufferTarget.ElementArrayBuffer, ELementBufferObjectID); GL.BufferData(BufferTarget.ElementArrayBuffer, (IntPtr)(elements.Length * sizeof(uint)), elements, BufferUsageHint.StaticDraw); GL.GetBufferParameter(BufferTarget.ElementArrayBuffer, BufferParameterName.BufferSize, out size); if (elements.Length * sizeof(uint) != size) { throw new ApplicationException("Element data not uploaded correctly"); } else { size = 0; Console.WriteLine("load 2 finished ok"); } GL.GenBuffers(1, out normalVBOID); GL.BindBuffer(BufferTarget.ArrayBuffer, normalVBOID); Console.WriteLine("load 3 - normals"); normalVBOStride = BlittableValueType.StrideOf(normalsArray); GL.BufferData(BufferTarget.ArrayBuffer, (IntPtr)(normalsArray.Length * sizeof(float)), normalsArray, BufferUsageHint.StaticDraw); GL.GetBufferParameter(BufferTarget.ArrayBuffer, BufferParameterName.BufferSize, out size); Console.WriteLine("load 3 - pre check"); if (normalsArray.Length * BlittableValueType.StrideOf(normalsArray) != size) { throw new ApplicationException("Normal data not uploaded correctly"); } else { Console.WriteLine("load 3 finished ok"); size = 0; } GL.GenBuffers(1, out textureCoordinateVBOID); GL.BindBuffer(BufferTarget.ArrayBuffer, textureCoordinateVBOID); Console.WriteLine("load 4- texture coordinates"); textureCoordinateVBOStride = BlittableValueType.StrideOf(textureCoordinateArray); GL.BufferData(BufferTarget.ArrayBuffer, (IntPtr)(textureCoordinateArray.Length * textureCoordinateVBOStride), textureCoordinateArray, BufferUsageHint.StaticDraw); GL.GetBufferParameter(BufferTarget.ArrayBuffer, BufferParameterName.BufferSize, out size); if (textureCoordinateArray.Length * BlittableValueType.StrideOf(textureCoordinateArray) != size) { throw new ApplicationException("texture coordinate data not uploaded correctly"); } else { Console.WriteLine("load 3 finished ok"); size = 0; } } //used to convert vertex arrayss for use with VBO's private float[] convertVector3fListToFloatArray(IList<Vector3> input) { int arrayElementCount = input.Count * 3; float[] output = new float[arrayElementCount]; int fillCount = 0; foreach (Vector3 v in input) { output[fillCount] = v.X; output[fillCount + 1] = v.Y; output[fillCount + 2] = v.Z; fillCount += 3; } return output; } //used for converting texture coordinate arrays for use with VBO's private float[] convertVector2List_to_floatArray(IList<Vector2> input) { int arrayElementCount = input.Count * 2; float[] output = new float[arrayElementCount]; int fillCount = 0; foreach (Vector2 v in input) { output[fillCount] = v.X; output[fillCount + 1] = v.Y; fillCount += 2; } return output; } //used to create an array of floats from private float[] createFloatArrayFromListOfVector3ElementsAndIndices(IList<Vector3> inputVectors, IList<uint> indices) { int arrayElementCount = inputVectors.Count * indices.Count * 3; float[] output = new float[arrayElementCount]; int fillCount = 0; foreach (int i in indices) { output[fillCount] = inputVectors[i].X; output[fillCount + 1] = inputVectors[i].Y; output[fillCount + 2] = inputVectors[i].Z; fillCount += 3; } return output; } private float[] createFloatArrayFromListOfVector2ElementsAndIndices(IList<Vector2> inputVectors, IList<uint> indices) { int arrayElementCount = inputVectors.Count * indices.Count * 2; float[] output = new float[arrayElementCount]; int fillCount = 0; foreach (int i in indices) { output[fillCount] = inputVectors[i].X; output[fillCount + 1] = inputVectors[i].Y; fillCount += 2; } return output; } } } This code will only render two triangles and they're nothing like I had in mind: I've done some searching. In some other questions I read that, if I did something wrong, I'd get no rendering at all. Clearly, something gets sent to the GFX card, but it might be that I'm not sending the right data. I've tried altering the sequence in which the triangles are rendered by swapping some of the index numbers in the vert, tc and normal index arrays, but this doesn't seem to be of any effect. I'm slightly lost here. What am I doing wrong here?

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• 256 Windows Azure Worker Roles, Windows Kinect and a 90's Text-Based Ray-Tracer

  - by Alan Smith

  For a couple of years I have been demoing a simple render farm hosted in Windows Azure using worker roles and the Azure Storage service. At the start of the presentation I deploy an Azure application that uses 16 worker roles to render a 1,500 frame 3D ray-traced animation. At the end of the presentation, when the animation was complete, I would play the animation delete the Azure deployment. The standing joke with the audience was that it was that it was a “$2 demo”, as the compute charges for running the 16 instances for an hour was $1.92, factor in the bandwidth charges and it’s a couple of dollars. The point of the demo is that it highlights one of the great benefits of cloud computing, you pay for what you use, and if you need massive compute power for a short period of time using Windows Azure can work out very cost effective. The “$2 demo” was great for presenting at user groups and conferences in that it could be deployed to Azure, used to render an animation, and then removed in a one hour session. I have always had the idea of doing something a bit more impressive with the demo, and scaling it from a “$2 demo” to a “$30 demo”. The challenge was to create a visually appealing animation in high definition format and keep the demo time down to one hour.  This article will take a run through how I achieved this. Ray Tracing Ray tracing, a technique for generating high quality photorealistic images, gained popularity in the 90’s with companies like Pixar creating feature length computer animations, and also the emergence of shareware text-based ray tracers that could run on a home PC. In order to render a ray traced image, the ray of light that would pass from the view point must be tracked until it intersects with an object. At the intersection, the color, reflectiveness, transparency, and refractive index of the object are used to calculate if the ray will be reflected or refracted. Each pixel may require thousands of calculations to determine what color it will be in the rendered image. Pin-Board Toys Having very little artistic talent and a basic understanding of maths I decided to focus on an animation that could be modeled fairly easily and would look visually impressive. I’ve always liked the pin-board desktop toys that become popular in the 80’s and when I was working as a 3D animator back in the 90’s I always had the idea of creating a 3D ray-traced animation of a pin-board, but never found the energy to do it. Even if I had a go at it, the render time to produce an animation that would look respectable on a 486 would have been measured in months. PolyRay Back in 1995 I landed my first real job, after spending three years being a beach-ski-climbing-paragliding-bum, and was employed to create 3D ray-traced animations for a CD-ROM that school kids would use to learn physics. I had got into the strange and wonderful world of text-based ray tracing, and was using a shareware ray-tracer called PolyRay. PolyRay takes a text file describing a scene as input and, after a few hours processing on a 486, produced a high quality ray-traced image. The following is an example of a basic PolyRay scene file. background Midnight_Blue   static define matte surface { ambient 0.1 diffuse 0.7 } define matte_white texture { matte { color white } } define matte_black texture { matte { color dark_slate_gray } } define position_cylindrical 3 define lookup_sawtooth 1 define light_wood <0.6, 0.24, 0.1> define median_wood <0.3, 0.12, 0.03> define dark_wood <0.05, 0.01, 0.005>     define wooden texture { noise surface { ambient 0.2  diffuse 0.7  specular white, 0.5 microfacet Reitz 10 position_fn position_cylindrical position_scale 1  lookup_fn lookup_sawtooth octaves 1 turbulence 1 color_map( [0.0, 0.2, light_wood, light_wood] [0.2, 0.3, light_wood, median_wood] [0.3, 0.4, median_wood, light_wood] [0.4, 0.7, light_wood, light_wood] [0.7, 0.8, light_wood, median_wood] [0.8, 0.9, median_wood, light_wood] [0.9, 1.0, light_wood, dark_wood]) } } define glass texture { surface { ambient 0 diffuse 0 specular 0.2 reflection white, 0.1 transmission white, 1, 1.5 }} define shiny surface { ambient 0.1 diffuse 0.6 specular white, 0.6 microfacet Phong 7  } define steely_blue texture { shiny { color black } } define chrome texture { surface { color white ambient 0.0 diffuse 0.2 specular 0.4 microfacet Phong 10 reflection 0.8 } }   viewpoint {     from <4.000, -1.000, 1.000> at <0.000, 0.000, 0.000> up <0, 1, 0> angle 60     resolution 640, 480 aspect 1.6 image_format 0 }       light <-10, 30, 20> light <-10, 30, -20>   object { disc <0, -2, 0>, <0, 1, 0>, 30 wooden }   object { sphere <0.000, 0.000, 0.000>, 1.00 chrome } object { cylinder <0.000, 0.000, 0.000>, <0.000, 0.000, -4.000>, 0.50 chrome }   After setting up the background and defining colors and textures, the viewpoint is specified. The “camera” is located at a point in 3D space, and it looks towards another point. The angle, image resolution, and aspect ratio are specified. Two lights are present in the image at defined coordinates. The three objects in the image are a wooden disc to represent a table top, and a sphere and cylinder that intersect to form a pin that will be used for the pin board toy in the final animation. When the image is rendered, the following image is produced. The pins are modeled with a chrome surface, so they reflect the environment around them. Note that the scale of the pin shaft is not correct, this will be fixed later. Modeling the Pin Board The frame of the pin-board is made up of three boxes, and six cylinders, the front box is modeled using a clear, slightly reflective solid, with the same refractive index of glass. The other shapes are modeled as metal. object { box <-5.5, -1.5, 1>, <5.5, 5.5, 1.2> glass } object { box <-5.5, -1.5, -0.04>, <5.5, 5.5, -0.09> steely_blue } object { box <-5.5, -1.5, -0.52>, <5.5, 5.5, -0.59> steely_blue } object { cylinder <-5.2, -1.2, 1.4>, <-5.2, -1.2, -0.74>, 0.2 steely_blue } object { cylinder <5.2, -1.2, 1.4>, <5.2, -1.2, -0.74>, 0.2 steely_blue } object { cylinder <-5.2, 5.2, 1.4>, <-5.2, 5.2, -0.74>, 0.2 steely_blue } object { cylinder <5.2, 5.2, 1.4>, <5.2, 5.2, -0.74>, 0.2 steely_blue } object { cylinder <0, -1.2, 1.4>, <0, -1.2, -0.74>, 0.2 steely_blue } object { cylinder <0, 5.2, 1.4>, <0, 5.2, -0.74>, 0.2 steely_blue }   In order to create the matrix of pins that make up the pin board I used a basic console application with a few nested loops to create two intersecting matrixes of pins, which models the layout used in the pin boards. The resulting image is shown below. The pin board contains 11,481 pins, with the scene file containing 23,709 lines of code. For the complete animation 2,000 scene files will be created, which is over 47 million lines of code. Each pin in the pin-board will slide out a specific distance when an object is pressed into the back of the board. This is easily modeled by setting the Z coordinate of the pin to a specific value. In order to set all of the pins in the pin-board to the correct position, a bitmap image can be used. The position of the pin can be set based on the color of the pixel at the appropriate position in the image. When the Windows Azure logo is used to set the Z coordinate of the pins, the following image is generated. The challenge now was to make a cool animation. The Azure Logo is fine, but it is static. Using a normal video to animate the pins would not work; the colors in the video would not be the same as the depth of the objects from the camera. In order to simulate the pin board accurately a series of frames from a depth camera could be used. Windows Kinect The Kenect controllers for the X-Box 360 and Windows feature a depth camera. The Kinect SDK for Windows provides a programming interface for Kenect, providing easy access for .NET developers to the Kinect sensors. The Kinect Explorer provided with the Kinect SDK is a great starting point for exploring Kinect from a developers perspective. Both the X-Box 360 Kinect and the Windows Kinect will work with the Kinect SDK, the Windows Kinect is required for commercial applications, but the X-Box Kinect can be used for hobby projects. The Windows Kinect has the advantage of providing a mode to allow depth capture with objects closer to the camera, which makes for a more accurate depth image for setting the pin positions. Creating a Depth Field Animation The depth field animation used to set the positions of the pin in the pin board was created using a modified version of the Kinect Explorer sample application. In order to simulate the pin board accurately, a small section of the depth range from the depth sensor will be used. Any part of the object in front of the depth range will result in a white pixel; anything behind the depth range will be black. Within the depth range the pixels in the image will be set to RGB values from 0,0,0 to 255,255,255. A screen shot of the modified Kinect Explorer application is shown below. The Kinect Explorer sample application was modified to include slider controls that are used to set the depth range that forms the image from the depth stream. This allows the fine tuning of the depth image that is required for simulating the position of the pins in the pin board. The Kinect Explorer was also modified to record a series of images from the depth camera and save them as a sequence JPEG files that will be used to animate the pins in the animation the Start and Stop buttons are used to start and stop the image recording. En example of one of the depth images is shown below. Once a series of 2,000 depth images has been captured, the task of creating the animation can begin. Rendering a Test Frame In order to test the creation of frames and get an approximation of the time required to render each frame a test frame was rendered on-premise using PolyRay. The output of the rendering process is shown below. The test frame contained 23,629 primitive shapes, most of which are the spheres and cylinders that are used for the 11,800 or so pins in the pin board. The 1280x720 image contains 921,600 pixels, but as anti-aliasing was used the number of rays that were calculated was 4,235,777, with 3,478,754,073 object boundaries checked. The test frame of the pin board with the depth field image applied is shown below. The tracing time for the test frame was 4 minutes 27 seconds, which means rendering the2,000 frames in the animation would take over 148 hours, or a little over 6 days. Although this is much faster that an old 486, waiting almost a week to see the results of an animation would make it challenging for animators to create, view, and refine their animations. It would be much better if the animation could be rendered in less than one hour. Windows Azure Worker Roles The cost of creating an on-premise render farm to render animations increases in proportion to the number of servers. The table below shows the cost of servers for creating a render farm, assuming a cost of $500 per server. Number of Servers Cost 1 $500 16 $8,000 256 $128,000   As well as the cost of the servers, there would be additional costs for networking, racks etc. Hosting an environment of 256 servers on-premise would require a server room with cooling, and some pretty hefty power cabling. The Windows Azure compute services provide worker roles, which are ideal for performing processor intensive compute tasks. With the scalability available in Windows Azure a job that takes 256 hours to complete could be perfumed using different numbers of worker roles. The time and cost of using 1, 16 or 256 worker roles is shown below. Number of Worker Roles Render Time Cost 1 256 hours $30.72 16 16 hours $30.72 256 1 hour $30.72   Using worker roles in Windows Azure provides the same cost for the 256 hour job, irrespective of the number of worker roles used. Provided the compute task can be broken down into many small units, and the worker role compute power can be used effectively, it makes sense to scale the application so that the task is completed quickly, making the results available in a timely fashion. The task of rendering 2,000 frames in an animation is one that can easily be broken down into 2,000 individual pieces, which can be performed by a number of worker roles. Creating a Render Farm in Windows Azure The architecture of the render farm is shown in the following diagram. The render farm is a hybrid application with the following components: ·         On-Premise o   Windows Kinect – Used combined with the Kinect Explorer to create a stream of depth images. o   Animation Creator – This application uses the depth images from the Kinect sensor to create scene description files for PolyRay. These files are then uploaded to the jobs blob container, and job messages added to the jobs queue. o   Process Monitor – This application queries the role instance lifecycle table and displays statistics about the render farm environment and render process. o   Image Downloader – This application polls the image queue and downloads the rendered animation files once they are complete. ·         Windows Azure o   Azure Storage – Queues and blobs are used for the scene description files and completed frames. A table is used to store the statistics about the rendering environment.   The architecture of each worker role is shown below.   The worker role is configured to use local storage, which provides file storage on the worker role instance that can be use by the applications to render the image and transform the format of the image. The service definition for the worker role with the local storage configuration highlighted is shown below. <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?> <ServiceDefinition name="CloudRay" >   <WorkerRole name="CloudRayWorkerRole" vmsize="Small">     <Imports>     </Imports>     <ConfigurationSettings>       <Setting name="DataConnectionString" />     </ConfigurationSettings>     <LocalResources>       <LocalStorage name="RayFolder" cleanOnRoleRecycle="true" />     </LocalResources>   </WorkerRole> </ServiceDefinition>     The two executable programs, PolyRay.exe and DTA.exe are included in the Azure project, with Copy Always set as the property. PolyRay will take the scene description file and render it to a Truevision TGA file. As the TGA format has not seen much use since the mid 90’s it is converted to a JPG image using Dave's Targa Animator, another shareware application from the 90’s. Each worker roll will use the following process to render the animation frames. 1.       The worker process polls the job queue, if a job is available the scene description file is downloaded from blob storage to local storage. 2.       PolyRay.exe is started in a process with the appropriate command line arguments to render the image as a TGA file. 3.       DTA.exe is started in a process with the appropriate command line arguments convert the TGA file to a JPG file. 4.       The JPG file is uploaded from local storage to the images blob container. 5.       A message is placed on the images queue to indicate a new image is available for download. 6.       The job message is deleted from the job queue. 7.       The role instance lifecycle table is updated with statistics on the number of frames rendered by the worker role instance, and the CPU time used. The code for this is shown below. public override void Run() {     // Set environment variables     string polyRayPath = Path.Combine(Environment.GetEnvironmentVariable("RoleRoot"), PolyRayLocation);     string dtaPath = Path.Combine(Environment.GetEnvironmentVariable("RoleRoot"), DTALocation);       LocalResource rayStorage = RoleEnvironment.GetLocalResource("RayFolder");     string localStorageRootPath = rayStorage.RootPath;       JobQueue jobQueue = new JobQueue("renderjobs");     JobQueue downloadQueue = new JobQueue("renderimagedownloadjobs");     CloudRayBlob sceneBlob = new CloudRayBlob("scenes");     CloudRayBlob imageBlob = new CloudRayBlob("images");     RoleLifecycleDataSource roleLifecycleDataSource = new RoleLifecycleDataSource();       Frames = 0;       while (true)     {         // Get the render job from the queue         CloudQueueMessage jobMsg = jobQueue.Get();           if (jobMsg != null)         {             // Get the file details             string sceneFile = jobMsg.AsString;             string tgaFile = sceneFile.Replace(".pi", ".tga");             string jpgFile = sceneFile.Replace(".pi", ".jpg");               string sceneFilePath = Path.Combine(localStorageRootPath, sceneFile);             string tgaFilePath = Path.Combine(localStorageRootPath, tgaFile);             string jpgFilePath = Path.Combine(localStorageRootPath, jpgFile);               // Copy the scene file to local storage             sceneBlob.DownloadFile(sceneFilePath);               // Run the ray tracer.             string polyrayArguments =                 string.Format("\"{0}\" -o \"{1}\" -a 2", sceneFilePath, tgaFilePath);             Process polyRayProcess = new Process();             polyRayProcess.StartInfo.FileName =                 Path.Combine(Environment.GetEnvironmentVariable("RoleRoot"), polyRayPath);             polyRayProcess.StartInfo.Arguments = polyrayArguments;             polyRayProcess.Start();             polyRayProcess.WaitForExit();               // Convert the image             string dtaArguments =                 string.Format(" {0} /FJ /P{1}", tgaFilePath, Path.GetDirectoryName (jpgFilePath));             Process dtaProcess = new Process();             dtaProcess.StartInfo.FileName =                 Path.Combine(Environment.GetEnvironmentVariable("RoleRoot"), dtaPath);             dtaProcess.StartInfo.Arguments = dtaArguments;             dtaProcess.Start();             dtaProcess.WaitForExit();               // Upload the image to blob storage             imageBlob.UploadFile(jpgFilePath);               // Add a download job.             downloadQueue.Add(jpgFile);               // Delete the render job message             jobQueue.Delete(jobMsg);               Frames++;         }         else         {             Thread.Sleep(1000);         }           // Log the worker role activity.         roleLifecycleDataSource.Alive             ("CloudRayWorker", RoleLifecycleDataSource.RoleLifecycleId, Frames);     } }     Monitoring Worker Role Instance Lifecycle In order to get more accurate statistics about the lifecycle of the worker role instances used to render the animation data was tracked in an Azure storage table. The following class was used to track the worker role lifecycles in Azure storage.   public class RoleLifecycle : TableServiceEntity {     public string ServerName { get; set; }     public string Status { get; set; }     public DateTime StartTime { get; set; }     public DateTime EndTime { get; set; }     public long SecondsRunning { get; set; }     public DateTime LastActiveTime { get; set; }     public int Frames { get; set; }     public string Comment { get; set; }       public RoleLifecycle()     {     }       public RoleLifecycle(string roleName)     {         PartitionKey = roleName;         RowKey = Utils.GetAscendingRowKey();         Status = "Started";         StartTime = DateTime.UtcNow;         LastActiveTime = StartTime;         EndTime = StartTime;         SecondsRunning = 0;         Frames = 0;     } }     A new instance of this class is created and added to the storage table when the role starts. It is then updated each time the worker renders a frame to record the total number of frames rendered and the total processing time. These statistics are used be the monitoring application to determine the effectiveness of use of resources in the render farm. Rendering the Animation The Azure solution was deployed to Windows Azure with the service configuration set to 16 worker role instances. This allows for the application to be tested in the cloud environment, and the performance of the application determined. When I demo the application at conferences and user groups I often start with 16 instances, and then scale up the application to the full 256 instances. The configuration to run 16 instances is shown below. <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?> <ServiceConfiguration serviceName="CloudRay" xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/ServiceHosting/2008/10/ServiceConfiguration" osFamily="1" osVersion="*">   <Role name="CloudRayWorkerRole">     <Instances count="16" />     <ConfigurationSettings>       <Setting name="DataConnectionString"         value="DefaultEndpointsProtocol=https;AccountName=cloudraydata;AccountKey=..." />     </ConfigurationSettings>   </Role> </ServiceConfiguration>     About six minutes after deploying the application the first worker roles become active and start to render the first frames of the animation. The CloudRay Monitor application displays an icon for each worker role instance, with a number indicating the number of frames that the worker role has rendered. The statistics on the left show the number of active worker roles and statistics about the render process. The render time is the time since the first worker role became active; the CPU time is the total amount of processing time used by all worker role instances to render the frames.   Five minutes after the first worker role became active the last of the 16 worker roles activated. By this time the first seven worker roles had each rendered one frame of the animation.   With 16 worker roles u and running it can be seen that one hour and 45 minutes CPU time has been used to render 32 frames with a render time of just under 10 minutes.     At this rate it would take over 10 hours to render the 2,000 frames of the full animation. In order to complete the animation in under an hour more processing power will be required. Scaling the render farm from 16 instances to 256 instances is easy using the new management portal. The slider is set to 256 instances, and the configuration saved. We do not need to re-deploy the application, and the 16 instances that are up and running will not be affected. Alternatively, the configuration file for the Azure service could be modified to specify 256 instances.   <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?> <ServiceConfiguration serviceName="CloudRay" xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/ServiceHosting/2008/10/ServiceConfiguration" osFamily="1" osVersion="*">   <Role name="CloudRayWorkerRole">     <Instances count="256" />     <ConfigurationSettings>       <Setting name="DataConnectionString"         value="DefaultEndpointsProtocol=https;AccountName=cloudraydata;AccountKey=..." />     </ConfigurationSettings>   </Role> </ServiceConfiguration>     Six minutes after the new configuration has been applied 75 new worker roles have activated and are processing their first frames.   Five minutes later the full configuration of 256 worker roles is up and running. We can see that the average rate of frame rendering has increased from 3 to 12 frames per minute, and that over 17 hours of CPU time has been utilized in 23 minutes. In this test the time to provision 140 worker roles was about 11 minutes, which works out at about one every five seconds.   We are now half way through the rendering, with 1,000 frames complete. This has utilized just under three days of CPU time in a little over 35 minutes.   The animation is now complete, with 2,000 frames rendered in a little over 52 minutes. The CPU time used by the 256 worker roles is 6 days, 7 hours and 22 minutes with an average frame rate of 38 frames per minute. The rendering of the last 1,000 frames took 16 minutes 27 seconds, which works out at a rendering rate of 60 frames per minute. The frame counts in the server instances indicate that the use of a queue to distribute the workload has been very effective in distributing the load across the 256 worker role instances. The first 16 instances that were deployed first have rendered between 11 and 13 frames each, whilst the 240 instances that were added when the application was scaled have rendered between 6 and 9 frames each.   Completed Animation I’ve uploaded the completed animation to YouTube, a low resolution preview is shown below. Pin Board Animation Created using Windows Kinect and 256 Windows Azure Worker Roles   The animation can be viewed in 1280x720 resolution at the following link: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=n5jy6bvSxWc Effective Use of Resources According to the CloudRay monitor statistics the animation took 6 days, 7 hours and 22 minutes CPU to render, this works out at 152 hours of compute time, rounded up to the nearest hour. As the usage for the worker role instances are billed for the full hour, it may have been possible to render the animation using fewer than 256 worker roles. When deciding the optimal usage of resources, the time required to provision and start the worker roles must also be considered. In the demo I started with 16 worker roles, and then scaled the application to 256 worker roles. It would have been more optimal to start the application with maybe 200 worker roles, and utilized the full hour that I was being billed for. This would, however, have prevented showing the ease of scalability of the application. The new management portal displays the CPU usage across the worker roles in the deployment. The average CPU usage across all instances is 93.27%, with over 99% used when all the instances are up and running. This shows that the worker role resources are being used very effectively. Grid Computing Scenarios Although I am using this scenario for a hobby project, there are many scenarios where a large amount of compute power is required for a short period of time. Windows Azure provides a great platform for developing these types of grid computing applications, and can work out very cost effective. ·         Windows Azure can provide massive compute power, on demand, in a matter of minutes. ·         The use of queues to manage the load balancing of jobs between role instances is a simple and effective solution. ·         Using a cloud-computing platform like Windows Azure allows proof-of-concept scenarios to be tested and evaluated on a very low budget. ·         No charges for inbound data transfer makes the uploading of large data sets to Windows Azure Storage services cost effective. (Transaction charges still apply.) Tips for using Windows Azure for Grid Computing Scenarios I found the implementation of a render farm using Windows Azure a fairly simple scenario to implement. I was impressed by ease of scalability that Azure provides, and by the short time that the application took to scale from 16 to 256 worker role instances. In this case it was around 13 minutes, in other tests it took between 10 and 20 minutes. The following tips may be useful when implementing a grid computing project in Windows Azure. ·         Using an Azure Storage queue to load-balance the units of work across multiple worker roles is simple and very effective. The design I have used in this scenario could easily scale to many thousands of worker role instances. ·         Windows Azure accounts are typically limited to 20 cores. If you need to use more than this, a call to support and a credit card check will be required. ·         Be aware of how the billing model works. You will be charged for worker role instances for the full clock our in which the instance is deployed. Schedule the workload to start just after the clock hour has started. ·         Monitor the utilization of the resources you are provisioning, ensure that you are not paying for worker roles that are idle. ·         If you are deploying third party applications to worker roles, you may well run into licensing issues. Purchasing software licenses on a per-processor basis when using hundreds of processors for a short time period would not be cost effective. ·         Third party software may also require installation onto the worker roles, which can be accomplished using start-up tasks. Bear in mind that adding a startup task and possible re-boot will add to the time required for the worker role instance to start and activate. An alternative may be to use a prepared VM and use VM roles. ·         Consider using the Windows Azure Autoscaling Application Block (WASABi) to autoscale the worker roles in your application. When using a large number of worker roles, the utilization must be carefully monitored, if the scaling algorithms are not optimal it could get very expensive!

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• error in IIS7 but not on IIS6

  - by Brad

  I have a website that is we are now deploying to windows 2008 servers that has worked in the past on IIS6 without a problem. It is using .net 2 framework. Most of the website works. Just when we create a screen report over a certain size on the server we get this error. Event code: 3005 Event message: An unhandled exception has occurred. Event time: 6/2/2010 10:40:17 AM Event time (UTC): 6/2/2010 3:40:17 PM Event ID: 1b719ad45d444f949ecc9cbc23f49720 Event sequence: 10 Event occurrence: 1 Event detail code: 0 Application information: Application domain: /LM/W3SVC/3/ROOT-1-129199668164927170 Trust level: Full Application Virtual Path: / Application Path: c:\web\PatronAccess\ Machine name: WIN2008DEV Process information: Process ID: 4712 Process name: w3wp.exe Account name: NT AUTHORITY\NETWORK SERVICE Exception information: Exception type: HttpException Exception message: Invalid viewstate. Request information: Request URL: http://win2008dev/WebResource.axd?d=xCXKkHAeSYHWbCg.gif Request path: /WebResource.axd User host address: 172.17.2.66 User: Is authenticated: False Authentication Type: Thread account name: NT AUTHORITY\NETWORK SERVICE Thread information: Thread ID: 6 Thread account name: NT AUTHORITY\NETWORK SERVICE Is impersonating: False Stack trace: at System.Web.UI.Page.DecryptStringWithIV(String s, IVType ivType) at System.Web.Handlers.AssemblyResourceLoader.System.Web.IHttpHandler.ProcessRequest(HttpContext context) at System.Web.HttpApplication.CallHandlerExecutionStep.System.Web.HttpApplication.IExecutionStep.Execute() at System.Web.HttpApplication.ExecuteStep(IExecutionStep step, Boolean& completedSynchronously) Custom event details: And this one. A process serving application pool 'PatronAccess' suffered a fatal communication error with the Windows Process Activation Service. The process id was '4596'. The data field contains the error number. I have a debug of the application pool but I don't know where to go from here. * wait with pending attach Symbol search path is: Executable search path is: ModLoad: 00bd0000 00bd8000 c:\windows\system32\inetsrv\w3wp.exe ModLoad: 77380000 774a7000 C:\Windows\system32\ntdll.dll ModLoad: 75cb0000 75d8b000 C:\Windows\system32\kernel32.dll ModLoad: 75b60000 75c26000 C:\Windows\system32\ADVAPI32.dll ModLoad: 75df0000 75eb2000 C:\Windows\system32\RPCRT4.dll ModLoad: 76500000 765aa000 C:\Windows\system32\msvcrt.dll ModLoad: 76250000 762ed000 C:\Windows\system32\USER32.dll ModLoad: 75ae0000 75b2b000 C:\Windows\system32\GDI32.dll ModLoad: 75ec0000 76004000 C:\Windows\system32\ole32.dll ModLoad: 731a0000 731d6000 c:\windows\system32\inetsrv\IISUTIL.dll ModLoad: 75330000 75421000 C:\Windows\system32\CRYPT32.dll ModLoad: 75490000 754a2000 C:\Windows\system32\MSASN1.dll ModLoad: 758e0000 758fe000 C:\Windows\system32\USERENV.dll ModLoad: 758c0000 758d4000 C:\Windows\system32\Secur32.dll ModLoad: 75b30000 75b5d000 C:\Windows\system32\WS2_32.dll ModLoad: 774e0000 774e6000 C:\Windows\system32\NSI.dll ModLoad: 75ac0000 75ade000 C:\Windows\system32\IMM32.DLL ModLoad: 772b0000 77378000 C:\Windows\system32\MSCTF.dll ModLoad: 774f0000 774f9000 C:\Windows\system32\LPK.DLL ModLoad: 75c30000 75cad000 C:\Windows\system32\USP10.dll ModLoad: 74d30000 74d51000 C:\Windows\system32\NTMARTA.DLL ModLoad: 77500000 7754a000 C:\Windows\system32\WLDAP32.dll ModLoad: 75990000 75997000 C:\Windows\system32\PSAPI.DLL ModLoad: 754b0000 754c1000 C:\Windows\system32\SAMLIB.dll ModLoad: 744c0000 744ce000 c:\windows\system32\inetsrv\w3wphost.dll ModLoad: 77550000 775dd000 C:\Windows\system32\OLEAUT32.dll ModLoad: 72ec0000 72f12000 c:\windows\system32\inetsrv\nativerd.dll ModLoad: 742a0000 742cf000 C:\Windows\system32\XmlLite.dll ModLoad: 72e60000 72e90000 c:\windows\system32\inetsrv\IISRES.DLL ModLoad: 74f40000 74f7b000 C:\Windows\system32\rsaenh.dll ModLoad: 72f40000 72f86000 C:\Windows\system32\mscoree.dll ModLoad: 75d90000 75de8000 C:\Windows\system32\SHLWAPI.dll ModLoad: 74600000 7479e000 C:\Windows\WinSxS\x86_microsoft.windows.common-controls_6595b64144ccf1df_6.0.6001.18000_none_5cdbaa5a083979cc\comctl32.dll ModLoad: 72310000 728a0000 C:\Windows\Microsoft.NET\Framework\v2.0.50727\mscorwks.dll ModLoad: 72dc0000 72e5b000 C:\Windows\WinSxS\x86_microsoft.vc80.crt_1fc8b3b9a1e18e3b_8.0.50727.3053_none_d08d7bba442a9b36\MSVCR80.dll ModLoad: 75a30000 75ab4000 C:\Windows\system32\CLBCatQ.DLL ModLoad: 728a0000 728d0000 C:\Windows\system32\mlang.dll ModLoad: 6c7d0000 6c801000 C:\Windows\system32\inetsrv\iiscore.dll ModLoad: 71fd0000 71fd7000 c:\windows\system32\inetsrv\W3TP.dll ModLoad: 74480000 74489000 c:\windows\system32\inetsrv\w3dt.dll ModLoad: 71fb0000 71fbb000 C:\Windows\system32\HTTPAPI.dll ModLoad: 752f0000 7532a000 C:\Windows\system32\slc.dll ModLoad: 6cad0000 6caf8000 C:\Windows\system32\faultrep.dll ModLoad: 75050000 75058000 C:\Windows\system32\VERSION.dll ModLoad: 74b80000 74b8f000 C:\Windows\system32\NLAapi.dll ModLoad: 75290000 752a9000 C:\Windows\system32\IPHLPAPI.DLL ModLoad: 75250000 75285000 C:\Windows\system32\dhcpcsvc.DLL ModLoad: 754d0000 754fc000 C:\Windows\system32\DNSAPI.dll ModLoad: 75240000 75247000 C:\Windows\system32\WINNSI.DLL ModLoad: 75210000 75231000 C:\Windows\system32\dhcpcsvc6.DLL ModLoad: 750b0000 750eb000 C:\Windows\System32\mswsock.dll ModLoad: 73920000 73928000 C:\Windows\System32\winrnr.dll ModLoad: 73720000 7372f000 C:\Windows\system32\napinsp.dll ModLoad: 74d00000 74d05000 C:\Windows\System32\wshtcpip.dll ModLoad: 75140000 75145000 C:\Windows\System32\wship6.dll ModLoad: 73910000 73916000 C:\Windows\system32\rasadhlp.dll ModLoad: 6ca00000 6ca06000 C:\Windows\System32\inetsrv\cachuri.dll ModLoad: 6c9f0000 6c9f8000 C:\Windows\System32\inetsrv\cachfile.dll ModLoad: 6c9e0000 6c9e6000 C:\Windows\System32\inetsrv\cachtokn.dll ModLoad: 6c9d0000 6c9de000 C:\Windows\System32\inetsrv\cachhttp.dll ModLoad: 6c960000 6c96e000 C:\Windows\System32\inetsrv\compstat.dll ModLoad: 6c930000 6c938000 C:\Windows\System32\inetsrv\defdoc.dll ModLoad: 6c910000 6c919000 C:\Windows\System32\inetsrv\dirlist.dll ModLoad: 6c6b0000 6c6b8000 C:\Windows\System32\inetsrv\protsup.dll ModLoad: 6c6a0000 6c6ad000 C:\Windows\System32\inetsrv\static.dll ModLoad: 6c690000 6c69b000 C:\Windows\System32\inetsrv\authanon.dll ModLoad: 6c680000 6c68b000 C:\Windows\System32\inetsrv\authbas.dll ModLoad: 6c630000 6c63e000 C:\Windows\System32\inetsrv\authsspi.dll ModLoad: 755b0000 75625000 C:\Windows\system32\NETAPI32.dll ModLoad: 6c620000 6c62b000 C:\Windows\System32\inetsrv\modrqflt.dll ModLoad: 6c610000 6c61d000 C:\Windows\System32\inetsrv\custerr.dll ModLoad: 6c5c0000 6c5c8000 C:\Windows\System32\inetsrv\loghttp.dll ModLoad: 6c330000 6c337000 C:\Windows\System32\inetsrv\iisreqs.dll ModLoad: 728f0000 728f7000 C:\Windows\system32\WSOCK32.dll ModLoad: 6c1f0000 6c20e000 C:\Windows\System32\inetsrv\isapi.dll ModLoad: 6c000000 6c011000 C:\Windows\System32\inetsrv\filter.dll ModLoad: 6c320000 6c328000 C:\Windows\System32\inetsrv\validcfg.dll ModLoad: 6a2a0000 6a30d000 C:\Windows\Microsoft.NET\Framework\v2.0.50727\webengine.dll ModLoad: 60060000 60067000 C:\Windows\Microsoft.NET\Framework\v2.0.50727\aspnet_filter.dll ModLoad: 6c310000 6c319000 C:\Windows\system32\inetsrv\wbhst_pm.dll ModLoad: 765b0000 770c0000 C:\Windows\system32\shell32.dll ModLoad: 70d10000 71807000 C:\Windows\assembly\NativeImages_v2.0.50727_32\mscorlib\17f572b09facdc5fda9431558eb7a26e\mscorlib.ni.dll ModLoad: 70580000 70d05000 C:\Windows\assembly\NativeImages_v2.0.50727_32\System\52e1ea3c7491e05cda766d7b3ce3d559\System.ni.dll ModLoad: 03990000 044d3000 C:\Windows\assembly\NativeImages_v2.0.50727_32\System.Web\96071d36e4d44ebb31a3b46f08fdc732\System.Web.ni.dll ModLoad: 75770000 757cf000 C:\Windows\system32\sxs.dll ModLoad: 72ac0000 72bb1000 C:\Windows\assembly\NativeImages_v2.0.50727_32\System.Configuration\e6001d416f7c468334934a2c6a41c631\System.Configuration.ni.dll ModLoad: 71890000 71dc6000 C:\Windows\assembly\NativeImages_v2.0.50727_32\System.Xml\7208ffa39630e9b923331f9df0947a12\System.Xml.ni.dll ModLoad: 66580000 667bc000 C:\Windows\assembly\NativeImages_v2.0.50727_32\Microsoft.JScript\1543943b86269c9bebd5cf7a3fe7f55b\Microsoft.JScript.ni.dll ModLoad: 74460000 74468000 C:\Windows\Microsoft.NET\Framework\v2.0.50727\Temporary ASP.NET Files\root\048afd31\e1f306b4\App_global.asax.cyzjkxpg.dll ModLoad: 65d20000 65e7c000 C:\Windows\Microsoft.NET\Framework\v2.0.50727\Temporary ASP.NET Files\root\048afd31\e1f306b4\assembly\dl3\10097bf6\5f9a08ec_fffcca01\PatronAccess.DLL ModLoad: 72030000 7208b000 C:\Windows\Microsoft.NET\Framework\v2.0.50727\mscorjit.dll ModLoad: 68ab0000 68bca000 C:\Windows\assembly\NativeImages_v2.0.50727_32\System.Web.Extensio#\3b4cb090536bf6b0dfae8cefaeeadb9f\System.Web.Extensions.ni.dll ModLoad: 64020000 64033000 C:\Windows\Microsoft.NET\Framework\v2.0.50727\mscorsec.dll ModLoad: 73c40000 73c6d000 C:\Windows\system32\WINTRUST.dll ModLoad: 774b0000 774d9000 C:\Windows\system32\imagehlp.dll ModLoad: 73690000 73715000 C:\Windows\WinSxS\x86_microsoft.windows.common-controls_6595b64144ccf1df_5.82.6001.18000_none_886786f450a74a05\COMCTL32.dll ModLoad: 75170000 751a5000 C:\Windows\system32\ncrypt.dll ModLoad: 751b0000 751f5000 C:\Windows\system32\BCRYPT.dll ModLoad: 74d90000 74da5000 C:\Windows\system32\GPAPI.dll ModLoad: 73520000 7353b000 C:\Windows\system32\cryptnet.dll ModLoad: 73440000 73446000 C:\Windows\system32\SensApi.dll ModLoad: 73a50000 73a65000 C:\Windows\system32\Cabinet.dll ModLoad: 6ae30000 6ae3a000 C:\Windows\system32\inetsrv\gzip.dll ModLoad: 69e50000 69e6a000 C:\Windows\Microsoft.NET\Framework\v2.0.50727\Temporary ASP.NET Files\root\048afd31\e1f306b4\App_Web_kal6czmb.dll ModLoad: 69e10000 69e3c000 C:\Windows\Microsoft.NET\Framework\v2.0.50727\Temporary ASP.NET Files\root\048afd31\e1f306b4\App_Web_b1efcjqz.dll ModLoad: 69bd0000 69c26000 C:\Windows\Microsoft.NET\Framework\v2.0.50727\Temporary ASP.NET Files\root\048afd31\e1f306b4\assembly\dl3\e8a04837\0093847c_5153ca01\Infragistics2.WebUI.UltraWebTab.v9.2.DLL ModLoad: 5e480000 5e95e000 C:\Windows\Microsoft.NET\Framework\v2.0.50727\Temporary ASP.NET Files\root\048afd31\e1f306b4\assembly\dl3\719ff0ee\00c37169_5153ca01\Infragistics2.Web.v9.2.DLL ModLoad: 67c90000 67d1a000 C:\Windows\Microsoft.NET\Framework\v2.0.50727\Temporary ASP.NET Files\root\048afd31\e1f306b4\assembly\dl3\ba3b912a\00d19870_5153ca01\Infragistics2.WebUI.Shared.v9.2.DLL ModLoad: 656a0000 6587a000 C:\Windows\Microsoft.NET\Framework\v2.0.50727\Temporary ASP.NET Files\root\048afd31\e1f306b4\assembly\dl3\6470a692\14d22a05_ef2ac901\AjaxControlToolkit.DLL ModLoad: 66960000 66ae8000 C:\Windows\assembly\NativeImages_v2.0.50727_32\System.Drawing\6312464f64727a2a50d5ce3fd73ad1bb\System.Drawing.ni.dll ModLoad: 6e690000 6ece3000 C:\Windows\assembly\NativeImages_v2.0.50727_32\System.Data\813556b5a2722045b0ea14467fd00227\System.Data.ni.dll ModLoad: 64e70000 65144000 C:\Windows\assembly\GAC_32\System.Data\2.0.0.0__b77a5c561934e089\System.Data.dll ModLoad: 69c70000 69ca2000 C:\Windows\Microsoft.NET\Framework\v2.0.50727\Temporary ASP.NET Files\root\048afd31\e1f306b4\App_Web_zwtn5a73.dll ModLoad: 69e70000 69e8e000 C:\Windows\Microsoft.NET\Framework\v2.0.50727\Temporary ASP.NET Files\root\048afd31\e1f306b4\App_Web_qijxg7dv.dll ModLoad: 645a0000 647bf000 C:\Windows\assembly\NativeImages_v2.0.50727_32\System.Web.Mobile\b472cb382c17ffc3cb1a91ce12d90bf1\System.Web.Mobile.ni.dll ModLoad: 69c30000 69c66000 C:\Windows\assembly\NativeImages_v2.0.50727_32\System.Web.RegularE#\e6b57c0506ec849c6706cb5617ad7372\System.Web.RegularExpressions.ni.dll ModLoad: 6c300000 6c30a000 C:\Windows\Microsoft.NET\Framework\v2.0.50727\Temporary ASP.NET Files\root\048afd31\e1f306b4\App_Web__hyepzhd.dll ModLoad: 69e00000 69e08000 C:\Windows\Microsoft.NET\Framework\v2.0.50727\Temporary ASP.NET Files\root\048afd31\e1f306b4\assembly\dl3\5ef208f7\b68a494a_e840c901\SessionTimeoutControl.DLL ModLoad: 69d50000 69d5c000 C:\Windows\Microsoft.NET\Framework\v2.0.50727\Temporary ASP.NET Files\root\048afd31\e1f306b4\assembly\dl3\619d48f7\0f695f01_fdfcca01\AgNetDataPro.DLL ModLoad: 69cd0000 69ce8000 C:\Windows\Microsoft.NET\Framework\v2.0.50727\Temporary ASP.NET Files\root\048afd31\e1f306b4\assembly\dl3\dc1703ed\00e1c635_caeaca01\xfnlnet.DLL ModLoad: 73d50000 73efb000 C:\Windows\WinSxS\x86_microsoft.windows.gdiplus_6595b64144ccf1df_1.0.6001.18175_none_9e7bbe54c9c04bca\gdiplus.dll (16cc.14e0): Break instruction exception - code 80000003 (first chance) eax=7ffa6000 ebx=00000000 ecx=00000000 edx=7740d094 esi=00000000 edi=00000000 eip=773c7dfe esp=051ff774 ebp=051ff7a0 iopl=0 nv up ei pl zr na pe nc cs=001b ss=0023 ds=0023 es=0023 fs=003b gs=0000 efl=00000246 ntdll!DbgBreakPoint: 773c7dfe cc int 3 0:021 g (16cc.1454): Access violation - code c0000005 (first chance) First chance exceptions are reported before any exception handling. This exception may be expected and handled. eax=00000000 ebx=00000479 ecx=00000000 edx=019d21f8 esi=019d1f18 edi=019ba74c eip=013849ed esp=0499ea44 ebp=0499f15c iopl=0 nv up ei pl zr na pe nc cs=001b ss=0023 ds=0023 es=0023 fs=003b gs=0000 efl=00010246 013849ed 8b01 mov eax,dword ptr [ecx] ds:0023:00000000=???????? 0:018 g ModLoad: 65890000 65a55000 C:\Windows\assembly\NativeImages_v2.0.50727_32\System.Web.Services\2fa835ce2dcace4fc7c0009f102efc79\System.Web.Services.ni.dll ModLoad: 6f2b0000 6f34d000 C:\Windows\assembly\NativeImages_v2.0.50727_32\System.EnterpriseSe#\ae383808b3f5ee9287358378f9a2cad3\System.EnterpriseServices.ni.dll ModLoad: 10000000 10020000 System.EnterpriseServices.Wrapper.dll ModLoad: 00e50000 00e70000 System.EnterpriseServices.Wrapper.dll ModLoad: 66da0000 66de8000 C:\Windows\assembly\NativeImages_v2.0.50727_32\System.EnterpriseSe#\ae383808b3f5ee9287358378f9a2cad3\System.EnterpriseServices.Wrapper.dll ModLoad: 10000000 10020000 C:\Windows\assembly\GAC_32\System.EnterpriseServices\2.0.0.0__b03f5f7f11d50a3a\System.EnterpriseServices.Wrapper.dll ModLoad: 6ab40000 6ab4c000 image6ab40000 ModLoad: 04950000 0495c000 image04950000 ModLoad: 049a0000 049c0000 image049a0000 ModLoad: 049d0000 049f0000 image049d0000 ModLoad: 049a0000 049c0000 image049a0000 ModLoad: 04a40000 04a60000 image04a40000 ModLoad: 049a0000 049c0000 image049a0000 ModLoad: 04a40000 04a60000 image04a40000 ModLoad: 049a0000 049c0000 C:\Windows\Microsoft.NET\Framework\v2.0.50727\Temporary ASP.NET Files\root\048afd31\e1f306b4\assembly\dl3\da3b70a0\00e9280f_c1f4c201\ICSharpCode.SharpZipLib.DLL ModLoad: 5eb40000 5f01e000 Infragistics2.Web.v9.2.dll ModLoad: 05a00000 05ede000 Infragistics2.Web.v9.2.dll ModLoad: 694d0000 694fa000 image694d0000 ModLoad: 049d0000 049fa000 image049d0000 ModLoad: 68cc0000 68cea000 image68cc0000 ModLoad: 04e40000 04e6a000 image04e40000 ModLoad: 69470000 6949a000 image69470000 ModLoad: 04e40000 04e6a000 image04e40000 ModLoad: 69470000 6949a000 C:\Windows\Microsoft.NET\Framework\v2.0.50727\Temporary ASP.NET Files\root\048afd31\e1f306b4\assembly\dl3\f77351ae\00582c74_5153ca01\Infragistics2.WebUI.Misc.v9.2.DLL ModLoad: 67d20000 67daa000 image67d20000 ModLoad: 04e70000 04efa000 image04e70000 ModLoad: 643e0000 64598000 Infragistics2.WebUI.UltraWebChart.v9.2.dll ModLoad: 05a00000 05bb8000 Infragistics2.WebUI.UltraWebChart.v9.2.dll ModLoad: 63ac0000 63c78000 Infragistics2.WebUI.UltraWebChart.v9.2.dll ModLoad: 05bc0000 05d78000 Infragistics2.WebUI.UltraWebChart.v9.2.dll ModLoad: 63900000 63ab8000 Infragistics2.WebUI.UltraWebChart.v9.2.dll ModLoad: 05bc0000 05d78000 Infragistics2.WebUI.UltraWebChart.v9.2.dll ModLoad: 63900000 63ab8000 C:\Windows\Microsoft.NET\Framework\v2.0.50727\Temporary ASP.NET Files\root\048afd31\e1f306b4\assembly\dl3\9acf477c\0030eeb6_5153ca01\Infragistics2.WebUI.UltraWebChart.v9.2.DLL ModLoad: 60570000 607b6000 image60570000 ModLoad: 05d80000 05fc6000 image05d80000 ModLoad: 64350000 64596000 image64350000 ModLoad: 05fd0000 06216000 image05fd0000 ModLoad: 5edd0000 5f016000 image5edd0000 ModLoad: 05fd0000 06216000 image05fd0000 ModLoad: 5edd0000 5f016000 C:\Windows\Microsoft.NET\Framework\v2.0.50727\Temporary ASP.NET Files\root\048afd31\e1f306b4\assembly\dl3\30e4a2ff\00dfbf77_5153ca01\Infragistics2.WebUI.UltraWebGrid.v9.2.DLL ModLoad: 67d50000 67da6000 image67d50000 ModLoad: 04e70000 04ec6000 image04e70000 ModLoad: 68cb0000 68ce4000 image68cb0000 ModLoad: 04e70000 04ea4000 image04e70000 ModLoad: 68790000 687c4000 image68790000 ModLoad: 04eb0000 04ee4000 image04eb0000 ModLoad: 688f0000 68924000 image688f0000 ModLoad: 04eb0000 04ee4000 image04eb0000 ModLoad: 688f0000 68924000 C:\Windows\Microsoft.NET\Framework\v2.0.50727\Temporary ASP.NET Files\root\048afd31\e1f306b4\assembly\dl3\2420cb22\00a1ab83_5153ca01\Infragistics2.WebUI.WebCombo.v9.2.DLL ModLoad: 66d50000 66da0000 image66d50000 ModLoad: 04f80000 04fd0000 image04f80000 ModLoad: 67d60000 67db0000 image67d60000 ModLoad: 05a00000 05a50000 image05a00000 ModLoad: 66d00000 66d50000 image66d00000 ModLoad: 05a00000 05a50000 image05a00000 ModLoad: 66d00000 66d50000 C:\Windows\Microsoft.NET\Framework\v2.0.50727\Temporary ASP.NET Files\root\048afd31\e1f306b4\assembly\dl3\6ceab935\00b28e76_5153ca01\Infragistics2.WebUI.WebDataInput.v9.2.DLL ModLoad: 11000000 1112e000 image11000000 ModLoad: 05a50000 05b7e000 image05a50000 ModLoad: 11000000 1112e000 image11000000 ModLoad: 05d80000 05eae000 image05d80000 ModLoad: 11000000 1112e000 image11000000 ModLoad: 05d80000 05eae000 image05d80000 ModLoad: 11000000 1112e000 C:\Windows\Microsoft.NET\Framework\v2.0.50727\Temporary ASP.NET Files\root\048afd31\e1f306b4\assembly\dl3\e99fdd05\00c79c09_d868c301\itextsharp.DLL ModLoad: 04df0000 04dfe000 LinkPointAPI-cs.dll ModLoad: 04e70000 04e7e000 LinkPointAPI-cs.dll ModLoad: 04df0000 04dfe000 LinkPointAPI-cs.dll ModLoad: 04e80000 04e8e000 LinkPointAPI-cs.dll ModLoad: 04df0000 04dfe000 LinkPointAPI-cs.dll ModLoad: 04e80000 04e8e000 LinkPointAPI-cs.dll ModLoad: 04df0000 04dfe000 C:\Windows\Microsoft.NET\Framework\v2.0.50727\Temporary ASP.NET Files\root\048afd31\e1f306b4\assembly\dl3\0e724536\00922343_54dfc701\LinkPointAPI-cs.DLL ModLoad: 04e70000 04e78000 image04e70000 ModLoad: 04e90000 04e98000 image04e90000 ModLoad: 04e70000 04e78000 image04e70000 ModLoad: 04ea0000 04ea8000 image04ea0000 ModLoad: 04e70000 04e78000 image04e70000 ModLoad: 04ea0000 04ea8000 image04ea0000 ModLoad: 04e70000 04e78000 C:\Windows\Microsoft.NET\Framework\v2.0.50727\Temporary ASP.NET Files\root\048afd31\e1f306b4\assembly\dl3\859797c4\00eb5fc5_bed8c401\LinkPointTransaction.DLL ModLoad: 65e80000 65fdc000 PatronAccess.dll ModLoad: 05a50000 05bac000 PatronAccess.dll ModLoad: 6ab40000 6ab48000 SessionTimeoutControl.dll ModLoad: 04e90000 04e98000 SessionTimeoutControl.dll ModLoad: 6ab80000 6ab8e000 WebServices.dll ModLoad: 04e90000 04e9e000 WebServices.dll ModLoad: 6ab40000 6ab4e000 WebServices.dll ModLoad: 04ef0000 04efe000 WebServices.dll ModLoad: 69d40000 69d4e000 WebServices.dll ModLoad: 04ef0000 04efe000 WebServices.dll ModLoad: 69d40000 69d4e000 C:\Windows\Microsoft.NET\Framework\v2.0.50727\Temporary ASP.NET Files\root\048afd31\e1f306b4\assembly\dl3\21555aa5\5f498093_fefcca01\WebServices.DLL ModLoad: 694e0000 694f8000 image694e0000 ModLoad: 04f80000 04f98000 image04f80000 ModLoad: 661c0000 6624e000 System.ServiceModel.Web.dll ModLoad: 05a50000 05ade000 System.ServiceModel.Web.dll ModLoad: 5d850000 5ddfc000 System.ServiceModel.dll ModLoad: 06220000 067cc000 System.ServiceModel.dll ModLoad: 65ef0000 65fe0000 System.Runtime.Serialization.dll ModLoad: 05eb0000 05fa0000 System.Runtime.Serialization.dll ModLoad: 694e0000 694fe000 SMDiagnostics.dll ModLoad: 04f80000 04f9e000 SMDiagnostics.dll ModLoad: 65be0000 65d1c000 System.Web.Extensions.dll ModLoad: 067d0000 0690c000 System.Web.Extensions.dll ModLoad: 67d40000 67dac000 System.IdentityModel.dll ModLoad: 05ae0000 05b4c000 System.IdentityModel.dll ModLoad: 687a0000 687c2000 System.IdentityModel.Selectors.dll ModLoad: 04fa0000 04fc2000 System.IdentityModel.Selectors.dll ModLoad: 66c90000 66cf4000 Microsoft.Transactions.Bridge.dll ModLoad: 05b50000 05bb4000 Microsoft.Transactions.Bridge.dll ModLoad: 69130000 69146000 System.Web.Abstractions.dll ModLoad: 051b0000 051c6000 System.Web.Abstractions.dll ModLoad: 65150000 651f6000 System.Core.dll ModLoad: 06910000 069b6000 System.Core.dll ModLoad: 64440000 644ea000 System.Data.Linq.dll ModLoad: 069c0000 06a6a000 System.Data.Linq.dll ModLoad: 66d50000 66d9c000 System.Data.Services.Client.dll ModLoad: 06a70000 06abc000 System.Data.Services.Client.dll ModLoad: 68cd0000 68cf0000 System.Data.Services.Design.dll ModLoad: 05210000 05230000 System.Data.Services.Design.dll ModLoad: 5eb00000 5edc2000 System.Data.Entity.dll ModLoad: 06ac0000 06d82000 System.Data.Entity.dll ModLoad: 66af0000 66b16000 System.Xml.Linq.dll ModLoad: 05fa0000 05fc6000 System.Xml.Linq.dll ModLoad: 661c0000 6624e000 C:\Windows\assembly\GAC_MSIL\System.ServiceModel.Web\3.5.0.0__31bf3856ad364e35\System.ServiceModel.Web.dll ModLoad: 64520000 6459e000 System.WorkflowServices.dll ModLoad: 06d90000 06e0e000 System.WorkflowServices.dll ModLoad: 63af0000 63c80000 System.Workflow.ComponentModel.dll ModLoad: 06e10000 06fa0000 System.Workflow.ComponentModel.dll ModLoad: 64320000 6443a000 System.Workflow.Activities.dll ModLoad: 06fa0000 070ba000 System.Workflow.Activities.dll ModLoad: 62cf0000 62d78000 System.Workflow.Runtime.dll ModLoad: 070c0000 07148000 System.Workflow.Runtime.dll ModLoad: 68cb0000 68cc6000 Microsoft.Build.Utilities.dll ModLoad: 07150000 07166000 Microsoft.Build.Utilities.dll ModLoad: 6ab80000 6ab8c000 Microsoft.Build.Framework.dll ModLoad: 05230000 0523c000 Microsoft.Build.Framework.dll ModLoad: 07170000 07214000 Microsoft.Build.Tasks.dll ModLoad: 07220000 072c4000 Microsoft.Build.Tasks.dll ModLoad: 64520000 6459e000 C:\Windows\assembly\GAC_MSIL\System.WorkflowServices\3.5.0.0__31bf3856ad364e35\System.WorkflowServices.dll ModLoad: 5d610000 5d84e000 C:\Windows\assembly\NativeImages_v2.0.50727_32\System.Runtime.Seri#\a33b3b88fd575b703ba4212c677880ae\System.Runtime.Serialization.ni.dll ModLoad: 605a0000 606a6000 C:\Windows\assembly\NativeImages_v2.0.50727_32\System.IdentityModel\3bfbe737873becead614d1504e7d5684\System.IdentityModel.ni.dll ModLoad: 5ab70000 5bbf7000 C:\Windows\assembly\NativeImages_v2.0.50727_32\System.ServiceModel\7115815b53ec561932345e16fbeea968\System.ServiceModel.ni.dll ModLoad: 61440000 6201e000 C:\Windows\assembly\NativeImages_v2.0.50727_32\System.Windows.Forms\1941d7639299344ae28fb6b23da65247\System.Windows.Forms.ni.dll ModLoad: 5d190000 5d3c4000 C:\Windows\assembly\NativeImages_v2.0.50727_32\System.Core\a0522cb280c09b3441e1889502ca145a\System.Core.ni.dll ModLoad: 60a00000 61433000 C:\Windows\assembly\NativeImages_v2.0.50727_32\System.Design\d3fa02f8a34329c8b84c004afaea7054\System.Design.ni.dll (16cc.1454): CLR exception - code e0434f4d (first chance) (16cc.1454): Access violation - code c0000005 (first chance) First chance exceptions are reported before any exception handling. This exception may be expected and handled. eax=00000000 ebx=01776038 ecx=00000000 edx=00000000 esi=017ff314 edi=018907f8 eip=071a62fc esp=0499ee88 ebp=0499eef4 iopl=0 nv up ei pl zr na pe nc cs=001b ss=0023 ds=0023 es=0023 fs=003b gs=0000 efl=00010246 071a62fc 8b01 mov eax,dword ptr [ecx] ds:0023:00000000=???????? 0:018 g (16cc.1454): CLR exception - code e0434f4d (first chance) (16cc.1454): Access violation - code c0000005 (first chance) First chance exceptions are reported before any exception handling. This exception may be expected and handled. eax=00000000 ebx=01776038 ecx=00000000 edx=00000000 esi=017ff200 edi=0186ed04 eip=071a62fc esp=0499ee88 ebp=0499eef4 iopl=0 nv up ei pl zr na pe nc cs=001b ss=0023 ds=0023 es=0023 fs=003b gs=0000 efl=00010246 071a62fc 8b01 mov eax,dword ptr [ecx] ds:0023:00000000=???????? 0:018 g (16cc.1358): Access violation - code c0000005 (first chance) First chance exceptions are reported before any exception handling. This exception may be expected and handled. eax=00000000 ebx=01776038 ecx=00000000 edx=00000000 esi=017ff200 edi=01858380 eip=071a62fc esp=0742ee98 ebp=0742ef04 iopl=0 nv up ei pl zr na pe nc cs=001b ss=0023 ds=0023 es=0023 fs=003b gs=0000 efl=00010246 071a62fc 8b01 mov eax,dword ptr [ecx] ds:0023:00000000=???????? 0:020 g (16cc.1358): Access violation - code c0000005 (first chance) First chance exceptions are reported before any exception handling. This exception may be expected and handled. eax=00000000 ebx=017758a4 ecx=00000000 edx=00000000 esi=017fd078 edi=018b6afc eip=071a62fc esp=0742ee98 ebp=0742ef04 iopl=0 nv up ei pl zr na pe nc cs=001b ss=0023 ds=0023 es=0023 fs=003b gs=0000 efl=00010246 071a62fc 8b01 mov eax,dword ptr [ecx] ds:0023:00000000=???????? 0:020 g (16cc.1358): Stack overflow - code c00000fd (first chance) First chance exceptions are reported before any exception handling. This exception may be expected and handled. eax=00000000 ebx=020504b4 ecx=000001d1 edx=0000001b esi=020503d4 edi=073f2998 eip=6eaf0ed3 esp=073f2980 ebp=073f30ec iopl=0 nv up ei pl zr na pe nc cs=001b ss=0023 ds=0023 es=0023 fs=003b gs=0000 efl=00010246 * WARNING: Unable to verify checksum for C:\Windows\assembly\NativeImages_v2.0.50727_32\System.Data\813556b5a2722045b0ea14467fd00227\System.Data.ni.dll System_Data_ni!_bidW103 (System_Data_ni+0x460ed3): 6eaf0ed3 f3ab rep stos dword ptr es:[edi] Any help would be appricated.

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• error in IIS7 but not on IIS6

  - by Brad

  I have a website that is we are now deploying to windows 2008 servers that has worked in the past on IIS6 without a problem. It is using .net 2 framework. Most of the website works. Just when we create a screen report over a certain size on the server we get this error. Event code: 3005 Event message: An unhandled exception has occurred. Event time: 6/2/2010 10:40:17 AM Event time (UTC): 6/2/2010 3:40:17 PM Event ID: 1b719ad45d444f949ecc9cbc23f49720 Event sequence: 10 Event occurrence: 1 Event detail code: 0 Application information: Application domain: /LM/W3SVC/3/ROOT-1-129199668164927170 Trust level: Full Application Virtual Path: / Application Path: c:\web\PatronAccess\ Machine name: WIN2008DEV Process information: Process ID: 4712 Process name: w3wp.exe Account name: NT AUTHORITY\NETWORK SERVICE Exception information: Exception type: HttpException Exception message: Invalid viewstate. Request information: Request URL: http://win2008dev/WebResource.axd?d=xCXKkHAeSYHWbCg.gif Request path: /WebResource.axd User host address: 172.17.2.66 User: Is authenticated: False Authentication Type: Thread account name: NT AUTHORITY\NETWORK SERVICE Thread information: Thread ID: 6 Thread account name: NT AUTHORITY\NETWORK SERVICE Is impersonating: False Stack trace: at System.Web.UI.Page.DecryptStringWithIV(String s, IVType ivType) at System.Web.Handlers.AssemblyResourceLoader.System.Web.IHttpHandler.ProcessRequest(HttpContext context) at System.Web.HttpApplication.CallHandlerExecutionStep.System.Web.HttpApplication.IExecutionStep.Execute() at System.Web.HttpApplication.ExecuteStep(IExecutionStep step, Boolean& completedSynchronously) Custom event details: And this one. A process serving application pool 'PatronAccess' suffered a fatal communication error with the Windows Process Activation Service. The process id was '4596'. The data field contains the error number. I have a debug of the application pool but I don't know where to go from here. * wait with pending attach Symbol search path is: Executable search path is: ModLoad: 00bd0000 00bd8000 c:\windows\system32\inetsrv\w3wp.exe ModLoad: 77380000 774a7000 C:\Windows\system32\ntdll.dll ModLoad: 75cb0000 75d8b000 C:\Windows\system32\kernel32.dll ModLoad: 75b60000 75c26000 C:\Windows\system32\ADVAPI32.dll ModLoad: 75df0000 75eb2000 C:\Windows\system32\RPCRT4.dll ModLoad: 76500000 765aa000 C:\Windows\system32\msvcrt.dll ModLoad: 76250000 762ed000 C:\Windows\system32\USER32.dll ModLoad: 75ae0000 75b2b000 C:\Windows\system32\GDI32.dll ModLoad: 75ec0000 76004000 C:\Windows\system32\ole32.dll ModLoad: 731a0000 731d6000 c:\windows\system32\inetsrv\IISUTIL.dll ModLoad: 75330000 75421000 C:\Windows\system32\CRYPT32.dll ModLoad: 75490000 754a2000 C:\Windows\system32\MSASN1.dll ModLoad: 758e0000 758fe000 C:\Windows\system32\USERENV.dll ModLoad: 758c0000 758d4000 C:\Windows\system32\Secur32.dll ModLoad: 75b30000 75b5d000 C:\Windows\system32\WS2_32.dll ModLoad: 774e0000 774e6000 C:\Windows\system32\NSI.dll ModLoad: 75ac0000 75ade000 C:\Windows\system32\IMM32.DLL ModLoad: 772b0000 77378000 C:\Windows\system32\MSCTF.dll ModLoad: 774f0000 774f9000 C:\Windows\system32\LPK.DLL ModLoad: 75c30000 75cad000 C:\Windows\system32\USP10.dll ModLoad: 74d30000 74d51000 C:\Windows\system32\NTMARTA.DLL ModLoad: 77500000 7754a000 C:\Windows\system32\WLDAP32.dll ModLoad: 75990000 75997000 C:\Windows\system32\PSAPI.DLL ModLoad: 754b0000 754c1000 C:\Windows\system32\SAMLIB.dll ModLoad: 744c0000 744ce000 c:\windows\system32\inetsrv\w3wphost.dll ModLoad: 77550000 775dd000 C:\Windows\system32\OLEAUT32.dll ModLoad: 72ec0000 72f12000 c:\windows\system32\inetsrv\nativerd.dll ModLoad: 742a0000 742cf000 C:\Windows\system32\XmlLite.dll ModLoad: 72e60000 72e90000 c:\windows\system32\inetsrv\IISRES.DLL ModLoad: 74f40000 74f7b000 C:\Windows\system32\rsaenh.dll ModLoad: 72f40000 72f86000 C:\Windows\system32\mscoree.dll ModLoad: 75d90000 75de8000 C:\Windows\system32\SHLWAPI.dll ModLoad: 74600000 7479e000 C:\Windows\WinSxS\x86_microsoft.windows.common-controls_6595b64144ccf1df_6.0.6001.18000_none_5cdbaa5a083979cc\comctl32.dll ModLoad: 72310000 728a0000 C:\Windows\Microsoft.NET\Framework\v2.0.50727\mscorwks.dll ModLoad: 72dc0000 72e5b000 C:\Windows\WinSxS\x86_microsoft.vc80.crt_1fc8b3b9a1e18e3b_8.0.50727.3053_none_d08d7bba442a9b36\MSVCR80.dll ModLoad: 75a30000 75ab4000 C:\Windows\system32\CLBCatQ.DLL ModLoad: 728a0000 728d0000 C:\Windows\system32\mlang.dll ModLoad: 6c7d0000 6c801000 C:\Windows\system32\inetsrv\iiscore.dll ModLoad: 71fd0000 71fd7000 c:\windows\system32\inetsrv\W3TP.dll ModLoad: 74480000 74489000 c:\windows\system32\inetsrv\w3dt.dll ModLoad: 71fb0000 71fbb000 C:\Windows\system32\HTTPAPI.dll ModLoad: 752f0000 7532a000 C:\Windows\system32\slc.dll ModLoad: 6cad0000 6caf8000 C:\Windows\system32\faultrep.dll ModLoad: 75050000 75058000 C:\Windows\system32\VERSION.dll ModLoad: 74b80000 74b8f000 C:\Windows\system32\NLAapi.dll ModLoad: 75290000 752a9000 C:\Windows\system32\IPHLPAPI.DLL ModLoad: 75250000 75285000 C:\Windows\system32\dhcpcsvc.DLL ModLoad: 754d0000 754fc000 C:\Windows\system32\DNSAPI.dll ModLoad: 75240000 75247000 C:\Windows\system32\WINNSI.DLL ModLoad: 75210000 75231000 C:\Windows\system32\dhcpcsvc6.DLL ModLoad: 750b0000 750eb000 C:\Windows\System32\mswsock.dll ModLoad: 73920000 73928000 C:\Windows\System32\winrnr.dll ModLoad: 73720000 7372f000 C:\Windows\system32\napinsp.dll ModLoad: 74d00000 74d05000 C:\Windows\System32\wshtcpip.dll ModLoad: 75140000 75145000 C:\Windows\System32\wship6.dll ModLoad: 73910000 73916000 C:\Windows\system32\rasadhlp.dll ModLoad: 6ca00000 6ca06000 C:\Windows\System32\inetsrv\cachuri.dll ModLoad: 6c9f0000 6c9f8000 C:\Windows\System32\inetsrv\cachfile.dll ModLoad: 6c9e0000 6c9e6000 C:\Windows\System32\inetsrv\cachtokn.dll ModLoad: 6c9d0000 6c9de000 C:\Windows\System32\inetsrv\cachhttp.dll ModLoad: 6c960000 6c96e000 C:\Windows\System32\inetsrv\compstat.dll ModLoad: 6c930000 6c938000 C:\Windows\System32\inetsrv\defdoc.dll ModLoad: 6c910000 6c919000 C:\Windows\System32\inetsrv\dirlist.dll ModLoad: 6c6b0000 6c6b8000 C:\Windows\System32\inetsrv\protsup.dll ModLoad: 6c6a0000 6c6ad000 C:\Windows\System32\inetsrv\static.dll ModLoad: 6c690000 6c69b000 C:\Windows\System32\inetsrv\authanon.dll ModLoad: 6c680000 6c68b000 C:\Windows\System32\inetsrv\authbas.dll ModLoad: 6c630000 6c63e000 C:\Windows\System32\inetsrv\authsspi.dll ModLoad: 755b0000 75625000 C:\Windows\system32\NETAPI32.dll ModLoad: 6c620000 6c62b000 C:\Windows\System32\inetsrv\modrqflt.dll ModLoad: 6c610000 6c61d000 C:\Windows\System32\inetsrv\custerr.dll ModLoad: 6c5c0000 6c5c8000 C:\Windows\System32\inetsrv\loghttp.dll ModLoad: 6c330000 6c337000 C:\Windows\System32\inetsrv\iisreqs.dll ModLoad: 728f0000 728f7000 C:\Windows\system32\WSOCK32.dll ModLoad: 6c1f0000 6c20e000 C:\Windows\System32\inetsrv\isapi.dll ModLoad: 6c000000 6c011000 C:\Windows\System32\inetsrv\filter.dll ModLoad: 6c320000 6c328000 C:\Windows\System32\inetsrv\validcfg.dll ModLoad: 6a2a0000 6a30d000 C:\Windows\Microsoft.NET\Framework\v2.0.50727\webengine.dll ModLoad: 60060000 60067000 C:\Windows\Microsoft.NET\Framework\v2.0.50727\aspnet_filter.dll ModLoad: 6c310000 6c319000 C:\Windows\system32\inetsrv\wbhst_pm.dll ModLoad: 765b0000 770c0000 C:\Windows\system32\shell32.dll ModLoad: 70d10000 71807000 C:\Windows\assembly\NativeImages_v2.0.50727_32\mscorlib\17f572b09facdc5fda9431558eb7a26e\mscorlib.ni.dll ModLoad: 70580000 70d05000 C:\Windows\assembly\NativeImages_v2.0.50727_32\System\52e1ea3c7491e05cda766d7b3ce3d559\System.ni.dll ModLoad: 03990000 044d3000 C:\Windows\assembly\NativeImages_v2.0.50727_32\System.Web\96071d36e4d44ebb31a3b46f08fdc732\System.Web.ni.dll ModLoad: 75770000 757cf000 C:\Windows\system32\sxs.dll ModLoad: 72ac0000 72bb1000 C:\Windows\assembly\NativeImages_v2.0.50727_32\System.Configuration\e6001d416f7c468334934a2c6a41c631\System.Configuration.ni.dll ModLoad: 71890000 71dc6000 C:\Windows\assembly\NativeImages_v2.0.50727_32\System.Xml\7208ffa39630e9b923331f9df0947a12\System.Xml.ni.dll ModLoad: 66580000 667bc000 C:\Windows\assembly\NativeImages_v2.0.50727_32\Microsoft.JScript\1543943b86269c9bebd5cf7a3fe7f55b\Microsoft.JScript.ni.dll ModLoad: 74460000 74468000 C:\Windows\Microsoft.NET\Framework\v2.0.50727\Temporary ASP.NET Files\root\048afd31\e1f306b4\App_global.asax.cyzjkxpg.dll ModLoad: 65d20000 65e7c000 C:\Windows\Microsoft.NET\Framework\v2.0.50727\Temporary ASP.NET Files\root\048afd31\e1f306b4\assembly\dl3\10097bf6\5f9a08ec_fffcca01\PatronAccess.DLL ModLoad: 72030000 7208b000 C:\Windows\Microsoft.NET\Framework\v2.0.50727\mscorjit.dll ModLoad: 68ab0000 68bca000 C:\Windows\assembly\NativeImages_v2.0.50727_32\System.Web.Extensio#\3b4cb090536bf6b0dfae8cefaeeadb9f\System.Web.Extensions.ni.dll ModLoad: 64020000 64033000 C:\Windows\Microsoft.NET\Framework\v2.0.50727\mscorsec.dll ModLoad: 73c40000 73c6d000 C:\Windows\system32\WINTRUST.dll ModLoad: 774b0000 774d9000 C:\Windows\system32\imagehlp.dll ModLoad: 73690000 73715000 C:\Windows\WinSxS\x86_microsoft.windows.common-controls_6595b64144ccf1df_5.82.6001.18000_none_886786f450a74a05\COMCTL32.dll ModLoad: 75170000 751a5000 C:\Windows\system32\ncrypt.dll ModLoad: 751b0000 751f5000 C:\Windows\system32\BCRYPT.dll ModLoad: 74d90000 74da5000 C:\Windows\system32\GPAPI.dll ModLoad: 73520000 7353b000 C:\Windows\system32\cryptnet.dll ModLoad: 73440000 73446000 C:\Windows\system32\SensApi.dll ModLoad: 73a50000 73a65000 C:\Windows\system32\Cabinet.dll ModLoad: 6ae30000 6ae3a000 C:\Windows\system32\inetsrv\gzip.dll ModLoad: 69e50000 69e6a000 C:\Windows\Microsoft.NET\Framework\v2.0.50727\Temporary ASP.NET Files\root\048afd31\e1f306b4\App_Web_kal6czmb.dll ModLoad: 69e10000 69e3c000 C:\Windows\Microsoft.NET\Framework\v2.0.50727\Temporary ASP.NET Files\root\048afd31\e1f306b4\App_Web_b1efcjqz.dll ModLoad: 69bd0000 69c26000 C:\Windows\Microsoft.NET\Framework\v2.0.50727\Temporary ASP.NET Files\root\048afd31\e1f306b4\assembly\dl3\e8a04837\0093847c_5153ca01\Infragistics2.WebUI.UltraWebTab.v9.2.DLL ModLoad: 5e480000 5e95e000 C:\Windows\Microsoft.NET\Framework\v2.0.50727\Temporary ASP.NET Files\root\048afd31\e1f306b4\assembly\dl3\719ff0ee\00c37169_5153ca01\Infragistics2.Web.v9.2.DLL ModLoad: 67c90000 67d1a000 C:\Windows\Microsoft.NET\Framework\v2.0.50727\Temporary ASP.NET Files\root\048afd31\e1f306b4\assembly\dl3\ba3b912a\00d19870_5153ca01\Infragistics2.WebUI.Shared.v9.2.DLL ModLoad: 656a0000 6587a000 C:\Windows\Microsoft.NET\Framework\v2.0.50727\Temporary ASP.NET Files\root\048afd31\e1f306b4\assembly\dl3\6470a692\14d22a05_ef2ac901\AjaxControlToolkit.DLL ModLoad: 66960000 66ae8000 C:\Windows\assembly\NativeImages_v2.0.50727_32\System.Drawing\6312464f64727a2a50d5ce3fd73ad1bb\System.Drawing.ni.dll ModLoad: 6e690000 6ece3000 C:\Windows\assembly\NativeImages_v2.0.50727_32\System.Data\813556b5a2722045b0ea14467fd00227\System.Data.ni.dll ModLoad: 64e70000 65144000 C:\Windows\assembly\GAC_32\System.Data\2.0.0.0__b77a5c561934e089\System.Data.dll ModLoad: 69c70000 69ca2000 C:\Windows\Microsoft.NET\Framework\v2.0.50727\Temporary ASP.NET Files\root\048afd31\e1f306b4\App_Web_zwtn5a73.dll ModLoad: 69e70000 69e8e000 C:\Windows\Microsoft.NET\Framework\v2.0.50727\Temporary ASP.NET Files\root\048afd31\e1f306b4\App_Web_qijxg7dv.dll ModLoad: 645a0000 647bf000 C:\Windows\assembly\NativeImages_v2.0.50727_32\System.Web.Mobile\b472cb382c17ffc3cb1a91ce12d90bf1\System.Web.Mobile.ni.dll ModLoad: 69c30000 69c66000 C:\Windows\assembly\NativeImages_v2.0.50727_32\System.Web.RegularE#\e6b57c0506ec849c6706cb5617ad7372\System.Web.RegularExpressions.ni.dll ModLoad: 6c300000 6c30a000 C:\Windows\Microsoft.NET\Framework\v2.0.50727\Temporary ASP.NET Files\root\048afd31\e1f306b4\App_Web__hyepzhd.dll ModLoad: 69e00000 69e08000 C:\Windows\Microsoft.NET\Framework\v2.0.50727\Temporary ASP.NET Files\root\048afd31\e1f306b4\assembly\dl3\5ef208f7\b68a494a_e840c901\SessionTimeoutControl.DLL ModLoad: 69d50000 69d5c000 C:\Windows\Microsoft.NET\Framework\v2.0.50727\Temporary ASP.NET Files\root\048afd31\e1f306b4\assembly\dl3\619d48f7\0f695f01_fdfcca01\AgNetDataPro.DLL ModLoad: 69cd0000 69ce8000 C:\Windows\Microsoft.NET\Framework\v2.0.50727\Temporary ASP.NET Files\root\048afd31\e1f306b4\assembly\dl3\dc1703ed\00e1c635_caeaca01\xfnlnet.DLL ModLoad: 73d50000 73efb000 C:\Windows\WinSxS\x86_microsoft.windows.gdiplus_6595b64144ccf1df_1.0.6001.18175_none_9e7bbe54c9c04bca\gdiplus.dll (16cc.14e0): Break instruction exception - code 80000003 (first chance) eax=7ffa6000 ebx=00000000 ecx=00000000 edx=7740d094 esi=00000000 edi=00000000 eip=773c7dfe esp=051ff774 ebp=051ff7a0 iopl=0 nv up ei pl zr na pe nc cs=001b ss=0023 ds=0023 es=0023 fs=003b gs=0000 efl=00000246 ntdll!DbgBreakPoint: 773c7dfe cc int 3 0:021 g (16cc.1454): Access violation - code c0000005 (first chance) First chance exceptions are reported before any exception handling. This exception may be expected and handled. eax=00000000 ebx=00000479 ecx=00000000 edx=019d21f8 esi=019d1f18 edi=019ba74c eip=013849ed esp=0499ea44 ebp=0499f15c iopl=0 nv up ei pl zr na pe nc cs=001b ss=0023 ds=0023 es=0023 fs=003b gs=0000 efl=00010246 013849ed 8b01 mov eax,dword ptr [ecx] ds:0023:00000000=???????? 0:018 g ModLoad: 65890000 65a55000 C:\Windows\assembly\NativeImages_v2.0.50727_32\System.Web.Services\2fa835ce2dcace4fc7c0009f102efc79\System.Web.Services.ni.dll ModLoad: 6f2b0000 6f34d000 C:\Windows\assembly\NativeImages_v2.0.50727_32\System.EnterpriseSe#\ae383808b3f5ee9287358378f9a2cad3\System.EnterpriseServices.ni.dll ModLoad: 10000000 10020000 System.EnterpriseServices.Wrapper.dll ModLoad: 00e50000 00e70000 System.EnterpriseServices.Wrapper.dll ModLoad: 66da0000 66de8000 C:\Windows\assembly\NativeImages_v2.0.50727_32\System.EnterpriseSe#\ae383808b3f5ee9287358378f9a2cad3\System.EnterpriseServices.Wrapper.dll ModLoad: 10000000 10020000 C:\Windows\assembly\GAC_32\System.EnterpriseServices\2.0.0.0__b03f5f7f11d50a3a\System.EnterpriseServices.Wrapper.dll ModLoad: 6ab40000 6ab4c000 image6ab40000 ModLoad: 04950000 0495c000 image04950000 ModLoad: 049a0000 049c0000 image049a0000 ModLoad: 049d0000 049f0000 image049d0000 ModLoad: 049a0000 049c0000 image049a0000 ModLoad: 04a40000 04a60000 image04a40000 ModLoad: 049a0000 049c0000 image049a0000 ModLoad: 04a40000 04a60000 image04a40000 ModLoad: 049a0000 049c0000 C:\Windows\Microsoft.NET\Framework\v2.0.50727\Temporary ASP.NET Files\root\048afd31\e1f306b4\assembly\dl3\da3b70a0\00e9280f_c1f4c201\ICSharpCode.SharpZipLib.DLL ModLoad: 5eb40000 5f01e000 Infragistics2.Web.v9.2.dll ModLoad: 05a00000 05ede000 Infragistics2.Web.v9.2.dll ModLoad: 694d0000 694fa000 image694d0000 ModLoad: 049d0000 049fa000 image049d0000 ModLoad: 68cc0000 68cea000 image68cc0000 ModLoad: 04e40000 04e6a000 image04e40000 ModLoad: 69470000 6949a000 image69470000 ModLoad: 04e40000 04e6a000 image04e40000 ModLoad: 69470000 6949a000 C:\Windows\Microsoft.NET\Framework\v2.0.50727\Temporary ASP.NET Files\root\048afd31\e1f306b4\assembly\dl3\f77351ae\00582c74_5153ca01\Infragistics2.WebUI.Misc.v9.2.DLL ModLoad: 67d20000 67daa000 image67d20000 ModLoad: 04e70000 04efa000 image04e70000 ModLoad: 643e0000 64598000 Infragistics2.WebUI.UltraWebChart.v9.2.dll ModLoad: 05a00000 05bb8000 Infragistics2.WebUI.UltraWebChart.v9.2.dll ModLoad: 63ac0000 63c78000 Infragistics2.WebUI.UltraWebChart.v9.2.dll ModLoad: 05bc0000 05d78000 Infragistics2.WebUI.UltraWebChart.v9.2.dll ModLoad: 63900000 63ab8000 Infragistics2.WebUI.UltraWebChart.v9.2.dll ModLoad: 05bc0000 05d78000 Infragistics2.WebUI.UltraWebChart.v9.2.dll ModLoad: 63900000 63ab8000 C:\Windows\Microsoft.NET\Framework\v2.0.50727\Temporary ASP.NET Files\root\048afd31\e1f306b4\assembly\dl3\9acf477c\0030eeb6_5153ca01\Infragistics2.WebUI.UltraWebChart.v9.2.DLL ModLoad: 60570000 607b6000 image60570000 ModLoad: 05d80000 05fc6000 image05d80000 ModLoad: 64350000 64596000 image64350000 ModLoad: 05fd0000 06216000 image05fd0000 ModLoad: 5edd0000 5f016000 image5edd0000 ModLoad: 05fd0000 06216000 image05fd0000 ModLoad: 5edd0000 5f016000 C:\Windows\Microsoft.NET\Framework\v2.0.50727\Temporary ASP.NET Files\root\048afd31\e1f306b4\assembly\dl3\30e4a2ff\00dfbf77_5153ca01\Infragistics2.WebUI.UltraWebGrid.v9.2.DLL ModLoad: 67d50000 67da6000 image67d50000 ModLoad: 04e70000 04ec6000 image04e70000 ModLoad: 68cb0000 68ce4000 image68cb0000 ModLoad: 04e70000 04ea4000 image04e70000 ModLoad: 68790000 687c4000 image68790000 ModLoad: 04eb0000 04ee4000 image04eb0000 ModLoad: 688f0000 68924000 image688f0000 ModLoad: 04eb0000 04ee4000 image04eb0000 ModLoad: 688f0000 68924000 C:\Windows\Microsoft.NET\Framework\v2.0.50727\Temporary ASP.NET Files\root\048afd31\e1f306b4\assembly\dl3\2420cb22\00a1ab83_5153ca01\Infragistics2.WebUI.WebCombo.v9.2.DLL ModLoad: 66d50000 66da0000 image66d50000 ModLoad: 04f80000 04fd0000 image04f80000 ModLoad: 67d60000 67db0000 image67d60000 ModLoad: 05a00000 05a50000 image05a00000 ModLoad: 66d00000 66d50000 image66d00000 ModLoad: 05a00000 05a50000 image05a00000 ModLoad: 66d00000 66d50000 C:\Windows\Microsoft.NET\Framework\v2.0.50727\Temporary ASP.NET Files\root\048afd31\e1f306b4\assembly\dl3\6ceab935\00b28e76_5153ca01\Infragistics2.WebUI.WebDataInput.v9.2.DLL ModLoad: 11000000 1112e000 image11000000 ModLoad: 05a50000 05b7e000 image05a50000 ModLoad: 11000000 1112e000 image11000000 ModLoad: 05d80000 05eae000 image05d80000 ModLoad: 11000000 1112e000 image11000000 ModLoad: 05d80000 05eae000 image05d80000 ModLoad: 11000000 1112e000 C:\Windows\Microsoft.NET\Framework\v2.0.50727\Temporary ASP.NET Files\root\048afd31\e1f306b4\assembly\dl3\e99fdd05\00c79c09_d868c301\itextsharp.DLL ModLoad: 04df0000 04dfe000 LinkPointAPI-cs.dll ModLoad: 04e70000 04e7e000 LinkPointAPI-cs.dll ModLoad: 04df0000 04dfe000 LinkPointAPI-cs.dll ModLoad: 04e80000 04e8e000 LinkPointAPI-cs.dll ModLoad: 04df0000 04dfe000 LinkPointAPI-cs.dll ModLoad: 04e80000 04e8e000 LinkPointAPI-cs.dll ModLoad: 04df0000 04dfe000 C:\Windows\Microsoft.NET\Framework\v2.0.50727\Temporary ASP.NET Files\root\048afd31\e1f306b4\assembly\dl3\0e724536\00922343_54dfc701\LinkPointAPI-cs.DLL ModLoad: 04e70000 04e78000 image04e70000 ModLoad: 04e90000 04e98000 image04e90000 ModLoad: 04e70000 04e78000 image04e70000 ModLoad: 04ea0000 04ea8000 image04ea0000 ModLoad: 04e70000 04e78000 image04e70000 ModLoad: 04ea0000 04ea8000 image04ea0000 ModLoad: 04e70000 04e78000 C:\Windows\Microsoft.NET\Framework\v2.0.50727\Temporary ASP.NET Files\root\048afd31\e1f306b4\assembly\dl3\859797c4\00eb5fc5_bed8c401\LinkPointTransaction.DLL ModLoad: 65e80000 65fdc000 PatronAccess.dll ModLoad: 05a50000 05bac000 PatronAccess.dll ModLoad: 6ab40000 6ab48000 SessionTimeoutControl.dll ModLoad: 04e90000 04e98000 SessionTimeoutControl.dll ModLoad: 6ab80000 6ab8e000 WebServices.dll ModLoad: 04e90000 04e9e000 WebServices.dll ModLoad: 6ab40000 6ab4e000 WebServices.dll ModLoad: 04ef0000 04efe000 WebServices.dll ModLoad: 69d40000 69d4e000 WebServices.dll ModLoad: 04ef0000 04efe000 WebServices.dll ModLoad: 69d40000 69d4e000 C:\Windows\Microsoft.NET\Framework\v2.0.50727\Temporary ASP.NET Files\root\048afd31\e1f306b4\assembly\dl3\21555aa5\5f498093_fefcca01\WebServices.DLL ModLoad: 694e0000 694f8000 image694e0000 ModLoad: 04f80000 04f98000 image04f80000 ModLoad: 661c0000 6624e000 System.ServiceModel.Web.dll ModLoad: 05a50000 05ade000 System.ServiceModel.Web.dll ModLoad: 5d850000 5ddfc000 System.ServiceModel.dll ModLoad: 06220000 067cc000 System.ServiceModel.dll ModLoad: 65ef0000 65fe0000 System.Runtime.Serialization.dll ModLoad: 05eb0000 05fa0000 System.Runtime.Serialization.dll ModLoad: 694e0000 694fe000 SMDiagnostics.dll ModLoad: 04f80000 04f9e000 SMDiagnostics.dll ModLoad: 65be0000 65d1c000 System.Web.Extensions.dll ModLoad: 067d0000 0690c000 System.Web.Extensions.dll ModLoad: 67d40000 67dac000 System.IdentityModel.dll ModLoad: 05ae0000 05b4c000 System.IdentityModel.dll ModLoad: 687a0000 687c2000 System.IdentityModel.Selectors.dll ModLoad: 04fa0000 04fc2000 System.IdentityModel.Selectors.dll ModLoad: 66c90000 66cf4000 Microsoft.Transactions.Bridge.dll ModLoad: 05b50000 05bb4000 Microsoft.Transactions.Bridge.dll ModLoad: 69130000 69146000 System.Web.Abstractions.dll ModLoad: 051b0000 051c6000 System.Web.Abstractions.dll ModLoad: 65150000 651f6000 System.Core.dll ModLoad: 06910000 069b6000 System.Core.dll ModLoad: 64440000 644ea000 System.Data.Linq.dll ModLoad: 069c0000 06a6a000 System.Data.Linq.dll ModLoad: 66d50000 66d9c000 System.Data.Services.Client.dll ModLoad: 06a70000 06abc000 System.Data.Services.Client.dll ModLoad: 68cd0000 68cf0000 System.Data.Services.Design.dll ModLoad: 05210000 05230000 System.Data.Services.Design.dll ModLoad: 5eb00000 5edc2000 System.Data.Entity.dll ModLoad: 06ac0000 06d82000 System.Data.Entity.dll ModLoad: 66af0000 66b16000 System.Xml.Linq.dll ModLoad: 05fa0000 05fc6000 System.Xml.Linq.dll ModLoad: 661c0000 6624e000 C:\Windows\assembly\GAC_MSIL\System.ServiceModel.Web\3.5.0.0__31bf3856ad364e35\System.ServiceModel.Web.dll ModLoad: 64520000 6459e000 System.WorkflowServices.dll ModLoad: 06d90000 06e0e000 System.WorkflowServices.dll ModLoad: 63af0000 63c80000 System.Workflow.ComponentModel.dll ModLoad: 06e10000 06fa0000 System.Workflow.ComponentModel.dll ModLoad: 64320000 6443a000 System.Workflow.Activities.dll ModLoad: 06fa0000 070ba000 System.Workflow.Activities.dll ModLoad: 62cf0000 62d78000 System.Workflow.Runtime.dll ModLoad: 070c0000 07148000 System.Workflow.Runtime.dll ModLoad: 68cb0000 68cc6000 Microsoft.Build.Utilities.dll ModLoad: 07150000 07166000 Microsoft.Build.Utilities.dll ModLoad: 6ab80000 6ab8c000 Microsoft.Build.Framework.dll ModLoad: 05230000 0523c000 Microsoft.Build.Framework.dll ModLoad: 07170000 07214000 Microsoft.Build.Tasks.dll ModLoad: 07220000 072c4000 Microsoft.Build.Tasks.dll ModLoad: 64520000 6459e000 C:\Windows\assembly\GAC_MSIL\System.WorkflowServices\3.5.0.0__31bf3856ad364e35\System.WorkflowServices.dll ModLoad: 5d610000 5d84e000 C:\Windows\assembly\NativeImages_v2.0.50727_32\System.Runtime.Seri#\a33b3b88fd575b703ba4212c677880ae\System.Runtime.Serialization.ni.dll ModLoad: 605a0000 606a6000 C:\Windows\assembly\NativeImages_v2.0.50727_32\System.IdentityModel\3bfbe737873becead614d1504e7d5684\System.IdentityModel.ni.dll ModLoad: 5ab70000 5bbf7000 C:\Windows\assembly\NativeImages_v2.0.50727_32\System.ServiceModel\7115815b53ec561932345e16fbeea968\System.ServiceModel.ni.dll ModLoad: 61440000 6201e000 C:\Windows\assembly\NativeImages_v2.0.50727_32\System.Windows.Forms\1941d7639299344ae28fb6b23da65247\System.Windows.Forms.ni.dll ModLoad: 5d190000 5d3c4000 C:\Windows\assembly\NativeImages_v2.0.50727_32\System.Core\a0522cb280c09b3441e1889502ca145a\System.Core.ni.dll ModLoad: 60a00000 61433000 C:\Windows\assembly\NativeImages_v2.0.50727_32\System.Design\d3fa02f8a34329c8b84c004afaea7054\System.Design.ni.dll (16cc.1454): CLR exception - code e0434f4d (first chance) (16cc.1454): Access violation - code c0000005 (first chance) First chance exceptions are reported before any exception handling. This exception may be expected and handled. eax=00000000 ebx=01776038 ecx=00000000 edx=00000000 esi=017ff314 edi=018907f8 eip=071a62fc esp=0499ee88 ebp=0499eef4 iopl=0 nv up ei pl zr na pe nc cs=001b ss=0023 ds=0023 es=0023 fs=003b gs=0000 efl=00010246 071a62fc 8b01 mov eax,dword ptr [ecx] ds:0023:00000000=???????? 0:018 g (16cc.1454): CLR exception - code e0434f4d (first chance) (16cc.1454): Access violation - code c0000005 (first chance) First chance exceptions are reported before any exception handling. This exception may be expected and handled. eax=00000000 ebx=01776038 ecx=00000000 edx=00000000 esi=017ff200 edi=0186ed04 eip=071a62fc esp=0499ee88 ebp=0499eef4 iopl=0 nv up ei pl zr na pe nc cs=001b ss=0023 ds=0023 es=0023 fs=003b gs=0000 efl=00010246 071a62fc 8b01 mov eax,dword ptr [ecx] ds:0023:00000000=???????? 0:018 g (16cc.1358): Access violation - code c0000005 (first chance) First chance exceptions are reported before any exception handling. This exception may be expected and handled. eax=00000000 ebx=01776038 ecx=00000000 edx=00000000 esi=017ff200 edi=01858380 eip=071a62fc esp=0742ee98 ebp=0742ef04 iopl=0 nv up ei pl zr na pe nc cs=001b ss=0023 ds=0023 es=0023 fs=003b gs=0000 efl=00010246 071a62fc 8b01 mov eax,dword ptr [ecx] ds:0023:00000000=???????? 0:020 g (16cc.1358): Access violation - code c0000005 (first chance) First chance exceptions are reported before any exception handling. This exception may be expected and handled. eax=00000000 ebx=017758a4 ecx=00000000 edx=00000000 esi=017fd078 edi=018b6afc eip=071a62fc esp=0742ee98 ebp=0742ef04 iopl=0 nv up ei pl zr na pe nc cs=001b ss=0023 ds=0023 es=0023 fs=003b gs=0000 efl=00010246 071a62fc 8b01 mov eax,dword ptr [ecx] ds:0023:00000000=???????? 0:020 g (16cc.1358): Stack overflow - code c00000fd (first chance) First chance exceptions are reported before any exception handling. This exception may be expected and handled. eax=00000000 ebx=020504b4 ecx=000001d1 edx=0000001b esi=020503d4 edi=073f2998 eip=6eaf0ed3 esp=073f2980 ebp=073f30ec iopl=0 nv up ei pl zr na pe nc cs=001b ss=0023 ds=0023 es=0023 fs=003b gs=0000 efl=00010246 * WARNING: Unable to verify checksum for C:\Windows\assembly\NativeImages_v2.0.50727_32\System.Data\813556b5a2722045b0ea14467fd00227\System.Data.ni.dll System_Data_ni!_bidW103 (System_Data_ni+0x460ed3): 6eaf0ed3 f3ab rep stos dword ptr es:[edi] Any help would be appricated.

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• TCP RST Reset Every 5 Minutes on Windows 2003 sp2

  - by Dan

  Hey, Recently I had a web developer come to me and ask why he was receiving connection errors in his app that was accessing a sql database. So, I went through my normal trouble shooting steps to isolate or reproduce the issue. I discovered that if I connected to the database using Query Analyzer and let the connection idle for 5 minutes it would disconnect. Meaning... I would no longer be able to refresh my tables or any other object/node within the object browser in Query Analyzer. I would have to right click on the instance and refresh for it to re-establish the connection. Next I went to wireshark and ran a capture on the client pc's nic card. Sure enough it was receiving a TCP RST reset every 5 min if the connection idled longer than 5 min. I also ran a capture on the SQL Server and noticed the TCP RST reset command as well. Attached below is the capture from the client Machine. If someone could please assist... That would be great. -I checked all settings within SQL Server 2000 against another server and they all seem to be the same. -Issue does not occur if I connect to any other SQL server 2000 server. -Issue does not occur if connecting to SQL on the server itself... so only over the network. -I consulted with network team and this is the response back: There are no firewalls or proxies in between SQL Server and your desktop. The traffic flows like this: Desktop-Access Switch-Distro Switch-Core Switch-Datacenter Switch-SQL Server None of the switches have security ACL’s configured on them. Also they stated that NAT was not turned on. -Issue does not occur with SQL server Enterprise Manager. -Ran SQL Profiler at the same time and did not see anything out of the ordinary during the RST I HAVE SEARCHED HIGH AND LOW ON GOOGLE FOR A RESOLUTION FOR THIS ISSUE. NO LUCK! My questions are: What could be causing this? Wrong Sequence number? setting in a router or switch the network team may have over looked? Setting within Windows? Setting within SQL Server 2000 that I have over looked? Better way to utilize Wireshark to find more answers? RST is about 10 from the bottom. No. Time Source Destination Protocol Info 258 24.390708 x.x.x.99 x.x.x.10 TCP 14488 > 2226 [SYN] Seq=0 Len=0 MSS=1260 259 24.401679 x.x.x.10 x.x.x.99 TCP 2226 > 14488 [SYN, ACK] Seq=0 Ack=1 Win=64240 Len=0 MSS=1460 260 24.401729 x.x.x.99 x.x.x.10 TCP 14488 > 2226 [ACK] Seq=1 Ack=1 Win=65535 [TCP CHECKSUM INCORRECT] Len=0 261 24.402212 x.x.x.99 x.x.x.10 TCP 14488 > 2226 [PSH, ACK] Seq=1 Ack=1 Win=65535 [TCP CHECKSUM INCORRECT] Len=42 262 24.413335 x.x.x.10 x.x.x.99 TCP 2226 > 14488 [PSH, ACK] Seq=1 Ack=43 Win=64198 Len=37 285 24.466512 x.x.x.99 x.x.x.10 TCP 14488 > 2226 [ACK] Seq=43 Ack=38 Win=65498 [TCP CHECKSUM INCORRECT] Len=1260 286 24.466536 x.x.x.99 x.x.x.10 TCP 14488 > 2226 [PSH, ACK] Seq=1303 Ack=38 Win=65498 [TCP CHECKSUM INCORRECT] Len=437 289 24.478168 x.x.x.10 x.x.x.99 TCP 2226 > 14488 [ACK] Seq=38 Ack=1740 Win=64240 Len=0 290 24.480078 x.x.x.10 x.x.x.99 TCP 2226 > 14488 [PSH, ACK] Seq=38 Ack=1740 Win=64240 Len=385 293 24.493629 x.x.x.99 x.x.x.10 TCP 14488 > 2226 [PSH, ACK] Seq=1740 Ack=423 Win=65113 [TCP CHECKSUM INCORRECT] Len=60 294 24.504637 x.x.x.10 x.x.x.99 TCP 2226 > 14488 [PSH, ACK] Seq=423 Ack=1800 Win=64180 Len=17 295 24.533197 x.x.x.99 x.x.x.10 TCP 14488 > 2226 [PSH, ACK] Seq=1800 Ack=440 Win=65096 [TCP CHECKSUM INCORRECT] Len=44 296 24.544098 x.x.x.10 x.x.x.99 TCP 2226 > 14488 [PSH, ACK] Seq=440 Ack=1844 Win=64136 Len=17 297 24.544524 x.x.x.99 x.x.x.10 TCP 14488 > 2226 [PSH, ACK] Seq=1844 Ack=457 Win=65079 [TCP CHECKSUM INCORRECT] Len=58 298 24.558033 x.x.x.10 x.x.x.99 TCP 2226 > 14488 [PSH, ACK] Seq=457 Ack=1902 Win=64078 Len=31 299 24.558493 x.x.x.99 x.x.x.10 TCP 14488 > 2226 [PSH, ACK] Seq=1902 Ack=488 Win=65048 [TCP CHECKSUM INCORRECT] Len=92 300 24.569984 x.x.x.10 x.x.x.99 TCP 2226 > 14488 [PSH, ACK] Seq=488 Ack=1994 Win=63986 Len=70 301 24.577395 x.x.x.99 x.x.x.10 TCP 14488 > 2226 [PSH, ACK] Seq=1994 Ack=558 Win=64978 [TCP CHECKSUM INCORRECT] Len=448 303 24.589834 x.x.x.10 x.x.x.99 TCP 2226 > 14488 [PSH, ACK] Seq=558 Ack=2442 Win=63538 Len=64 304 24.590122 x.x.x.99 x.x.x.10 TCP 14488 > 2226 [FIN, ACK] Seq=2442 Ack=622 Win=64914 [TCP CHECKSUM INCORRECT] Len=0 305 24.601094 x.x.x.10 x.x.x.99 TCP 2226 > 14488 [ACK] Seq=622 Ack=2443 Win=63538 Len=0 306 24.601659 x.x.x.10 x.x.x.99 TCP 2226 > 14488 [FIN, ACK] Seq=622 Ack=2443 Win=63538 Len=0 307 24.601686 x.x.x.99 x.x.x.10 TCP 14488 > 2226 [ACK] Seq=2443 Ack=623 Win=64914 [TCP CHECKSUM INCORRECT] Len=0 321 25.839371 x.x.x.99 x.x.x.10 TCP 14492 > 2226 [SYN] Seq=0 Len=0 MSS=1260 322 25.850291 x.x.x.10 x.x.x.99 TCP 2226 > 14492 [SYN, ACK] Seq=0 Ack=1 Win=64240 Len=0 MSS=1460 323 25.850321 x.x.x.99 x.x.x.10 TCP 14492 > 2226 [ACK] Seq=1 Ack=1 Win=65535 [TCP CHECKSUM INCORRECT] Len=0 324 25.850660 x.x.x.99 x.x.x.10 TCP 14492 > 2226 [PSH, ACK] Seq=1 Ack=1 Win=65535 [TCP CHECKSUM INCORRECT] Len=42 325 25.861573 x.x.x.10 x.x.x.99 TCP 2226 > 14492 [PSH, ACK] Seq=1 Ack=43 Win=64198 Len=37 326 25.863103 x.x.x.99 x.x.x.10 TCP 14492 > 2226 [ACK] Seq=43 Ack=38 Win=65498 [TCP CHECKSUM INCORRECT] Len=1260 327 25.863130 x.x.x.99 x.x.x.10 TCP 14492 > 2226 [PSH, ACK] Seq=1303 Ack=38 Win=65498 [TCP CHECKSUM INCORRECT] Len=463 328 25.874417 x.x.x.10 x.x.x.99 TCP 2226 > 14492 [ACK] Seq=38 Ack=1766 Win=64240 Len=0 329 25.876315 x.x.x.10 x.x.x.99 TCP 2226 > 14492 [PSH, ACK] Seq=38 Ack=1766 Win=64240 Len=385 330 25.876905 x.x.x.99 x.x.x.10 TCP 14492 > 2226 [PSH, ACK] Seq=1766 Ack=423 Win=65113 [TCP CHECKSUM INCORRECT] Len=60 331 25.887773 x.x.x.10 x.x.x.99 TCP 2226 > 14492 [PSH, ACK] Seq=423 Ack=1826 Win=64180 Len=17 332 25.888299 x.x.x.99 x.x.x.10 TCP 14492 > 2226 [PSH, ACK] Seq=1826 Ack=440 Win=65096 [TCP CHECKSUM INCORRECT] Len=44 333 25.899169 x.x.x.10 x.x.x.99 TCP 2226 > 14492 [PSH, ACK] Seq=440 Ack=1870 Win=64136 Len=17 334 25.899574 x.x.x.99 x.x.x.10 TCP 14492 > 2226 [PSH, ACK] Seq=1870 Ack=457 Win=65079 [TCP CHECKSUM INCORRECT] Len=58 335 25.910618 x.x.x.10 x.x.x.99 TCP 2226 > 14492 [PSH, ACK] Seq=457 Ack=1928 Win=64078 Len=31 336 25.911051 x.x.x.99 x.x.x.10 TCP 14492 > 2226 [PSH, ACK] Seq=1928 Ack=488 Win=65048 [TCP CHECKSUM INCORRECT] Len=92 337 25.922068 x.x.x.10 x.x.x.99 TCP 2226 > 14492 [PSH, ACK] Seq=488 Ack=2020 Win=63986 Len=70 338 25.922500 x.x.x.99 x.x.x.10 TCP 14492 > 2226 [PSH, ACK] Seq=2020 Ack=558 Win=64978 [TCP CHECKSUM INCORRECT] Len=34 339 25.933621 x.x.x.10 x.x.x.99 TCP 2226 > 14492 [PSH, ACK] Seq=558 Ack=2054 Win=63952 Len=29 340 25.941165 x.x.x.99 x.x.x.10 TCP 14492 > 2226 [PSH, ACK] Seq=2054 Ack=587 Win=64949 [TCP CHECKSUM INCORRECT] Len=54 341 25.952164 x.x.x.10 x.x.x.99 TCP 2226 > 14492 [PSH, ACK] Seq=587 Ack=2108 Win=63898 Len=17 342 25.952993 x.x.x.99 x.x.x.10 TCP 14492 > 2226 [PSH, ACK] Seq=2108 Ack=604 Win=64932 [TCP CHECKSUM INCORRECT] Len=72 343 25.963889 x.x.x.10 x.x.x.99 TCP 2226 > 14492 [PSH, ACK] Seq=604 Ack=2180 Win=63826 Len=17 344 25.964366 x.x.x.99 x.x.x.10 TCP 14492 > 2226 [PSH, ACK] Seq=2180 Ack=621 Win=64915 [TCP CHECKSUM INCORRECT] Len=52 345 25.975253 x.x.x.10 x.x.x.99 TCP 2226 > 14492 [PSH, ACK] Seq=621 Ack=2232 Win=63774 Len=17 346 25.975590 x.x.x.99 x.x.x.10 TCP 14492 > 2226 [PSH, ACK] Seq=2232 Ack=638 Win=64898 [TCP CHECKSUM INCORRECT] Len=32 347 25.986588 x.x.x.10 x.x.x.99 TCP 2226 > 14492 [PSH, ACK] Seq=638 Ack=2264 Win=63742 Len=167 348 25.987262 x.x.x.99 x.x.x.10 TCP 14492 > 2226 [PSH, ACK] Seq=2264 Ack=805 Win=64731 [TCP CHECKSUM INCORRECT] Len=512 349 25.998464 x.x.x.10 x.x.x.99 TCP 2226 > 14492 [PSH, ACK] Seq=805 Ack=2776 Win=63230 Len=89 350 25.998861 x.x.x.99 x.x.x.10 TCP 14492 > 2226 [PSH, ACK] Seq=2776 Ack=894 Win=64642 [TCP CHECKSUM INCORRECT] Len=46 351 26.009849 x.x.x.10 x.x.x.99 TCP 2226 > 14492 [PSH, ACK] Seq=894 Ack=2822 Win=63184 Len=17 352 26.010175 x.x.x.99 x.x.x.10 TCP 14492 > 2226 [PSH, ACK] Seq=2822 Ack=911 Win=64625 [TCP CHECKSUM INCORRECT] Len=80 353 26.021220 x.x.x.10 x.x.x.99 TCP 2226 > 14492 [PSH, ACK] Seq=911 Ack=2902 Win=63104 Len=33 354 26.022613 x.x.x.99 x.x.x.10 TCP 14492 > 2226 [PSH, ACK] Seq=2902 Ack=944 Win=64592 [TCP CHECKSUM INCORRECT] Len=498 355 26.034018 x.x.x.10 x.x.x.99 TCP 2226 > 14492 [PSH, ACK] Seq=944 Ack=3400 Win=64240 Len=89 356 26.046501 x.x.x.99 x.x.x.10 TCP 14493 > 2226 [SYN] Seq=0 Len=0 MSS=1260 357 26.057323 x.x.x.10 x.x.x.99 TCP 2226 > 14493 [SYN, ACK] Seq=0 Ack=1 Win=64240 Len=0 MSS=1460 358 26.057355 x.x.x.99 x.x.x.10 TCP 14493 > 2226 [ACK] Seq=1 Ack=1 Win=65535 [TCP CHECKSUM INCORRECT] Len=0 359 26.057661 x.x.x.99 x.x.x.10 TCP 14493 > 2226 [PSH, ACK] Seq=1 Ack=1 Win=65535 [TCP CHECKSUM INCORRECT] Len=42 361 26.068606 x.x.x.10 x.x.x.99 TCP 2226 > 14493 [PSH, ACK] Seq=1 Ack=43 Win=64198 Len=37 362 26.070087 x.x.x.99 x.x.x.10 TCP 14493 > 2226 [ACK] Seq=43 Ack=38 Win=65498 [TCP CHECKSUM INCORRECT] Len=1260 363 26.070113 x.x.x.99 x.x.x.10 TCP 14493 > 2226 [PSH, ACK] Seq=1303 Ack=38 Win=65498 [TCP CHECKSUM INCORRECT] Len=485 364 26.081336 x.x.x.10 x.x.x.99 TCP 2226 > 14493 [ACK] Seq=38 Ack=1788 Win=64240 Len=0 365 26.083330 x.x.x.10 x.x.x.99 TCP 2226 > 14493 [PSH, ACK] Seq=38 Ack=1788 Win=64240 Len=385 366 26.083943 x.x.x.99 x.x.x.10 TCP 14493 > 2226 [PSH, ACK] Seq=1788 Ack=423 Win=65113 [TCP CHECKSUM INCORRECT] Len=46 368 26.094921 x.x.x.10 x.x.x.99 TCP 2226 > 14493 [PSH, ACK] Seq=423 Ack=1834 Win=64194 Len=17 369 26.095317 x.x.x.99 x.x.x.10 TCP 14493 > 2226 [PSH, ACK] Seq=1834 Ack=440 Win=65096 [TCP CHECKSUM INCORRECT] Len=48 370 26.107553 x.x.x.10 x.x.x.99 TCP 2226 > 14493 [PSH, ACK] Seq=440 Ack=1882 Win=64146 Len=877 371 26.241285 x.x.x.99 x.x.x.10 TCP 14492 > 2226 [ACK] Seq=3400 Ack=1033 Win=64503 [TCP CHECKSUM INCORRECT] Len=0 372 26.241307 x.x.x.99 x.x.x.10 TCP 14493 > 2226 [ACK] Seq=1882 Ack=1317 Win=65535 [TCP CHECKSUM INCORRECT] Len=0 653 55.913838 x.x.x.99 x.x.x.10 TCP [TCP Keep-Alive] 14492 > 2226 [ACK] Seq=3399 Ack=1033 Win=64503 Len=1 654 55.924547 x.x.x.10 x.x.x.99 TCP [TCP Keep-Alive ACK] 2226 > 14492 [ACK] Seq=1033 Ack=3400 Win=64240 Len=0 910 85.887176 x.x.x.99 x.x.x.10 TCP [TCP Keep-Alive] 14492 > 2226 [ACK] Seq=3399 Ack=1033 Win=64503 Len=1 911 85.898010 x.x.x.10 x.x.x.99 TCP [TCP Keep-Alive ACK] 2226 > 14492 [ACK] Seq=1033 Ack=3400 Win=64240 Len=0 1155 115.859520 x.x.x.99 x.x.x.10 TCP [TCP Keep-Alive] 14492 2226 [ACK] Seq=3399 Ack=1033 Win=64503 Len=1 1156 115.870285 x.x.x.10 x.x.x.99 TCP [TCP Keep-Alive ACK] 2226 14492 [ACK] Seq=1033 Ack=3400 Win=64240 Len=0 1395 145.934403 x.x.x.99 x.x.x.10 TCP [TCP Keep-Alive] 14492 2226 [ACK] Seq=3399 Ack=1033 Win=64503 Len=1 1396 145.945938 x.x.x.10 x.x.x.99 TCP [TCP Keep-Alive ACK] 2226 14492 [ACK] Seq=1033 Ack=3400 Win=64240 Len=0 1649 175.906767 x.x.x.99 x.x.x.10 TCP [TCP Keep-Alive] 14492 2226 [ACK] Seq=3399 Ack=1033 Win=64503 Len=1 1650 175.917741 x.x.x.10 x.x.x.99 TCP [TCP Keep-Alive ACK] 2226 14492 [ACK] Seq=1033 Ack=3400 Win=64240 Len=0 1887 205.881080 x.x.x.99 x.x.x.10 TCP [TCP Keep-Alive] 14492 2226 [ACK] Seq=3399 Ack=1033 Win=64503 Len=1 1888 205.891818 x.x.x.10 x.x.x.99 TCP [TCP Keep-Alive ACK] 2226 14492 [ACK] Seq=1033 Ack=3400 Win=64240 Len=0 2112 235.854408 x.x.x.99 x.x.x.10 TCP [TCP Keep-Alive] 14492 2226 [ACK] Seq=3399 Ack=1033 Win=64503 Len=1 2113 235.865482 x.x.x.10 x.x.x.99 TCP [TCP Keep-Alive ACK] 2226 14492 [ACK] Seq=1033 Ack=3400 Win=64240 Len=0 2398 265.928342 x.x.x.99 x.x.x.10 TCP [TCP Keep-Alive] 14492 2226 [ACK] Seq=3399 Ack=1033 Win=64503 Len=1 2399 265.939242 x.x.x.10 x.x.x.99 TCP [TCP Keep-Alive ACK] 2226 14492 [ACK] Seq=1033 Ack=3400 Win=64240 Len=0 2671 295.900714 x.x.x.99 x.x.x.10 TCP [TCP Keep-Alive] 14492 2226 [ACK] Seq=3399 Ack=1033 Win=64503 Len=1 2672 295.911590 x.x.x.10 x.x.x.99 TCP [TCP Keep-Alive ACK] 2226 14492 [ACK] Seq=1033 Ack=3400 Win=64240 Len=0 2880 315.705029 x.x.x.10 x.x.x.99 TCP 2226 14493 [RST] Seq=1317 Len=0 2973 325.975607 x.x.x.99 x.x.x.10 TCP [TCP Keep-Alive] 14492 2226 [ACK] Seq=3399 Ack=1033 Win=64503 Len=1 2974 325.986337 x.x.x.10 x.x.x.99 TCP [TCP Keep-Alive ACK] 2226 14492 [ACK] Seq=1033 Ack=3400 Win=64240 Len=0 2975 326.154327 x.x.x.10 x.x.x.99 TCP [TCP Keep-Alive] 2226 14492 [ACK] Seq=1032 Ack=3400 Win=64240 Len=1 2976 326.154350 x.x.x.99 x.x.x.10 TCP [TCP Keep-Alive ACK] 14492 2226 [ACK] Seq=3400 Ack=1033 Win=64503 [TCP CHECKSUM INCORRECT] Len=0

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