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• Can't install NPM after installing Node on EC2 Linux instance?

  - by frequent

  I'm trying my first attempt on getting a node server set up on an amazon ec2 linux instance. I think I made it quite far. First problem I ran into was when trying to make Node the connection timed out after a while, so I need three attempts until I got this: LINK(target) /home/ec2-user/node/out/Release/node: Finished touch /home/ec2-user/node/out/Release/obj.target/node_dtrace_header.stamp touch /home/ec2-user/node/out/Release/obj.target/node_dtrace_provider.stamp touch /home/ec2-user/node/out/Release/obj.target/node_dtrace_ustack.stamp touch /home/ec2-user/node/out/Release/obj.target/node_etw.stamp make[1]: Leaving directory `/home/ec2-user/node/out' ln -fs out/Release/node node Which tells me, "Node is done", although I'm not sure it is also working as it should. Following this,this and this tutorial, I'm now stuck at installing npm. I think I first cloned into the wrong folder, which always gave me error 127, but even if I'm doing this: cd ~ git clone git://github.com/isaacs/npm.git cd npm sudo -s PATH=/usr/local/bin:$PATH make install I'm still getting this: #after cloning# make[1]: Entering directory `/root/npm' node cli.js install bash: node: command not found make[1]: *** [node_modules/.bin/ronn] Error 127 make[1]: Leaving directory `/root/npm' make: *** [man/man3/start.3] Error 2 Question:: Since I'm pretty much a newby at everything I'm trying here, can someone please tell me what I'm doing wrong and how to get npm to install? Also, in case I cloned into the wrong folder, is there a way to remove the "false clone" or is this not written to disk until I call make install and I don't need to worry? Thanks for helping out!

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• Apache doesn't immediately notice a change in the document root

  - by Tom

  We use capistrano for website deployments and our Apache document root is a symlink to a particular code release. The deployment procedure switches the symlink from the old release to the new release as the final step of the deployment. We are migrating our webservers from real servers running RHEL 5.6 to Amazon EC2 virtual machines running Ubuntu 11.10 and the new servers are suffering from a problem where Apache doesn't immediately notice the change to it's document root when the symlink is switched. It can take a second or so (and I think I've even seen it take a couple of minutes). It's kind of like Apache has cached the physical path of the symlink for some time. Does anyone know some Apache settings I could look at to get it to "scan" for changes to it's served files quicker. Thoughts: I read that the disks on virtual machines are much slower (since they are network attached storage). Perhaps the filesystem cache somehow works differently too? If so, is there anything that can be done? The website runs PHP code. Perhaps there is some PHP config differences between RHEL and Ubuntu? I checked realpath_cache_ttl but both servers have it commented out: e.g. ; Duration of time, in seconds for which to cache realpath information for a given ; file or directory. For systems with rarely changing files, consider increasing this ; value. ; http://www.php.net/manual/en/ini.core.php#ini.realpath-cache-ttl ;realpath_cache_ttl = 120 We do use the APC opcode cache but don't think it's the issue due to experimentation. The PHP code is in different file paths for each deployment and we ensure stat=1. Here is a similar question that is very interesting: 294107 - but doesn't provide an answer for me. One solution would be to reload Apache everytime we modify the document root symlink. I'll do this if we can't find another solution.

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• Rails/Mongo across multiple different geo-regions

  - by wmarbut

  I have a system that by necessity requires physical presence in three or more different locations and I need advice on structuring in such a way that my database stays replicated in a timely manner without horrible latency. I've seen mysql access and replication be incredibly slow when the application server was trying to talk to a node that wasn't physically collocated. In this case I am using mongodb. The stack is linux/passenger/ruby/rails/mongodb. The database is write heavy and read light. The infrastructure is Amazon EC2 The application layer must be physically located in 3 or more different locations. I can't justify this requirement further than it is a requirement. The database, however needn't be located in more than one location if it can be written to quickly from other locations. From reading mongo's documentation, mongo replication seems like more of a candidate than sharding b/c my datastore is not huge. However I don't see anything that addresses the issue of speed for servers communicating across large distances with potentially high latency.

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• AWS Linux EC2: yum won't run with plugins

  - by Patrick

  Short Version: yum commands on my Amazon Linux EC2 AMI only work with --noplugins. Long Version: A couple of days ago, I ran yum update at the behest of the SSH Login MoTD telling me I had updates to install. About midway through the update (specifically while updating the kernel), the update abruptly ended (79 of 138 items completed). The website I host on EC2 got weird for a few minutes, but eventually seemed to stabilize back out (maybe EC2 restarted itself?), and I didn't have further issues (other than MySQL started running out of memory, but I think that's probably unrelated to this). Today, I went to install gcc-c++ (with yum install gcc-c++). When I did, I got the following message: Loaded plugins: priorities, security, update-motd, upgrade-helper Config error: Command "updateinfo" already defined and I get that for any command I can think to run using yum. However, If I throw in the --noplugins flag, then magically it seems to work. To be clear, when I installed a different package a week ago, it worked totally correctly, so the yum update is the only thing I can think of that changed. I could find nothing on Google with regard to "updateinfo" already defined (with and without quotes). I tried running yum update --noplugins which spit out a message telling me that I should have run yum-complete-transaction instead, but proceeded to try to update something on its own. When that completed, I tried yum-complete-transaction but that gave me a message about the transactions not lining up correctly, so it removed the old transaction (Probably since I should have completed the first transaction before trying to update again, if I had known). Based on the SF question "Linux EC2 Broken Yum", I've also tried yum clean all --noplugins (fails the same with plugins) which just gives me Cleaning repos: amzn-main amzn-updates rpmforge Cleaning up everything I also tried package-cleanup --problems Loaded plugins: priorities, update-motd, upgrade-helper No Problems Found and package-cleanup --dupes Gives a lot of dupes, so I pasted them here: http://pastebin.com/VVFQEkTT instead of inline. At this point, I'm not sure what else there even is to check.

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• MySQL Master-Master w/ multiple read slave cost effective setup in AWS

  - by Ross

  I've been evaluating Amazon Web Services RDS for MySQL and costing out potential scenarios involving a simple multi-AZ deployment read/write setup vs. a multi-AZ deployment mysql master (hot-standby) with additional read-only slaves. the issue I'm trying to cost-optimize includes their reserved instance vs on-demand instances. Situation 1: purchase reserved multi-az setup for Extra-large-hi-mem(17GB RAM) instance for $5200/yr and have my application query the master all the time. the problem is, if I don't need all the resources of the (17GB RAM) all the time and therefore, especially not a hot-standby, what alternatives for savings can a better topology create, like potentially situation 2 below: Situation 2: purchase reserved multi-az setup using smaller master instances than above for the master-master hot-standby to receive the writes only. Then create and load balance several read-only slaves off the master and add/remove and/or scale up/down the read slaves based on demand. This might only cost $1000 + the on-demand usage of the read slaves. My thinking is, if I have a variable read-intensive application load, with low write load, the single level topology in situation 1 means I'm paying for a lot of resources at the write level of topology when I don't need them there. My hope is that situation 2 can yield cost savings from smaller reserved instances on the master-master resource level allowing me to scale up and down and/or out on the read-level according to demand as needed. Does anyone see a downside to doing this or know of some reason this isn't possible with RDS? Any other thoughts or advice always welcome of course. Thanks in advance, R

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• SSL Returning Blank Page, No Catalina Errors

  - by Mr.Peabody

  This is my second, maybe third, time configuring SSL with Tomcat. Earlier I had created a self signed, which worked, and now using my signed is proving fruitless. I am using Tomcat, operating from the Amazon Linux API. When using the signed cert/keystore, my server is starting normally without errors. However, when trying to navigate to the domain it is giving me an "ERR_SSL_VERSION_OR_CIPHER_MISMATCH" error. My server.xml file looks as follows: <Connector port="8443" maxHttpHeaderSize="8192" maxThreads="150" minSpareThreads="25" maxSpareThreads="75" enableLookups="false" disableUploadTimeout="true" acceptCount="100" scheme="https" secure="true" SSLEnabled="true" clientAuth="false" sslProtocol="TLS" keystoreFile="/home/ec2-user/.keystore/starchild.jks" keystorePass="d6b5385812252f180b961aa3630df504" /> It couldn't hurt to also mention that I'm using a wildcard certificate. Please let me know if anything looks amiss! EDIT: After looking more into this, I've determined there may be nothing is wrong with the Server.xml, or the listening ports. This is becoming more of an actual certificate error, as the curl request is giving me this error: curl: (35) Unknown SSL protocol error in connection to jira.mywebsite.com:-9824 Though, I can't seem to figure out what the "-9824" is. When comparing this curl to another similar setup (using the same Wildcard Certificate) it's turning up the full handshake, which is to be expected. I believe this is now between the protocol/cypher set default on JIRA servers.

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• Production monitoring for EC2 instances

  - by Janine

  I'm setting up my first production instance on EC2 and want to make sure I have all necessary monitoring in place. There are three different types of things I want to monitor: Is the instance running? EC2 instances can be terminated without warning if the underlying hardware fails, and as far as I know they aren't automatically restarted. So if not, start it back up. Is UNIX running properly? This is the usual stuff about CPU load, disk space, etc. Is the website responding? If not, restart it. I initially set up Nagios on a physical server outside the cloud, but it is really only helpful for item 2. It can tell me if the instance is gone or if the website is not responding, but as far as I can tell it can't execute any commands to fix the situation. My Googling on this subject has yielded a plethora of options - Cacti, Monit, God, Ganglia, and probably more I'm forgetting now. I don't have time to research them all. I am aware of Amazon's Cloudwatch but it doesn't seem to do anything that my Nagios installation doesn't already do. If you already have something like this in place, can you please share what has worked well for you?

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• APC fragmentation on EC2 Micro for Wordpress + W3TC

  - by Maarten Provo

  I'm trying to optimize APC for my Amazon EC2 Micro server running one Wordpress-site with W3TC. I've started with the settings advised by TechZilla in another topic but I keep getting high fragmentation with 50% of space being free. I've uploaded an image to http://www.maartenprovo.be/downloads/apc.jpg but I can't post it here since I need at least 10 reputation. What values can I optimize to prevent fragmentation? [apc] apc.enabled=1 apc.shm_segments=1 ;32M per WordPress install apc.shm_size=164M ;Leave at 2M or lower. WordPress does't have any file sizes close to 2M apc.max_file_size=2M ;Relative to the number of cached files apc.num_files_hint=1000 ;Relative to the size of WordPress apc.user_entries_hint=4096 ;The number of seconds a cache entry is allowed to idle in a slot before APC dumps the cache apc.ttl=7200 apc.user_ttl=7200 apc.gc_ttl=3600 ;Auto update chache files on change in WP-ADMIN or W3TC apc.stat=1 ;This MUST be 0, WP can have errors otherwise! apc.include_once_override=0 ;Only set to 1 while debugging apc.enable_cli=0 ;Allow 2 seconds after a file is created before it is cached to prevent users from seeing half-written/weird pages apc.file_update_protection=2 ;Ignore files apc.filters apc.slam_defense = 0 apc.write_lock = 1 apc.cache_by_default=1 apc.use_request_time=1 apc.mmap_file_mask=/var/tmp/apc.XXXXXX apc.stat_ctime=0 apc.canonicalize=1 apc.write_lock=1 apc.report_autofilter=0 apc.rfc1867=0 apc.rfc1867_prefix =upload_ apc.rfc1867_name=APC_UPLOAD_PROGRESS apc.rfc1867_freq=0 apc.rfc1867_ttl=3600 apc.lazy_classes=0 apc.lazy_functions=0

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• Vagrant doesn't detect chef-solo unless re-installed

  - by nightowl

  I am using Vagrant to test my Chef recipes in Amazon AWS, and I am encountering an irritating issue: I initially assumed that Vagrant would install chef itself (as it does when using Virtual Box as the provider) but it seems that this needs to be done using the cloud-init script. However, even after I successfully installed the chef gem via cloud-init I was still getting the following error: The chef binary (eitherchef-soloorchef-client) was not found A quick google of this error suggested three probable causes: Chef had failed to install It had installed, but the directory was not in the $PATH environment variable It had installed and in the $PATH but with incorrect permissions I logged in and double checked; chef-solo and chef-client were installed; The path variable for the user, sudo and root all included /usr/local/bin and permissions were all fine. I managed to solve this problem by uninstalling and reinstalling the gem using sudo gem install chef. I don't understand why this should resolve the issue and it is a bit of a problem if I have to ssh into a test box and manually install the gem every time. Does anyone have any suggestions why this might be happening?

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• Permission issue for apache

  - by Aamir Adnan

  Environment Details: Amazon Ec2 Ubuntu 12.04 Django + mod_wsgi + python 2.6 web server: apache2 I have mounted a 10GB ebs volume to an instance to /mnt/ebs1/. After mounting the volume and formatting, I have placed all my project files in /mnt/ebs1/project. the wsgi file is in /mnt/ebs1/project/apache/django.wsgi. The content of wsgi file is: import os, sys sys.path.insert(0, '/mnt/ebs1/project') sys.path.insert(1, '/mnt/ebs1') os.environ['DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE'] = 'project.configs.common.settings' import django.core.handlers.wsgi application = django.core.handlers.wsgi.WSGIHandler() My httpd.conf file looks as: LoadModule wsgi_module /usr/lib/apache2/modules/mod_wsgi.so WSGIPythonHome /usr/bin/python2.6 WSGIScriptAlias / /mnt/ebs1/project/apache/django.wsgi <Directory /mnt/ebs1/project> Order allow,deny Allow from all </Directory> <Directory /mnt/ebs1/project/apache> Order allow,deny Allow from all </Directory> Alias /static/ /mnt/ebs1/project/static/ <Directory /mnt/ebs1/project/static> Order deny,allow Allow from all </Directory> The above configurations gives me Forbidden: You don't have permission to access / on this server. I tried to find the user which is running apache using ps aux which is www-data and has group www-data. I have tried to change the ownership of /mnt/ebs1 and its subdirectories using chown -R www-data:www-data /mnt/ebs1 but that still does not solve the problem. Can any one tell me what I am doing wrong or have missed?

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• Dedicated virtual setup is slow with WordPress

  - by kovshenin

  Hey. I'm running a Fedora linux server on the Amazon EC2 platform. I'm pretty sure there's something wrong with my configuration as it seems to be very slow. SSH sometimes takes over 30 seconds to connect, a WordPress generated web page could take 5 seconds to load, and it could take 20 seconds to load, which is pretty awkward. MySQL queries are all executed in less than a second, so I don't think that's the case. I'm not really sure where the issue lies, but a simple page written in PHP loads instantly. A fresh WordPress installation starts lagging. Same works perfect on grid hosting at MediaTemple for instance, so I'm pretty sure I missed something. If you could please direct me to the right tools and articles which would help me out. Thanks so much! Fedora Core 8, php 5.2.6, MySQL 5.0.45, OpenSSH 4.7p1, OpenSSL 0.9.8b. PHP is configured as a module to Apache 2.2.9, all websites based on virtual hosts. I have some on-going php scripts running from time to time in the background via cron. Thanks.

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• EC2: is an instance's public DNS stable? Can I rely on it not changing?

  - by Aseem Kishore

  I'm new to Amazon EC2. I've launched my first instance, and am using it as a web server. I see that it has a public DNS (a public URL), e.g.: ec2-123-45-6-789.compute-1.amazonaws.com I can successfully go to this server in my browser, hit it via cURL, etc. I want to use this web server for a back-end service in an app I'm building, so I placed this URL in my app's config, and it works great. But when I manually stop and re-started my instance, I see that the public DNS changes! I've read that this happens when you explicitly stop and re-start, but doesn't happen if you just "reboot". I don't plan on explicitly stopping and re-starting this server ever, but my question is: will this public DNS ever change on its own for any reason? E.g. if the machine abnormally crashes, or whatever. In other words, is it safe to ship an app that's wired to this URL? Thanks!

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• CloudFront for dynamic content CDN

  - by Elad Lachmi

  I would like to use CF as a CDN for my entire site, including static and dynamic content. I have been using CF for static content for a while and I am very happy with the results. I am now doing POC of putting the web server completely behind CF. For the dynamic content I created a new distribution and set the origin to be my web server. Right now I'm looking to test the solution, so I have the web server on the original domain and the CF distribution on the amazon domain. This works with the exception of HTTPS urls and POST requests. For HTTPS requests, I see the requests are forwarded to the original site domain for now, but how will CF handle them when I move the distribution to the www cname? What configuration changes should I make so that CF forwards HTTPS requests to the origin? For POST requests, I want the post to be made to the origin server. Can I set this up in CF? Finally, the site has membership. Can I configure CF to pull all content from the origin if the user is logged in? Sorry for the long question. I'm a little lost and documentation for dynamic CF is still kind of scarce. Thank you!

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• Most cost efficient way to backup Subversion data to S3?

  - by sludge

  I'm looking at using S3 as an offsite backup repo for my Subversion database. When I dump my SVN database, it's about 10 gigabytes. I would like to avoid the charge of uploading that data repeatedly. The anatomy of this large file such that new changes to Subversion modify the tail of the file, with everything else staying the same. Because Amazon S3 does not allow you to "patch" files with changes, I will have to upload ten gigs every time I instantiate a backup after doing a simple submit to Subversion. Here are the options as I see them: Option 1 I am looking at duplicity which has --volsize which splits data over an amount of megs. Is it possible to split the Subversion dumps using this so further incremental backups are measured in megabytes? Option 2 Can I just backup the hot subversion repository? This seems like a bad idea if it is in the middle of writing a submit. However, I have the option of taking the repo offline between the hours of midnight and 4am. Each revision in my Berkeley DB uses a file as its record.

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• Using NFS for scalable PHP/MySQL web application

  - by Jeroen Moons

  Here's the situation: I have a PHP/MySQL web application that accepts user uploads (pdf files). From these pdf files' pages a preview image is made on the fly and presented to the web app's users. Some pdfs might be on the large side, most will be under 50 MB but some extreme cases could be as large as a few hundred MB. A little waiting for the preview image for large pdf files is acceptable but no more than a minute let's say. Everything is running on one server for now, but soon the app will hit the server's limit on both storage and processing power. My idea to solve the problem: To deal with this situation I had the idea of having one or more pdf processing servers as needed, and one or more file storage servers. These two types of servers are mounted to the server on which the actual app runs using NFS. The app could then use GearMan to delegate pdf processing tasks to these processing servers. The processing server can mount the storage server and read the file stored there, process it and write its output to that server. The servers I'm talking about will be amazon ec2 instances. The web app returns a link to the resulting pdf preview image on the storage server that was used which can then be used on the front end to show the image to the user. My question: I have zero experience with apps that use multiple servers, is this idea viable or is there a better way to do it? Is an NFS setup fast and reliable enough for this situation?

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• EC2 configuration for medium load service on Django

  - by Luberg

  I have created a very basic Django application which puts an email to the database (Coming soon page for a startup). I launched a t1.micro instance to try out which load it can carry out. Nginx+FastCGI from Django+sqllite/postgres - tried both. blitz.io test gave me a pretty unhappy result (just 100 users within 1 minute): This rush generated 542 successful hits in 1.0 min and we transferred 809.01 KB of data in and out of your app. The average hit rate of 8.81/second translates to about 761,612 hits/day. You got bigger problems though: 87.28% of the users during this rush experienced timeouts or errors! I tried both to put varnish, disabled Debub mode in django and started fastcgi in threaded mode - nothing helps. This is not gonna be a super highload page - just a coming soon page to save email of subscribers, it should carry at least 500-1000 users at the same time in peak... I believe t1.micro is super small for that, but I also have tried small instance - not better result.. Please let me know should I use something different from Amazon EC2, or to pick smth better than t1.micro, or I that is definetely a configuration issues?...

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• Hadoop streaming job on EC2 stays in "pending" state

  - by liamf

  Trying to experiment with Hadoop and Streaming using cloudera distribution CDH3 on Ubuntu. Have valid data in hdfs:// ready for processing. Wrote little streaming mapper in python. When I launch a mapper only job using: hadoop jar /usr/lib/hadoop/contrib/streaming/hadoop-streaming*.jar -file /usr/src/mystuff/mapper.py -mapper /usr/src/mystuff/mapper.py -input /incoming/STBFlow/* -output testOP hadoop duly decides it will use 66 mappers on the cluster to process the data. The testOP directory is created on HDFS. A job_conf.xml file is created. But the job tracker UI at port 50030 never shows the job moving out of "pending" state and nothing else happens. CPU usage stays at zero. (the job is created though) If I give it a single file (instead of the entire directory) as input, same result (except Hadoop decides it needs 2 mappers instead of 66). I also tried using the "dumbo" Python utility and launching jobs using that: same result: permanently pending. So I am missing something basic: could someone help me out with what I should look for? The cluster is on Amazon EC2. Firewall issues maybe: ports are enabled explicitly, case by case, in the cluster security group.

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• Whats the best cloud backup solution for a small scale server envoirnment?

  - by nbv4

  I have a server that runs a postgres database that contains about 200MB of data. Currently I have a cron job setup on my home computer which: ssh's into my server runs a remote script which makes a backup of the database scp's that dump over to my local hard drive for storage. Each dump is 20MiB. does this every six hours (one months of backups is roughly 2GiB) The problem with this setup is that if my local machine goes down for whatever reason, no backups will be made. Also, I can't have the cron run from the server, because I can't have it scp'd to my local machine from my server (firewalls and all that crap). My local machine is running Ubuntu 10.04, and my server is Ubuntu 9.10 server edition. I looked into Ubuntu One, but currently it's gui-only. I also looked into dropbox, but it's a pain in the ass to get setup in linux without gui support. Amazon S3 looks good but it's not free (yet dirt cheap). Is there any other alternative that I should look into? I'd prefer something where I can just have my script dump the database into a directory, and have the backup service 'watch' that folder and sync accordingly. I can maybe also have my local machine sync to the cloud backup so I have even more redundancy, plus easy access to my backups for use in testing.

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• File permission woes on an Ubuntu ec2 instance

  - by Pardoner

  I've set up an amazon ec2 instance and I'm have some file permission issues. I've created myself a new user and added myself to the following groups: adm:x:4:me,ubuntu sudo:x:27:me www-data:x:33:me,www-data ssh:x:108:me admin:x:111:me ubuntu:x:1000:www-data,me me:x:1001:me but when I cd /var/www I can't do simple commands without doing sudo. So I chown -R www-data:www-data /var/www to ensure that I'm in the owning group but I still have to type sudo for everything. If I sudo su www-data it works fine. Since I'm in the www-data group shouldn't I have the same privilages as www-data? One strange thing I'm noticing is that when I ls -l it list the owner but not the group names. Could this possibly be part of the issue? Is is posible for a directory to not be part of a group? drwxr-xr-x 4 www-data 4.0K Oct 24 16:39 . drwxr-xr-x 14 root 4.0K Oct 10 16:58 .. drwxrwxr-x 9 www-data 4.0K Oct 23 04:03 admin.mywebsite.com drwxrwxr-x 2 www-data 4.0K Oct 4 00:29 mywebsite.com drwxrwxr-x 9 www-data 4.0K Oct 23 04:03 staging.mywebsite.com Edit : It appears I had some alias messing with my ls command. By calling \ls -l I can see that all my files are in the correct group.

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• Whats the best cloud backup solution for a small scale server environment?

  - by nbv4

  I have a server that runs a postgres database that contains about 200MB of data. Currently I have a cron job setup on my home computer which: ssh's into my server runs a remote script which makes a backup of the database scp's that dump over to my local hard drive for storage. Each dump is 20MiB. does this every six hours (one months of backups is roughly 2GiB) The problem with this setup is that if my local machine goes down for whatever reason, no backups will be made. Also, I can't have the cron run from the server, because I can't have it scp'd to my local machine from my server (firewalls and all that crap). My local machine is running Ubuntu 10.04, and my server is Ubuntu 9.10 server edition. I looked into Ubuntu One, but currently it's gui-only. I also looked into dropbox, but it's a pain in the ass to get setup in linux without gui support. Amazon S3 looks good but it's not free (yet dirt cheap). Is there any other alternative that I should look into? I'd prefer something where I can just have my script dump the database into a directory, and have the backup service 'watch' that folder and sync accordingly. I can maybe also have my local machine sync to the cloud backup so I have even more redundancy, plus easy access to my backups for use in testing. Edit: My server is a VPS, so what solution I end up using has to be 100% software based.

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• disk space keeps filling up on EC2 instance with no apperent files/directories

  - by sasher

  How come os shows 6.5G used but I see only 3.6G in files/directories? Running as root on an Amazon Linux AMI (seems like Centos), lots of free memory available, no swapping going on, no apparent file descriptors issue. The only thing I can think of is a log file that was deleted while applications append to it. Disk space usage is slowly but continuously rising towards full capacity (~1k/min with very small decreases from time to time) Any explanation? Solution? du --max-depth=1 -h / 1.2G /usr 4.0K /cgroup 22M /lib64 11M /sbin 19M /etc 52K /dev 2.1G /var 4.0K /media 0 /sys 4.0K /selinux du: cannot access /proc/14024/task/14024/fd/4': No such file or directory du: cannot access<br/> /proc/14024/task/14024/fdinfo/4': No such file or directory du: cannot access /proc/14024/fd/4': No such file or directory du: cannot<br/> access/proc/14024/fdinfo/4': No such file or directory 0 /proc 18M /home 4.0K /logs 8.1M /bin 16K /lost+found 12M /tmp 4.0K /srv 35M /boot 79M /lib 56K /root 67M /opt 4.0K /local 4.0K /mnt 3.6G / df -h Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on /dev/xvda1 7.9G 6.5G 1.4G 84% / tmpfs 3.7G 0 3.7G 0% /dev/shm sysctl fs.file-nr fs.file-nr = 864 0 761182

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• Mail Server using Postfix

  - by unknown (google)

  I have currently set up my web application on Amazon EC2 server. As a well known fact sending email from EC2 has a problem. As a cheap and long lasting solution instead of using "authsmtp" is it possible to rent a server and use it as a Mail Server? I am currently looking for cheap hosting which will give me root access so that it can be configured and used as a relayhost. I am curently using Postfix as MTA. Has any one implemented this before? I am curious about its feasibility of this solution. I guess common requirements are: 1: Dedicated IP which is not black listed. 2: Open relay( open to my Server only) Any Tips for Header configurations to keep the mails out of spam folder. This is like exactly cloning authsmtp for personal use. Any suggestions for other Mail Server software instead of Postfix? Another problem is Reverse DNS for this server. Should PTR entry be present if a server is used as a relayhost?

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• AWS instance went down for restart, came back up and has been "Waiting for network configuration... " for 12 hours

  - by kavisiegel

  What happened was about a month ago, I created a new instance, re-configured everything, and mounted the old instances drive to the new one. I then detached the old drive from the instance, but it was still mounted, so it errored out. Now, come the outage last month, and when the instance boots back up - the drive isn't there, because in the downtime, it dismounted. It hangs because the fstab is looking for it. I get word that the server's not up today, I check the logs, re-attach the drive and restart. Now I'm getting "Waiting for network configuration..." and it doesn't seem to be doing anything. Some googling told me that I'm going to need to start from zero again, which I don't think is right. I created a new instance, which booted no problem, then I stopped it and swapped the two old drives into the new instance. Still the same error. Using the fresh AMI, it worked. I figure it's just a misconfigured Amazon file. I can attach the drive to a functioning instance on the same AMI and copy some files over, then try again - but I don't know where to even start or what files to check.

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• Automatically creating volume partitions on boot

  - by Justin Meltzer

  I followed this guide: http://www.mongodb.org/display/DOCS/Amazon+EC2+Quickstart to set up Mongodb. It had me create a RAID 10 array out of the four devices on EBS. Then it had me create a physical volume, a volume group, and three logical volumes out of that RAID 10 array. Lastly it had me create ext4 filesystems out of the logical volumes and mount them. Now the quickstart guide had me put two things in place so that these steps would be replicated on reboot of the system. It had me add some instructions to the mdadm.conf file to automatically create the RAID 10 array, and it also had me add instructions to the fstab file to automatically mount the filesystem for each logical volume. However, the quickstart guide does not have anything for automatically creating the logical volumes from the RAID 10 array. I checked my system and see that each of the four devices are part of a RAID array: $ sudo mdadm -Q /dev/sdh1 /dev/sdh1: is not an md array /dev/sdh1: device 0 in 4 device unknown raid10 array. Use mdadm --examine for more detail. However, the filesystem is never created or mounted from fstab because it's trying to mount it from logical volumes that were never created (or so it seems). My question is, how can I automatically accomplish all the steps from the quickstart guide on a reboot of the system, and what config file do I need to add data to so that I can automatically create these volume partions after the RAID 10 is created but before the filesystem is mounted. Also I'm unsure whether fstab actually creates and mounts the filesystem or just mounts the filesystem.

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• How can I generate filesystem images that are usable on many different virtualization systems?

  - by Mark Longair

  I have written a script that generates a root filesystem image (based on Debian lenny) suitable for User-Mode Linux. (Essentially this script creates a filesystem image, mounts it with a loop device, uses debootstrap to create a lenny install, sets up a static IP for TUN/TAP networking, adds public keys for login by SSH and installs a web application.) These filesystem images work pretty well with UML, but it would be nice to be able to generate similar images that people can use on alternative virtualization software, and I'm not familiar with these options at all. In particular, since the idea is to use this image as a standalone server for testing the web application, it's important that the networking works. I wonder if anyone can suggest what would be involved in customizing such root filesystem images such that they could be used with other virtualization software, such as VMware, Xen or as an Amazon EC2 instance? Two particular concerns are: If such systems don't use a raw filesystem image (e.g. they need headers with metadata or are compressed in some particular way) do there exist tools to convert between the different formats? I assume that in the filesystem, at least /etc/network/interfaces will have to be customized, but are more involved changes likely to be necessary? Many thanks for any suggestions...

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