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  • BackupPC - why does it use rsync --sender --server ... ?

    - by Jakobud
    I'm in the process of experimenting with BackupPC on a CentOS 5.5 server. I have everything pretty much setup with default values. I tried setting up a basic backup for a host's /www directory. The backup fails with the following errors: full backup started for directory /www Running: /usr/bin/ssh -q -x -l root target /usr/bin/rsync --server --sender --numeric-ids --perms --owner --group -D --links --hard-links --times --block-size=2048 --recursive --ignore-times . /www/ Xfer PIDs are now 30395 Read EOF: Connection reset by peer Tried again: got 0 bytes Done: 0 files, 0 bytes Got fatal error during xfer (Unable to read 4 bytes) Backup aborted (Unable to read 4 bytes) Not saving this as a partial backup since it has fewer files than the prior one (got 0 and 0 files versus 0) First of all, yes I have my ssh keys setup to allow me to ssh to the target server without requiring a password. In the process of troubleshooting, I tried the above ssh command directly from the command line, and it hangs. Looking at the end of the debug messages for SSH I get: debug1: Sending subsystem: /usr/bin/rsync --server --sender --numeric-ids --perms --owner --group -D --links --hard-links --times --block-size=2048 --recursive --ignore-times . /www/ Request for subsystem '/usr/bin/rsync --server --sender --numeric-ids --perms --owner --group -D --links --hard-links --times --block-size=2048 --recursive --ignore-times . /www/' failed on channel 0 Next I started looking at the rsync flags. I did not recognize --server and --sender. Looking at the rsync man pages, sure enough, I don't see anything about --server or --sender in there. What are those in there for? Looking at the BackupPC config I have this: RsyncClientPath = /usr/bin/rsync RsyncClientCmd = $sshPath -q -x -l root $host $rsyncPath $argList+ And for the arguments, I have the following listed: --numeric-ids --perms --owner --group -D --links --hard-links --times --block-size=2048 --recursive Notice there is no --server, --sender or --ignore-times. Why are these things getting added in? Is this part of the problem?

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  • Iptables: "-p udp --state ESTABLISHED"

    - by chris_l
    Hi, let's look at these two iptables rules which are often used to allow outgoing DNS: iptables -A OUTPUT -p udp --sport 1024:65535 --dport 53 -m state --state NEW,ESTABLISHED -j ACCEPT iptables -A INPUT -p udp --sport 53 --dport 1024:65535 -m state --state ESTABLISHED -j ACCEPT My question is: How exactly should I understand the ESTABLISHED state in UDP? UDP is stateless. Here is my intuition - I'd like to know, if or where this is incorrect: The man page tells me this: state This module, when combined with connection tracking, allows access to the connection tracking state for this packet. --state ... So, iptables basically remembers the port number that was used for the outgoing packet (what else could it remember for a UDP packet?), and then allows the first incoming packet that is sent back within a short timeframe? An attacker would have to guess the port number (would that really be too hard?) About avoiding conflicts: The kernel keeps track of which ports are blocked (either by other services, or by previous outgoing UDP packets), so that these ports will not be used for new outgoing DNS packets within the timeframe? (What would happen, if I accidentally tried to start a service on that port within the timeframe - would that attempt be denied/blocked?) Please find all errors in the above text :-) Thanks, Chris

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  • Postfix a lot of relay acces denied errors in maillog

    - by tester3
    I'm on Centos 6.5 with Postfix/Dovecot and some virtual domains. Postfix works fine, but I've got a lot of messages like this "NOQUEUE: reject: RCPT from 1-160-127-12.dynamic.hinet.net[1.160.127.12]: 454 4.7.1 : Relay access denied; from= to= proto=SMTP" in my maillog. I've tried to close port 25 with iptables, when I do so - I got no such messages, but my mail system starts work incorrectly and can't receive mail from other hosts. Please help! My postconf -n: alias_database = $alias_maps alias_maps = hash:/etc/postfix/aliases broken_sasl_auth_clients = yes command_directory = /usr/sbin config_directory = /etc/postfix daemon_directory = /usr/libexec/postfix data_directory = /var/lib/postfix debug_peer_level = 2 html_directory = no inet_interfaces = all inet_protocols = ipv4 mail_owner = postfix mailq_path = /usr/bin/mailq.postfix manpage_directory = /usr/share/man message_size_limit = 20971520 mydestination = localhost.$mydomain, localhost newaliases_path = /usr/bin/newaliases.postfix queue_directory = /var/spool/postfix readme_directory = /usr/share/doc/postfix-2.6.6/README_FILES relay_domains = * sample_directory = /usr/share/doc/postfix-2.6.6/samples sendmail_path = /usr/sbin/sendmail.postfix setgid_group = postdrop smtp_tls_cert_file = /etc/pki/tls/certs/example.com.crt smtp_tls_key_file = /etc/pki/tls/private/example.com.key smtp_tls_loglevel = 1 smtp_tls_session_cache_database = btree:/etc/postfix/smtp_tls_session_cache smtp_tls_session_cache_timeout = 3600s smtp_use_tls = yes smtpd_recipient_restrictions = permit_mynetworks, permit_sasl_authenticated, reject_unauth_destination smtpd_sasl_auth_enable = yes smtpd_sasl_local_domain = example.com smtpd_sasl_path = /var/run/dovecot/auth-client smtpd_sasl_security_options = noanonymous smtpd_sasl_tls_security_options = $smtpd_sasl_security_options smtpd_sasl_type = dovecot smtpd_tls_cert_file = /etc/pki/tls/certs/example.com.crt smtpd_tls_key_file = /etc/pki/tls/private/example.com.key smtpd_tls_loglevel = 1 smtpd_tls_received_header = yes smtpd_tls_session_cache_database = btree:/etc/postfix/smtpd_tls_session_cache smtpd_tls_session_cache_timeout = 3600s smtpd_use_tls = yes soft_bounce = yes tls_random_source = dev:/dev/urandom unknown_local_recipient_reject_code = 550 virtual_alias_maps = hash:/etc/postfix/vmail_aliases virtual_gid_maps = static:2222 virtual_mailbox_base = /var/vmail virtual_mailbox_domains = hash:/etc/postfix/vmail_domains virtual_mailbox_maps = hash:/etc/postfix/vmail_mailbox virtual_minimum_uid = 2222 virtual_transport = virtual virtual_uid_maps = static:2222 Please help! Will attach master.cf or anything other if needed.

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  • postfix is unable to send emails to external domains

    - by BoCode
    Whenever i try to send an email from my server, i get the following error: Nov 13 06:37:21 xyz postfix/smtpd[6730]:connect from unknown[a.b.c.d] Nov 13 06:37:21 xyz postfix/smtp[6729]: warning: host X.com[x.y.z.d]:25 greeted me with my own hostname xyz.biz Nov 13 06:37:21 xyz postfix/smtp[6729]: warning: host X.com[x.y.z.d]:25 replied to HELO/EHLO with my own hostname xyz.biz Nov 13 06:37:21 xyz postfix/smtp[6729]: 2017F1B00C54: to=<[email protected]>, relay=X.com[x.y.z.d]:25, delay=0.98, delays=0.17/0/0.81/0, dsn=5.4.6, status=bounced (mail for X.com loops back to myself) this is the output of postconf -n: address_verify_poll_delay = 1s alias_database = hash:/etc/aliases alias_maps = body_checks_size_limit = 40980000 command_directory = /usr/sbin config_directory = /etc/postfix connection_cache_ttl_limit = 300000s daemon_directory = /usr/libexec/postfix data_directory = /var/lib/postfix debug_peer_level = 1 debugger_command = PATH=/bin:/usr/bin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/X11R6/bin ddd $daemon_directory/$process_name $process_id & sleep 5 default_delivery_slot_cost = 2 default_destination_concurrency_limit = 10 default_destination_recipient_limit = 1 default_minimum_delivery_slots = 3 default_process_limit = 10000 default_recipient_refill_delay = 1s default_recipient_refill_limit = 10 disable_dns_lookups = yes enable_original_recipient = no hash_queue_depth = 2 home_mailbox = Maildir/ html_directory = no in_flow_delay = 0 inet_interfaces = all inet_protocols = ipv4 initial_destination_concurrency = 100 local_header_rewrite_clients = mail_owner = postfix mailq_path = /usr/bin/mailq manpage_directory = /usr/share/man master_service_disable = milter_default_action = accept milter_protocol = 6 mydestination = $myhostname, localhost.localdomain, localhost, $mydomain mydomain = xyz.biz myhostname = xyz.biz mynetworks = 168.100.189.0/28, 127.0.0.0/8 myorigin = $mydomain newaliases_path = /usr/bin/newaliases non_smtpd_milters = $smtpd_milters qmgr_message_active_limit = 500 qmgr_message_recipient_limit = 500 qmgr_message_recipient_minimum = 1 queue_directory = /var/spool/postfix queue_run_delay = 300s readme_directory = /usr/share/doc/postfix.20.10.2/README_FILE receive_override_options = no_header_body_checks sample_directory = /usr/share/doc/postfix.2.10.2/examples sendmail_path = /usr/sbin/sendmail service_throttle_time = 1s setgid_group = postdrop smtp_always_send_ehlo = no smtp_connect_timeout = 1s smtp_connection_cache_time_limit = 30000s smtp_connection_reuse_time_limit = 30000s smtp_delivery_slot_cost = 2 smtp_destination_concurrency_limit = 10000 smtp_destination_rate_delay = 0s smtp_destination_recipient_limit = 1 smtp_minimum_delivery_slots = 1 smtp_recipient_refill_delay = 1s smtp_recipient_refill_limit = 1000 smtpd_client_connection_count_limit = 200 smtpd_client_connection_rate_limit = 0 smtpd_client_message_rate_limit = 100000 smtpd_client_new_tls_session_rate_limit = 0 smtpd_client_recipient_rate_limit = 0 smtpd_delay_open_until_valid_rcpt = no smtpd_delay_reject = no smtpd_discard_ehlo_keywords = silent-discard, dsn smtpd_milters = inet:127.0.0.1:8891 smtpd_peername_lookup = no unknown_local_recipient_reject_code = 550 what could be the issue?

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  • cloning a kvm guest os to a vmdk file

    - by Bond
    I have a production environment where I am having 4 Guest OS running on a Ubuntu server which uses kvm. These OS are in an LVM based setup.I want these Virtual Machines to be in a vmdk format also.Where people would do experiments with these Virtual Machines so this in a vmware environment (or it can be Xen too) would be different from the kvm server.I would not have any control on that other environment so I want to give people vmdk images of these virtual machines. The production Virtual Machines will still keep running on kvm server but the VMs on which experiments would be done would be of type vmdk.(vmdk is a constraint) Here is output of lvscan ACTIVE '/dev/abcd/lvm1' [100.00 GiB] inherit ACTIVE '/dev/abcd/lvm2' [150.00 GiB] inherit ACTIVE '/dev/abcd/lvm3' [50.00 GiB] inherit ACTIVE '/dev/abcd/lvm4' [100.00 GiB] inherit I was reading man page of qemu-img and what I understand is I need to first create a qcow image file which I need to populate and then convert that to a vmdk file. Is that understanding correct? Now suppose /dev/abcd/lvm4 is the virtual machine with which I am going to start this experiment.I can shutdown the production VMs for some time to do this. So is the following way correct to go on server 1 (where kvm is running) qemu-img convert -c -f raw -O vmdk /dev/abcd/lvm4 /backup/lvm4.img or it will affect the lvm4 on kvm server 1. I do not want the VM running on original server to at all loose its any of the content but also have a vmdk file for each of the Guest OS on kvm. Before I proceed with any of the above things on the production machine I just want to make sure that I am doing the correct thing so I asking here.

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  • Auto-rebuild RAID6 with MDADM

    - by user65632
    Hello everybody, i'm new in this forum, and because I see that a lot of people get helped here, i'll ask my question here! I have a openSUSE 11.3 Linux computer with 5 disks of 1TB (WD enterprise disks) in it. with mdadm I configured an RAID6 device. Now, after a lot of thorough testing, i've noticed that when the computer goes down unsuspectedly it could happen (1 time out of 10) that while booting, the md0 device isn't recognised, and then the machine goes in "recovery mode", which means that i have to 'CTRL + C' it so it can boot to openSUSE. Once in openSUSE i have to readd the drive manually with 'mdadm /dev/md0 --add /dev/sdX'. After this everything works back fine (after resynching). So my question is: Is there a way to auto-rebuild the RAID6 device when there are problems? and how can I stop this "recovery mode" from happening. Because the computer will be in a place I can't go to, to connect a keyboard, 'CTRL + C' it just to get in openSUSE. If you could help me, I would be a very very very! happy man! :-) thanks in advance! Mikhail

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  • How do hdparm's -S and -B options interact?

    - by user697683
    These two options seem confusing. For example: according to the man page -B 254 "does not permit spin-down". However, testing with -B 254 -S 1 the drive does spin down after 5 seconds. -B Query/set Advanced Power Management feature, if the drive supports it. A low value means aggressive power management and a high value means better performance. Possible settings range from values 1 through 127 (which permit spin-down), and values 128 through 254 (which do not permit spin-down). The highest degree of power management is attained with a setting of 1, and the highest I/O performance with a setting of 254. A value of 255 tells hdparm to disable Advanced Power Management altogether on the drive (not all drives support disabling it, but most do). -S Put the drive into idle (low-power) mode, and also set the standby (spindown) timeout for the drive. This timeout value is used by the drive to determine how long to wait (with no disk activity) before turning off the spindle motor to save power. Under such circumstances, the drive may take as long as 30 seconds to respond to a subsequent disk access, though most drives are much quicker. The encoding of the timeout value is somewhat peculiar. A value of zero means "timeouts are disabled": the device will not automatically enter standby mode. Values from 1 to 240 specify multiples of 5 seconds, yielding timeouts from 5 seconds to 20 minutes. Values from 241 to 251 specify from 1 to 11 units of 30 minutes, yielding timeouts from 30 minutes to 5.5 hours. A value of 252 signifies a timeout of 21 minutes. A value of 253 sets a vendor-defined timeout period between 8 and 12 hours, and the value 254 is reserved. 255 is interpreted as 21 minutes plus 15 seconds. Note that some older drives may have very different interpretations of these values.

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  • Shrink a Volume Group in LVM / Linux in order to install Windows on the freed space

    - by Stephan Kristyn
    I have a Volume Group with Unused space. This 40Gig should become an entidy in order to install Microsoft windows 7 on it. I do not have extra space on the drive - that is why I want to shrink the VG! LVG berta resides on sda2 and consists of lv_root lv_swap unused_space I want it to become lv_root lv_swap and have a seperate entidy made out of unused_space. Microsoft Windows 7 has to get installed on this entidy. I do not understand why Linux made simple things complicated. I utterly hate LVM and think its absolute bollocks. Useful Sources: http://www.centos.org/docs/5/html/Deployment_Guide-en-US/s1-system-config-lvm.html Edit: I found the answer. The necessary steps depict how complicated LVM really is. In my opinion it is best to avoiding LVM until pvresize matures as promised in its man pages. Answer: http://fedorasolved.org/Members/zcat/shrink-lvm-for-new-partition If you run into problems when you want to remove lvswap even if in resuce mode, then try swapoff /dev/vg_1/lv_swap lvchange -an /dev/vg_1/lv_swap

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  • Ubuntu 64bit Xen DomU Issues after upgrade from Karmic to Lucid

    - by Shoaibi
    I was upgrading my servers today and it all went fine except the last machine which has the following issues: [Resolved using http://www.ndchost.com/wiki/server-administration/upgrade-ubuntu-pre-10.04#post-1004-upgradefinal-steps] No login prompt on console Done. Begin: Mounting root file system... ... Begin: Running /scripts/local-top ... Done. [ 0.545705] blkfront: xvda: barriers enabled [ 0.546949] xvda: xvda1 [ 0.549961] blkfront: xvde: barriers enabled [ 0.550619] xvde: xvde1 xvde2 Begin: Running /scripts/local-premount ... Done. [ 0.870385] kjournald starting. Commit interval 5 seconds [ 0.870449] EXT3-fs: mounted filesystem with ordered data mode. Begin: Running /scripts/local-bottom ... Done. Done. Begin: Running /scripts/init-bottom ... Done. Also tried by pressing ENTER and CTRL+C many times, no use. Resolved: [/tmp was mounted as noexec, changing that fix it]: I get errors when i try to re-install udev in single user mode: Unpacking replacement udev ... Processing triggers for ureadahead ... ureadahead will be reprofiled on next reboot Processing triggers for man-db ... Setting up udev (151-12.1) ... udev start/running, process 1003 Removing `local diversion of /sbin/udevadm to /sbin/udevadm.upgrade' update-initramfs: deferring update (trigger activated) Processing triggers for initramfs-tools ... update-initramfs: Generating /boot/initrd.img-2.6.32-25-server /usr/sbin/mkinitramfs: 329: /tmp/mkinitramfs_yuuTSc/scripts/local-premount/fixrtc: Permission denied /usr/sbin/mkinitramfs: 329: /tmp/mkinitramfs_yuuTSc/scripts/local-premount/ntfs_3g: Permission denied /usr/sbin/mkinitramfs: 329: /tmp/mkinitramfs_yuuTSc/scripts/local-premount/resume: Permission denied /usr/sbin/mkinitramfs: 329: /tmp/mkinitramfs_yuuTSc/scripts/nfs-top/udev: Permission denied /usr/sbin/mkinitramfs: 329: /tmp/mkinitramfs_yuuTSc/scripts/panic/console_setup: Permission denied /usr/sbin/mkinitramfs: 329: /tmp/mkinitramfs_yuuTSc/scripts/init-top/all_generic_ide: Permission denied /usr/sbin/mkinitramfs: 329: /tmp/mkinitramfs_yuuTSc/scripts/init-top/blacklist: Permission denied /usr/sbin/mkinitramfs: 329: /tmp/mkinitramfs_yuuTSc/scripts/init-top/udev: Permission denied /usr/sbin/mkinitramfs: 329: /tmp/mkinitramfs_yuuTSc/scripts/init-bottom/udev: Permission denied /usr/sbin/mkinitramfs: 329: /tmp/mkinitramfs_yuuTSc/scripts/local-bottom/ntfs_3g: Permission denied

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  • Login with Enterprise Principal Name using sssd AD backend in Ubuntu 14.04 LTS

    - by Vinícius Ferrão
    I’m running sssd version 1.11 with the AD backend in Ubuntu 14.04 LTS (1.11.5-1ubuntu3) to authenticate users from Active Directory running on Windows Server 2012 R2, and I’m trying to achieve logins with the User Principal Name for all users of the domain. But the UPN are always Enterprise Principal Names. Let-me illustrate the problem with my user account: Domain: local.example.com sAMAccountName: ferrao UPN: [email protected] (there’s no local in the UPN) I can successfully login with the sAMAccountName atribute, which is fine, but I can’t login with [email protected] which is my UPN. The optimum solution for me is to allow logins from sAMAccountName and the UPN (User Principal Name). If’s not possible, the UPN should be the right way instead of the sAMAccountName. Another annoyance is the homedir pattern with those options in sssd.conf: default_shell = /bin/bash fallback_homedir = /home/%d/%u What I would like to achieve is separated home directories from the EPN. For example: /home/example.com/user /home/whatever.example.com/user But with this pattern I can’t map the way I would like to do. I’ve looked through man pages and was unable to find any answers for this issues. Thanks,

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  • Create a mailbox in qmail, then forward all incoming message to Gmail

    - by lorenzo-s
    I needed to let PHP send mails from my webserver to my web app users. So I installed qmail on my Debian server: sudo apt-get install qmail I also updated files in /etc/qmail specifing my domain name, and then I run sudo qmailctl reload and sudo qmailctl restart: /etc/qmail/defaultdomain # Contains 'mydomain.com' /etc/qmail/defaulthost # Contains 'mydomain.com' /etc/qmail/me # Contains 'mail.mydomain.com' /etc/qmail/rcpthosts # Contains 'mydomain.com' /etc/qmail/locals # Contains 'mydomain.com' Emails are sent without any problem from my PHP script to any email address, using the standard mail PHP library. Now the problem is that if I send mail from my PHP using [email protected] as sender address, I want that customer can reply to that address! And possibly, I want all mails sent to this address should be forwarded to my personal Gmail address. At the moment qmail seems to not accept any incoming mail because of "invalid mailbox name". Here is a complete SMTP session I established with my server: me@MYPC:~$ nc mydomain.com 25 220 ip-XX-XX-XXX-XXX.xxx.xxx.xxx ESMTP HELO [email protected] 250 ip-XX-XX-XXX-XXX.xxx.xxx.xxx MAIL FROM:<[email protected]> 250 ok RCPT TO:<[email protected]> 250 ok DATA 554 sorry, invalid mailbox name(s). (#5.1.1) QUIT I'm sure I missing something related to mailbox or alias creation, in fact I did nothing to define mailbox [email protected] anywhere. But I tried to search something on the net and on the numerous qmail man pages, bot I found nothing.

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  • Postfix won't pipe to PHP file through aliases file

    - by jfreak53
    I'm trying to pipe from postfix to a command. According to Postfix logs it worked, but when I check the command it didn't. This is a fresh postfix install. This is my alias file: # See man 5 aliases for format postmaster: root support: "| /usr/bin/php -q /var/www/pipe/pipe.php" I run sendmail [email protected] then type it and then on a separate line type . and it goes. I check the postfix log /var/log/mail.log and this is what it states: Nov 2 15:32:33 server3 postfix/local[13284]: 42C429E0B5: to=<[email protected]>, relay=local, delay=156, delays=156/0.01/0/0.05, dsn=2.0.0, status=sent (delivered to command: /usr/bin/php -q /var/www/pipe/pipe.php) So according to that it worked, but it doesn't. If I run echo 'text' | /usr/bin/php -q /var/www/pipe/pipe.php it does work just fine. Any ideas what I did wrong? I know piping is working, I originally checked it by running that command above WITHOUT the quotes, so just support: | /usr/bin/php -q /var/www/pipe/pipe.php What it did there was append my email header and all to the file pipe.php. So I know postfix was piping it, but when I put in the quotes it says it's going but it's not according to my script.

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  • Active Directory + IIS + SQL + ASP.NET

    - by Amira Elsayed Ismail
    I have sent the following question to stackoverflow website I have installed Windows server 2008 r2 on a virtual machine, Can I install Active directory with domain controller + IIS + SQL server on the same machine? I want to make web application and this web application will authenticate users from Active Directory, the web application should be published on the server IIS and the users should access it remotely from their home using domain name of my machine, Someone tell me that its very wrong to have IIS and Active directory on the same machine I got the following Answer You can't use ActiveDirectory over the internet. At least not without something like a VPN as a middle man. Their home computers will not be joined to the domain, so there is no pass-through authentication. Yes, it's a bad idea to put AD on the web server. Why is too complex to get into in an answer here. Suffice it to say that even if you did do this, it's probably would not work the way you are thinking it should. It's not impossible to do this. For instance, many of the Microsoft "Small Businesss" products put IIS, AD, and SQL Server on the same server. But, you kind of have to know what you're doing to configure it securely. Then I add the following comment Thanks for ur reply.so what you think about the best way to do this as I didn't do anything like that before should I install active directory on a machine and IIS on another machine ? and what about SQL should I add it to the same server of active directory ? I didn't mentioned also that it will be Microsoft dynamics server that will access some information about work and i have to read data from axapta also ? also what is VPN and how can I use it to let users access my web application anywhere ? Sorry for my long questions and thanks in advance so please if anyone can help I will be thankful

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  • Find out when a system went down?

    - by Clinton Blackmore
    I have a Mac OS X 10.5 server, with a RAID set in it, that went down due to a power outage on Thursday, and the machine is not happily booting right now*. It is possible to find out when the machine went down, while not booted off the internal drive? (I'm booted off an external drive, waiting for the RAID sets to initialize.) Normally, I'd run last. The man page doesn't indicate that I can run it against a different startup volume. It looks possible to parse /var/log/utmpx, but I don't think it'd be worthwhile to try to do that from scratch for this one-off problem. * I'm still trying to figure out why it isn't happy, and may ask a follow-up question. Right now I can see that UserNotificationCenter crashed repeatedly early Thursday morning, and that securityd, mdworker, and ARDAgent crash shortly after startup [I think -- I want to verify when the box went up and down]. The login window does not come up right (I think it is crashing or not able to cope with a dead securityd). The box is supposed to be set to go down when the UPS tells it power is out; at the moment, I'm wondering if it went down, and turned back on multiple times! I sure hope not.

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  • How would I force Debian to use the physical sector size on a hard disk?

    - by Confused User
    I just purchased a few new 3TB WD drives. These have physical 4k sectors, but there is some sort of layer which is providing 512B logical sectors (see the partition table below). In order to attempt to get some more speed out of my hard drives, I would like to get rid of this logical layer and actually use the physical 4k sectors. However, I can't figure out how to do this (or even if it's possible) from the man pages of fdisk and parted, or from searching Google. Does anybody know how this could be done? As to why this is relevant, this page demonstrates that meerly aligning the sectors properly can already make up to a 25% speed difference for reads, and more than 2500% for writes in some cases! Getting rid of the logical sectors in favor of the physicals ones should improve speeds even more. Thanks! $ parted /dev/sdc GNU Parted 2.3 Using /dev/sdc Welcome to GNU Parted! Type 'help' to view a list of commands. (parted) print Model: ATA WDC WD30EZRX-00M (scsi) Disk /dev/sdc: 3001GB Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/4096B Partition Table: gpt Number Start End Size File system Name Flags 1 1049kB 3001GB 3001GB zfs 9 3001GB 3001GB 8389kB P.S. I don't care about the data on the drives, I was just playing with different file systems. Also, this is my first time posting here, so please let me know if my posts should be formatted differently, etc.

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  • bind9 named.conf zones size limit

    - by mox601
    I am trying to set up a test environment on my local machine, and I am trying to start a DNS daemon that loads tha configuration from a named.conf.custom file. As long as the size of that file is like 3-4 zones, the bind9 daemon loads fine, but when i enter the config file i need (like 10000 lines long), bind can't startup and in the syslog i find this message: starting BIND 9.7.0-P1 -u bind Jun 14 17:06:06 cibionte-pc named[9785]: built with '--prefix=/usr' '--mandir=/usr/share/man' '--infodir=/usr/share/info' '--sysconfdir=/etc/bind' '--localstatedir=/var' '--enable-threads' '--enable-largefile' '--with-libtool' '--enable-shared' '--enable-static' '--with-openssl=/usr' '--with-gssapi=/usr' '--with-gnu-ld' '--with-dlz-postgres=no' '--with-dlz-mysql=no' '--with-dlz-bdb=yes' '--with-dlz-filesystem=yes' '--with-dlz-ldap=yes' '--with-dlz-stub=yes' '--with-geoip=/usr' '--enable-ipv6' 'CFLAGS=-fno-strict-aliasing -DDIG_SIGCHASE -O2' 'LDFLAGS=-Wl,-Bsymbolic-functions' 'CPPFLAGS=' Jun 14 17:06:06 cibionte-pc named[9785]: adjusted limit on open files from 1024 to 1048576 Jun 14 17:06:06 cibionte-pc named[9785]: found 1 CPU, using 1 worker thread Jun 14 17:06:06 cibionte-pc named[9785]: using up to 4096 sockets Jun 14 17:06:06 cibionte-pc named[9785]: loading configuration from '/etc/bind/named.conf' Jun 14 17:06:06 cibionte-pc named[9785]: /etc/bind/named.conf.saferinternet:1: unknown option 'zone' Jun 14 17:06:06 cibionte-pc named[9785]: loading configuration: failure Jun 14 17:06:06 cibionte-pc named[9785]: exiting (due to fatal error) Are there any limits on the file size bind9 is allowed to load?

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  • libsasl2 change paths

    - by mk_89
    I have been following the tutorial https://help.ubuntu.com/community/Postfix for installing Postfix on ubuntu. Im stuck at the Authenication section of the tutorial where you change paths to live in the false root, if you look at the link above I have a file (/etc/default/saslauthd) which is pretty much the same as the one from the tutorial. saslauthd # This needs to be uncommented before saslauthd will be run automatically START=yes PWDIR="/var/spool/postfix/var/run/saslauthd" PARAMS="-m ${PWDIR}" PIDFILE="${PWDIR}/saslauthd.pid" # You must specify the authentication mechanisms you wish to use. # This defaults to "pam" for PAM support, but may also include # "shadow" or "sasldb", like this: # MECHANISMS="pam shadow" MECHANISMS="pam" # Other options (default: -c) # See the saslauthd man page for information about these options. # # Example for postfix users: "-c -m /var/spool/postfix/var/run/saslauthd" # Note: See /usr/share/doc/sasl2-bin/README.Debian #OPTIONS="-c" #make sure you set the options here otherwise it ignores params above and will not work OPTIONS="-c -m /var/spool/postfix/var/run/saslauthd" When I run the following command in ubuntu dpkg-statoverride --force --update --add root sasl 755 /var/spool/postfix/var/run/saslauthd I get the following error dpkg-statoverride: warning: An override for '/var/spool/postfix/var/run/saslauthd' already exists, but --force specified so will be ignored. dpkg-statoverride: warning: --update given but /var/spool/postfix/var/run/saslauthd does not exist I don't why this is happening, I literally followed the tutorial step by step and have installed all the packages necessary, what could be the problem? do I have to manually create

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  • IIS serving pages extremely slowly

    - by mos
    TL;DR: IIS 7 on WS2008R2 serves pages really slowly; everyone assumes it's because it's IIS and we should have gone with an Apache solution on Linux. I have no idea where to start debugging the problem. I work in a nearly all-MS shop with a bunch of fellow programmers who think Linux is the One True Way. Management recently added a Windows machine with IIS to serve Target Process (third-party agile system), but the site runs extremely slowly. Everyone, to a man, assumes it's because it's on IIS, and if only management would grow a brain and get some Linux servers in here, we could really start cleaning things up! ...Right. Everyone "knows" IIS isn't fit to serve .txt files. ...Well, as the only non-Microsoft hater in the bunch, I am apparently the only one who thinks maybe the Linux guy who hated being told to set up the IIS server may have screwed things up. I'd like to go fix it, but I don't have any clue as to where to start as I am not a sys admin. Help?

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  • How to edit known_hosts when several hosts share the same IP and DNS name?

    - by Frédéric Grosshans
    I regularly ssh into a computer which is a dual-boot OS X / Linux computer. The two OS instance do not share the same host key, so they can be seen as two host sharing the same IP and DNS. Let's say the IP is 192.168.0.9, and the names are hostname and hostname.domainname As far as I understood, the solution to be able to connect to the two host is to add them both to the ~/.ssh/know_hosts file. However, it is easier said than done, because the file is hashed, and has probably several entries per host (192.168.0.9, hostname, hostname.domainname). As a consequence, I have the following warning Warning: the ECDSA host key for 'hostname' differs from the key for the IP address '192.168.0.9' Is there an easy way to edit the known_hosts file, while keeping the hashes. For example, how can I find the lines corresponding to a given hostame? How can I generate the hashes for some known hosts? The ideal solution would allow me to connect to seamlessly to this computer with ssh, no matter whether I call it 192.168.0.9, hostname or hostname.domainname, nor if it uses its Linux hostkey or its OSX hostkey. However, I still want to receive a warning if there is a real man-in-the middle attack, i.e. if another key than these two is used.

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  • My linux server "Number of processes created" and "Context switches" are growing incredibly fast

    - by Jorge Fuentes González
    I have a strange behaviour in my server :-/. Is a OpenVZ VPS (I think is OpenVZ, because /proc/user_beancounters exists and df -h returns /dev/simfs drive. Also ifconfig returns venet0). When I do cat /proc/stat, I can see how each second about 50-100 processes are created and happens about 800k-1200k context switches! All that info is with the server completely idle, no traffic nor programs running. Top shows 0 load average and 100% idle CPU. I've closed all non-needed services (httpd, mysqld, sendmail, nagios, named...) and the problem still happens. I do ps -ALf each second too and I don't see any changes, only a new ps process is created each time and the PID is just the same as before + 1, so new processes are not created, so I thought that process growing in cat /proc/stat must be threads (Yes, seems that processes in /proc/stat counts threads creation too as this states: http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:8NLgzKEzHQQJ:www.linuxhowtos.org/System/procstat.htm&hl=es&tbo=d&gl=es&strip=1). I've changed to /proc dir and done cat [PID]\status with all PIDs listed with ls (Including kernel ones) and in any process voluntary_ctxt_switches nor nonvoluntary_ctxt_switches are growing at the same speed as cat /proc/stat does (just a few tens/second), Threads keeps the same also. I've done strace -p PID to all process too so I can see if any process is crating threads or something but the only process that has a bit of movement is ssh and that movement is read/write operations because of the data is sending to my terminal. After that, I've done vmstat -s and saw that forks is growing at the same speed processes in /proc/stat does. As http://linux.die.net/man/2/fork says, each fork() creates a new PID but my server PID is not growing! The last thing I can think of is that all process data that proc/stat and vmstat -s show is shared with all the other VPS stored in the same machine, but I don't know if that is correct... If someone can throw some light on this I would be really grateful.

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  • fedora, dhcpd fails to start

    - by soxs060389
    History: I got a tiny shiny plugserver which I want to plug to my ADSL router (or however you want to call it) on one end (eth0), and the other end (eth1) I want to run a dhcp server for my LAN. ATM I am stuck with getting LAN to work. OS is fedora 12. I configured my /etc/dhcp/dhcpd.conf like this: # # DHCP Server Configuration file. # see /usr/share/doc/dhcp*/dhcpd.conf.sample # see 'man 5 dhcpd.conf' # option domain-name "unknown.org"; option domain-name-servers 192.168.44.1; option subnet-mask 255.255.255.0; option broadcast-address 192.168.44.255; default-lease-time 86400; max-lease-time 172800; subnet 192.168.44.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 { host fedorabigbox { hardware ethernet 00:19:66:8E:61:74; fixed-address 192.168.44.21; } #host mobile #{ # hardware ethernet ***; # fixed-address 192.168.44.22; #} range 192.168.44.100 192.168.44.110; option routers 192.168.44.1; } # this is just dummy, as read many howtos, some suggesting to add a subnet blah netmask blah for each interface subnet 192.168.33.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 { range 192.168.33.100 192.168.33.110; option routers 192.168.33.1; } But the server fails to start when trying to start it via /etc/init.d/dhcpd start In general it would be nice if someone can point me to a in detail explanation of how network works, I am pretty new to this stuff. More concrete question: How to point the subnets to eth1 and the other to eth0, how can this be achieved? Does someone see any errors or flaws? Syntax should be correct, allready checked that with the dhcpd syntax check. Thanks for any help

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  • qsub: How can I find out what DRM middleware exactly is installed on a cluster?

    - by gojira
    I have a user account on a very big cluster. I have previous experience with Grid Engine and want to use the cluster for array jobs. The documentation tells me to use "qsub" for load balancing / submission of many jobs. Therefore I assumed this means the cluster has Grid Engine. However all my Grid Engine scripts failed to run. I checked the documentation and it is a bit weird. Now I slowly suspect that this cluster does not actually have Grid Engine, maybe it's running something called Torque (?!). The whole terminology in the man pages is a bit weird for me as a Grid Engine user, for example they talk about "bulk jobs" instead of "array jobs". There is no referral to variables on which I rely on, like SGE_TASK_ID etc. Instead they refer to variables starting with PBS_. Still, there are qsub and qstat commands. Also qsub behaves differently, apparently it is not possible to specifiy the command line parameters with bash-script comments etc. There is a documentation for the cluster system, but it does not say what the DRM middleware actually is - it refers to the entire DRM system simply as "qsub". I tried qsub --version qsub: 1.2 2010/8/17 I am not sure what I am actually running when I invoke qsub on that cluster! My question is, how can I find out if I am running Grid Engine or Torque (or whatever it is), and which version?

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  • How to Enable IPtables TRACE Target on Debian Squeeze (6)

    - by bernie
    I am trying to use the TRACE target of IPtables but I can't seem to get any trace information logged. I want to use what is described here: Debugger for Iptables. From the iptables man for TRACE: This target marks packes so that the kernel will log every rule which match the packets as those traverse the tables, chains, rules. (The ipt_LOG or ip6t_LOG module is required for the logging.) The packets are logged with the string prefix: "TRACE: tablename:chain- name:type:rulenum " where type can be "rule" for plain rule, "return" for implicit rule at the end of a user defined chain and "policy" for the policy of the built in chains. It can only be used in the raw table. I use the following rule: iptables -A PREROUTING -t raw -p tcp -j TRACE but nothing is appended either in /var/log/syslog or /var/log/kern.log! Is there another step missing? Am I looking in the wrong place? edit Even though I can't find log entries, the TRACE target seems to be set up correctly since the packet counters get incremented: # iptables -L -v -t raw Chain PREROUTING (policy ACCEPT 193 packets, 63701 bytes) pkts bytes target prot opt in out source destination 193 63701 TRACE tcp -- any any anywhere anywhere Chain OUTPUT (policy ACCEPT 178 packets, 65277 bytes) pkts bytes target prot opt in out source destination edit 2 The rule iptables -A PREROUTING -t raw -p tcp -j LOG does print packet information to /var/log/syslog... Why doesn't TRACE work?

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  • Ubuntu Pound Reverse Proxy Load Balancing Based off active server load?

    - by Andrew
    I have Pound installed on a loadbalancer. It seems to work okay, except that it randomly assigns the backend server to forward the request to. I've put 1 backend machine under so much load that it went into using swap, and I can't even ssh into it to test this scenareo. I would like the loadbalancer to realize that the machine is overloaded, and send it to a different backend machine. However it doesn't. I've read the man page and it seems like the directive "DynScale 1" is what would monitor this, but it still redirects to the overloaded server. I've also put in "HAport 22" to the backend figuring since I can't ssh in, neither could the loadbalancer and it would consider the backend server dead until it gets rid of the load and responds, but that didn't help either. If anyone could help with this, I'd appreciate it. My current config is below. ###################################################################### ## global options: User "www-data" Group "www-data" #RootJail "/chroot/pound" ## Logging: (goes to syslog by default) ## 0 no logging ## 1 normal ## 2 extended ## 3 Apache-style (common log format) LogLevel 3 ## check backend every X secs: Alive 5 DynScale 1 Client 1200 TimeOut 1500 # poundctl control socket Control "/var/run/pound/poundctl.socket" ###################################################################### ## listen, redirect and ... to: ## redirect all requests on port 80 to SSL ListenHTTP Address 192.168.1.XX Port 80 Service Redirect "https://xxx.com/" End End ListenHTTPS Address 192.168.1.XX Port 443 Cert "/files/www.xxx.com.pem" Service BackEnd Address 192.168.1.1 Port 80 HAport 22 End BackEnd Address 192.168.1.2 Port 80 HAport 22 End End End

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  • ffmpeg conversion problem

    - by user33126
    installed ffmpeg and it shows version and all correctly. but even info ffmpeg command itself shows ffmpeg -i Alice_In_Wonderland.mp4 gives messgae like FFmpeg version 0.5, Copyright (c) 2000-2009 Fabrice Bellard, et al. configuration: --prefix=/usr --libdir=/usr/lib64 --shlibdir=/usr/lib64 --mandir=/usr/share/man --incdir=/usr/include --extra-cflags=-fPIC --enable-libamr-nb --enable-libamr-wb --enable-libdirac --enable-libfaac --enable-libfaad --enable-libmp3lame --enable-libtheora --enable-libx264 --enable-gpl --enable-nonfree --enable-postproc --enable-pthreads --enable-shared --enable-swscale --enable-x11grab libavutil 49.15. 0 / 49.15. 0 libavcodec 52.20. 0 / 52.20. 0 libavformat 52.31. 0 / 52.31. 0 libavdevice 52. 1. 0 / 52. 1. 0 libswscale 0. 7. 1 / 0. 7. 1 libpostproc 51. 2. 0 / 51. 2. 0 built on Nov 6 2009 19:11:04, gcc: 4.1.2 20080704 (Red Hat 4.1.2-46) Seems stream 1 codec frame rate differs from container frame rate: 49.93 (9986/200) - 49.92 (599/12) Input #0, mov,mp4,m4a,3gp,3g2,mj2, from 'Alice_In_Wonderland.mp4': Duration: 00:01:39.65, start: 0.000000, bitrate: 542 kb/s Stream #0.0(und): Audio: aac, 44100 Hz, stereo, s16 Stream #0.1(und): Video: h264, yuv420p, 480x270, 49.92 tbr, 24.96 tbn, 49.93 tbc At least one output file must be specified Please tell me whats the problem

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