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  • Is it the address bus size or the data bus size that determines "8-bit , 16-bit ,32-bit ,64-bit " systems?

    - by learner
    My simple understanding is as follows. Memory (RAM) is composed of bits, groups of 8 which form bytes, each of which can be addressed ,and hence byte addressable memory. Address Bus stores the location of a byte of memory. If an address bus is of size 32 bits, that means it can hold upto 232 numbers and it hence can refer upto 232 bytes of memory = 4GB of memory and any memory greater than that is useless. Data bus is used to send the value to be written to/read off the memory. If I have a data bus of size 32 bits, it means a maximum of 4 bytes can be written to/read off the memory at a time. I find no relation between this size and the maximum memory size possible. But I read here that: Even though most systems are byte-addressable, it makes sense for the processor to move as much data around as possible. This is done by the data bus, and the size of the data bus is where the names 8-bit system, 16-bit system, 32-bit system, 64-bit system, etc.. come from. When the data bus is 8 bits wide, it can transfer 8 bits in a single memory operation. When the data bus is 32 bits wide (as is most common at the time of writing), at most, 32 bits can be moved in a single memory operation. This says that the size of the data bus is what gives an OS the name, 8bit, 16bit and so on. What is wrong with my understanding?

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  • directory services group query changing randomly

    - by yamspog
    I am receiving an unusual behaviour in my asp.net application. I have code that uses Directory Services to find the AD groups for a given, authenticated user. The code goes something like ... string username = "user"; string domain = "LDAP://DC=domain,DC=com"; DirectorySearcher search = new DirectorySearcher(domain); search.Filter = "(SAMAccountName=" + username + ")"; And then I query and get the list of groups for the given user. The problem is that the code was receiving the list of groups as a list of strings. With our latest release of the software, we are starting to receive the list of groups as a byte[]. The system will return string, suddenly return byte[] and then with a reboot it returns string again. Anyone have any ideas? code sample: DirectoryEntry dirEntry = new DirectoryEntry("LDAP://" + ldapSearchBase); DirectorySearcher userSearcher = new DirectorySearcher(dirEntry) { SearchScope = SearchScope.Subtree, CacheResults = false, Filter = ("(" + txtLdapSearchNameFilter.Text + "=" + userName + ")") }; userResult = userSearcher.FindOne(); ResultPropertyValueCollection valCol = userResult.Properties["memberOf"]; foreach (object val in valCol) { if (val is string) { distName = val.ToString(); } else { distName = enc.GetString((Byte[])val); } }

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  • In Fedora, Perl program cannot find Time::Piece library

    - by Eric Leschinski
    I have a Perl program named /usr/bin/octbatch running as a script on Fedora 17 Linux. When I run this command: /usr/bin/octbatch I get the error: Can't locate Time/Piece.pm in @INC (@INC contains: /usr/local/lib64/perl5 /usr/local/share/perl5 /usr/lib64/perl5/vendor_perl /usr/share/perl5/vendor_perl /usr/lib64/perl5 /usr/share/perl5) at /usr/bin/octbatch line 6. BEGIN failed--compilation aborted at /usr/bin/octbatch line 6. Here is the relevant lines of the Perl script: #!/usr/bin/perl -wT $ENV{PATH} = "/bin:/usr/bin:/usr/local/bin"; use strict; use POSIX qw(setsid :sys_wait_h); use Time::Piece; use Time::Local; I have to install Piece.pm so perl can find it. I've already installed it with this command (using the defaults): /usr/bin/perl -MCPAN -e install Time::Piece I have the Piece.pm file in /home/el/perl5/lib/perl5/x86_64-linux-thread-multi/ however when I run the octbatch command I get the same error as above. Like it can't even find it. Here is my PERL5LIB variable: el@defiant ~/gnuoctbluehost/single_stock_analysis $ env | grep PERL5 PERL5LIB=/home/el/perl5/lib/perl5/x86_64-linux-thread-multi:/home/el/perl5/lib/perl5 And the Piece.pm is located under /home/el/perl5/lib/perl5/x86_64-linux-thread-multi So my question is, Why is it not finding my Piece.pm file? And what are the ways I can get the @INC variable to include it. Or how do I make perl see it?

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  • Are flash drives and hard drives thought of as "an ocean of bytes"?

    - by Jian Lin
    Why can a USB Flash drive be formatted as NTFS or FAT32? Is the USB Flash Drive and Hard Drive just to be thought of as "an ocean of bytes"? I get very used to hearing formatting a hard drive as FAT32 or NTFS, but we can also format a USB Flash drive as NTFS or FAT32? Is it because a hard drive or Flash drive both can be thought of as "an ocean of bits" or "an ocean of bytes"? I remember RAM as: it takes 16 bit or 32 bit as an address signal (the 16 or 32 copper footing on the circuit board), and give out 8 bit of data (the other 8 copper footing on the circuit board). So can a hard drive be thought of as working that way too? So that's why a Flash drive can be the same too? Just an "ocean of bytes". But is it true that hard drive's hardware make it an ocean of sector or something else, that is, the smaller unit of read / write is not byte but something else? So with this "ocean of bytes", NTFS has the format that says, "if the first byte is __, then it means __ (it is a file or folder, and link to which sector, indicated by byte 2 and 3, etc, etc)"

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  • Partition is missing in /dev

    - by haimg
    I'm having a strange problem since I moved from Centos5 to Centos6. I have three disks, first two are used as a RAID1, and third one is a stand-alone backup disk that is not listed in /etc/fstab (it is mounded when needed and then unmounted). My problem: After a boot, /dev/sdc exists but /dev/sdc1 does not. Also, the links in /dev/disks are also absent for the first partition of sdc. Disk itself is fine, and if I hot-remove it and plug it back in, /dev/sdc1 appears ok and everything is working. My question: What subsystem manages auto-discovery of disks, partitions, etc. during the boot process (e.g. what creates /dev/disks/by-label)? How do I configure it to scan /dev/sdc too and create all relevant files and links in /dev ? Edit: Here's the relevant part of dmesg output (the only place sdc appears). It does list sdc1, but it's not in /dev! sd 1:0:0:0: [sdb] 1953525168 512-byte logical blocks: (1.00 TB/931 GiB) sd 3:0:0:0: [sdc] 976773168 512-byte logical blocks: (500 GB/465 GiB) sd 1:0:0:0: [sdb] Write Protect is off sd 1:0:0:0: [sdb] Mode Sense: 00 3a 00 00 sd 1:0:0:0: [sdb] Write cache: enabled, read cache: enabled, doesn't support DPO or FUA sd 3:0:0:0: [sdc] Write Protect is off sd 3:0:0:0: [sdc] Mode Sense: 00 3a 00 00 sd 3:0:0:0: [sdc] Write cache: enabled, read cache: enabled, doesn't support DPO or FUA sdb: sdc: sd 0:0:0:0: [sda] 1953525168 512-byte logical blocks: (1.00 TB/931 GiB) sd 0:0:0:0: [sda] Write Protect is off sd 0:0:0:0: [sda] Mode Sense: 00 3a 00 00 sd 0:0:0:0: [sda] Write cache: enabled, read cache: enabled, doesn't support DPO or FUA sda: DMAR:[DMA Read] Request device [00:1e.0] fault addr 361bc000 DMAR:[fault reason 06] PTE Read access is not set sdb1 sdb2 sdb3 sdc1 sda1 sd 1:0:0:0: [sdb] Attached SCSI disk sd 3:0:0:0: [sdc] Attached SCSI disk sda2 sda3 sd 0:0:0:0: [sda] Attached SCSI disk

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  • What may be wrong with String::ToIdentifier::EN tests?

    - by wk01
    I try to install Perl module String::ToIdentifier::EN (as depndency of DBIx::Class::Schema::Loader) but it fails on tests. I googled those errors but get no picture, where is problem: Building and testing String-ToIdentifier-EN-0.07 cp lib/String/ToIdentifier/EN.pm blib/lib/String/ToIdentifier/EN.pm cp lib/String/ToIdentifier/EN/Unicode.pm blib/lib/String/ToIdentifier/EN/Unicode.pm Manifying blib/man3/String::ToIdentifier::EN.3pm Manifying blib/man3/String::ToIdentifier::EN::Unicode.3pm PERL_DL_NONLAZY=1 /usr/bin/perl "-MExtUtils::Command::MM" "-e" "test_harness(0, 'inc', 'blib/lib', 'blib/arch')" t/00_basic.t t/10_ascii.t t/20_capitalization.t Byte order is not compatible at ../../lib/Storable.pm (autosplit into ../../lib/auto/Storable/_retrieve.al) line 380, at /home/wanradt/perl5/lib/perl5/Lingua/EN/Tagger.pm line 167 # Looks like you planned 25 tests but ran 4. # Looks like your test exited with 25 just after 4. t/00_basic.t ........... Dubious, test returned 25 (wstat 6400, 0x1900) Failed 21/25 subtests Byte order is not compatible at ../../lib/Storable.pm (autosplit into ../../lib/auto/Storable/_retrieve.al) line 380, at /home/wanradt/perl5/lib/perl5/Lingua/EN/Tagger.pm line 167 # Looks like you planned 768 tests but ran 512. # Looks like your test exited with 25 just after 512. t/10_ascii.t ........... Dubious, test returned 25 (wstat 6400, 0x1900) Failed 256/768 subtests t/20_capitalization.t .. ok Test Summary Report ------------------- t/00_basic.t (Wstat: 6400 Tests: 4 Failed: 0) Non-zero exit status: 25 Parse errors: Bad plan. You planned 25 tests but ran 4. t/10_ascii.t (Wstat: 6400 Tests: 512 Failed: 0) Non-zero exit status: 25 Parse errors: Bad plan. You planned 768 tests but ran 512. Files=3, Tests=528, 1 wallclock secs ( 0.07 usr 0.02 sys + 0.42 cusr 0.04 csys = 0.55 CPU) Result: FAIL Failed 2/3 test programs. 0/528 subtests failed. make: *** [test_dynamic] Error 255 -> FAIL Installing String::ToIdentifier::EN failed. See /home/wanradt/.cpanm/build.log for details. Byte order is not compatible at... seems a key, but to where?

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  • C# how to get current encoding type used by C# to write/read configuration for config file?

    - by 5YrsLaterDBA
    I am doing connection string encryption. we use our own encryption key with AES algorithm to do this. during the process, we need to convert string to byte array and then convert byte array back to string. I found the encoding play an important role on those conversions. So I need to know the encoding C# is using to get above conversion right. Any idea how to get current encoding programmably? thanks,

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  • How to use SQL file streaming win32 API and support WCF streaming

    - by Mahesh
    I'm using Sql server file stream type to store large files in the backend. I'm trying to use WCf to stream the file across to the clients. I'm able to get the handle to the file using SQLFileStream (API). I then try to return this stream. I have implemenetd data chunking on the client side to retrive the data from the stream. I'm able to do it for regular filestream and memory stream. Also if i convert then sqlfilestream in to memorystream that also works. The only think that doesn't work is when I try to return sqlfilestream. What am I doing wrong. I have tried both nettcpbinding with streaming enabled and http binding with MTOM encoding. This is the error message am getting : Socket connection was aborted. This could be caused by an error processing your mesage or a receive timeout being exceeded by the remote host, or an underlying network issue.. Local socket timneout was 00:09:59.... Here is my sample code RemoteFileInfo info = new RemoteFileInfo(); info.FileName = "SampleXMLFileService.xml"; string pathName = DataAccess.GetDataSnapshotPath("DataSnapshot1"); SqlConnection connection = DataAccess.GetConnection(); SqlTransaction sqlTransaction = connection.BeginTransaction("SQLSileStreamingTrans"); SqlCommand command = new SqlCommand(); command.Connection = connection; command.Transaction = sqlTransaction; command.CommandText = "SELECT GET_FILESTREAM_TRANSACTION_CONTEXT()"; byte[] transcationContext = command.ExecuteScalar() as byte[]; SqlFileStream stream = new SqlFileStream(pathName, transcationContext, FileAccess.Read); // byte[] bytes = new byte[stream.Length]; // stream.Read(bytes, 0, (int) stream.Length); // Stream reeturnStream = stream; // MemoryStream memoryStream = new MemoryStream(bytes); info.FileByteStream = stream; info.Length = info.FileByteStream.Length; connection.Close(); return info; [MessageContract] public class RemoteFileInfo : IDisposable { [MessageHeader(MustUnderstand = true)] public string FileName; [MessageHeader(MustUnderstand = true)] public long Length; [MessageBodyMember(Order = 1)] public System.IO.Stream FileByteStream; public void Dispose() { if (FileByteStream != null) { FileByteStream.Close(); FileByteStream = null; } } } ANy help is appreciated

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  • C# serial port driver wrapper class code and concept quality

    - by Ruben Trancoso
    Hi folks, Would like to know from all you guys what you think about my Serial Wrapper class. Had be a while I've beem working with serial port but never shared the code what somekind make closed to my very own vision. Would like to know if it's a good/bad approach, if the interface is enough and what more you see on it. I know that Stackoverflow is for question but at the same time there's a lot of very good skilled people here and share code and opinion can also bennefit everybody, it's why I decided to post it anyway. thanks! using System.Text; using System.IO; using System.IO.Ports; using System; namespace Driver { class SerialSingleton { // The singleton instance reference private static SerialSingleton instance = null; // System's serial port interface private SerialPort serial; // Current com port identifier private string comPort = null; // Configuration parameters private int confBaudRate; private int confDataBits; private StopBits confStopBits; private Parity confParityControl; ASCIIEncoding encoding = new ASCIIEncoding(); // ================================================================================== // Constructors public static SerialSingleton getInstance() { if (instance == null) { instance = new SerialSingleton(); } return instance; } private SerialSingleton() { serial = new SerialPort(); } // =================================================================================== // Setup Methods public string ComPort { get { return comPort; } set { if (value == null) { throw new SerialException("Serial port name canot be null."); } if (nameIsComm(value)) { close(); comPort = value; } else { throw new SerialException("Serial Port '" + value + "' is not a valid com port."); } } } public void setSerial(string baudRate, int dataBits, StopBits stopBits, Parity parityControl) { if (baudRate == null) { throw new SerialException("Baud rate cannot be null"); } string[] baudRateRef = { "300", "600", "1200", "1800", "2400", "3600", "4800", "7200", "9600", "14400", "19200", "28800", "38400", "57600", "115200" }; int confBaudRate; if (findString(baudRateRef, baudRate) != -1) { confBaudRate = System.Convert.ToInt32(baudRate); } else { throw new SerialException("Baurate parameter invalid."); } int confDataBits; switch (dataBits) { case 5: confDataBits = 5; break; case 6: confDataBits = 6; break; case 7: confDataBits = 7; break; case 8: confDataBits = 8; break; default: throw new SerialException("Databits parameter invalid"); } if (stopBits == StopBits.None) { throw new SerialException("StopBits parameter cannot be NONE"); } this.confBaudRate = confBaudRate; this.confDataBits = confDataBits; this.confStopBits = stopBits; this.confParityControl = parityControl; } // ================================================================================== public string[] PortList { get { return SerialPort.GetPortNames(); } } public int PortCount { get { return SerialPort.GetPortNames().Length; } } // ================================================================================== // Open/Close Methods public void open() { open(comPort); } private void open(string comPort) { if (isOpen()) { throw new SerialException("Serial Port is Already open"); } else { if (comPort == null) { throw new SerialException("Serial Port not defined. Cannot open"); } bool found = false; if (nameIsComm(comPort)) { string portId; string[] portList = SerialPort.GetPortNames(); for (int i = 0; i < portList.Length; i++) { portId = (portList[i]); if (portId.Equals(comPort)) { found = true; break; } } } else { throw new SerialException("The com port identifier '" + comPort + "' is not a valid serial port identifier"); } if (!found) { throw new SerialException("Serial port '" + comPort + "' not found"); } serial.PortName = comPort; try { serial.Open(); } catch (UnauthorizedAccessException uaex) { throw new SerialException("Cannot open a serial port in use by another application", uaex); } try { serial.BaudRate = confBaudRate; serial.DataBits = confDataBits; serial.Parity = confParityControl; serial.StopBits = confStopBits; } catch (Exception e) { throw new SerialException("Serial port parameter invalid for '" + comPort + "'.\n" + e.Message, e); } } } public void close() { if (serial.IsOpen) { serial.Close(); } } // =================================================================================== // Auxiliary private Methods private int findString(string[] set, string search) { if (set != null) { for (int i = 0; i < set.Length; i++) { if (set[i].Equals(search)) { return i; } } } return -1; } private bool nameIsComm(string name) { int comNumber; int.TryParse(name.Substring(3), out comNumber); if (name.Substring(0, 3).Equals("COM")) { if (comNumber > -1 && comNumber < 256) { return true; } } return false; } // ================================================================================= // Device state Methods public bool isOpen() { return serial.IsOpen; } public bool hasData() { int amount = serial.BytesToRead; if (amount > 0) { return true; } else { return false; } } // ================================================================================== // Input Methods public char getChar() { int data = serial.ReadByte(); return (char)data; } public int getBytes(ref byte[] b) { int size = b.Length; char c; int counter = 0; for (counter = 0; counter < size; counter++) { if (tryGetChar(out c)) { b[counter] = (byte)c; } else { break; } } return counter; } public string getStringUntil(char x) { char c; string response = ""; while (tryGetChar(out c)) { response = response + c; if (c == x) { break; } } return response; } public bool tryGetChar(out char c) { c = (char)0x00; byte[] b = new byte[1]; long to = 10; long ft = System.Environment.TickCount + to; while (System.Environment.TickCount < ft) { if (hasData()) { int data = serial.ReadByte(); c = (char)data; return true; } } return false; } // ================================================================================ // Output Methods public void sendString(string data) { byte[] bytes = encoding.GetBytes(data); serial.Write(bytes, 0, bytes.Length); } public void sendChar(char c) { char[] data = new char[1]; data[0] = c; serial.Write(data, 0, 1); } public void sendBytes(byte[] data) { serial.Write(data, 0, data.Length); } public void clearBuffer() { if (serial.IsOpen) { serial.DiscardInBuffer(); serial.DiscardOutBuffer(); } } } }

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  • [Java] RSA BadPaddingException : data must start with zero

    - by Robin Monjo
    Hello everyone. I try to implement an RSA algorithm in a Java program. I am facing the "BadPaddingException : data must start with zero". Here are the methods used to encrypt and decrypt my data : public byte[] encrypt(byte[] input) throws Exception { Cipher cipher = Cipher.getInstance("RSA/ECB/PKCS1Padding");// cipher.init(Cipher.ENCRYPT_MODE, this.publicKey); return cipher.doFinal(input); } public byte[] decrypt(byte[] input) throws Exception { Cipher cipher = Cipher.getInstance("RSA/ECB/PKCS1Padding");/// cipher.init(Cipher.DECRYPT_MODE, this.privateKey); return cipher.doFinal(input); } privateKey and publicKey attributes are read from files this way : public PrivateKey readPrivKeyFromFile(String keyFileName) throws IOException { PrivateKey key = null; try { FileInputStream fin = new FileInputStream(keyFileName); ObjectInputStream ois = new ObjectInputStream(fin); BigInteger m = (BigInteger) ois.readObject(); BigInteger e = (BigInteger) ois.readObject(); RSAPrivateKeySpec keySpec = new RSAPrivateKeySpec(m, e); KeyFactory fact = KeyFactory.getInstance("RSA"); key = fact.generatePrivate(keySpec); ois.close(); } catch (Exception e) { e.printStackTrace(); } return key; } Private key and Public key are created this way : public void Initialize() throws Exception { KeyPairGenerator keygen = KeyPairGenerator.getInstance("RSA"); keygen.initialize(2048); keyPair = keygen.generateKeyPair(); KeyFactory fact = KeyFactory.getInstance("RSA"); RSAPublicKeySpec pub = fact.getKeySpec(keyPair.getPublic(), RSAPublicKeySpec.class); RSAPrivateKeySpec priv = fact.getKeySpec(keyPair.getPrivate(), RSAPrivateKeySpec.class); saveToFile("public.key", pub.getModulus(), pub.getPublicExponent()); saveToFile("private.key", priv.getModulus(), priv.getPrivateExponent()); } and then saved in files : public void saveToFile(String fileName, BigInteger mod, BigInteger exp) throws IOException { FileOutputStream f = new FileOutputStream(fileName); ObjectOutputStream oos = new ObjectOutputStream(f); oos.writeObject(mod); oos.writeObject(exp); oos.close(); } I can't figured out how the problem come from. Any help would be appreciate ! Thanks in advance.

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  • c# write big files to blob sqlite

    - by brizjin-gmail-com
    I have c# application which write files to sqlite database. It uses entity fraemwork for modeling data. Write file to blob (entity byte[] varible) with this line: row.file = System.IO.File.ReadAllBytes(file_to_load.FileName); //row.file is type byte[] //row is entity class table All work correctly when files size is less. When size more 300Mb app throw exception: Exception of type 'System.OutOfMemoryException' was thrown. How I can write to blob direct, without memory varibles?

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  • An existing connection was forcibly closed by the remote host

    - by George
    I have a fat VB.NET Winform client that is using the an old asmx style web service. Very often, when I perform query that takes a while, I get the subject error. The error happenes The error seems to occur in < 1 min, which is far less that the web service timeout value that I have set or the timeout value on the ADO Command object that is performing the query within the web server. It seems to occur whenever I am performing a large query that expects to return a lot of rows or when I am sending up a large amount of data to the web service. For example, it just occurred when I was passing a large dataset to the web server: System.Net.WebException: The underlying connection was closed: An unexpected error occurred on a receive. ---> System.IO.IOException: Unable to read data from the transport connection: An existing connection was forcibly closed by the remote host. ---> System.Net.Sockets.SocketException: An existing connection was forcibly closed by the remote host at System.Net.Sockets.Socket.Receive(Byte[] buffer, Int32 offset, Int32 size, SocketFlags socketFlags) at System.Net.Sockets.NetworkStream.Read(Byte[] buffer, Int32 offset, Int32 size) --- End of inner exception stack trace --- at System.Net.Sockets.NetworkStream.Read(Byte[] buffer, Int32 offset, Int32 size) at System.Net.PooledStream.Read(Byte[] buffer, Int32 offset, Int32 size) at System.Net.Connection.SyncRead(HttpWebRequest request, Boolean userRetrievedStream, Boolean probeRead) --- End of inner exception stack trace --- at System.Web.Services.Protocols.WebClientProtocol.GetWebResponse(WebRequest request) at System.Web.Services.Protocols.HttpWebClientProtocol.GetWebResponse(WebRequest request) at System.Web.Services.Protocols.SoapHttpClientProtocol.Invoke(String methodName, Object[] parameters) at Smit.Pipeline.Bo.localhost.WsSR.SaveOptions(String emailId, DataSet dsNeighborhood, DataSet dsOption, DataSet dsTaskApplications, DataSet dsCcUsers, DataSet dsDistinctUsers, DataSet dsReferencedApplications) in C:\My\Code\Pipeline2\Smit.Pipeline.Bo\Web References\localhost\Reference.vb:line 944 at Smit.Pipeline.Bo.Options.Save(TaskApplications updatedTaskApplications) in I've been looking a tons of postings on this error and it is surprising at how varied the circumstances which cause this error are. I've tried messing with Wireshark, but I am clueless how to use it. This application only has about 20 users at any one time and I am able to reproduce this error in the middle of the night when probably no one is using the app, so I don't think that the number of requests to the web server or to the database is high. It's probably one right now when I just got the error now. It seems to have to do everything with the amt of data being passed in either direction. This error is really chronic and killing me. Please help.

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  • Smart way to find the corresponding nullable type?

    - by Marc Wittke
    How could I avoid this dictionary (or create it dynamically)? Dictionary<Type,Type> CorrespondingNullableType = new Dictionary<Type, Type> { {typeof(bool), typeof(bool?)}, {typeof(byte), typeof(byte?)}, {typeof(sbyte), typeof(sbyte?)}, {typeof(char), typeof(char?)}, {typeof(decimal), typeof(decimal?)}, {typeof(double), typeof(double?)}, {typeof(float), typeof(float?)}, {typeof(int), typeof(int?)}, {typeof(uint), typeof(uint?)}, {typeof(long), typeof(long?)}, {typeof(ulong), typeof(ulong?)}, {typeof(short), typeof(short?)}, {typeof(ushort), typeof(ushort?)}, {typeof(Guid), typeof(Guid?)}, };

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  • C# - WebBrowser control seems to cache screenshots

    - by Justin
    Hey, I'm using the WebBrowser control in an ASP.NET MVC 2 app (don't judge, I'm doing it in an admin section only to be used by me), here's the code: public static class Screenshot { private static string _url; private static int _width; private static byte[] _bytes; public static byte[] Get(string url) { // This method gets a screenshot of the webpage // rendered at its full size (height and width) return Get(url, 50); } public static byte[] Get(string url, int width) { //set properties. _url = url; _width = width; //start screen scraper. var webBrowseThread = new Thread(new ThreadStart(TakeScreenshot)); webBrowseThread.SetApartmentState(ApartmentState.STA); webBrowseThread.Start(); //check every second if it got the screenshot yet. //i know, the thread sleep is terrible, but it's the secure section, don't judge... int numChecks = 20; for (int k = 0; k < numChecks; k++) { Thread.Sleep(1000); if (_bytes != null) { return _bytes; } } return null; } private static void TakeScreenshot() { try { //load the webpage into a WebBrowser control. using (WebBrowser wb = new WebBrowser()) { wb.ScrollBarsEnabled = false; wb.ScriptErrorsSuppressed = true; wb.Navigate(_url); while (wb.ReadyState != WebBrowserReadyState.Complete) { Application.DoEvents(); } //set the size of the WebBrowser control. //take Screenshot of the web pages full width. wb.Width = wb.Document.Body.ScrollRectangle.Width; //take Screenshot of the web pages full height. wb.Height = wb.Document.Body.ScrollRectangle.Height; //get a Bitmap representation of the webpage as it's rendered in the WebBrowser control. var bitmap = new Bitmap(wb.Width, wb.Height); wb.DrawToBitmap(bitmap, new Rectangle(0, 0, wb.Width, wb.Height)); //resize. var height = _width * (bitmap.Height / bitmap.Width); var thumbnail = bitmap.GetThumbnailImage(_width, height, null, IntPtr.Zero); //convert to byte array. var ms = new MemoryStream(); thumbnail.Save(ms, System.Drawing.Imaging.ImageFormat.Jpeg); _bytes = ms.ToArray(); } } catch(Exception exc) {//TODO: why did screenshot fail? string message = exc.Message; } } This works fine for the first screenshot that I take, however if I try to take subsequent screenshots of different URL's, it saves screenshots of the first url for the new url, or sometimes it'll save the screenshot from 3 or 4 url's ago. I'm creating a new instance of WebBrowser for each screenshot and am disposing of it properly with the "using" block, any idea why it's behaving this way? Thanks, Justin

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  • To HTML 5 or not HTML 5 ?

    - by ZX12R
    I am a designer whose main marketing strategy is multi browser compatibility. I assure my clients that the site will work even in IE6 (!). Of late i have been pondering over the question of moving to HTML 5. The reason behind my apprehension is that IE6 is still a major player in terms of market share and i don't want to lose it. Is there any way of moving to HTML 5 and still promise multi browser compatibility? Thank you.

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  • "Fix" String encoding in Java

    - by Nico
    I have a String created from a byte[] array, using UTF8 encoding. However, it should have been created using another encoding (windows-1252). Is there a way to convert this string back to the right encoding? I know it's easy to do if you have access to the original byte array, but it my case it's too late because it's given by a closed source library. Thanks, Nico

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  • Go - How to read/write to file?

    - by Seth Hoenig
    I've been trying to learn Go / Golang on my own, but I've been stumped on trying read and write to ordinary files. I can get as far as: inFile,_ := os.Open(INFILE,0,0); but actually getting the content of the file doesn't make sense, since the read function takes a []byte as a parameter?? func (file *File) Read(b []byte) (n int, err Error)

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  • How to send audio data from Java Applet to Rails controller

    - by cooldude
    Hi, I have to send the audio data in byte array obtain by recording from java applet at the client side to rails server at the controller in order to save. So, what encoding parameters at the applet side be used and in what form the audio data be converted like String or byte array so that rails correctly recieve data and then I can save that data at the rails in the file. As currently the audio file made by rails controller is not playing. It is the following ERROR : LAVF_header: av_open_input_stream() failed while playing with the mplayer. Here is the Java Code: package networksocket; import java.util.logging.Level; import java.util.logging.Logger; import javax.swing.JApplet; import java.net.*; import java.io.*; import java.awt.event.*; import java.awt.*; import java.sql.*; import javax.swing.*; import javax.swing.border.*; import java.awt.*; import java.util.Properties; import javax.swing.plaf.basic.BasicSplitPaneUI.BasicHorizontalLayoutManager; import sun.awt.HorizBagLayout; import sun.awt.VerticalBagLayout; import sun.misc.BASE64Encoder; /** * * @author mukand */ public class Urlconnection extends JApplet implements ActionListener { /** * Initialization method that will be called after the applet is loaded * into the browser. */ public BufferedInputStream in; public BufferedOutputStream out; public String line; public FileOutputStream file; public int bytesread; public int toread=1024; byte b[]= new byte[toread]; public String f="FINISH"; public String match; public File fileopen; public JTextArea jTextArea; public Button refreshButton; public HttpURLConnection urlConn; public URL url; OutputStreamWriter wr; BufferedReader rd; @Override public void init() { // TODO start asynchronous download of heavy resources //textField= new TextField("START"); //getContentPane().add(textField); JPanel p = new JPanel(); jTextArea= new JTextArea(1500,1500); p.setLayout(new GridLayout(1,1, 1,1)); p.add(new JLabel("Server Details")); p.add(jTextArea); Container content = getContentPane(); content.setLayout(new GridBagLayout()); // Used to center the panel content.add(p); jTextArea.setLineWrap(true); refreshButton = new java.awt.Button("Refresh"); refreshButton.reshape(287,49,71,23); refreshButton.setFont(new Font("Dialog", Font.PLAIN, 12)); refreshButton.addActionListener(this); add(refreshButton); Properties properties = System.getProperties(); properties.put("http.proxyHost", "netmon.iitb.ac.in"); properties.put("http.proxyPort", "80"); } @Override public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) { try { url = new URL("http://localhost:3000/audio/audiorecieve"); urlConn = (HttpURLConnection)url.openConnection(); //String login = "mukandagarwal:rammstein$"; //String encodedLogin = new BASE64Encoder().encodeBuffer(login.getBytes()); //urlConn.setRequestProperty("Proxy-Authorization",login); urlConn.setRequestMethod("POST"); // urlConn.setRequestProperty("Content-Type", //"application/octet-stream"); //urlConn.setRequestProperty("Content-Type","audio/mpeg");//"application/x-www- form-urlencoded"); //urlConn.setRequestProperty("Content-Type","application/x-www- form-urlencoded"); //urlConn.setRequestProperty("Content-Length", "" + // Integer.toString(urlParameters.getBytes().length)); urlConn.setRequestProperty("Content-Language", "UTF-8"); urlConn.setDoOutput(true); urlConn.setDoInput(true); byte bread[]=new byte[2048]; int iread; char c; String data=URLEncoder.encode("key1", "UTF-8")+ "="; //String data="key1="; FileInputStream fileread= new FileInputStream("//home//mukand//Hellion.ogg");//Dogs.mp3");//Desktop//mausam1.mp3"); while((iread=fileread.read(bread))!=-1) { //data+=(new String()); /*for(int i=0;i<iread;i++) { //c=(char)bread[i]; System.out.println(bread[i]); }*/ data+= URLEncoder.encode(new String(bread,iread), "UTF-8");//new String(new String(bread));// // data+=new String(bread,iread); } //urlConn.setRequestProperty("Content-Length",Integer.toString(data.getBytes().length)); System.out.println(data); //data+=URLEncoder.encode("mukand", "UTF-8"); //data += "&" + URLEncoder.encode("key2", "UTF-8") + "=" + URLEncoder.encode("value2", "UTF-8"); //data="key1="; wr = new OutputStreamWriter(urlConn.getOutputStream());//urlConn.getOutputStream(); //if((iread=fileread.read(bread))!=-1) // wr.write(bread,0,iread); wr.write(data); wr.flush(); fileread.close(); jTextArea.append("Send"); // Get the response rd = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(urlConn.getInputStream())); while ((line = rd.readLine()) != null) { jTextArea.append(line); } wr.close(); rd.close(); //jTextArea.append("click"); } catch (MalformedURLException ex) { Logger.getLogger(Urlconnection.class.getName()).log(Level.SEVERE, null, ex); } catch (IOException ex) { Logger.getLogger(Urlconnection.class.getName()).log(Level.SEVERE, null, ex); } } @Override public void start() { } @Override public void stop() { } @Override public void destroy() { } // TODO overwrite start(), stop() and destroy() methods } Here is the Rails controller function for recieving: def audiorecieve puts "///////////////////////////////////////******RECIEVED*******////" puts params[:key1]#+" "+params[:key2] data=params[:key1] #request.env('RAW_POST_DATA') file=File.new("audiodata.ogg", 'w') file.write(data) file.flush file.close puts "////**************DONE***********//////////////////////" end Please reply quickly

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  • To use AES with 256 bits in inbuild java 1.4 api.

    - by sahil garg
    I am able to encrypt with AES 128 but with more key length it fails. code using AES 128 is as below. import java.security.*; import javax.crypto.*; import javax.crypto.spec.*; import java.io.*; /** * This program generates a AES key, retrieves its raw bytes, and * then reinstantiates a AES key from the key bytes. * The reinstantiated key is used to initialize a AES cipher for * encryption and decryption. */ public class AES { /** * Turns array of bytes into string * * @param buf Array of bytes to convert to hex string * @return Generated hex string */ public static String asHex (byte buf[]) { StringBuffer strbuf = new StringBuffer(buf.length * 2); int i; for (i = 0; i < buf.length; i++) { if (((int) buf[i] & 0xff) < 0x10) strbuf.append("0"); strbuf.append(Long.toString((int) buf[i] & 0xff, 16)); } return strbuf.toString(); } public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception { String message="This is just an example"; // Get the KeyGenerator KeyGenerator kgen = KeyGenerator.getInstance("AES"); kgen.init(128); // 192 and 256 bits may not be available // Generate the secret key specs. SecretKey skey = kgen.generateKey(); byte[] raw = skey.getEncoded(); SecretKeySpec skeySpec = new SecretKeySpec(raw, "AES"); // Instantiate the cipher Cipher cipher = Cipher.getInstance("AES"); cipher.init(Cipher.ENCRYPT_MODE, skeySpec); byte[] encrypted =cipher.doFinal("welcome".getBytes()); System.out.println("encrypted string: " + asHex(encrypted)); cipher.init(Cipher.DECRYPT_MODE, skeySpec); byte[] original = cipher.doFinal(encrypted); String originalString = new String(original); System.out.println("Original string: " + originalString + " " + asHex(original)); } }

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  • Codeigniter multilanguage and adding the language to the url for seo

    - by Jayapal Chandran
    Hi, I read this http://stackoverflow.com/questions/1328420/the-best-way-to-make-codeigniter-website-multi-language-calling-from-lang-arrays for language inclusion... i wonder how the url will appear for multi languages... How to show the language in url so that it will also be indexed in search engines... for example sitenameDOTcom/es or sitenameDOTcom/whoweare/es or something like this and how to sync with the controllers and the urls...

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  • How to check if a field is an Image field

    - by AJ
    Hello, This might seem an easy question for some, but I am struggling with it. I am trying to use SQLDataReader.GetFieldType to check if a certain field is an Image field. Lets assume the first field of the result set is an Image field, if I do: reader.GetFieldType(0).ToString; I get System.Byte[] But is this the correct way to check for it? I really don't like: if (reader.GetFieldType(0).ToString="System.Byte[]") Is there a better way? Thanks, AJ

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  • Telnet connection using c#

    - by alejandrobog
    Our office currently uses telnet to query an external server. The procedure is something like this. Connect - telnet opent 128........ 25000 Query - we paste the query and then hit alt + 019 Response - We receive the response as text in the telnet window So I’m trying to make this queries automatic using a c# app. My code is the following First the connection. (No exceptions) SocketClient = new Socket(AddressFamily.InterNetwork, SocketType.Stream, ProtocolType.Tcp); String szIPSelected = txtIPAddress.Text; String szPort = txtPort.Text; int alPort = System.Convert.ToInt16(szPort, 10); System.Net.IPAddress remoteIPAddress = System.Net.IPAddress.Parse(szIPSelected); System.Net.IPEndPoint remoteEndPoint = new System.Net.IPEndPoint(remoteIPAddress, alPort); SocketClient.Connect(remoteEndPoint); Then I send the query (No exceptions) string data ="some query"; byte[] byData = System.Text.Encoding.ASCII.GetBytes(data); SocketClient.Send(byData); Then I try to receive the response byte[] buffer = new byte[10]; Receive(SocketClient, buffer, 0, buffer.Length, 10000); string str = Encoding.ASCII.GetString(buffer, 0, buffer.Length); txtDataRx.Text = str; public static void Receive(Socket socket, byte[] buffer, int offset, int size, int timeout) { int startTickCount = Environment.TickCount; int received = 0; // how many bytes is already received do { if (Environment.TickCount > startTickCount + timeout) throw new Exception("Timeout."); try { received += socket.Receive(buffer, offset + received, size - received, SocketFlags.None); } catch (SocketException ex) { if (ex.SocketErrorCode == SocketError.WouldBlock || ex.SocketErrorCode == SocketError.IOPending || ex.SocketErrorCode == SocketError.NoBufferSpaceAvailable) { // socket buffer is probably empty, wait and try again Thread.Sleep(30); } else throw ex; // any serious error occurr } } while (received < size); } Every time I try to receive the response I get "an exsiting connetion has forcibly closed by the remote host" if open telnet and send the same query I get a response right away Any ideas, or suggestions?

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