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• Ubuntu 12.04 won't load - hangs at Busybox v1.18.5 / initramfs

  - by Marty

  I want to start by saying that I am very new with Linux (about 1 month using it). I have had no problems up until now. I am running Ubuntu 12.04 from a Toshiba laptop with 250 GB hard drive and 3 GB of ram. Everything worked fine yesterday. The only changes I made was was that I downloaded Banshee to try as a replacement for Rhythmbox and did a few recommended updates. This morning I tried to boot and it took a long time and I finally got this error: mount: mounting /dev/disk/by-uuid/02bc41cc-1e21-4700-a179-be2805a658c4 on /root failed: Invalid argument mount: mounting /dev on /root/dev failed: No such file or directory mount: mounting /sys on /root/sys failed: No such file or directory mount: mounting /proc on /root/proc failed: No such file or directory Target filesystem doesn't have requested /sbin/init. No init found. Try passing init= bootarg. BusyBox v1.18. (Ubuntu 1:1.18.5-1ubuntu4) built-in shell (ash) Enter 'help' for a list of built-in commands (initramfs) I'm not sure what to do beyond this point. I have read around on here and haven't found the help I need. I did try to boot it from the Live CD. I can boot up to the Try Ubuntu/Install Ubuntu screen. When I go through the Try Ubuntu selection I can't access my hard disk. When I clicked on it I got this error: Unable to mount 247 GB Filesystem Error mounting: mount: wrong fs type, bad option, bad superblock on /dev/sda/1, missing codepage or helper program, or other error. In some cases useful info is found in syslog - try dmesg|tail or so. I tried dmesg|tail and saw a string of values but nothing that looked helpful. I have also tried to boot from the GRUB screen as recovery mode and previous Linux version but they didn't work either. I tried to load Windows Recovery Environment (loader) (on /dev/sdc3) and got this message: error: no such device: 268057B1805785E9 error: hd1 cannot get C/H/S values I had saw somewhere that I could fix this with the Live CD but my knowledge isn't good enough to try. I tried something with Gpart that I had read, but the system told me that I didn't have Gpart. Could someone please explain to me what I need to do and/or haven't tried yet. Thanks so much!

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• Unable to boot post upgade to 12.10 from 12.04 on a dial boot PC

  - by Prateek

  I have a dual boot PC with Win7 and Ubuntu. Last night I upgraded from 12.04 to 12.10 and since then I have not been able to boot and PC goes into grub rescue with error "File not found" I have tried the below steps set prefix=(hd0,msdos5)/boot/grub/i386-pc/ set root=(hd0,msdos5) insmod normal ( i get error symbol not found : 'grub_disk_dev_list'. when I try linux /boot/vmlinuz-3.2.0-32-generic root=/dev/sda5 ro (i get error - command not found 'linux' ) same for initrd I am not able to find out what sdXX to set also.

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• How can I make Eclipse work (bash permission)?

  - by Binarylife

  Well , I've tried to compile and install Eclipse 3.6.2 using the instructions in : How to update Eclipse 3.5.2 to 3.6.2? . But Eclipse doesn't open. user@s-HP-550:~$ eclipse bash: /usr/bin/eclipse: Permission denied Edit : user@s-HP-550:~$ ls -l /usr/bin/eclipse -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 70 2011-06-12 18:15 /usr/bin/eclipse user@s-HP-550:~$ file /usr/bin/eclipse /usr/bin/eclipse: POSIX shell script text executable

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• How to install Network Adapter Drivers for Atheros AR8161/8165 PCI-E Gigabit Ethernet Controller (NDIS 6.20) Ubuntu 12.04

  - by Jessica Burnett

  How can I install drivers for 64-bit Atheros AR8161/8165 PCI-E Gigabit Ethernet Controller (NDIS 6.20) for Ubuntu 12.04. I dual boot Windows7/Ubuntu 12.04 drivers work for 64-bit Windows 7. lspic -nn: 00:00.0 Host bridge [0600]: Intel Corporation Ivy Bridge DRAM Controller [8086:0154] (rev 09) 00:01.0 PCI bridge [0604]: Intel Corporation Ivy Bridge PCI Express Root Port [8086:0151] (rev 09) 00:02.0 VGA compatible controller [0300]: Intel Corporation Ivy Bridge Graphics Controller [8086:0166] (rev 09) 00:14.0 USB controller [0c03]: Intel Corporation Panther Point USB xHCI Host Controller [8086:1e31] (rev 04) 00:16.0 Communication controller [0780]: Intel Corporation Panther Point MEI Controller #1 [8086:1e3a] (rev 04) 00:1a.0 USB controller [0c03]: Intel Corporation Panther Point USB Enhanced Host Controller #2 [8086:1e2d] (rev 04) 00:1b.0 Audio device [0403]: Intel Corporation Panther Point High Definition Audio Controller [8086:1e20] (rev 04) 00:1c.0 PCI bridge [0604]: Intel Corporation Panther Point PCI Express Root Port 1 [8086:1e10] (rev c4) 00:1c.1 PCI bridge [0604]: Intel Corporation Panther Point PCI Express Root Port 2 [8086:1e12] (rev c4) 00:1c.3 PCI bridge [0604]: Intel Corporation Panther Point PCI Express Root Port 4 [8086:1e16] (rev c4) 00:1d.0 USB controller [0c03]: Intel Corporation Panther Point USB Enhanced Host Controller #1 [8086:1e26] (rev 04) 00:1f.0 ISA bridge [0601]: Intel Corporation Panther Point LPC Controller [8086:1e59] (rev 04) 00:1f.2 SATA controller [0106]: Intel Corporation Panther Point 6 port SATA Controller [AHCI mode] [8086:1e03] (rev 04) 00:1f.3 SMBus [0c05]: Intel Corporation Panther Point SMBus Controller [8086:1e22] (rev 04) 01:00.0 VGA compatible controller [0300]: NVIDIA Corporation Device [10de:0de9] (rev a1) 02:00.0 Ethernet controller [0200]: Atheros Communications Inc. AR8161 Gigabit Ethernet [1969:1091] (rev 08) 03:00.0 Network controller [0280]: Intel Corporation Centrino Wireless-N 2200 [8086:0891] (rev c4) 04:00.0 System peripheral [0880]: JMicron Technology Corp. SD/MMC Host Controller [197b:2392] (rev 30) 04:00.2 SD Host controller [0805]: JMicron Technology Corp. Standard SD Host Controller [197b:2391] (rev 30) 04:00.3 System peripheral [0880]: JMicron Technology Corp. MS Host Controller [197b:2393] (rev 30) 04:00.4 System peripheral [0880]: JMicron Technology Corp. xD Host Controller [197b:2394] (rev 30) sudo lshw -c network *-network UNCLAIMED description: Ethernet controller product: AR8161 Gigabit Ethernet vendor: Atheros Communications Inc. physical id: 0 bus info: pci@0000:02:00.0 version: 08 width: 64 bits clock: 33MHz capabilities: pm pciexpress msi msix bus_master cap_list configuration: latency=0 resources: memory:d3a00000-d3a3ffff ioport:2000(size=128) *-network description: Wireless interface product: Centrino Wireless-N 2200 vendor: Intel Corporation physical id: 0 bus info: pci@0000:03:00.0 logical name: wlan0 version: c4 serial: 9c:4e:36:14:d4:7c width: 64 bits clock: 33MHz capabilities: pm msi pciexpress bus_master cap_list ethernet physical wireless configuration: broadcast=yes driver=iwlwifi driverversion=3.2.0-23-generic firmware=18.168.6.1 latency=0 link=no multicast=yes wireless=IEEE 802.11bgn resources: irq:45 memory:d3900000-d3901fff I also tried Manually configuring wired connection. Nether wired or wireless connects

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• Acer Allionone Z5810 Touchscreen Issues 12.04

  - by Johannes

  I have an Acer Allionone Z5810, and I can't get the touchscreen to work after I install 12.04. Here is the lsusb output: Bus 001 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0002 Linux Foundation 2.0 root hub Bus 002 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0002 Linux Foundation 2.0 root hub Bus 003 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0002 Linux Foundation 2.0 root hub Bus 004 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0003 Linux Foundation 3.0 root hub Bus 001 Device 002: ID 8087:0024 Intel Corp. Integrated Rate Matching Hub Bus 002 Device 002: ID 8087:0024 Intel Corp. Integrated Rate Matching Hub Bus 001 Device 003: ID 0596:0508 MicroTouch Systems, Inc. Bus 001 Device 004: ID 04b8:0005 Seiko Epson Corp. Printer Bus 001 Device 005: ID 07ca:1336 AVerMedia Technologies, Inc. Bus 002 Device 003: ID 04ca:0058 Lite-On Technology Corp. Bus 002 Device 004: ID 0a12:0001 Cambridge Silicon Radio, Ltd Bluetooth Dongle (HCI mode) Bus 002 Device 005: ID 04f2:b23f Chicony Electronics Co., Ltd xinput --list Virtual core pointer id=2 [master pointer (3)] ? ? Virtual core XTEST pointer id=4 [slave pointer (2)] ? ? Lite-On Technology Corp. Wireless Device id=9 [slave pointer (2)] ? ? Lite-On Technology Corp. Wireless Device id=10 [slave pointer (2)] ? Virtual core keyboard id=3 [master keyboard (2)] ? Virtual core XTEST keyboard id=5 [slave keyboard (3)] ? Power Button id=6 [slave keyboard (3)] ? Power Button id=7 [slave keyboard (3)] ? Lite-On Technology Corp. Wireless Device id=8 [slave keyboard (3)] ? USB 2.0 camera id=11 [slave keyboard (3)] ? AT Translated Set 2 keyboard id=12 [slave keyboard (3)] My xorg.conf contains: nvidia-xconfig: X configuration file generated by nvidia-xconfig nvidia-xconfig: version 304.48 (buildmeister@swio-display x86-rhel47-04.nvidia.com) Sun Sep 9 21:31:39 PDT 2012 Section "ServerLayout" Identifier "Layout0" Screen 0 "Screen0" InputDevice "Keyboard0" "CoreKeyboard" InputDevice "Mouse0" "CorePointer" InputDevice "TouchScreen" EndSection Section "Files" EndSection Section "InputDevice" Identifier "TouchScreen" Driver "microtouch" Option "Type" "finger" Option "Device" "/dev/ttyS3" Option "ScreenNo" "0" Option "MinX" "0" Option "MaxX" "16383" Option "MinY" "0" Option "MaxY" "16383" Option "SendCoreEvents" "yes" EndSection Section "InputDevice" # generated from default Identifier "Mouse0" Driver "mouse" Option "Protocol" "auto" Option "Device" "/dev/psaux" Option "Emulate3Buttons" "no" Option "ZAxisMapping" "4 5" EndSection Section "InputDevice" # generated from default Identifier "Keyboard0" Driver "kbd" EndSection Section "Monitor" Identifier "Monitor0" VendorName "Unknown" ModelName "Unknown" HorizSync 28.0 - 33.0 VertRefresh 43.0 - 72.0 Option "DPMS" EndSection Section "Device" Identifier "Device0" Driver "nvidia" VendorName "NVIDIA Corporation" EndSection Section "Screen" Identifier "Screen0" Device "Device0" Monitor "Monitor0" DefaultDepth 24 SubSection "Display" Depth 24 EndSubSection EndSection

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• usb_modeswitch not switching

  - by deniz

  After I upgraded from kernel 2.6.18 to 3.5.3 modeswitch started not to work for me. Although lsusb shows my usb modem, usb_modeswitch does not switch it. My system information is like below. I ran lsusb, dmesg, usb-devices and usb_modeswitch their output is like below. usb_modeswitch instead of switching my modem it says "No devices in default mode found. Nothing to do. Bye.". Can you offer a solution? Kernel: Linux 3.5.3 usb_modeswitch: 1.2.3-1 usb_modeswitch-data: 20120120-1 usbutils: 006-1 libusb: 1.0.8-0.1 root@localhost$ lsusb Bus 002 Device 029: ID 12d1:1446 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. root@localhost$ dmesg [70112.477080] usb 2-1.4: new high-speed USB device number 30 using ehci_hcd [70112.567757] scsi49 : usb-storage 2-1.4:1.0 [70112.567842] scsi50 : usb-storage 2-1.4:1.1 [70113.571433] scsi 49:0:0:0: CD-ROM HUAWEI Mass Storage 2.31 PQ: 0 ANSI: 2 [70113.572304] scsi 50:0:0:0: Direct-Access HUAWEI TF CARD Storage PQ: 0 ANSI: 2 [70113.574169] sr0: scsi-1 drive [70113.574223] sr 49:0:0:0: Attached scsi CD-ROM sr0 [70113.574250] sr 49:0:0:0: Attached scsi generic sg1 type 5 [70113.574350] sd 50:0:0:0: Attached scsi generic sg2 type 0 [70113.577173] sd 50:0:0:0: [sdb] Attached SCSI removable disk root@localhost$ usb-devices T: Bus=02 Lev=02 Prnt=02 Port=03 Cnt=01 Dev#= 30 Spd=480 MxCh= 0 D: Ver= 2.00 Cls=00(>ifc ) Sub=00 Prot=00 MxPS=64 #Cfgs= 1 P: Vendor=12d1 ProdID=1446 Rev=00.00 S: Manufacturer=Huawei Technologies S: Product=HUAWEI Mobile C: #Ifs= 2 Cfg#= 1 Atr=c0 MxPwr=500mA I: If#= 0 Alt= 0 #EPs= 2 Cls=08(stor.) Sub=06 Prot=50 Driver=usb-storage I: If#= 1 Alt= 0 #EPs= 2 Cls=08(stor.) Sub=06 Prot=50 Driver=usb-storage root@localhost$ cat /etc/usb_modeswitch.d/12d1\:1446 # Huawei, newer modems TargetVendor= 0x12d1 TargetProductList="1001,1406,140b,140c,1412,141b,1433,1436,14ac,1506" MessageContent="55534243123456780000000000000011062000000100000000000000000000" root@localhost$ usb_modeswitch -c /etc/usb_modeswitch.d/12d1:1446 -v 12d1 -p 1446 -W * usb_modeswitch: handle USB devices with multiple modes * Version 1.2.3 (C) Josua Dietze 2012 * Based on libusb0 (0.1.12 and above) ! PLEASE REPORT NEW CONFIGURATIONS ! DefaultVendor= 0x12d1 DefaultProduct= 0x1446 TargetVendor= 0x12d1 TargetProduct= not set TargetClass= not set TargetProductList="1001,1406,140b,140c,1412,141b,1433,1436,14ac,1506" DetachStorageOnly=0 HuaweiMode=0 SierraMode=0 SonyMode=0 QisdaMode=0 GCTMode=0 KobilMode=0 SequansMode=0 MobileActionMode=0 CiscoMode=0 MessageEndpoint= not set MessageContent="55534243123456780000000000000011062000000100000000000000000000" NeedResponse=0 ResponseEndpoint= not set InquireDevice enabled (default) Success check disabled System integration mode disabled usb_set_debug: Setting debugging level to 15 (on) usb_os_find_busses: Skipping non bus directory devices usb_os_find_busses: Skipping non bus directory drivers usb_os_find_busses: Skipping non bus directory uevent usb_os_find_busses: Skipping non bus directory drivers_probe usb_os_find_busses: Skipping non bus directory drivers_autoprobe Looking for target devices ... No devices in target mode or class found Looking for default devices ... No devices in default mode found. Nothing to do. Bye. Thanks in advance.

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• ubuntu 13.04 recognizes usb mobile broadband modem as ethernet connection

  - by Bence Mihalka

  When I plug in my usb mobile broadband modem (ZTE MF-667), in the network manager instead of a mobile broadband connection, I get an ethernet connection, called: Ethernet Network (ZTE WCDMA Technologies MSM), which of course doesn't work. Here is my lsusb output and the relevant parts of dmesg output: lsusb: Bus 001 Device 002: ID 8087:0024 Intel Corp. Integrated Rate Matching Hub Bus 002 Device 002: ID 8087:0024 Intel Corp. Integrated Rate Matching Hub Bus 001 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0002 Linux Foundation 2.0 root hub Bus 002 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0002 Linux Foundation 2.0 root hub Bus 003 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0002 Linux Foundation 2.0 root hub Bus 004 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0003 Linux Foundation 3.0 root hub Bus 001 Device 003: ID 0cf3:3005 Atheros Communications, Inc. AR3011 Bluetooth Bus 001 Device 004: ID 04f2:b1b9 Chicony Electronics Co., Ltd Asus Integrated Webcam Bus 001 Device 005: ID 058f:6366 Alcor Micro Corp. Multi Flash Reader Bus 002 Device 004: ID 19d2:1405 ZTE WCDMA Technologies MSM dmesg: [ 195.328467] usb 2-1.1: new high-speed USB device number 3 using ehci-pci [ 195.423545] usb 2-1.1: New USB device found, idVendor=19d2, idProduct=1225 [ 195.423555] usb 2-1.1: New USB device strings: Mfr=3, Product=2, SerialNumber=4 [ 195.423561] usb 2-1.1: Product: ZTE WCDMA Technologies MSM [ 195.423567] usb 2-1.1: Manufacturer: ZTE,Incorporated [ 195.423572] usb 2-1.1: SerialNumber: P680A1ZTED000000 [ 195.426319] scsi7 : usb-storage 2-1.1:1.0 [ 196.425354] scsi 7:0:0:0: CD-ROM CWID USB SCSI CD-ROM 2.31 PQ: 0 ANSI: 2 [ 197.447919] usb 2-1.1: USB disconnect, device number 3 [ 197.457582] sr0: scsi3-mmc drive: 243x/186x xa/form2 cdda pop-up [ 197.457594] cdrom: Uniform CD-ROM driver Revision: 3.20 [ 197.459058] sr 7:0:0:0: Attached scsi CD-ROM sr0 [ 197.459483] sr 7:0:0:0: Attached scsi generic sg2 type 5 [ 197.759186] usb 2-1.1: new high-speed USB device number 4 using ehci-pci [ 197.854543] usb 2-1.1: New USB device found, idVendor=19d2, idProduct=1405 [ 197.854556] usb 2-1.1: New USB device strings: Mfr=4, Product=3, SerialNumber=5 [ 197.854564] usb 2-1.1: Product: ZTE WCDMA Technologies MSM [ 197.854572] usb 2-1.1: Manufacturer: ZTE,Incorporated [ 197.854579] usb 2-1.1: SerialNumber: P680A1ZTED010000 [ 197.957739] scsi8 : usb-storage 2-1.1:1.2 [ 198.076554] cdc_ether 2-1.1:1.0 eth1: register 'cdc_ether' at usb-0000:00:1d.0-1.1, CDC Ethernet Device, 00:a0:c6:00:00:00 [ 198.076583] usbcore: registered new interface driver cdc_ether [ 198.955985] scsi 8:0:0:0: CD-ROM CWID USB SCSI CD-ROM 2.31 PQ: 0 ANSI: 2 [ 198.956797] scsi 8:0:0:1: Direct-Access ZTE MMC Storage 2.31 PQ: 0 ANSI: 2 I created the appropriate mobile broadband connection manually, but I cannot enable it in network manager, since the device is not recognized as mobile broadband. Any tips how to make it work?

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• mounting ext4 fs with block size of 65536

  - by seaquest

  I am doing some benchmarking on EXT4 performance on Compact Flash media. I have created an ext4 fs with block size of 65536. however I can not mount it on ubuntu-10.10-netbook-i386. (it is already mounting ext4 fs with 4096 bytes of block sizes) According to my readings on ext4 it should allow such big block sized fs. I want to hear your comments. root@ubuntu:~# mkfs.ext4 -b 65536 /dev/sda3 Warning: blocksize 65536 not usable on most systems. mke2fs 1.41.12 (17-May-2010) mkfs.ext4: 65536-byte blocks too big for system (max 4096) Proceed anyway? (y,n) y Warning: 65536-byte blocks too big for system (max 4096), forced to continue Filesystem label= OS type: Linux Block size=65536 (log=6) Fragment size=65536 (log=6) Stride=0 blocks, Stripe width=0 blocks 19968 inodes, 19830 blocks 991 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user First data block=0 1 block group 65528 blocks per group, 65528 fragments per group 19968 inodes per group Writing inode tables: done Creating journal (1024 blocks): done Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done This filesystem will be automatically checked every 37 mounts or 180 days, whichever comes first. Use tune2fs -c or -i to override. root@ubuntu:~# tune2fs -l /dev/sda3 tune2fs 1.41.12 (17-May-2010) Filesystem volume name: <none> Last mounted on: <not available> Filesystem UUID: 4cf3f507-e7b4-463c-be11-5b408097099b Filesystem magic number: 0xEF53 Filesystem revision #: 1 (dynamic) Filesystem features: has_journal ext_attr resize_inode dir_index filetype extent flex_bg sparse_super large_file huge_file uninit_bg dir_nlink extra_isize Filesystem flags: signed_directory_hash Default mount options: (none) Filesystem state: clean Errors behavior: Continue Filesystem OS type: Linux Inode count: 19968 Block count: 19830 Reserved block count: 991 Free blocks: 18720 Free inodes: 19957 First block: 0 Block size: 65536 Fragment size: 65536 Blocks per group: 65528 Fragments per group: 65528 Inodes per group: 19968 Inode blocks per group: 78 Flex block group size: 16 Filesystem created: Sat Feb 5 14:39:55 2011 Last mount time: n/a Last write time: Sat Feb 5 14:40:02 2011 Mount count: 0 Maximum mount count: 37 Last checked: Sat Feb 5 14:39:55 2011 Check interval: 15552000 (6 months) Next check after: Thu Aug 4 14:39:55 2011 Lifetime writes: 70 MB Reserved blocks uid: 0 (user root) Reserved blocks gid: 0 (group root) First inode: 11 Inode size: 256 Required extra isize: 28 Desired extra isize: 28 Journal inode: 8 Default directory hash: half_md4 Directory Hash Seed: afb5b570-9d47-4786-bad2-4aacb3b73516 Journal backup: inode blocks root@ubuntu:~# mount -t ext4 /dev/sda3 /mnt/ mount: wrong fs type, bad option, bad superblock on /dev/sda3, missing codepage or helper program, or other error In some cases useful info is found in syslog - try dmesg | tail or so

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• What's better for SEO for many international markets?

  - by Roy Rico

  Right now, we're working to migrate our company sites for international markets to this scheme www.company.com/[2 letter country codes] www.company.com/uk #for United Kingdom www.company.com/au #for Australia www.company.com/jp #for Japan www.comapny.com/ #for united states, and non identifiable. However, in google webmaster tools, we can geo target each directory, but not the root. If we geo-tag the root with US, all the other markets will inherit. Is it better to move the US market to /us/ or leave it where it is?

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• Wireless Broadcom 4313 not working on Ubuntu 12.04

  - by user88568

  It seems a lot of people are having this problem, but none of the posted solutions have worked for me so far. My driver is installed and activated, I have tried removing and re-adding the network, and various other fixes. No networks were picked up on my first boot, the next day wireless worked fine, and since then it does not detect networks, and when I manually try to connect, it repeatedly asks for the password and does not connect. Here's my info: 03:00.0 Network controller: Broadcom Corporation BCM4313 802.11b/g/n Wireless LAN Controller (rev 01) Subsystem: Dell Inspiron M5010 / XPS 8300 Flags: bus master, fast devsel, latency 0, IRQ 17 Memory at f0500000 (64-bit, non-prefetchable) [size=16K] Capabilities: [40] Power Management version 3 Capabilities: [58] Vendor Specific Information: Len=78 Capabilities: [48] MSI: Enable- Count=1/1 Maskable- 64bit+ Capabilities: [d0] Express Endpoint, MSI 00 Capabilities: [100] Advanced Error Reporting Capabilities: [13c] Virtual Channel Capabilities: [160] Device Serial Number 00-00-a1-ff-ff-f3-70-f1 Capabilities: [16c] Power Budgeting Kernel driver in use: wl Kernel modules: wl, bcma, brcmsmac root@michelle-laptop:/home/michelle# ifconfig eth0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 70:f1:a1:f3:ba:ab inet6 addr: fe80::72f1:a1ff:fef3:baab/64 Scope:Link UP BROADCAST MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1 RX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:29 TX packets:0 errors:30 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000 RX bytes:0 (0.0 B) TX bytes:0 (0.0 B) Interrupt:17 eth1 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr f0:4d:a2:53:83:7a UP BROADCAST MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1 RX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000 RX bytes:0 (0.0 B) TX bytes:0 (0.0 B) Interrupt:43 lo Link encap:Local Loopback inet addr:127.0.0.1 Mask:255.0.0.0 inet6 addr: ::1/128 Scope:Host UP LOOPBACK RUNNING MTU:16436 Metric:1 RX packets:104 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:104 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:0 RX bytes:8000 (8.0 KB) TX bytes:8000 (8.0 KB) root@michelle-laptop:/home/michelle# lsmod Module Size Used by dm_crypt 22528 0 snd_hda_codec_hdmi 31775 1 snd_hda_codec_realtek 174313 1 snd_hda_intel 32765 5 snd_hda_codec 109562 3 snd_hda_codec_hdmi,snd_hda_codec_realtek,snd_hda_intel snd_hwdep 13276 1 snd_hda_codec snd_pcm 80845 4 snd_hda_codec_hdmi,snd_hda_intel,snd_hda_codec snd_seq_midi 13132 0 snd_rawmidi 25424 1 snd_seq_midi snd_seq_midi_event 14475 1 snd_seq_midi snd_seq 51567 2 snd_seq_midi,snd_seq_midi_event parport_pc 32114 0 ppdev 12849 0 binfmt_misc 17292 1 lib80211_crypt_tkip 17275 0 bnep 17830 2 rfcomm 38139 0 snd_timer 28931 2 snd_pcm,snd_seq snd_seq_device 14172 3 snd_seq_midi,snd_rawmidi,snd_seq joydev 17393 0 wl 2646601 0 snd 62064 19 snd_hda_codec_hdmi,snd_hda_codec_realtek,snd_hda_intel,snd_hda_codec,snd_hwdep,snd_pcm,snd_rawmidi,snd_seq,snd_timer,snd_seq_device soundcore 14635 1 snd btusb 17912 0 bluetooth 158438 11 bnep,rfcomm,btusb uvcvideo 67203 0 videodev 86588 1 uvcvideo snd_page_alloc 14108 2 snd_hda_intel,snd_pcm lib80211 14040 2 lib80211_crypt_tkip,wl intel_ips 17822 0 psmouse 72919 0 serio_raw 13027 0 mei 36570 0 dell_laptop 17767 0 dell_wmi 12601 0 dcdbas 14098 1 dell_laptop sparse_keymap 13658 1 dell_wmi mac_hid 13077 0 lp 17455 0 parport 40930 3 parport_pc,ppdev,lp usbhid 41906 0 hid 77367 1 usbhid wmi 18744 1 dell_wmi i915 414817 3 atl1c 36718 0 drm_kms_helper 45466 1 i915 drm 197692 4 i915,drm_kms_helper i2c_algo_bit 13199 1 i915 video 19068 1 i915 root@michelle-laptop:/home/michelle# iwlist scan lo Interface doesn't support scanning. eth1 Interface doesn't support scanning. eth0 No scan results root@michelle-laptop:/home/michelle# rfkill list 0: dell-wifi: Wireless LAN Soft blocked: no Hard blocked: no 1: dell-bluetooth: Bluetooth Soft blocked: yes Hard blocked: no 3: brcmwl-0: Wireless LAN Soft blocked: no Hard blocked: no Obviously I don't know what I'm doing. I'd appreciate any help! Thanks!

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• ubuntu stuck in a login loop after editing profile file

  - by varunit

  I'm stuck in a login loop now. What I did was edited /etc/profile as root and added the following line export PATH = /opt/my jdk 7 path/bin:$PATH After logging out and tried to login, I cannot I have tried booting in recovery mode, entered root prompt and tried to edit the file in vi but it always opens in read only mode and hence cannot be saved. I just need a way to delete that line and boot into ubuntu again. Please help me out guys..

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• How to keep AST for feature access?

  - by greenoldman

  Consider such code (let's say it is C++) Foo::Bar.get().X How one should keep the AST for this -- as "tree" with root at left Foo(Bar(get(X)), or with root at right (((Foo)Bar)get)X? Or maybe as a flat structure (list)? The first one seems more convenient when resolving names, the second when working with it as expression. I set tag parsing but I am asking from semantic analysis POV really (there is no such tag).

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• Unable to connect to the Internet via LAN despite the connection showing as established

  - by Vikram

  I have installed Ubuntu 11.10. I am facing a problem connecting via LAN. We have a firewalled network. After entering static IP, gateway, DNS, etc., it shows connection as established but we are unable to use the Internet using the wired connection (LAN). While checking system testing following error shows under network test: ERROR:root:Could not find def gateway info in /proc ERROR:root:Could not find default gateway by running route

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• Error mounting an external HDD

  - by Slash

  I want to mount an external HDD.I have tried many things but still no success.When i try to mount it from Disk Utility i get this error: Error mounting: mount exited with exit code 1: helper failed with: Unprivileged user can not mount NTFS block devices using the external FUSE library. Either mount the volume as root, or rebuild NTFS-3G with integrated FUSE support and make it setuid root. Please see more information at tuxera.com/community/ntfs-3g-faq/#unprivileged

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• Problem with USB drivers (Windows-XP)

  - by Carl

  I obtained the drivers from the manufacturer for my HT-Link NEC USB 2.0 2-port Cardbus card. When I plugged in the card before I got the drivers, 3 new entries showed up in the Device Manager - two "NEC PCI to USB Open Host Controller" and one "Standard Enhanced PCI to USB Host controller." With the card plugged in, I uninstalled those two drivers. I then removed the card. I copied the new drivers to c:\windows\system32\drivers and the .inf file to c:\windows\inf. I also copied the drivers & inf to a new directory called c:\windows\drivers\ousb2. I reinserted the card. Windows automatically installed the same drivers as before. I selected 'update driver' on the "NEC PCI to USB..." entry and didn't see any other options. I then selected 'have disk' and pointed to c:\windows\drivers\ousb2 and got a message "The specified location does not contain information about your hardware." I then selected 'update driver' on the "Standard Enhanced PCI to USB...," and manually selected "USB 2.0 Enhanced Host Controller" (OWC 4/15/2003 2.1.3.1). Windows then automatically found a USB root hub, and I manually selected "USB 2.0 Root Hub Device" (OWC 4/15/2003 2.1.3.1). Now there are two sections in the Device Manager titled "Universal Serial Bus controllers." I plugged in my external USB hard disk adapter, and "USB Mass Storage Device" was added to the first set. Here's how it looks (w/drivers from the properties): [Universal Serial Bus controllers] Intel(R) 82801DB/DBM USB 2.0 Enhanced Host Controller - 24CD (6/1/2002 5.1.2600.0) Intel(R) 82801DB/DBM USB Universal Host Controller - 24C2 (7/1/2001 5.1.2600.5512) Intel(R) 82801DB/DBM USB Universal Host Controller - 24C4 (7/1/2001 5.1.2600.5512) Intel(R) 82801DB/DBM USB Universal Host Controller - 24C7 (7/1/2001 5.1.2600.5512) NEC PCI to USB Open Host Controller (7/1/2001 5.1.2600.5512) NEC PCI to USB Open Host Controller (7/1/2001 5.1.2600.5512) USB Mass Storage Device USB Root Hub (7/1/2001 5.1.2600.5512) (5 more USB Root Hubs - same driver) [Universal Serial Bus controllers] USB 2.0 Enhanced Host Controller (OWC 4/15/2003 2.1.3.1) USB 2.0 Root Hub Device (OWC 4/15/2003 2.1.3.1) When I unplug the card the two "NEC PCI to USB..." entries in the first set disappear, and the whole second set disappears. (I unplugged the hard disk adapter first...) The hard disk adapter still doesn't work in that Cardbus card with the new drivers. I don't think the above looks right - a second set of USB controllers listed in the Device Manager, and the NEC entries still in the first set, and the the USB mass storage device still in the first set. Any help appreciated. (Windows XP PRO SP3 w/all current updates.)

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• How to get physical partition name from iSCSI details on Windows?

  - by Barry Kelly

  I've got a piece of software that needs the name of a partition in \Device\Harddisk2\Partition1 style, as shown e.g. in WinObj. I want to get this partition name from details of the iSCSI connection that underlies the partition. The trouble is that disk order is not fixed - depending on what devices are connected and initialized in what order, it can move around. So suppose I have the portal name (DNS of the iSCSI target), target IQN, etc. I'd like to somehow discover which volumes in the system relate to it, in an automated fashion. I can write some PowerShell WMI queries that get somewhat close to the desired info: PS> get-wmiobject -class Win32_DiskPartition NumberOfBlocks : 204800 BootPartition : True Name : Disk #0, Partition #0 PrimaryPartition : True Size : 104857600 Index : 0 ... From the Name here, I think I can fabricate the corresponding name by adding 1 to the partition number: \Device\Harddisk0\Partition1 - Partition0 appears to be a fake partition mapping to the whole disk. But the above doesn't have enough information to map to the underlying physical device, unless I take a guess based on exact size matching. I can get some info on SCSI devices, but it's not helpful in joining things up (iSCSI target is Nexenta/Solaris COMSTAR): PS> get-wmiobject -class Win32_SCSIControllerDevice __GENUS : 2 __CLASS : Win32_SCSIControllerDevice ... Antecedent : \\COBRA\root\cimv2:Win32_SCSIController.DeviceID="ROOT\\ISCSIPRT\\0000" Dependent : \\COBRA\root\cimv2:Win32_PnPEntity.DeviceID="SCSI\\DISK&VEN_NEXENTA&PROD_COMSTAR... Similarly, I can run queries like these: PS> get-wmiobject -namespace ROOT\WMI -class MSiSCSIInitiator_TargetClass PS> get-wmiobject -namespace ROOT\WMI -class MSiSCSIInitiator_PersistentDevices These guys return information relating to my iSCSI target name and the GUID volume name respectively (a volume name like \\?\Volume{guid-goes-here}), but the GUID volume name is no good to me, and there doesn't appear to be a reliable correspondence between the target name and the volume that I can join on. I simply can't find an easy way of getting from an IQN (e.g. iqn.1992-01.com.example:storage:diskarrays-sn-a8675309) to physical partitions mapped from that target. The way I do it by hand? I start Disk Management, and look for a partition of the correct size, verify that its driver says NEXENTA COMSTAR, and look at the disk number. But even this is unreliable if I have multiple iSCSI volumes of the exact same size. Any suggestions?

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• I can't change audio/volume preferences?

  - by genesis

  When I click to sound icon on the panel, I have 3 options: "Mute all" is gray and could not be clicked Slider - I can slide but it DOESNT change anything Preferences - Shows this (waiting for the response from audio device), but it doesn't show anything for more than a hour This is from aplay -l : root@fb:~# aplay -l **** List of PLAYBACK Hardware Devices **** card 0: SB [HDA ATI SB], device 0: ALC272 Analog [ALC272 Analog] Subdevices: 1/1 Subdevices #0: subdevice #0 karta 1: HDMI [HDA ATI HDMI], device 3: ATI HDMI [ATI HDMI] Subdevices: 1/1 Subdevices #0: subdevice #0 root@fb:~# What's wrong?

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• No suspend on lid closing on a Samsung Series 5 14" NP530U4BI

  - by dmeu

  Ok, i realize I am not the only one, but I will try to provide all info possible to make it exemplary as possible and narrow down the error sources. I have a fresh install of Ubuntu 12.04 and the suspend worked fine upon having it freshly installed but now it does not anymore. The suspend option from the system power button on the top right works fine. Things I did do which I don't know if they are related: Install and remove againthe FGLRX drivers (Radeon graphic card) Install Jupiter power managment (shutting it down is not changin anything) Plug in and out an external display The configuration I know of is well set: In System Settings/Power all is set to suspend when closing lid Double checked with dconf-editor, everything set to suspend So, from here on I don't know how to proceed.. what are common problems that cause this error? EDIT: My computer model is: Samsung Series 5 14" NP530U4BI $ sudo lspci -nn 00:00.0 Host bridge [0600]: Intel Corporation 2nd Generation Core Processor Family DRAM Controller 00:01.0 PCI bridge [0604]: Intel Corporation Xeon E3-1200/2nd Generation Core Processor Family PCI Express Root Port 00:02.0 VGA compatible controller [0300]: Intel Corporation 2nd Generation Core Processor Family Integrated Graphics Controller 00:16.0 Communication controller [0780]: Intel Corporation 6 Series/C200 Series Chipset Family MEI Controller #1 00:1a.0 USB controller [0c03]: Intel Corporation 6 Series/C200 Series Chipset Family USB Enhanced Host Controller #2 00:1b.0 Audio device [0403]: Intel Corporation 6 Series/C200 Series Chipset Family High Definition Audio Controller 00:1c.0 PCI bridge [0604]: Intel Corporation 6 Series/C200 Series Chipset Family PCI Express Root Port 1 00:1c.3 PCI bridge [0604]: Intel Corporation 6 Series/C200 Series Chipset Family PCI Express Root Port 4 00:1c.4 PCI bridge [0604]: Intel Corporation 6 Series/C200 Series Chipset Family PCI Express Root Port 5 00:1d.0 USB controller [0c03]: Intel Corporation 6 Series/C200 Series Chipset Family USB Enhanced Host Controller #1 00:1f.0 ISA bridge [0601]: Intel Corporation HM65 Express Chipset Family LPC Controller [8086:1c49] (rev 04) 00:1f.2 SATA controller [0106]: Intel Corporation 6 Series/C200 Series Chipset Family 6 port SATA AHCI Controller 00:1f.3 SMBus [0c05]: Intel Corporation 6 Series/C200 Series Chipset Family SMBus Controller [8086:1c22] (rev 04) 01:00.0 VGA compatible controller [0300]: Advanced Micro Devices [AMD] nee ATI Thames [Radeon 7500M/7600M Series] 02:00.0 Network controller [0280]: Intel Corporation Centrino Advanced-N 6230 03:00.0 Ethernet controller [0200]: Realtek Semiconductor Co., Ltd. RTL8111/8168B PCI Express Gigabit Ethernet controller 04:00.0 USB controller [0c03]: ASMedia Technology Inc. ASM1042 SuperSpeed USB Host Controller

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• Failed to start up after upgrading software

  - by Landy

  I asked this question in SuperUser one hour ago, then I know this community so I moved the question here... I've been running Ubuntu 10.10 in a physical x86-64 machine. Today Update Manager reminded me that there are some updates to install and I confirmed the action. I should had read the update list but I didn't. I can only remember there is an update about cups. After the upgrading, Update Manager requires a restart and I confirmed too. But after the restart, the computer can't start up. There are errors in the console. Begin: Running /scripts/init-premount ... done. Begin: Mounting root file system ... Begin: Running /scripts/local-top ... done. [xxx]usb 1-8: new high speed USB device using ehci_hcd and address 3 [xxx]usb 2-1: new full speed USB device using ohci_hcd and address 2 [xxx]hub 2-1:1.0: USB hub found [xxx]hub 2-1:1.0: 4 ports detected [xxx]usb 2-1.1: new low speed USB device using ohci_hcd and address 3 Gave up waiting for root device. Common probles: - Boot args (cat /proc/cmdline) - Check rootdelay=(did the system wait long enough) - Check root= (did the system wait for the right device?) - Missing modules (cat /proc/modules; ls /dev) FATAL: Could not load /lib/modules/2.6.35-22-generic/modules.dep: No such file or directory FATAL: Could not load /lib/modules/2.6.35-22-generic/modules.dep: No such file or directory ALERT! /dev/sda1 does not exist. Dropping to a shell! BusyBox v1.15.3 (Ubuntu 1:1.15.3-1ubuntu5) built-in shell(ash) Enter 'help' for a list of built-in commands. (initramfs)[cursor is here] At the moment, I can't input anything in the console. The keyboard doesn't work at all. What's wrong? How can I check boot args or "root=" as suggested? How can I fix this issue? Thanks. =============== PS1: the /dev/sda1 is type ext4 (rw,nosuid,nodev) PS2: the /dev/sda1 can be mounted and accessed successfully under SUSE 11 SP1 x64. PS3: From this link, I think the keyboard doesn't work because the USB driver is not loaded at that time.

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• LTSP thin client to single user mode

  - by DJC

  Is it possible to boot a LTSP thin client to single user mode? I've updated the default entry under /var/lib/tftpboot/ltsp/i386/pxelinux.cfg to read as follows: - append ro initrd=initrd.img root=/dev/nbd0 init=/sbin/init-ltsp nomodeset quiet splash **single** plymouth:force-splash vt.handoff=7 nbdroot=:ltsp_i386 This kind of works! I see the boot progress to the point where it asks me to either enter the root password or Ctrl+D to bypass. However, the boot process just seems to continue without providing an chance to do either.

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• lsusb - where device description comes from

  - by tommyk

  For one of my attached USB devices (2773:0104) I see no description in lsusb command output: user@Thinkpad-Laptop:~/binaries$ lsusb Bus 008 Device 002: ID 0a5c:217f Broadcom Corp. Bus 008 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0001 Linux Foundation 1.1 root hub Bus 007 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0001 Linux Foundation 1.1 root hub Bus 002 Device 036: ID 2773:0104 Where USB description is comming from, is it from device driver or is it stored in the hardware itself ?

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• Issues with LVM partition size in Server 13.04

  - by Michael

  I am new to ubuntu and a little confused about how hard drive partitions and LVM works. I remember setting up Ubuntu server 13.04 and telling to to use 1TB of a 3TB server. Well I have maxed that out with blu-ray rips and want the rest of the drive for space. On log-in it says: System load: 2.24 Processes: 179 Usage of /: 88.7% of 912.89GB Users logged in: 0 Memory usage: 6% IP address for p5p1: 192.168.0.100 Swap usage: 0% => / is using 88.7% of 912.89GB lvdisplay outputs: --- Logical volume --- LV Path /dev/DeathStar-vg/root LV Name root VG Name DeathStar-vg LV Write Access read/write LV Creation host, time DeathStar, 2013-05-18 22:21:11 -0400 LV Status available # open 1 LV Size 2.70 TiB Current LE 707789 Segments 2 Allocation inherit Read ahead sectors auto - currently set to 256 Block device 252:0 --- Logical volume --- LV Path /dev/DeathStar-vg/swap_1 LV Name swap_1 VG Name DeathStar-vg LV Write Access read/write LV Creation host, time DeathStar, 2013-05-18 22:21:11 -0400 LV Status available # open 2 LV Size 3.75 GiB Current LE 959 Segments 1 Allocation inherit Read ahead sectors auto - currently set to 256 Block device 252:1 vgdisplay outputs: VG Name DeathStar-vg System ID Format lvm2 Metadata Areas 1 Metadata Sequence No 4 VG Access read/write VG Status resizable MAX LV 0 Cur LV 2 Open LV 2 Max PV 0 Cur PV 1 Act PV 1 VG Size 2.73 TiB PE Size 4.00 MiB Total PE 715335 Alloc PE / Size 708748 / 2.70 TiB Free PE / Size 6587 / 25.73 GiB df outputs: Filesystem 1K-blocks Used Available Use% Mounted on /dev/mapper/DeathStar--vg-root 957238932 848972636 59634696 94% / none 4 0 4 0% /sys/fs/cgroup udev 1864716 4 1864712 1% /dev tmpfs 374968 1060 373908 1% /run none 5120 4 5116 1% /run/lock none 1874824 148 1874676 1% /run/shm none 102400 24 102376 1% /run/user /dev/sda2 234153 56477 165184 26% /boot And fdisk /dev/sda -l outputs: Disk /dev/sda: 3000.6 GB, 3000592982016 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 364801 cylinders, total 5860533168 sectors Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 4096 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 4096 bytes / 4096 bytes Disk identifier: 0x00000000 Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sda1 1 4294967295 2147483647+ ee GPT Partition 1 does not start on physical sector boundary. I just don't know what to make of all this and am not sure how I can make it use all 2.73TBs. Thanks in advance for any help. EDIT-- Yes I did make changes to the LVM Config, but it didnt do anything. As requested, output of parted -l /dev/sda Model: ATA WDC WD30EFRX-68A (scsi) Disk /dev/sda: 3001GB Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/4096B Partition Table: gpt Number Start End Size File system Name Flags 1 1049kB 2097kB 1049kB bios_grub 2 2097kB 258MB 256MB ext2 3 258MB 3001GB 3000GB lvm Model: ATA WDC WD30EFRX-68A (scsi) Disk /dev/sdb: 3001GB Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/4096B Partition Table: msdos Number Start End Size Type File system Flags Model: Linux device-mapper (linear) (dm) Disk /dev/mapper/DeathStar--vg-swap_1: 4022MB Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/4096B Partition Table: loop Number Start End Size File system Flags 1 0.00B 4022MB 4022MB linux-swap(v1) Model: Linux device-mapper (linear) (dm) Disk /dev/mapper/DeathStar--vg-root: 2969GB Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/4096B Partition Table: loop Number Start End Size File system Flags 1 0.00B 2969GB 2969GB ext4

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• Deny access to a folder on hosting server but serve the pages

  - by Sourav

  My hosting server allows to host multiple websites. The directory structure is like this root |_ www.a.com |_ www.b.com |_ www.c.com |_ www.d.com I want to put some PHP files on the www.d.com folder so if some one browse the site from web-browser can get it, but no one can get it's source code [even by loggin in to the root folder]. Is there any way to doing so ? There is a feature called Password protect folder or so, can in help in this case ?

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• Fingerprint driver issue hp Pavillion dm4

  - by user108226

  I need a fingerprint scan driver for Pavilion dm4 Bus 001 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0002 Linux Foundation 2.0 root hub Bus 002 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0002 Linux Foundation 2.0 root hub Bus 001 Device 002: ID 8087:0024 Intel Corp. Integrated Rate Matching Hub Bus 002 Device 002: ID 8087:0024 Intel Corp. Integrated Rate Matching Hub Bus 001 Device 003: ID 0a5c:21e3 Broadcom Corp. Bus 001 Device 004: ID 138a:0018 Validity Sensors, Inc. Bus 002 Device 003: ID 10f1:1a2e Importek

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• What's the best/most efficent way to create a semi-intelligent AI for a tic tac toe game?

  - by Link

  basically I am attempting to make a a efficient/smallish C game of Tic-Tac-Toe. I have implemented everything other then the AI for the computer so far. my squares are basically structs in an array with an assigned value based on the square. For example s[1].value = 1; therefore it's a x, and then a value of 3 would be a o. My question is whats the best way to create a semi-decent game playing AI for my tic-tac-toe game? I don't really want to use minimax, since It's not what I need. So how do I avoid a a lot of if statments and make it more efficient. Here is the rest of my code: #include <stdio.h> #include <stdlib.h> #include <string.h> #include <time.h> struct state{ // defined int state; // 0 is tie, 1 is user loss, 2 is user win, 3 is ongoing game int moves; }; struct square{ // one square of the board int value; // 1 is x, 3 is o char sign; // no space used }; struct square s[9]; //set up the struct struct state gamestate = {0,0}; //nothing void setUpGame(){ // setup the game int i = 0; for(i = 0; i < 9; i++){ s[i].value = 0; s[i].sign = ' '; } gamestate.moves=0; printf("\nHi user! You're \"x\"! I'm \"o\"! Good Luck :)\n"); } void displayBoard(){// displays the game board printf("\n %c | %c | %c\n", s[6].sign, s[7].sign, s[8].sign); printf("-----------\n"); printf(" %c | %c | %c\n", s[3].sign, s[4].sign, s[5].sign); printf("-----------\n"); printf(" %c | %c | %c\n\n", s[0].sign, s[1].sign, s[2].sign); } void getHumanMove(){ // get move from human int i; while(1){ printf(">>:"); char line[255]; // input the move to play fgets(line, sizeof(line), stdin); while(sscanf(line, "%d", &i) != 1) { //1 match of defined specifier on input line printf("Sorry, that's not a valid move!\n"); fgets(line, sizeof(line), stdin); } if(s[i-1].value != 0){printf("Sorry, That moves already been taken!\n\n");continue;} break; } s[i-1].value = 1; s[i-1].sign = 'x'; gamestate.moves++; } int sum(int x, int y, int z){return(x*y*z);} void getCompMove(){ // get the move from the computer } void checkWinner(){ // check the winner int i; for(i = 6; i < 9; i++){ // check cols if((sum(s[i].value,s[i-3].value,s[i-6].value)) == 8){printf("The Winner is o!\n");gamestate.state=1;} if((sum(s[i].value,s[i-3].value,s[i-6].value)) == 1){printf("The Winner is x!\n");gamestate.state=2;} } for(i = 0; i < 7; i+=3){ // check rows if((sum(s[i].value,s[i+1].value,s[i+2].value)) == 8){printf("The Winner is o!\n");gamestate.state=1;} if((sum(s[i].value,s[i+1].value,s[i+2].value)) == 1){printf("The Winner is x!\n");gamestate.state=2;} } if((sum(s[0].value,s[4].value,s[8].value)) == 8){printf("The Winner is o!\n");gamestate.state=1;} if((sum(s[0].value,s[4].value,s[8].value)) == 1){printf("The Winner is x!\n");gamestate.state=2;} if((sum(s[2].value,s[4].value,s[6].value)) == 8){printf("The Winner is o!\n");gamestate.state=1;} if((sum(s[2].value,s[4].value,s[6].value)) == 1){printf("The Winner is x!\n");gamestate.state=2;} } void playGame(){ // start playing the game gamestate.state = 3; //set-up the gamestate srand(time(NULL)); int temp = (rand()%2) + 1; if(temp == 2){ // if two comp goes first temp = (rand()%2) + 1; if(temp == 2){ s[4].value = 2; s[4].sign = 'o'; gamestate.moves++; }else{ s[2].value = 2; s[2].sign = 'o'; gamestate.moves++; } } displayBoard(); while(gamestate.state == 3){ if(gamestate.moves<10); getHumanMove(); if(gamestate.moves<10); getCompMove(); checkWinner(); if(gamestate.state == 3 && gamestate.moves==9){ printf("The game is a tie :p\n"); break; } displayBoard(); } } int main(int argc, const char *argv[]){ printf("Welcome to Tic Tac Toe\nby The Elite Noob\nEnter 1-9 To play a move, standard numpad\n1 is bottom-left, 9 is top-right\n"); while(1){ // while game is being played printf("\nPress 1 to play a new game, or any other number to exit;\n>>:"); char line[255]; // input whether or not to play the game fgets(line, sizeof(line), stdin); int choice; // user's choice about playing or not while(sscanf(line, "%d", &choice) != 1) { //1 match of defined specifier on input line printf("Sorry, that's not a valid option!\n"); fgets(line, sizeof(line), stdin); } if(choice == 1){ setUpGame(); // set's up the game playGame(); // Play a Game }else {break;} // exit the application } printf("\nThank's For playing!\nHave a good Day!\n"); return 0; }

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