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• SQL cluster instance names for large project

  - by Sam

  We're setting up two clusters. One dev and one prod. The Production will host two SQL instances - a OLTP and a DW. The development will host 4 OLTP non-production environments and at least one DW non-production. We're working on getting more DW non-prods and possibly more OLTP systems. I'm considering a naming scheme like this, where PROJ would be 3 initials for the project name. Dev Cluster MSSQLPROJD1\D1 (DEV) MSSQLPROJD2\D2 (TEST) MSSQLPROJD3\D3 (QA) MSSQLPROJD4\D4 (STAGE) MSSQLPROJD5\D5 (DW) Prd Cluster MSSQLPROJP1\P1 (PRD) MSSQLPROJP2\P2 (DW) To the left of the slash, each name must be unique network wide. On each server, the instance name, to the right of the slash, must be unique. Any thoughts on this? I'm trying to avoid having instance names drifting from reality as the project progresses - say we change what we call a certain environment or want to repurpose one. Then we can update a listing of the purposes for the instances and be done with it. How has a scheme like this worked out for you? Maybe you do things another way in your shop - tell me about it. Thanks.

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• if the file changes send email about diff

  - by user62367

  I have 2 script. Script "A", Script "B". Script A is regulary watching the dhcpacks [dhcp release is configured to 2mins] in the logs, for the past 2 minutes. It writes the MAC addresses to a file [/dev/shm/dhcpacks-in-last-2min.txt] every 2 minutes. Ok, this is working, active clients are in this file. Super! Script B: On pastebin I'm trying to create a script, that watches the changes in /dev/shm/dhcpacks-in-last-2min.txt file ( every 1 sec). Ok. But: my watcher script [the pastebined][1] is not working fine - sometime it works, sometime it sends that someoneXY logged out`, but it's not true! Nothing happened, and the problem is not in the Script A. Can someone help me point out, what am I missing? How can I watch a file (in every sec), that contains only MAC addresses, and if someone doesn't get dhcpack in 2 minutes, the file /dev/shm/dhcpacks-in-last-2min.txt changes, and that clients MAC address will be gone from it, and i need to know, who was it [pastebined my script - but somethings wrong with it]. Thank you for any help..I've been pathing my script for days now.. :\

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• Understanding tcptraceroute versus http response

  - by kojiro

  I'm debugging a web server that has a very high wait time before responding. The server itself is quite fast and has no load, so I strongly suspect a network problem. Basically, I make a web request: wget -O/dev/null http://hostname/ --2013-10-18 11:03:08-- http://hostname/ Resolving hostname... 10.9.211.129 Connecting to hostname|10.9.211.129|:80... connected. HTTP request sent, awaiting response... 200 OK Length: unspecified [text/html] Saving to: ‘/dev/null’ 2013-10-18 11:04:11 (88.0 KB/s) - ‘/dev/null’ saved [13641] So you see it took about a minute to give me the page, but it does give it to me with a 200 response. So I try a tcptraceroute to see what's up: $ sudo tcptraceroute hostname 80 Password: Selected device en2, address 192.168.113.74, port 54699 for outgoing packets Tracing the path to hostname (10.9.211.129) on TCP port 80 (http), 30 hops max 1 192.168.113.1 0.842 ms 2.216 ms 2.130 ms 2 10.141.12.77 0.707 ms 0.767 ms 0.738 ms 3 10.141.12.33 1.227 ms 1.012 ms 1.120 ms 4 10.141.3.107 0.372 ms 0.305 ms 0.368 ms 5 12.112.4.41 6.688 ms 6.514 ms 6.467 ms 6 cr84.phlpa.ip.att.net (12.122.107.214) 19.892 ms 18.814 ms 15.804 ms 7 cr2.phlpa.ip.att.net (12.122.107.117) 17.554 ms 15.693 ms 16.122 ms 8 cr1.wswdc.ip.att.net (12.122.4.54) 15.838 ms 15.353 ms 15.511 ms 9 cr83.wswdc.ip.att.net (12.123.10.110) 17.451 ms 15.183 ms 16.198 ms 10 12.84.5.93 9.982 ms 9.817 ms 9.784 ms 11 12.84.5.94 14.587 ms 14.301 ms 14.238 ms 12 10.141.3.209 13.870 ms 13.845 ms 13.696 ms 13 * * * … 30 * * * I tried it again with 100 hops, just to be sure – the packets never get there. So how is it that the server does respond to requests via http, even after a minute? Shouldn't all requests just die? I'm not sure how to proceed debugging why this server is slow (as opposed to why it responds at all).

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• Disable RAID to JBOD in server IBM x3400 M2

  - by BanKtsu

  Hi I just wanna disable the default RAID in my server IBM System X3400 M2 Server(7837-24X),i have 3 disk drives SAS. I want to make them a JBOD "Just a Bunch Of Disks", because I want to install in the drive 0 CentOS, and the other two make them cache files for a squid server. I disable the RAID in the BIOS: System Settings/Adapters and UEFI drivers/LSI Logic Fusion MPT SAS Driver -PciRoot(0x0)/Pci(0x3,0X0)/Pci(0x0,0x0) LSI Logic MPT Setup Utility RAID Properties/Delete Array Later I boot the CentOS live CD and install the OS in the drive 0, and the others 2 mounted like this: *LVM Volume Groups vg_proxyserver 139508 lv_root 51200 / ext4 lv_home 84276 /home ext4 lv_swap 4032 Hard Drive sdb(/dev/sdb) free 140011 sdc(/dev/sdc) free 140011 sdd(/dev/sdd) sdd1 500 /boot ext4 sdd2 139512 vg_proxyserver physical volume(LVM) But when I restart the server give me the error: Boot failed Hard Disk 0 UEFI PXE PciRoot(0x0)/Pci(0x1,0X0)/Pci(0x0,0x0)/MAC(001A64B15130,0X0)) ........PXE-E18:Server response timeout. UEFI PXE PciRoot(0x0)/Pci(0x1,0X0)/Pci(0x0,0x0)/MAC(001A64B15132,0X0)) ........PXE-E18:Server response timeout. and the OS not start. The IBM force me to do a RAID?,why?

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• Recovering a mdadm+lvm+ext4 partition with read error

  - by bitwelder

  One of disks in my NAS has failed. The NAS is running Linux, and it uses mdadm + LVM technology for its filesystems. I do have backup for most of the contents, but not for the very last changes, and if possible, I'd like to recover that from this failing disk. The disk (a 'green drive' WD10EARS 1TB in size) throws this kind of errors: Oct 3 12:00:41 kernel: [ 3625.620000] ata5.00: read unc at 9453282 Oct 3 12:00:41 kernel: [ 3625.620000] lba 9453282 start 9453280 end 1953511007 Oct 3 12:00:41 kernel: [ 3625.620000] sde5 auto_remap 0 Oct 3 12:00:41 kernel: [ 3625.630000] ata5.00: exception Emask 0x0 SAct 0x1 SErr 0x0 action 0x6 Oct 3 12:00:41 kernel: [ 3625.630000] ata5.00: edma_err_cause=00000084 pp_flags=00000003, dev error, EDMA self-disable Oct 3 12:00:41 kernel: [ 3625.640000] ata5.00: failed command: READ FPDMA QUEUED Oct 3 12:00:41 kernel: [ 3625.650000] ata5.00: cmd 60/40:00:e0:3e:90/00:00:00:00:00/40 tag 0 ncq 32768 in Oct 3 12:00:41 kernel: [ 3625.650000] res 41/40:00:e2:3e:90/12:00:00:00:00/40 Emask 0x409 (media error) <F> Oct 3 12:00:41 kernel: [ 3625.660000] ata5.00: status: { DRDY ERR } However, while testing with 'dd', I noticed that if I skip the first 4kB, the read seems to be ok, i.e. a command like. dd if=/dev/sde5 of=dev/null bs=4k count=1000 skip=1 doesn't return any read error. Supposing that there is no other read failure in the rest of the disk, would I be able to recover this 900 GB partition (as I mentioned before, it's a 'linux raid autodetect' partition, that contains a a LVM2 volume that contains a ext4 filesystem) if I copy-clone the partition somewhere else, but the first 4kB?

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• Route all wlan0 traffic over tun0

  - by Tuinslak

  I'm looking for a way to route all wlan0 traffic (tcp and udp) over tun0 (openvpn). However, all other traffic originating from the device itself should not be routed through tun0. I'm guessing this could be realized using iptables or route, but none of my options seem to work. # route add -net 0.0.0.0 gw 172.27.0.1 dev wlan0 SIOCADDRT: No such process Info: This is because the VPN server is not redundant, and wlan users are not really important. However, all services running on the device are fairly important and having a VPN virtual machine with no SLA on it is just a bad idea. Trying to minimize the odds of something going wrong. So setting the VPN server as default gateway is not really an option. I also want all wlan0 user to use the VPN server's IP address as external IP. Edit with the script provided: root@ft-genesi-xxx ~ # route -n Kernel IP routing table Destination Gateway Genmask Flags Metric Ref Use Iface 172.27.0.17 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.255 UH 0 0 0 tun0 192.168.1.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 U 0 0 0 eth0 10.13.37.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 U 0 0 0 wlan0 172.27.0.0 172.27.0.17 255.255.192.0 UG 0 0 0 tun0 0.0.0.0 192.168.1.1 0.0.0.0 UG 0 0 0 eth0 root@ft-genesi-xxx ~ # ./test.sh RTNETLINK answers: No such process root@ft-genesi-xxx ~ # cat test.sh #!/bin/sh IP=/sbin/ip # replace with the range of your wlan network, or use fwmark instead ${IP} rule add from 10.13.37.0/24 table from-wlan ${IP} route add default dev tun0 via 127.72.0.1 table from-wlan ${IP} route add 10.13.37.0/24 dev wlan0 table from-wlan

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• Hard Disk Not Counting Reallocated Sectors

  - by MetaNova

  I have a drive that is reporting that the current pending sectors is "45". I have used badblocks to identify the sectors and I have been trying to write zeros to them with dd. From what I understand, when I attempt writing data directly to the bad sectors, it should trigger a reallocation, reducing current pending sectors by one and increasing the reallocated sector count. However, on this disk both Reallocated_Sector_Ct and Reallocated_Event_Count raw values are 0, and dd fails with I/O errors when I attempt to write zeros to the bad sectors. dd works fine, however, when I write to a good sector. # dd if=/dev/zero of=/dev/sdb bs=512 count=1 seek=217152 dd: error writing ‘/dev/sdb’: Input/output error Does this mean that my drive, in some way, has no spare sectors to be used for reallocation? Is my drive just in general a terrible person? (The drive isn't actually mine, I'm helping a friend out. They might have just gotten a cheap drive or something.) In case it is relevant, here is the output of smartctl -i : Model Family: Western Digital Caviar Green (AF) Device Model: WDC WD15EARS-00Z5B1 Serial Number: WD-WMAVU3027748 LU WWN Device Id: 5 0014ee 25998d213 Firmware Version: 80.00A80 User Capacity: 1,500,301,910,016 bytes [1.50 TB] Sector Size: 512 bytes logical/physical Device is: In smartctl database [for details use: -P show] ATA Version is: ATA8-ACS (minor revision not indicated) SATA Version is: SATA 2.6, 3.0 Gb/s Local Time is: Fri Oct 18 17:47:29 2013 CDT SMART support is: Available - device has SMART capability. SMART support is: Enabled UPDATE: I have run shred on the disk, which has caused Current_Pending_Sector to go to zero. However, Reallocated_Sector_Ct and Reallocated_Event_Count are still zero, and dd is now able to write data to the sectors it was previously unable to. This leads me with several other questions: Why aren't the reallocations being recored by the disk? I'm assuming the reallocation took place as I can now write data directly to the sector and couldn't before. Why did shred cause reallocation and not dd? Does the fact that shred writes random data instead of just zeros make a difference?

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• How to diagnose storage system scaling problems?

  - by Unknown

  We are currently testing the maximum sequential read throughput of a storage system (48 disks total behind two HP P2000 arrays) connected to HP DL580 G7 running RHEL 5 with 128 GB of memory. Initial testing has been mainly done by running DD-commands like this: dd if=/dev/mapper/mpath1 of=/dev/null bs=1M count=3000 In parallel for each disk. However, we have been unable to scale the results from one array (maximum throughput of 1.3 GB/s) to two (almost the same throughput). Each array is connected to a dedicated host bust adapter, so they should not be the bottleneck. The disks are currently in JBOD configuration, so each disk can be addressed directly. I have two questions: Is running multiple DD commands in parallel really a good way to test maximum read throughput? We have noticed very high SWAPIN-% numbers in iotop, which I find hard to explain because the target is /dev/null How shoud we proceed in trying to find the reason for the scaling problem? Do you thing the server itself is the bottleneck here, or could there be some linux parameters that we have overlooked?

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• Grub error 18, gparted not showing anything

  - by Montecristo

  Some week ago I started having some problems with my pc, sometimes it just freezed not allowing me to do anything. I had to turn it off and on and sometimes do it a couple of time even at startup. Now it does not start at all, grub is giving me error 18. I have found that a solution is to create a bootable partition in the first sector of the disk. gparted does not recognize any partition, the window in which there would be my partitions is empty. sudo fdisk -l does not output anything. If I type sudo mount /dev/sda and then tab tab to autocomplete these are the devices coming out: sda sda1 sda2 sda5. If I launch sudo mount -t ext3 /dev/sda1 disk I get the following error: mount: wrong fs type, bad option, bad superblock on /dev/sda1, missing codepage or helper program, or other error In some cases useful info is found in syslog - try dmesg | tail or so dmesg outputs [ 1831.974847] EXT3-fs: unable to read superblock Do you know how to solve this issue? I'm not completely sure this is a software problem, should I try with a new hard disk?

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• how can i move ext3 partition to the beginning of drive without losing data?

  - by Felipe Alvarez

  I have a 500GB external drive. It had two partitions, each around 250GB. I removed the first partition. I'd like to move the 2nd to the left, so it consumes 100% of the drive. How can this be accomplished without any GUI tools (CLI only)? fdisk Disk /dev/sdd: 500.1 GB, 500107862016 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 60801 cylinders Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes Disk identifier: 0xc80b1f3d Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sdd2 29374 60801 252445410 83 Linux parted Model: ST350032 0AS (scsi) Disk /dev/sdd: 500GB Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/512B Partition Table: msdos Number Start End Size Type File system Flags 2 242GB 500GB 259GB primary ext3 type=83 dumpe2fs Filesystem volume name: extstar Last mounted on: <not available> Filesystem UUID: f0b1d2bc-08b8-4f6e-b1c6-c529024a777d Filesystem magic number: 0xEF53 Filesystem revision #: 1 (dynamic) Filesystem features: has_journal dir_index filetype needs_recovery sparse_super large_file Filesystem flags: signed_directory_hash Default mount options: (none) Filesystem state: clean Errors behavior: Continue Filesystem OS type: Linux Inode count: 15808608 Block count: 63111168 Reserved block count: 0 Free blocks: 2449985 Free inodes: 15799302 First block: 0 Block size: 4096 Fragment size: 4096 Blocks per group: 32768 Fragments per group: 32768 Inodes per group: 8208 Inode blocks per group: 513 Filesystem created: Mon Feb 15 08:07:01 2010 Last mount time: Fri May 21 19:31:30 2010 Last write time: Fri May 21 19:31:30 2010 Mount count: 5 Maximum mount count: 29 Last checked: Mon May 17 14:52:47 2010 Check interval: 15552000 (6 months) Next check after: Sat Nov 13 14:52:47 2010 Reserved blocks uid: 0 (user root) Reserved blocks gid: 0 (group root) First inode: 11 Inode size: 256 Required extra isize: 28 Desired extra isize: 28 Journal inode: 8 Default directory hash: half_md4 Directory Hash Seed: d0363517-c095-4f53-baa7-7428c02fbfc6 Journal backup: inode blocks Journal size: 128M

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• Symbolic link modification for HP unix

  - by kalpesh

  Hi David Zaslavsky, Recently i was working on modifying the Symbolic links ... for a particular files.. while searching on internet i saw your post ... I am trying to use this script which you had posted .. find /home/user/public_html/qa/ -type l \ -lname '/home/user/public_html/dev/*' -printf \ 'ln -nsf $(readlink %p|sed s/dev/qa/) $(echo %p|sed s/dev/qa/)\n'\ script.sh SO i tried to modify your script for my problem .. in Hp unix env.. but it seems that the -lname command does not works for HP unix. do you know something equivalent that i can use ... Just to give you and idea of my problem ... I want to change all the symbolic links inside a particular folder .. New Symbolic link -- /base/testusr/scripts Old Symbolic link -- /base/produsr/scripts Now folder "A" contains more than 100 different files having soft links which points to this path -- /base/produsr/scripts But what I want is that the files inside folder A to point to this soft link --/base/testusr/scripts I am trying to achieve in Hp unix ... would really appreciate your help on this ...

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• Is there a command to change primary group for a new user in Cygwin?

  - by Rob Gilliam

  Is there a way to set a (new) user's primary group in Cygwin's /etc/passwd file without hand-editing the file? I have a local group set up for members of the Dev Team on a Windows Server 2008 R2 box so that we can all modify a particular group files, but the regular users can only read them. As some of the work we do uses scripts that rely on Cygwin tools, this group is also in the /etc/group file. When I need to add a new user to the "Dev Team" group, I add them in Server Manager, and then use mkpasswd to add that user to Cygwin's /etc/passwd file. Unfortunately, they get the regular Domain Users group assigned as their primary group and I then have to go in and edit the passwd file to change the group. I now need to write some instructions for someone else who is not au fait with UNIX/Linux/Cygwin so that they can set up new Dev Team users and obviously "hand editing" /etc/passwd is a recipe for disaster if you don't know what you're doing. So, is there a way of getting mkpasswd to set a different primary group, or another tool like Linux's usermod which can be used for the purpose of changing the group in a more controlled manner?

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• GRUB having problems with my sda1 UUID

  - by Igoru

  I was having trouble trying to setup triple boot on my computer... (Take a look at this thread if you think it would help). I ended up by having a GRUB menu that has Ubuntu entries and "Windows" entry, that calls an EasyBCD menu to choose between Windows 7 and XP. Everything would be fine if, only if, GRUB was set up correctly. I can't find why, but it throws me this when I try to open Ubuntu: I've already tried to remove the menu.lst and do a grub-update, and a grub-install too. I tried to create a symlink to /dev/sda1 at /dev/disk/by-uuid/<<uuid that is there>>, just like the other UUIDs that were there... But I couldn't find that symlink at that busybox that opened when it thrown me the error. Any ideas? [UPDATE] This is the GRUB entry with problems: title Ubuntu 9.04, kernel 2.6.28-15-generic uuid b1ed36e5-4d84-4eb8-86ef-6f1135ffc238 kernel /boot/vmlinuz-2.6.28-15-generic root=UUID=b1ed36e5-4d84-4eb8-86ef-6f1135ffc238 ro quiet splash initrd /boot/initrd.img-2.6.28-15-generic quiet And this my /dev/disk/by-uuid folder: 04DCBCFBDCBCE856 - ../../sdb1 (NTFS backup disk) 4434E77734E769FE - ../../sda4 (NTFS WinXP) ACB09F0DB09EDCE0 - ../../sda2 (NTFS Win7) b5311be8-a853-4fdd-aed5-d65974b3c0c4 - ../../sda5 (EXT4 home) C04B-4D97 - ../../sdc (FAT32 live-pendrive from which i'm running) D28447F68447DB9B - ../../sda6 (NTFS files partition) e0e88f38-d815-423a-9d5e-64b9c74a8b92 - ../../sda7 (swap)

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• Update Grub on Squeeze - Kernel downgrade due VMware Server

  - by vodoo_boot

  I happen to run into various problems regarding grub and kernels. I don't really care about the kernel internas. All I want is VMware server in that dedicated root-server. 1.) What is a bzImage vs. vmlinuz? kaze:~# ls /boot/ System.map-2.6.32-5-amd64 bzImage-2.6.33.2 config-2.6.33.2 initrd.img-2.6.32-5-amd64 System.map-2.6.33.2 bzImage-2.6.35.6 config-2.6.35.6 vmlinuz-2.6.32-5-amd64 System.map-2.6.35.6 config-2.6.32-5-amd64 grub I updated my menu.lst (grub2): timeout 5 default 0 fallback 1 title 2.6.32.5 kernel (hd0,1)/boot/vmlinuz-2.6.32-5-amd64 root=/dev/sda2 panic=60 noapic acpi=off title 2.6.35.6 kernel (hd0,1)/boot//bzImage-2.6.35.6 root=/dev/sda2 panic=60 noapic acpi=off title 2.6.32.3 kernel (hd0,1)/boot//bzImage-2.6.33.2 root=/dev/sda2 panic=60 noapic acpi=off That doesn't do well... I think the vmlinuz file is missing initrd or so. Dunno. In fact I don't give too much about kernel boot voodoo as long as it works. update-grub(2) does not work. Does anybody know what magical trick there is to get the 2.6.32-5 booting? 2.) I thought t follow the Deban wiki.. I cannot get header-files for the installed 35.6 or 33.2 kernel in the repositories. I cannot build foreign headers because they will not match the running kernel. So how does one deal with that situtation? I'd prefer not to have to downgrade the kernel. Thanks for any answers!

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• grub refuses to install to raid array

  - by ronno

  I have a software raid 0 setup with dual booting Windows 7 and Ubuntu 12.04. The GRUB bootloader that is already on the hard drive seems to work fine. However, since the latest package update for grub, it refuses to install the new version to the hard disk. grub-install throws the following error: /usr/sbin/grub-probe: error: cannot find a GRUB drive for /dev/mapper/< raid name_RAID0p9. Check your device.map. Auto-detection of a filesystem of /dev/mapper/< raid name_RAID0p9 failed. Try with --recheck. If the problem persists please report this together with the output of "/usr/sbin/grub-probe --device-map="/boot/grub/device.map" --target=fs -v /boot/grub" to < [email protected] update-grub pops the same "/usr/sbin/grub-probe: error: cannot find a GRUB drive for /dev/mapper/< raid name_RAID0p9. Check your device.map." every alternate line. I don't understand what exactly is going on. I'm afraid to reinstall the grub package because it might mess up the boot, which currently works fine. Is it safe to just ignore this?

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• Website hosted on my virtualbox web server not displaying images or applying css when viewed through phone

  - by WebweaverD

  I would really appreciate it if someone could help me. Please let me know if you need more info in the comments. My Set Up I have a windows 7 pc. On it I run a virtual box VM with a ubuntu 12 guest os and LAMP setup. I share files between the two machines using samba from linux to windows and using windows file sharing (Workgroup) the other way round. The vm is set up with a bridged network adapter and can happily serve web pages to my host machine. I use DHCP reservations on my home wireless router/modem to reserve an ip for the vm and give it a sitename.dev in my windows host file so I can access it at sitename.dev through the browser. The Problem So far so good but I have a dev project which needs a lot of mobile template development, now obviously I can use a browser plugin to simulate a mobile device but I would like to be able to see the real thing easily on my phone during development. So ideally I would like a similar setup on my iphone to my windows setup Now I'm not great on networking and dont have much experience with web server set up. So when I typed the ip of my virtual box into my iphone i wasnt expecting to see anything. I was pleasantly surprised when my site loaded up. The javascript even seems to be running but the images and css are not happening. My Question 1) What is happening here, is it something to do with the bridged set up on the vm network? 2)How do I make the sites load properly through my phone Notes I've also tried another phone. The same sites viewed on live servers work fine.

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• SSH not working through Double NAT

  - by d_inevitable

  I am trying to setup port forwarding for ssh through 2 NATs The first Router translates my internet IP to my outer network (10.1.7.0). In the outer network there's a second Router that does NAT to my inner network (192.168.1.0). The target server is connected to both, the outer network and the inner network. I cannot change the port forwarding options for outer router. It is currently configured to forward the SSH and HTTP port to the router for the inner network. Internet + | v +-----------------+ +------------------+ | Outer Router | | Inner Router | |-----------------| |------------------| | | SSH HTTP | | +----+ +--------------------->| | | | | | | | | | | | | +-------+---------+ +------+---------+-+ | | | | | | | | | | | | | | +------------------+ | SSH | | | | Server | | | | | |------------------| | | | +-----------> |<-------+ | | | | |HTTP (testing) | +------------------+ | | | +------v------------------+ | | Outer Workstation | +-------------------+ | |-------------------------| | Inner Workstation| | | | |-------------------| | | | | |<----------------+ +-------------------------+ | | +-------------------+ When connecting from a outer workstation to the address of the inner router, then both SSH and HTTP work fine. When connecting from the internet to my public ip with HTTP, the connection works fine as well. However SSH just times out. Most likely because the reply is not routed back properly. I suspect its either because of the SSH itself, or because the server is connected to both, the inner and outer network. Any ideas how I could resolve this issue? The routes on the server are currently: ip route show default via 10.1.7.254 dev eth0 metric 100 10.1.7.0/24 dev eth0 proto kernel scope link src 10.1.7.1 192.168.1.0/24 dev eth1 proto kernel scope link src 192.168.1.2 Do I have to change this? If so how?

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• disk space keeps filling up on EC2 instance with no apperent files/directories

  - by sasher

  How come os shows 6.5G used but I see only 3.6G in files/directories? Running as root on an Amazon Linux AMI (seems like Centos), lots of free memory available, no swapping going on, no apparent file descriptors issue. The only thing I can think of is a log file that was deleted while applications append to it. Disk space usage is slowly but continuously rising towards full capacity (~1k/min with very small decreases from time to time) Any explanation? Solution? du --max-depth=1 -h / 1.2G /usr 4.0K /cgroup 22M /lib64 11M /sbin 19M /etc 52K /dev 2.1G /var 4.0K /media 0 /sys 4.0K /selinux du: cannot access /proc/14024/task/14024/fd/4': No such file or directory du: cannot access<br/> /proc/14024/task/14024/fdinfo/4': No such file or directory du: cannot access /proc/14024/fd/4': No such file or directory du: cannot<br/> access/proc/14024/fdinfo/4': No such file or directory 0 /proc 18M /home 4.0K /logs 8.1M /bin 16K /lost+found 12M /tmp 4.0K /srv 35M /boot 79M /lib 56K /root 67M /opt 4.0K /local 4.0K /mnt 3.6G / df -h Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on /dev/xvda1 7.9G 6.5G 1.4G 84% / tmpfs 3.7G 0 3.7G 0% /dev/shm sysctl fs.file-nr fs.file-nr = 864 0 761182

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• how to get ip address of a PPP(Point-to-Point Protocol) network interface?

  - by Xsmael

  I have a Linux machine with two network interfaces, and I'd like to get the IP address of the PPP interface w1g1 but it doesn't show up in ifconfig. There is a public IP on the PPP interface, but there is no internet connection, I'm trying to troubleshoot but I need to get the IP address of the interface and I can't. ifconfig : eth0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:30:48:8D:F0:2C inet addr:192.168.2.254 Bcast:192.168.2.255 Mask:255.255.255.0 inet6 addr: fe80::230:48ff:fe8d:f02c/64 Scope:Link UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1 RX packets:9970 errors:0 dropped:567 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:4338 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:100 RX bytes:1441024 (1.3 MiB) TX bytes:915814 (894.3 KiB) lo Link encap:Local Loopback inet addr:127.0.0.1 Mask:255.0.0.0 inet6 addr: ::1/128 Scope:Host UP LOOPBACK RUNNING MTU:16436 Metric:1 RX packets:675 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:675 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:0 RX bytes:50659 (49.4 KiB) TX bytes:50659 (49.4 KiB) w1g1 Link encap:Point-to-Point Protocol UP POINTOPOINT RUNNING NOARP MTU:240 Metric:1 RX packets:748994 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:748992 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:3 collisions:0 txqueuelen:100 RX bytes:179758560 (171.4 MiB) TX bytes:179758080 (171.4 MiB) Interrupt:177 Memory:f881c400-f881e3ff w1g1 is connected to a modem by an RJ45<-Serial cable and the modem is connected to the phone line. The modem is a NOKIA DNT2Mi you can see it here Routing table : 192.168.2.0/24 dev eth0 proto kernel scope link src 192.168.2.254 169.254.0.0/16 dev eth0 scope link default via 192.168.2.180 dev eth0

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• Why is REMOTE_ADDR only sometimes available as an Apache environment variable?

  - by Xiong Chiamiov

  To avoid having to parse X-Forwarded-For in Varnish, I'm trying to just set a header on the SSL terminator (currently Apache) that stores the direct client IP in a header. On our development machine, this works: RequestHeader set X-Foo %{REMOTE_ADDR}e However, in staging it doesn't. Specifically, the header is empty, as illustrated by both varnishlog: 13 TxHeader b X-Foo: (null) (On the development machine, this shows the IP address as expected.) Similarly, logging REMOTE_ADDR shows that it only appears to be populated on the dev machine: # Config LogFormat "%{X-Forwarded-For}i %{REMOTE_ADDR}e" combined CustomLog "/var/log/httpd/access_log" combined # Log file, staging <my ip> - # Log file, development <my ip> <my ip> Since the dev machine is, well, a dev machine, it is different in a number of ways; however, I can't track down which difference is causing this. The versions of Apache are the same (2.2.22), and I don't see anything relevant in any of the standard config files or /etc/sysconfig/httpd. And the rest of the system is reasonably similar, since they're built off the same CentOS 5 base image. I can't even tell from the Apache documentation whether REMOTE_ADDR is expected to exist or not as an environment variable, but it clearly works on one machine, whether by fluke or design, and the inconsistency is driving me mad.

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• File descriptor linked to socket or pipe in proc

  - by primero

  i have a question regarding the file descriptors and their linkage in the proc file system. I've observed that if i list the file descriptors of a certain process from proc ls -la /proc/1234/fd i get the following output: lr-x------ 1 root root 64 Sep 13 07:12 0 -> /dev/null l-wx------ 1 root root 64 Sep 13 07:12 1 -> /dev/null l-wx------ 1 root root 64 Sep 13 07:12 2 -> /dev/null lr-x------ 1 root root 64 Sep 13 07:12 3 -> pipe:[2744159739] l-wx------ 1 root root 64 Sep 13 07:12 4 -> pipe:[2744159739] lrwx------ 1 root root 64 Sep 13 07:12 5 -> socket:[2744160313] lrwx------ 1 root root 64 Sep 13 07:12 6 -> /var/lib/log/some.log I get the meaning of a file descriptor and i understand from my example the file descriptors 0 1 2 and 6, they are tied to physical resources on my computer, and also i guess 5 is connected to some resource on the network(because of the socket), but what i don't understand is the meaning of the numbers in the brackets. Do the point to some property of the resource? Also why are some of the links broken? And lastly as long as I asked a question already :) what is pipe?

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• Input/output error reading USB backup drive on CentOS 6.4

  - by Kev

  I'm suddenly seeing some strange behaviour on our USB backup drive that doesn't make sense to me: (2013-10-21 14:58:23 [root@newdc /]$ cd /mnt/backup/ (2013-10-21 14:59:03 [root@newdc backup]$ ls -la ls: reading directory .: Input/output error total 0 (2013-10-21 14:59:05 [root@newdc backup]$ df -h /mnt/backup Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on /dev/sda1 917G 843G 28G 97% /mnt/backup How is it possible for the OS to know how much is in use, but I can't ls any of it as root? Or more to the point, what problem does this indicate? /var/log/messages said this: Oct 21 14:57:54 g5 kernel: EXT4-fs error (device sda1): ext4_journal_start_sb: Detected aborted journal Oct 21 14:57:54 g5 kernel: EXT4-fs (sda1): Remounting filesystem read-only But...read-only is something different than 'throw an io error'... After unmounting to try fsck on it, I had someone on-site look at it, and the drive was not spun up, and had a slow-flashing light, which I believe means it was in a power-suspend mode. So I had them unplug and replug the USB cable, and now (before remounting) it says: fsck from util-linux-ng 2.17.2 e2fsck 1.41.12 (17-May-2010) /dev/sda1: clean, 2805106/61046784 files, 181934167/244182016 blocks I then mount it and now ls works and df reports: Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on /dev/sda1 917G 680G 191G 79% /mnt/backup What would cause it to go into such a state without being asked to? Why all the weird behaviour, and now it appears to not be corrupt?

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• Automatically creating volume partitions on boot

  - by Justin Meltzer

  I followed this guide: http://www.mongodb.org/display/DOCS/Amazon+EC2+Quickstart to set up Mongodb. It had me create a RAID 10 array out of the four devices on EBS. Then it had me create a physical volume, a volume group, and three logical volumes out of that RAID 10 array. Lastly it had me create ext4 filesystems out of the logical volumes and mount them. Now the quickstart guide had me put two things in place so that these steps would be replicated on reboot of the system. It had me add some instructions to the mdadm.conf file to automatically create the RAID 10 array, and it also had me add instructions to the fstab file to automatically mount the filesystem for each logical volume. However, the quickstart guide does not have anything for automatically creating the logical volumes from the RAID 10 array. I checked my system and see that each of the four devices are part of a RAID array: $ sudo mdadm -Q /dev/sdh1 /dev/sdh1: is not an md array /dev/sdh1: device 0 in 4 device unknown raid10 array. Use mdadm --examine for more detail. However, the filesystem is never created or mounted from fstab because it's trying to mount it from logical volumes that were never created (or so it seems). My question is, how can I automatically accomplish all the steps from the quickstart guide on a reboot of the system, and what config file do I need to add data to so that I can automatically create these volume partions after the RAID 10 is created but before the filesystem is mounted. Also I'm unsure whether fstab actually creates and mounts the filesystem or just mounts the filesystem.

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• where is my disk space?

  - by user166241

  I recently had a problem with .xsession-errors file - it became very big ( 90GB) and took all disk space: How I can check what takes disk space in /tmp?. I cleaned it with command > .xsession-errors but after an hour it became large again. So I deleted it (rm .xsession-errors) - it helped because it wasn't recreated but again after hour disk space disappeared - now there is no .xsession-errors anymore but I don't know where is the memory: df Filesystem 1K-blocks Used Available Use% Mounted on /dev/sda1 106640456 101223392 4 100% / udev 8166744 8 8166736 1% /dev tmpfs 3270224 972 3269252 1% /run none 5120 0 5120 0% /run/lock none 8175552 152 8175400 1% /run/shm du -sc * .[^.]* | sort -n 0 initrd.img 0 initrd.img.old 0 proc 0 sys 0 vmlinuz 0 vmlinuz.old 4 cdrom 4 lib64 4 media 4 mnt 4 selinux 8 dev 12 srv 16 lost+found 68 tmp 1124 run 3396 lib32 5164 .rpmdb 5540 root 8888 sbin 9120 bin 17132 etc 106080 opt 116956 boot 861908 lib 3530584 usr 3821836 var 13371260 home 21859112 total So there is around 100GB used but executing du -sc * .[^.]* | sort -n in root directory finds only ~21 GB - so what takes 80GB?? How to check it? I suspect that when I deleted the `.xsession-errors' file the errors were redirected somwhere else - but where?

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• Get more space for redis in unix server

  - by DevTraveler

  In our app we have only windows servers beside the cases we use redis queues. This case , we use unix server created by amazon. As you can see we do not have a lot of space available and we want to make sure redis has enough space to work without getting stuck. I am little bit new in unix and after reading some data about the unix file system i still was not fully sure how can i give the redis drive (it is in the home directory) more space. I see the mnt that has a lot of space but read it is temporary for cd-rom and network drives. Can you help me figure out how to get more space to my redis ? If it is possible i prefer not to re-install the redis server. Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on /dev/xvda1 7.9G 6.7G 880M 89% / udev 7.4G 4.0K 7.4G 1% /dev tmpfs 3.0G 152K 3.0G 1% /run none 5.0M 0 5.0M 0% /run/lock none 7.4G 0 7.4G 0% /run/shm /dev/xvdb 414G 30G 364G 8% /mnt Thanks.

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