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• Disable IPv6 on Debian VPS (Virtuozzo!)

  - by chris_l

  I have a Debian Lenny VPS, that's running virtualized by Parallels/Virtuozzo. Currently, the network interface doesn't have an IPv6 address - and that's good, because I don't have an ip6tables configuration. But I assume, that I could wake up one day, and ifconfig will show me an ipv6 address for the interface - because I have no control over the kernel or its modules - they're under the control of the hosting company. That would leave the server completely vulnerable to attacks from IPv6 addresses. What would be the best way to disable IPv6 (for the interface or maybe for the entire host)? Usually I would simply disable the kernel module, but that's not possible in this case. Update Maybe I should add, that I can use iptables and everything normally (I'm root on the VPS), but I can't make changes to the kernel or load kernel modules because of the way Virtuozzo works (shared kernel). lsmod always returns nothing. I can't call ip6tables -L (it says that I need to insmod, or that the kernel would have to be upgraded). I don't think, that changes to /etc/modprobe.d/aliases would have any effect, or do they? Networking Config? I thought, that maybe I can turn IPv6 off from /etc/network/... Is that possible? I just see, that they've set up avahi, so I should probably change the setting use-ipv6=yes to "no" in /etc/avahi/avahi.conf (?) Has anybody already tried this solution, and can I rely on it? I don't know too much about avahi. Would it actually have any effect? Or could it even bring my entire interface down, once IPv6 is enabled by the kernel?

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• CentOS security for lazy admins

  - by Robby75

  I'm running CentOS 5.5 (basic LAMP with Parallels Power Panel and Plesk) and have thus far neglected security (because it's not my full-time job, there is always something more important on my todo-list). My server does not contain any secret data and also no lives depend on it - Basically what I want is to make sure it does not become part of a botnet, that is "good enough" security in my case. Anyway, I don't want to become a full-time paranoid admin (like constantly watching and patching everything because of some obscure problem), I also don't care about most security problems like DOS attacks or problems that only exist when using some arcane settings. I'm in search of a "happy medium", for example a list of known important problems in the default installation of CentOS 5.5 and/or a list of security problems that have actually been exploited - not the typical endless list of buffer overflows that "maybe" a problem in some special case. The problem that I have with the usually recommended approaches (joining mailing lists, etc.) is that the really important problems (something where an exploit exists, that is exploitable in a common setup and where the attacker can do something really useful - i.e. not a DOS) are completely and utterly swamped by millions of tiny security alerts that surely are important for high-security servers, but not for me. Thanks for all suggestions!

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• How to redirect http requests to https (nginx)

  - by spuder

  There appear to be many questions and guides out there that instruct how to setup nginx to redirect http requests to https. Many are outdated, or just flat out wrong. # MANAGED BY PUPPET upstream gitlab { server unix:/home/git/gitlab/tmp/sockets/gitlab.socket; } # setup server with or without https depending on gitlab::gitlab_ssl variable server { listen *:80; server_name gitlab.localdomain; server_tokens off; root /nowhere; rewrite ^ https://$server_name$request_uri permanent; } server { listen *:443 ssl default_server; server_name gitlab.localdomain; server_tokens off; root /home/git/gitlab/public; ssl on; ssl_certificate /etc/ssl/certs/ssl-cert-snakeoil.pem; ssl_certificate_key /etc/ssl/private/ssl-cert-snakeoil.key; ssl_protocols SSLv3 TLSv1 TLSv1.1 TLSv1.2; ssl_ciphers AES:HIGH:!ADH:!MDF; ssl_prefer_server_ciphers on; # individual nginx logs for this gitlab vhost access_log /var/log/nginx/gitlab_access.log; error_log /var/log/nginx/gitlab_error.log; location / { # serve static files from defined root folder;. # @gitlab is a named location for the upstream fallback, see below try_files $uri $uri/index.html $uri.html @gitlab; } # if a file, which is not found in the root folder is requested, # then the proxy pass the request to the upsteam (gitlab puma) location @gitlab { proxy_read_timeout 300; # https://github.com/gitlabhq/gitlabhq/issues/694 proxy_connect_timeout 300; # https://github.com/gitlabhq/gitlabhq/issues/694 proxy_redirect off; proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-Proto $scheme; proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-Ssl on; proxy_set_header Host $http_host; proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr; proxy_pass http://gitlab; } } I've restarted after every configuration change, and yet I still only get the 'Welcome to nginx' page when visiting http://192.168.33.10. whereas https://192.168.33.10 works perfectly. Why will nginx still not redirect http requests to https? I've also tried the following configurations listen *:80; server_name <%= @fqdn %>; #root /nowhere; #rewrite ^ https://$server_name$request_uri? permanent; #rewrite ^ https://$server_name$request_uri permanent; #return 301 https://$server_name$request_uri; #return 301 http://$server_name$request_uri; #return 301 http://192.168.33.10$request_uri; return 301 http://$host$request_uri; The logs tailf /var/log/nginx/access.log 192.168.33.1 - - [22/Oct/2013:03:41:39 +0000] "GET / HTTP/1.1" 304 0 "-" "Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10.8; rv:24.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/24.0" 192.168.33.1 - - [22/Oct/2013:03:44:43 +0000] "GET / HTTP/1.1" 200 133 "-" "Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10.8; rv:24.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/24.0" tailf /var/log/nginx/gitlab_error.lob 2013/10/22 02:29:14 [crit] 27226#0: *1 connect() to unix:/home/git/gitlab/tmp/sockets/gitlab.socket failed (2: No such file or directory) while connecting to upstream, client: 192.168.33.1, server: gitlab.localdomain, request: "GET / HTTP/1.1", upstream: "http://unix:/home/git/gitlab/tmp/sockets/gitlab.socket:/", host: "192.168.33.10" Resources http://wiki.nginx.org/Pitfalls How to make nginx redirect How to force or redirect to SSL in nginx? nginx ssl redirect Nginx & Https Redirection https://www.tinywp.in/301-redirect-wordpress/ How to force or redirect to SSL in nginx?

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• Running multiple sites on a LAMP with secure isolation

  - by David C.

  Hi everybody, I have been administering a few LAMP servers with 2-5 sites on each of them. These are basically owned by the same user/client so there are no security issues except from attacks through vulnerable deamons or scripts. I am builing my own server and would like to start hosting multiple sites. My first concern is... ISOLATION. How can I avoid that a c99 script could deface all the virtual hosts? Also, should I prevent that c99 to be able to write/read the other sites' directories? (It is easy to "cat" a config.php from another site and then get into the mysql database) My server is a VPS with 512M burstable to 1G. Among the free hosting managers, is there any small one which works for my VPS? (which maybe is compatible with the security approach I would like to have) Currently I am not planning to host over 10 sites but I would not accept that a client/hacker could navigate into unwanted directories or, worse, run malicious scripts. FTP management would be fine. I don't want to complicate things with SSH isolation. What is the best practice in this case? Basically, what do hosting companies do to sleep well? :) Thanks very much! David

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• performance wise htaccess

  - by purpler

  hese's the my htaccess template, i wonder if anything could be added to increase website performance.. # Defaults AddDefaultCharset UTF-8 DefaultLanguage en-US ServerSignature Off FileETag None Header unset ETag Options -MultiViews #Options All -Indexes # Force the latest IE version or ChromeFrame <IfModule mod_setenvif.c> <IfModule mod_headers.c> BrowserMatch MSIE ie Header set X-UA-Compatible "IE=Edge,chrome=1" env=ie </IfModule> </IfModule> # Proxy X-UA Setup <IfModule mod_headers.c> Header append Vary User-Agent </IfModule> #Rewrites Options +FollowSymlinks RewriteEngine On RewriteBase / # Redirect to non-WWW RewriteCond %{HTTPS} !=on RewriteCond %{HTTP_HOST} ^www\.(.+)$ [NC] RewriteRule ^(.*)$ http://%1/$1 [R=301,L] # Redirect to WWW RewriteCond %{HTTP_HOST} ^domain.com RewriteRule (.*) http://www.domain.com/$1 [R=301,L] # Redirect index to root RewriteRule ^(.*)index\.(php|html)$ /$1 [R=301,L] # Caching ExpiresActive On ExpiresDefault A0 Header set Cache-Control "public" # 1 Year Long Cache <FilesMatch "\.(flv|fla|ico|pdf|avi|mov|ppt|doc|mp3|wmv|wav|png|jpg|jpeg|gif|swf|js|css|ttf|eot|woff|svg|svgz)$"> ExpiresDefault A31622400 </FilesMatch> # Proxy Caching <FilesMatch "\.(css|js|png)$"> ExpiresDefault A31622400 Header set Cache-Control "private" </FilesMatch> # Protect against DOS attacks by limiting file upload size LimitRequestBody 10240000 # Proper SVG serving AddType image/svg+xml svg svgz AddEncoding gzip svgz # GZip Compression <IfModule mod_deflate.c> <FilesMatch "\.(php|html|css|js|xml|txt|ttf|otf|eot|svg)$" > SetOutputFilter DEFLATE </FilesMatch> </IfModule> # Error page ErrorDocument 404 /404.html # Deny access to sensitive files <FilesMatch "\.(htaccess|ini|log|psd)$"> Order Allow,Deny Deny from all </FilesMatch>

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• switching dns server providers

  - by Yoav Aner

  I'm trying to wrap my head around something that I thought I kinda understood, but clearly there's some piece missing. We're currently using Zerigo as our primary dns, with slave dns running on linode. This works quite well. However, recent DDOS attacks on zerigo meant that whilst dns queries were still resolved, we were unable to make any dns changes. Since we rely on dns changes on our own infrastructure, I'm looking to improve this somehow. I'd rather not ditch zerigo completely, and realise that this or similar problems can happen with ANY primary dns hosting provider. It might not be DDOS, but a bug on their server, or something that means we can no longer issue updates. For this I want to have some fallback option: a completely independent (primary) dns provider (maybe AWS), which we will keep in-sync manually. We will switch-over to it when there's a problem. This brings me to my question: How do I make sure we can switch those providers quickly enough? specifically, on our registrar, there's a list of name servers, but no settings like TTL etc. How do dns clients know to use the newly updated name server records? Is this configured in the SOA? However, the SOA itself is hosted with the dns provider and we might not be able to update it... This is not a question about a one-time move, which can be planned and scheduled and tested, but rather to be able to do so when things are half-broken.

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• preformance wise htaccess

  - by purpler

  hese's the my htaccess template, i wonder if anything could be added to increase website performance.. # Defaults AddDefaultCharset UTF-8 DefaultLanguage en-US ServerSignature Off FileETag None Header unset ETag Options -MultiViews #Options All -Indexes # Force the latest IE version or ChromeFrame <IfModule mod_setenvif.c> <IfModule mod_headers.c> BrowserMatch MSIE ie Header set X-UA-Compatible "IE=Edge,chrome=1" env=ie </IfModule> </IfModule> # Proxy X-UA Setup <IfModule mod_headers.c> Header append Vary User-Agent </IfModule> #Rewrites Options +FollowSymlinks RewriteEngine On RewriteBase / # Redirect to non-WWW RewriteCond %{HTTPS} !=on RewriteCond %{HTTP_HOST} ^www\.(.+)$ [NC] RewriteRule ^(.*)$ http://%1/$1 [R=301,L] # Redirect to WWW RewriteCond %{HTTP_HOST} ^domain.com RewriteRule (.*) http://www.domain.com/$1 [R=301,L] # Redirect index to root RewriteRule ^(.*)index\.(php|html)$ /$1 [R=301,L] # Caching ExpiresActive On ExpiresDefault A0 Header set Cache-Control "public" # 1 Year Long Cache <FilesMatch "\.(flv|fla|ico|pdf|avi|mov|ppt|doc|mp3|wmv|wav|png|jpg|jpeg|gif|swf|js|css|ttf|eot|woff|svg|svgz)$"> ExpiresDefault A31622400 </FilesMatch> # Proxy Caching <FilesMatch "\.(css|js|png)$"> ExpiresDefault A31622400 Header set Cache-Control "private" </FilesMatch> # Protect against DOS attacks by limiting file upload size LimitRequestBody 10240000 # Proper SVG serving AddType image/svg+xml svg svgz AddEncoding gzip svgz # GZip Compression <IfModule mod_deflate.c> <FilesMatch "\.(php|html|css|js|xml|txt|ttf|otf|eot|svg)$" > SetOutputFilter DEFLATE </FilesMatch> </IfModule> # Error page ErrorDocument 404 /404.html # Deny access to sensitive files <FilesMatch "\.(htaccess|ini|log|psd)$"> Order Allow,Deny Deny from all </FilesMatch>

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• Using Varnish (only) for DDoS mitigation

  - by Martin Kanters

  My VPS is suffering from a (D)DoS doing a SYN flood with spoofed IPs. I'm right now searching from ways how to be able to defend (at least a bit) against it. It's running a DirectAdmin apache2 webserver. Mainly used for serving PHP and MySQL. We are using CloudFlare, which are saying that they are able to mitigate (D)DoS at some level, now the attacker knows our real IP address, so CloudFlare isn't helping a bit. I've done some searching on the net and found out about enabling SYN cookies, to defend against it. I've checked my settings and it seems it was enabled all along. I've also read about that Varnish is able to defend against SYN flooding and Slowloris attacks, now I'm pretty interested in using that. The thing is that CloudFlare is already caching a lot from us, and I don't wish to spend too much resources on Varnish. Is it possible and smart to set up Varnish only for the better handling of requests? Are there perhaps better ways which I've missed? Thanks in advance, Martin

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• Any non-custom way to manage iptables with fail2ban and libvirt+kvm?

  - by Peter Hansen

  I have an Ubuntu 9.04 server running libvirt/kvm and fail2ban (for SSH attacks). Both libvirt and fail2ban integrate with iptables in different ways. Libvirt uses (I think) some XML config and during startup (?) configures forwarding to the VM subnet. Fail2ban installs a custom chain (probably at init) and periodically modifies it to ban/unban probable attackers. I also need to install my own rules to forward various ports to servers running in VMs and on other machines, and set up rudimentary security (e.g. drop all INPUT traffic except the few ports I want open), and of course I'd like the ability to add/remove rules safely without restarting. It seems to me iptables is a powerful tool that's sorely lacking some sort of standardized way of juggling all this stuff. Every project, and every sysadmin, seems to do it differently! (And I think there's lots of "cargo cult" admin going on here, with people cloning crude approaches like "use iptables-save like so".) Short of figuring out the gory details of exactly how both of these (and potentially other) tools manipulate the netfilter tables, and developing my own scripts or just manually executing iptables commands, is there any way to safely work with iptables while not breaking the functionality of these other tools? Any nascent standards or projects defined to bring sanity to this area? Even a helpful web page I missed that might cover at least these two packages together?

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• IP Blacklists and suspicious inbound and outbound traffic

  - by Pantelis Sopasakis

  I administer a web server and recently we had our IP banned (!) from our host after they received a notification e-mail for abuse. In particular our server is allegedly involved in spam attacks over HTTP. The content of the abuse report email we received was not much informative - for example the IP addresses our server is supposed to have attacked against are not included - so I started a wireshark session checking for suspicious traffic over TCP/HTTP while trying to locate possible security holes on the system. (Let me note that the machine runs a Debian OS). Here is an example of such a request... Source: 89.74.188.233 Destination: 12.34.56.78 // my ip Protocol: HTTP Info: GET 'http://www.media.apniworld.com/image.php?type=hv' HTTP/1.0 I manually blacklisted this host (as well as some other ones) blocking them with iptables, but I can't keep on doing manually all day long... I'm looking for an automated way to block such IPs based on: Statistical analysis, pattern recognition or other AI-based analysis (Though, I'm reluctant to trust such a solution, if exists) Public blacklists Using DNSBL I actually found out that 89.74.188.233 is blacklisted. However other IPs which are strongly suspicious like 93.199.112.126 (i.e. http://www.pornstarnetwork.com/account/signin), unfortunately were not blacklisted! What I would like to do is to automatically connect my firewall with DNSBL (or some other blacklist database) and block all traffic towards blacklisted IPs or somehow have my local blacklist automatically updated.

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• Juniper’s Network Connect ncsvc on Linux: “host checker failed, error 10”

  - by hfs

  I’m trying to log in to a Juniper VPN with Network Connect from a headless Linux client. I followed the instructions and used the script from http://mad-scientist.us/juniper.html. When running the script with --nogui switch the command that gets finally executed is $HOME/.juniper_networks/network_connect/ncsvc -h HOST -u USER -r REALM -f $HOME/.vpn.default.crt. I get asked for the password, a line “Connecting to…” is printed but then the programm silently stops. When adding -L 5 (most verbose logging) to the command line, these are the last messages printed to the log: dsclient.info state: kStateCacheCleaner (dsclient.cpp:280) dsclient.info --> POST /dana-na/cc/ccupdate.cgi (authenticate.cpp:162) http_connection.para Entering state_start_connection (http_connection.cpp:282) http_connection.para Entering state_continue_connection (http_connection.cpp:299) http_connection.para Entering state_ssl_connect (http_connection.cpp:468) dsssl.para SSL connect ssl=0x833e568/sd=4 connection using cipher RC4-MD5 (DSSSLSock.cpp:656) http_connection.para Returning DSHTTP_COMPLETE from state_ssl_connect (http_connection.cpp:476) DSHttp.debug state_reading_response_body - copying 0 buffered bytes (http_requester.cpp:800) DSHttp.debug state_reading_response_body - recv'd 0 bytes data (http_requester.cpp:833) dsclient.info <-- 200 (authenticate.cpp:194) dsclient.error state host checker failed, error 10 (dsclient.cpp:282) ncapp.error Failed to authenticate with IVE. Error 10 (ncsvc.cpp:197) dsncuiapi.para DsNcUiApi::~DsNcUiApi (dsncuiapi.cpp:72) What does host checker failed mean? How can I find out what it tried to check and what failed? The HostChecker Configuration Guide mentions that a $HOME/.juniper_networks/tncc.jar gets installed on Linux, but my installation contains no such file. From that I concluded that HostChecker is disabled for my VPN on Linux? Are the POST to /dana-na/cc/ccupdate.cgi and “host checker failed” connected or independent? By running the connection over a SSL proxy I found out that the POST data is status=NOTOK (Funny side note: the client of the oh-so-secure VPN does not validate the server’s SSL certificate, so is wide open to MITM attacks…). So it seems that it’s the client that closes the connection and not the server.

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• IPtables - Accept Arbitrary Packets

  - by Asad Moeen

  I've achieved a lot on blocking attacks on GameServers but I'm stuck on something. I've blocked major requests of game-server which it aceepts in the form "\xff\xff\xff\xff" which can be followed by the actual queries like get status or get info to make something like "\xff\xff\xff\xff getstatus " but I see other queries if sent to the game-server will cause it to reply with a "disconnect" packet with the same rate as input so if the input rate is high then the high output of "disconnect" might give lag to the server. Hence I want to block all queries except the ones actual clients use which I suppose are in the form "\xff\xff\xff\xff" or .... so, I tried using this rule : -A INPUT -p udp -m udp -m u32 ! --u32 0x1c=0xffffffff -j ACCEPT -A INPUT -p udp -m udp -m recent --set --name Total --rsource -A INPUT -p udp -m udp -m recent --update --seconds 1 --hitcount 20 --name Total --rsource -j DROP Now where the rule does accept the clients but it only blocks requests in the form "\xff\xff\xff\xff getstatus " ( by which GameServer replies with status ) and not just "getstatus " ( by which GameServer replies with disconnect packet ). So I suppose the accept rule is accepting the simple "string" as well. I actually want it to also block the non-(\xff) queries. So how do I modify the rule?

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• Tracking IP through a socks5 proxy + RDP ?

  - by piro

  Hi all. We were having some issues at work until we found that we are being attacked almost every day. The attacker seems pretty smart - at first he was always using proxy to hide his IP. With scanning I found that they were socks 5 proxy. The last week we had 11 attacks and every time i found the ip i scanned it with nmap. I found that ALL of the 11 different ip addresses were RDP (port 3389 open, and accept rdp connections, checked by myself on ALL of them). So here follow the questions: 1. Can we trace his real IP back through a socks5 proxy ? 2. Can we trace him if he is using some RDP server to hide his ip ? Please do not answer like "Call the owner of the proxy server/RDP..." etc. we already tried it and it didn't work, that's why I am writing here. Thank you very much.

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• Asus P8P67 Rev. 3.1 Motherboard issues powering on and saving settings

  - by Scott

  Edit: New Information Have some updated information from the old question below: So basically my issue right now is somewhat similar, but I've been able to rule out a couple of things. I don't think this has anything to do with light on the motherboard. No matter what lights are on/off on the motherboard when the computer is off, they don't affect this issue. The main power LED on the Mobo is always lit when the power supply is turned on, and that's what matters anyway. Even when the main power LED is on, the PC will NOT boot up the first time I hit the power switch. I have to go reset the power supply (make all lights turn off on the Mobo and back on), and THEN hit the power switch. Then everything boots up. Also, the BIOS settings are reset every time this happens. Asus Tech Support told me to try jumping the power with something metal to try and rule out that it's a problem with the connectors getting power, or if it's a problem with the case power switch pins - haven't done that yet though. Any ideas? This is a lot simpler than it was before when I thought it had to do with certain LED indicators for RAM, EPU, etc. Original Question So I built my new desktop just about 3 weeks ago. I've been having a few issues which I think are all related to my motherboard, an Asus P8P67 Revision 3.1, but I'm not 100% sure as this is really the first from-scratch build I've ever done. I've posted these questions on the Asus forums, Asus Tech Support, and the Corsair forums as well as I thought it might have something to do with my power supply at one point. None of these avenues have solved my issue until now completely, so I thought I'd come here to see what you guys think. Here's what's happening: My computer is off, and I go to power it on. I press the power switch on the case (Antec Nine Hundred), and nothing seems to happen. Upon further inspection, I see that what this actually does is simply turn on the EPU LED on my motherboard, but doesn't actually boot anything up. I then have to go and flip the main power switch on the power supply off and back on. What this does is turn off all lights on the Motherboard after a few seconds, and turn them all back on (including the EPU LED that was off before I hit the power switch the first time). Now, hitting the power switch works. The machine boots up fine, and starts going through the boot up process. As a side note: My Motherboard is set to "Force BIOS", and every single time I change this to do the opposite, the next time my computer boots up that change reverts itself. I think this may be due to the fact that I am doing the hard reset on the power supply each time, but I'm not sure. I had thought that the Motherboard would keep its BIOS settings unless you did something to the Mobo itself - so this may be a related issue, or something else completely. That's basically it. Once it's on, it's on. It works fine, recognizes all of my hardware, and runs great. All fans/lights in the case work great, and I'm getting standard readings. The next time I go to shut the computer down however, I can expect the same exact process getting it up and running, including being forced to go into BIOS and exit again before I can load Windows. Another side note: If I power on my computer using the power switch DIRECTLY after shutting it down, it powers right back on (I think this is because the EPU LED light doesn't have time to turn off). It looks as if as long as the EPU LED is lit up on the motherboard before I hit the power switch on the case, the thing will boot up fine (although this doesn't explain the "Force BIOS" issue, at least it's something). Any ideas? Thanks guys. P.S. - System Specs Asus P8P67 Rev. 3.1 Motherboard Intel Core i7 2600K Processor 16GB (4x4GB) G-Skill 1600 RAM NVIDIA EVGA GTX 570 Video Card Crucial 128GB SSD HD Corsair 850W Power Supply Seagate 2TB HDD

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• Outlook Web Access, reverse proxy and browser

  - by M'vy

  Hi SF'ers! We recently moved an exchange server behind a reverse proxy due to the loss of a public IP. I've managed to configure the reverse proxy (httpd proxy_http). But there is a problem for the SSL configuration. When accessing the OWA interface with Firefox, all is ok and working. When accessing with MSIE or Chrome, they do not retrieve the good SSL Certificate. I think this is due to the multiples virtual host for httpd. Is there a workaround to make sure MSIE/Chrome request the certificate for the good domain name like FF does? Already tested with the SSL virtual host : SetEnvIf User-Agent ".*MSIE.*" value BrowserMSIE Header unset WWW-Authenticate Header add WWW-Authenticate "Basic realm=exchange.domain.com" A: ProxyPreserveHost On also: BrowserMatch ".*MSIE.*" \ nokeepalive ssl-unclean-shutdown \ downgrade-1.0 force-response-1.0 Or: SetEnvIf User-Agent ".*MSIE.*" \ nokeepalive ssl-unclean-shutdown \ downgrade-1.0 force-response-1.0 And lots of ProxyPassand ProxyReversePath on /exchweb /exchange /public etc... And it still don't seem to work. Any clue? Thanks. Edit 1: Precision of versions # openssl version OpenSSL 0.9.8k-fips 25 Mar 2009 /usr/sbin/httpd -v Server version: Apache/2.2.11 (Unix) Server built: Mar 17 2009 09:15:10 Browser versions : MSIE : 8.0.6001 Opera: Version 11.01 Revision 1190 Firefox: 3.6.15 Chrome: 10.0.648.151 Operating System: Windows Vista 32bits. They are all SNI compliant, I've tested them this afternoon https://sni.velox.ch/ You're right Shane Madden, I have multiple sites on the same public IP (and same port as well). The server itself is just a reverse proxy, that rewrite addresses to internal servers. The default host is a dev site, configure with the certificate that does not match the OWA (of course... would have been to easy) <VirtualHost *:443> ServerName dev2.domain.com ServerAdmin [email protected] CustomLog "| /usr/sbin/rotatelogs /var/log/httpd/access-%y%m%d.log 86400" combined ErrorLog "| /usr/sbin/rotatelogs /var/log/httpd/error-%y%m%d.log 86400" LogLevel warn RewriteEngine on SetEnvIfNoCase X-Forwarded-For .+ proxy=yes SSLEngine on SSLProtocol -all +SSLv3 +TLSv1 SSLCipherSuite ALL:!ADH:!EXPORT56:RC4+RSA:+HIGH:+MEDIUM:+LOW:+SSLv2:+EXP:+eNULL:+SSLv3 SSLCertificateFile /etc/httpd/ssl/domain.com.crt SSLCertificateKeyFile /etc/httpd/ssl/domain.com.key RewriteCond %{HTTP_HOST} dev2\.domain\.com RewriteRule ^/(.*)$ http://dev2.domain.com/$1 [L,P] </VirtualHost> The certificate of domain is a *.domain.com The second vHost is : <VirtualHost *:443> ServerName exchange.domain2.com ServerAdmin [email protected] CustomLog "| /usr/sbin/rotatelogs /var/log/httpd/exchange/access-%y%m%d.log 86400" combined ErrorLog "| /usr/sbin/rotatelogs /var/log/httpd/exchange/error-%y%m%d.log 86400" LogLevel warn SSLEngine on SSLProxyEngine On SSLProtocol -all +SSLv3 +TLSv1 SSLCipherSuite ALL:!ADH:!EXPORT56:RC4+RSA:+HIGH:+MEDIUM:+LOW:+SSLv2:+EXP:+eNULL:+SSLv3 SSLCertificateFile /etc/httpd/ssl/exchange.pem SSLCertificateKeyFile /etc/httpd/ssl/exchange.key RewriteEngine on SetEnvIfNoCase X-Forwarded-For .+ proxy=yes RewriteCond %{HTTP_HOST} exchange\.domain2\.com RewriteRule ^/(.*)$ https://exchange.domain2.com/$1 [L,P] </VirtualHost> and it's certificate is exchange.domain2.com only. I presume the SNI is somewhere not activated on my server. The versions of openssl and apache seams to be ok for the SNI support. The only thing I do not know is if httpd has been compile with the good options. (I assume it's a fedora packet).

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• TCPDump and IPTables DROP by string

  - by Tiffany Walker

  by using tcpdump -nlASX -s 0 -vvv port 80 I get something like: 14:58:55.121160 IP (tos 0x0, ttl 64, id 49764, offset 0, flags [DF], proto TCP (6), length 1480) 206.72.206.58.http > 2.187.196.7.4624: Flags [.], cksum 0x6900 (incorrect -> 0xcd18), seq 1672149449:1672150889, ack 4202197968, win 15340, length 1440 0x0000: 4500 05c8 c264 4000 4006 0f86 ce48 ce3a E....d@[email protected].: 0x0010: 02bb c407 0050 1210 63aa f9c9 fa78 73d0 .....P..c....xs. 0x0020: 5010 3bec 6900 0000 0f29 95cc fac4 2854 P.;.i....)....(T 0x0030: c0e7 3384 e89a 74fa 8d8c a069 f93f fc40 ..3...t....i.?.@ 0x0040: 1561 af61 1cf3 0d9c 3460 aa23 0b54 aac0 .a.a....4`.#.T.. 0x0050: 5090 ced1 b7bf 8857 c476 e1c0 8814 81ed P......W.v...... 0x0060: 9e85 87e8 d693 b637 bd3a 56ef c5fa 77e8 .......7.:V...w. 0x0070: 3035 743a 283e 89c7 ced8 c7c1 cff9 6ca3 05t:(>........l. 0x0080: 5f3f 0162 ebf1 419e c410 7180 7cd0 29e1 _?.b..A...q.|.). 0x0090: fec9 c708 0f01 9b2f a96b 20fe b95a 31cf ......./.k...Z1. 0x00a0: 8166 3612 bac9 4e8d 7087 4974 0063 1270 .f6...N.p.It.c.p What do I pull to use IPTables to block via string. Or is there a better way to block attacks that have something in common? Question is: Can I pick any piece from that IP packet and call it a string? iptables -A INPUT -m string --alog bm --string attack_string -j DROP In other words: In some cases I can ban with TTL=xxx and use that should an attack have the same TTL. Sure it will block some legit packets but if it means keeping the box up it works till the attack goes away but I would like to LEARN how to FIND other common things in a packet to block with IPTables

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• Help, my CentOS servers keep going down , No route to host after a random uptime

  - by user249071

  Hello , I have a couple of Centos linux servers, that have a very simple task, they run nginx + fastcgi for php , and some NFS mounts between them, readonly They have some RPC commands to start some downloading processes with wget, nothing fancy , from a main server, but their behavior is very unstable, they simply go down, we tried to monitor ram , processor usage, even network connections, they don't load up so much, max network connections up to... 250 max, 15% processor usage and memory , well, doesn't even fill up, 2.5GB from 8GB max , I have no ideea why can a linux server go down like that, they aren't even public servers, no domain names installed no public serving, for sites. The only thing that I've discovered was that if i didn't restart the network service every couple of hours or so... the servers were becoming very slow, starting apps very slow, but not repoting a high usage of resources...Maybe Centos doesn't free the timeout connections, or something like that...It's based on Red Hat right? I'm not a linux expert , but I'm sure that there are a few guys out there that can easily have an answer to this , or even have some leads to what i can do ... I haven't installed snort, or other things to view if we have some DOS attacks, still the scheduled script that restarts the network each hour should put the system back online, and it doesn't.... Thank you in advance

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• Anonymous Login attemps from IPs all over Asia, how do I stop them from being able to do this?

  - by Ryan

  We had a successful hack attempt from Russia and one of our servers was used as a staging ground for further attacks, actually somehow they managed to get access to a Windows account called 'services'. I took that server offline as it was our SMTP server and no longer need it (3rd party system in place now). Now some of our other servers are having these ANONYMOUS LOGIN attempts in the Event Viewer that have IP addresses coming from China, Romania, Italy (I guess there's some Europe in there too)... I don't know what these people want but they just keep hitting the server. How can I prevent this? I don't want our servers compromised again, last time our host took our entire hardware node off of the network because it was attacking other systems, causing our services to go down which is really bad. How can I prevent these strange IP addresses from trying to access my servers? They are Windows Server 2003 R2 Enterprise 'containers' (virtual machines) running on a Parallels Virtuozzo HW node, if that makes a difference. I can configure each machine individually as if it were it's own server of course... UPDATE: New login attempts still happening, now these ones are tracing back to Ukraine... WTF.. here is the Event: Successful Network Logon: User Name: Domain: Logon ID: (0x0,0xB4FEB30C) Logon Type: 3 Logon Process: NtLmSsp Authentication Package: NTLM Workstation Name: REANIMAT-328817 Logon GUID: - Caller User Name: - Caller Domain: - Caller Logon ID: - Caller Process ID: - Transited Services: - Source Network Address: 94.179.189.117 Source Port: 0 For more information, see Help and Support Center at http://go.microsoft.com/fwlink/events.asp. Here is one from France I found too: Event Type: Success Audit Event Source: Security Event Category: Logon/Logoff Event ID: 540 Date: 1/20/2011 Time: 11:09:50 AM User: NT AUTHORITY\ANONYMOUS LOGON Computer: QA Description: Successful Network Logon: User Name: Domain: Logon ID: (0x0,0xB35D8539) Logon Type: 3 Logon Process: NtLmSsp Authentication Package: NTLM Workstation Name: COMPUTER Logon GUID: - Caller User Name: - Caller Domain: - Caller Logon ID: - Caller Process ID: - Transited Services: - Source Network Address: 82.238.39.154 Source Port: 0 For more information, see Help and Support Center at http://go.microsoft.com/fwlink/events.asp.

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• Server side url scanner for malware, spyware , viruses and protect my visitors

  - by Vangel

  I have a forum/groups site that contains a lot of external URLs, sometimes direct download links. I want to protect my visitors from possible attacks from malware sites as they are mot likely to click on these links. CUrrently I implement DBL (spamhaus) but thats not enough. I want to run a background task to check the outgoing links first. I have looked at similar questions in StackOverflow (wrongly posted there) and here but fail to find a question same as mine or a good answer. People have suggested ClamAV , I don't believe it can detect Web hosted malware sites and its has a lot of missed detection. I have looked at google safe browsing service ( http://code.google.com/apis/safebrowsing/developers_guide_v2.html very complicated to implement or maintain plus midway I get lost :S ) I can go for commercial solution, anything to protect the visitors and my site brand. But I would like to hear the opinion of server admins and if anyone has implemented such a service. My Server is basic CentOS LAMP stack. thank you very much in advance.

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• Recommended drive encryption solution

  - by Chris Driver

  Hello, I will soon be purchasing a number of laptops running Windows 7 for our mobile staff. Due to the nature of our business I will need drive encryption. Windows BitLocker seems the obvious choice, but it looks like I need to purchase either Windows 7 Enterprise or Ultimate editions to get it. Can anyone offer suggestions on the best course of action: a) Use BitLocker, bite the bullet and pay to upgrade to Enterprise/Ultimate b) Pay for another 3rd party drive encryption product that is cheaper (suggestions appreciated) c) Use a free drive encryption product such as TrueCrypt Ideally I am also interested in 'real world' experience from people who are using drive encryption software and any pitfalls to look out for. Many thanks in advance... UPDATE Decided to go with TrueCrypt for the following reasons: a) The product has a good track record b) I am not managing a large quantity of laptops so integration with Active Directory, Management consoles etc is not a huge benefit c) Although eks did make a good point about Evil Maid (EM) attacks, our data is not that desirable to consider it a major factor d) The cost (free) is a big plus but not the primary motivator The next problem I face is imaging (Acronis/Ghost/..) encrypted drives will not work unless I perform sector-by-sector imaging. That means an 80Gb encrypted partition creates an 80Gb image file :(

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• Installing EclipseFP on Mac OS X

  - by Dom Kennedy

  I am trying to install EclipseFP. I'm running OS X Mavericks. I've tried following both the official installation instructions and the advice in this answer on SU, but I'm still having the same problem. I can get the plugin itself installed painlessly using Help -> Install New Software..., Bbut when I restart and switch to the Haskell perspective, things start to go wrong. The installation instructions tells me that I should receive a prompt to install BuildWrapper and Scion Browser. I do not receive this prompt. Furthermore, if I create a new Haskell project, my code has no syntax highlighting, and the Hoogle search feature does not appear to do anything. It's clear that the plugin is not set up correctly yet. I've tried running cabal update in Terminal, but this does not change anything. After several attempts going round in circles with this on Eclipse Juno, I uninstalled Eclispe and the Haskell Platform and performed a clean install of Eclipse Luna and the latest Haskell Platform. However, the problems are persisting. I've tried going into Preferences to see if I could sort any of this out manually. I should initially point out that my GHC installation seems to be correctly references under Preferences -> Haskell Implementations Under Haskell -> Helper executables, there are areas for configuring the options of both BuildWrapper and Scion Browser. At present, both are blank. I tried clicking the Install from Hackage... button beside each of them with no success; I receive an error message saying Expected executable <workspace>/.metadata/.plugins/net.sf.eclipsefp.haskell.ui/sandbox/.cabal-sandbox/bin/buildwrapper not found!` (replace buildwrapper for scion-browser and the message is the same) The Eclipse console displays the following exception after doing the above with BuildWrapper: src/Language/Haskell/BuildWrapper/GHCStorage.hs:313:32: Not in scope: data constructor ‘MatchGroup’ cabal.real: Error: some packages failed to install: buildwrapper-0.7.4 failed during the building phase. The exception was: ExitFailure 1 and after doing it for Scion-Browser: zip-archive-0.2.3.4 (reinstall) changes: text-1.1.0.0 -> 0.11.3.1 pandoc-1.12.3.3 (latest: 1.13) -http-conduit (new version) Graphalyze-0.14.1.0 (reinstall) changes: pandoc-1.12.4.2 -> 1.12.3.3, text-1.1.0.0 -> 0.11.3.1 cabal.real: The following packages are likely to be broken by the reinstalls: pandoc-1.12.4.2 unordered-containers-0.2.4.0 aeson-0.7.0.4 scientific-0.2.0.2 case-insensitive-1.1.0.3 HTTP-4000.2.10 Use --force-reinstalls if you want to install anyway. After receiving similar results as the above on previous attempts, I've tried using force-reinstalls and ended up at more dead ends. I am at a loss as to what is wrong and how to solve this. I should point out that my GHC installation appears to be correctly configured under Preferences -> Haskell -> Haskell Implementations. Apologies if any of this information is irrelevant, I'm just not really sure what is important and what isn't at this point. Any help anyone could provide me with would be greatly appreciated.

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• Uninstalled server 2008 now router won't handle DHCP

  - by john

  My set up is this. server behind router, router has a server and switch connected to it with multiple computers. router used to serve DHCP and DNS, a couple of days ago installed AD, DNS and DHCP on the server, and the server gave out IP's. For various reasons we had to uninstall the domain on our server. I removed AD, DHCP and DNS from the roles and set the router back to serving DHCP and DNS. Now I can't get computers on the network. I reset my router back to factory defaults, and if I plug a computer directly into the router I can get a IP address, but all the computers behind the switch can't get an IP address and can't see the router. All my computers say unidentified network, and if I ping the router it says host is unreachable. On the other hand, my wireless devices are just fine and connect no problem. But for desktops, ipconfig /release doesn't release anything and /renew can't find a server to renew on. My router log shows several FIN scans but they are from innocuous websites (google, netgear) and it shows a couple of smurf attacks but they are all from my external IP. Any ideas? the server isn't even connected to the route right now, and all the computers are set for dynamic IP addresses.. I don't know what else to try? Any help?

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• Linux iptables / conntrack performance issue

  - by tim

  I have a test-setup in the lab with 4 machines: 2 old P4 machines (t1, t2) 1 Xeon 5420 DP 2.5 GHz 8 GB RAM (t3) Intel e1000 1 Xeon 5420 DP 2.5 GHz 8 GB RAM (t4) Intel e1000 to test linux firewall performance since we got bitten by a number of syn-flood attacks in the last months. All machines run Ubuntu 12.04 64bit. t1, t2, t3 are interconnected through an 1GB/s switch, t4 is connected to t3 via an extra interface. So t3 simulates the firewall, t4 is the target, t1,t2 play the attackers generating a packetstorm thorugh (192.168.4.199 is t4): hping3 -I eth1 --rand-source --syn --flood 192.168.4.199 -p 80 t4 drops all incoming packets to avoid confusion with gateways, performance issues of t4 etc. I watch the packet stats in iptraf. I have configured the firewall (t3) as follows: stock 3.2.0-31-generic #50-Ubuntu SMP kernel rhash_entries=33554432 as kernel parameter sysctl as follows: net.ipv4.ip_forward = 1 net.ipv4.route.gc_elasticity = 2 net.ipv4.route.gc_timeout = 1 net.ipv4.route.gc_interval = 5 net.ipv4.route.gc_min_interval_ms = 500 net.ipv4.route.gc_thresh = 2000000 net.ipv4.route.max_size = 20000000 (I have tweaked a lot to keep t3 running when t1+t2 are sending as many packets as possible). The result of this efforts are somewhat odd: t1+t2 manage to send each about 200k packets/s. t4 in the best case sees aroung 200k in total so half of the packets are lost. t3 is nearly unusable on console though packets are flowing through it (high numbers of soft-irqs) the route cache garbage collector is no way near to being predictable and in the default setting overwhelmed by very few packets/s (<50k packets/s) activating stateful iptables rules makes the packet rate arriving on t4 drop to around 100k packets/s, efectively losing more than 75% of the packets And this - here is my main concern - with two old P4 machines sending as many packets as they can - which means nearly everyone on the net should be capable of this. So here goes my question: Did I overlook some importand point in the config or in my test setup? Are there any alternatives for building firewall system especially on smp systems?

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• What is best configuration settings for Wordpress and MySQL on Win2008 + IIS7 stack?

  - by holiveira

  I currently have four blogs that uses Wordpress running on a shared hosting company. This blogs have a considerable amount of visits and I'm constantly receiving warnings from the hosting company saying that I'm consuming too much server CPU. Considering the fact that I have a dedicated server in another company with plenty of idle resources (it has a quad core Xeon 2.5GHz and 8GB of Ram and run on Win2008) I'm planning to move the blogs to this server in order to have some more freedom. I'm currently using this server to host some web applications using ASP.Net and SQL Express. I've installed a blog to test and it worked fine, but some issues appeared and raised some questions in my mind: How to properly set the permissions in the folders used by wordpress plugins, I mean, what permissions should I set for the IIS_User in some folders so that the plugins works correctly? What's the best caching plugin to use considering this is a Window Server? In the previous hosting company I used the WPSuperCache, but it was a Linux Stack. Or should I ignore the caching plugins and use the Dynamic Caching Feature of IIS7? How can I optmize the MySQL server running in this server (specially the settings regarding memory and caching) How can I protect the admin folders against hacker attacks? I know some people will advice me not to run Wordpress in a Windows stack, but that's my only choice. I don't even know were to start managing and LAMP stack, don't have the time to do so nor the money to rent another server.

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• What are the best linux permissions to use for my website?

  - by Nic

  This is a Canonical Question about File Permissions on a Linux web server. I have a Linux web server running Apache2 that hosts several websites. Each website has its own folder in /var/www/. /var/www/contoso.com/ /var/www/contoso.net/ /var/www/fabrikam.com/ The base directory /var/www/ is owned by root:root. Apache is running as www-data:www-data. The Fabrikam website is maintained by two developers, Alice and Bob. Both Contoso websites are maintained by one developer, Eve. All websites allow users to upload images. If a website is compromised, the impact should be as limited as possible. I want to know the best way to set up permissions so that Apache can serve the content, the website is secure from attacks, and the developers can still make changes. One of the websites is structured like this: /var/www/fabrikam.com /cache /modules /styles /uploads /index.php How should the permissions be set on these directories and files? I read somewhere that you should never use 777 permissions on a website, but I don't understand what problems that could cause. During busy periods, the website automatically caches some pages and stores the results in the cache folder. All of the content submitted by website visitors is saved to the uploads folder.

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