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  • What's the best way to return a subset of a list

    - by Pikrass
    I have a list of tasks. A task is defined by a name, a due date and a duration. My TaskManager class handles a std::list<Task> sorted by due date. It has to provide a way to get the tasks due for a specific date. How would you implement that ? I think a good way (from API point of view) would be to provide a std::list<Task>::iterator pair. So I would have a TaskManager::begin(date) method. Do you think this method should get the iterator by iterating from the start of the list until it finds the first task due on that date, or by getting it from a std::map<date, std::list<Task>::iterator> (but then we have to keep it up-to-date when adding or removing tasks) ? And then, how could I implement the TaskManager::end(date) method ?

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  • Credit Card checksums and validations that do not require connection to the financial institution

    - by cjavapro
    The validations I know of are: Checksum the whole card number should add up to zero. (range is 0-9) Check the first digit(s) against the card type Check the length against the card type Check the CCV length against the card type (I think all the major types are 3 anyway) Of course make sure it is accepted card type as well as non expired. Are there any other validations :) (I expect many folks did not know about all of these) The reason I ask is because I overheard there was one to checksum number against expiration or CCV.. I just wanted to check.

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  • permutation of array

    - by davit-datuashvili
    for example i have array int a[]=new int[]{3,4,6,2,1}; I need list of all permutation such that if one is like this, {3,2,1,4,6}, others must not be the same i know that if length of array=n then there is n! possible combination please help me to write this algortihm what to do?

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  • How do I recursively define a Hash in Ruby from supplied arguments?

    - by Sarah Beckham
    This snippet of code populates an @options hash. values is an Array which contains zero or more heterogeneous items. If you invoke populate with arguments that are Hash entries, it uses the value you specify for each entry to assume a default value. def populate(*args) args.each do |a| values = nil if (a.kind_of? Hash) # Converts {:k => "v"} to `a = :k, values = "v"` a, values = a.to_a.first end @options[:"#{a}"] ||= values ||= {} end end What I'd like to do is change populate such that it recursively populates @options. There is a special case: if the values it's about to populate a key with are an Array consisting entirely of (1) Symbols or (2) Hashes whose keys are Symbols (or some combination of the two), then they should be treated as subkeys rather than the values associated with that key, and the same logic used to evaluate the original populate arguments should be recursively re-applied. That was a little hard to put into words, so I've written some test cases. Here are some test cases and the expected value of @options afterwards: populate :a => @options is {:a => {}} populate :a => 42 => @options is {:a => 42} populate :a, :b, :c => @options is {:a => {}, :b => {}, :c => {}} populate :a, :b => "apples", :c => @options is {:a => {}, :b => "apples", :c => {}} populate :a => :b => @options is {:a => :b} # Because [:b] is an Array consisting entirely of Symbols or # Hashes whose keys are Symbols, we assume that :b is a subkey # of @options[:a], rather than the value for @options[:a]. populate :a => [:b] => @options is {:a => {:b => {}}} populate :a => [:b, :c => :d] => @options is {:a => {:b => {}, :c => :d}} populate :a => [:a, :b, :c] => @options is {:a => {:a => {}, :b => {}, :c => {}}} populate :a => [:a, :b, "c"] => @options is {:a => [:a, :b, "c"]} populate :a => [:one], :b => [:two, :three => "four"] => @options is {:a => :one, :b => {:two => {}, :three => "four"}} populate :a => [:one], :b => [:two => {:four => :five}, :three => "four"] => @options is {:a => :one, :b => { :two => { :four => :five } }, :three => "four" } } It is acceptable if the signature of populate needs to change to accommodate some kind of recursive version. There is no limit to the amount of nesting that could theoretically happen. Any thoughts on how I might pull this off?

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  • What is the best book for learning about Algorithms?

    - by sheats
    I know what algorithms are, but I have never consciously used or created one for any of the programming that I have done. So I'd like to get a book about the subject - I'd prefer if it was in python but that's not a strict requirement. What book about algorithms helped you most to understand, use, and create algorithms? One book per answer so they can be voted on...

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  • Is it possible to compute the minimum of three numbers by using two comparisons at the same time?

    - by Milo Hou
    I've been trying to think up of some way that I could do two comparisons at the same time to find the greatest/least of three numbers. Arithmetic operations on them are considered "free" in this case. That is to say, the classical way of finding the greater of two, and then comparing it to the third number isn't valid in this case because one comparison depends on the result of the other. Is it possible to use two comparisons where this isn't the case? I was thinking maybe comparing the differences of the numbers somehow or their products or something, but came up with nothing. Just to reemphasize, two comparisons are still done, just that neither comparison relies on the result of the other comparison. EDIT: what about: boolA = A^2 + B^2 < C^2 boolB = A > B if boolA then max=C else if boolB then max=A else max=B

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  • Recursive breadth-first travel function in Java or C++?

    - by joejax
    Here is a java code for breadth-first travel: void breadthFirstNonRecursive(){ Queue<Node> queue = new java.util.LinkedList<Node>(); queue.offer(root); while(!queue.isEmpty()){ Node node = queue.poll(); visit(node); if (node.left != null) queue.offer(node.left); if (node.right != null) queue.offer(node.right); } } Is it possible to write a recursive function to do the same? At first, I thought this would be easy, so I came out with this: void breadthFirstRecursive(){ Queue<Node> q = new LinkedList<Node>(); breadthFirst(root, q); } void breadthFirst(Node node, Queue<Node> q){ if (node == null) return; q.offer(node); Node n = q.poll(); visit(n); if (n.left != null) breadthFirst(n.left, q); if (n.right != null) breadthFirst(n.right, q); } Then I found it doesn't work. It is actually does the same thing as this: void preOrder(Node node) { if (node == null) return; visit(node); preOrder(node.left); preOrder(node.right); } Has any one thought about this before?

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  • Determining the best audio quality.

    - by The Rook
    How can you determine the best audio quality in a list of audio files, with out looking at the audio file's header. What if all of the files came from differnt encoding types and they where all transcoded to the same format and bit rate.

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  • Lists Hash function

    - by John Retallack
    I'm trying to make a hash function so I can tell if too lists with same sizes contain the same elements. For exemple this is what I want: f((1 2 3))=f((1 3 2))=f((2 1 3))=f((2 3 1))=f((3 1 2))=f((3 2 1)). Any ideea how can I approch this problem ? I've tried doing the sum of squares of all elements but it turned out that there are collisions,for exemple f((2 2 5))=33=f((1 4 4)) which is wrong as the lists are not the same. I'm looking for a simple approach it there are any.

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  • Calculate coordinates between startpoint and endpoint

    - by MikeB123
    Given.. 1 - The start-point GPS coordinates, 2 - The end-point GPS coordinates, 3 - The speed at which the object is travelling, 4 - Knowing that the trip trajectory will be a straight line... How can I calculate what my GPS coordinated will be in n minutes' time? That is to say, how can I calculate my position at a given time after the trip has started before the trip has ended?

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  • Fast inter-process (inter-threaded) communications IPC on large multi-cpu system.

    - by IPC
    What would be the fastest portable bi-directional communication mechanism for inter-process communication where threads from one application need to communicate to multiple threads in another application on the same computer, and the communicating threads can be on different physical CPUs). I assume that it would involve a shared memory and a circular buffer and shared synchronization mechanisms. But shared mutexes are very expensive (and there are limited number of them too) to synchronize when threads are running on different physical CPUs.

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  • Enumerating combinations in a distributed manner

    - by Reyzooti
    I have a problem where I must analyse 500C5 combinations (255244687600) of something. Distributing it over a 10 node cluster where each cluster processes roughly 10^6 combinations per second means the job will be complete in about 7hours. The problem I have is distributing the 255244687600 combinations over the 10 nodes. I'd like to present each node with 25524468760, however the algorithms I'm using can only produce the combinations sequentially, I'd like to be able to pass the set of elements and a range of combination indicies eg: [0-10^7) or [10^7,2.0 10^7) etc and have the nodes themselves figure out the combinations. The algorithms I'm using at the moment are from the following: http://home.roadrunner.com/~hinnant/combinations.html A logical question I've considered using a master node, that enumerates each of the combinations and sends work to each of the nodes, however the overhead incurred in iterating the combinations from a single node and communicating back and forth work is enormous, and will subsequently lead to the master node becoming the bottleneck. Are there any good combination iterating algorithms geared up for efficient/optimal distributed enumeration?

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  • Fast ceiling of an integer division in C / C++

    - by andand
    Given integer values x and y, C and C++ returns as the quotient q = x/y the floor of the floating point valued equivalent. I'm interestd in a method of returning the ceiling instead? For example, ceil(10/5) = 2 and ceil(11/5) = 3. The obvious approach involves something like: q = x / y; if (q * y < x) ++q; This requires an extra comparison and multiplication; and other methods I've seen (used in fact) involve casting as a float or double. Is there a more direct method that avoids the additional multiplication (or a second division) and branch, and that also avoids casting as a floating point number?

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  • Sorting 1 million 8-digit numbers in 1MB of RAM

    - by Favourite Chigozie Onwuemene
    I have a computer with 1M of RAM and no other local storage. I must use it to accept 1 million 8-digit decimal numbers over a TCP connection, sort them, and then send the sorted list out over another TCP connection. The list of numbers may contain duplicates, which I must not discard. The code will be placed in ROM, so I need not subtract the size of my code from the 1M. I already have code to drive the ethernet port and handle TCP/IP connections, and it requires 2k for its state data, including a 1k buffer via which the code will read and write data. Is there a solution to this problem?

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  • Finding the index of a given value in a pre-sorted array

    - by bobo
    Today, I went for an interview and the interviewer asked me how I would find the index of a given value (number) in a pre-sorted array like this: $preSortedArr=array(23,32,36,41,45,54); He also said that using recursion is not allowed. I think the function should look like this: function findIndexByValue($preSortedArray,$value){ //some codes here } What solution do you think he was expecting from me? EDIT: sorry, I forgot to add that, he originally asked me to write psuedo codes but I said I don't know. I tried to write in PHP, but I think he's expecting a language-independent solution.

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  • Show me some cool python list comprehensions

    - by christangrant
    One of the major strengths of python and a few other (functional) programming languages are the list comprehension. They allow programmers to write complex expressions in 1 line. They may be confusing at first but if one gets used to the syntax, it is much better than nested complicated for loops. With that said, please share with me some of the coolest uses of list comprehensions. (By cool, I just mean useful) It could be for some programming contest, or a production system. For example: To do the transpose of a matrix mat >>> mat = [ ... [1, 2, 3], ... [4, 5, 6], ... [7, 8, 9], ... ] >>> [[row[i] for row in mat] for i in [0, 1, 2]] [[1, 4, 7], [2, 5, 8], [3, 6, 9]] Please include a description of the expression and where it was used (if possible).

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  • Are there any well-known algorithms or computer models that computer scientists use to predict FIFA

    - by Khnle
    Occasionally I read news articles that mention about some computer models that computer scientists use to predict winners of some sporting events or the odds for betting which I think there must be a mathematical model behind it. I never bothered to think twice even though I am a "pseudo computer scientist" myself. With the 2010 FIFA World Cup just underway, and since I am also a "pseudo football/soccer player" myself, I just started to wonder about these calculations algorithms. For example, I know one factor is determining the strength of opponents, so that a win against a strong opponent can count more than a win against a weak opponent. But it now kind of gets in a circular loop, or at least how does one determine the strength of a team in the first place, before that team can be considered strong or weak? If it's based on a historical data then there's no way that could be accurate, because those players of the past are no longer on the fields so their impact is none (except maybe if they become coaches like Maradona) Anyway, long question short, if you're happen to be working in this field or have some knowledge, please shed some lights.

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  • Problems with dynamic programming

    - by xan
    I've got difficulties with understanding dynamic programming, so I decided to solve some problems. I know basic dynamic algorithms like longest common subsequence, knapsack problem, but I know them because I read them, but I can't come up with something on my own :-( For example we have subsequence of natural numbers. Every number we can take with plus or minus. At the end we take absolute value of this sum. For every subsequence find the lowest possible result. in1: 10 3 5 4; out1: 2 in2: 4 11 5 5 5; out2: 0 in3: 10 50 60 65 90 100; out3: 5 explanation for 3rd: 5 = |10+50+60+65-90-100| what it worse my friend told me that it is simple knapsack problem, but I can't see any knapsack here. Is dynamic programming something difficult or only I have big problems with it?

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  • Purpose of IF, ELSE, FOR macros ?

    - by psihodelia
    I have a source code of a library which has a lot of strange IF, ELSE, FOR, etc. macros for all common C-keywords instead of using just usual if,else,for,while keywords. These macros are defined like this: #define IF( a) if( increment_if(), a) where increment_if() function is defined so: static __inline void increment_if( void) { // If the "IF" operator comes just after an "ELSE", its counter // must not be incremented. ... //implementation } I don't really understand, what is the purpose of such macros? This library is for a real-time application and I suppose that using such macros must slow-down an application.

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  • skipping certain number of frames on a timeline

    - by clamp
    hi, i have a mathematical problem which is a bit hard to describe, but i'll give it a try anyway. in a timeline, i have a number of frames, of which i want to skip a certain number of frames, which should be evenly distributed along the timeline. for example i have 10 frames and i want to skip 5, then the solution is easy: we skip every second frame. 10/5 = 2 if (frame%2 == 0) skip(); but what if the above division does result in a floating number? for example in 44 frames i want to skip 15 times. how can i determine the 15 frames which should be skipped? thanks!

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  • How to Implement AutoSize

    - by TheCloudlessSky
    I'm trying to figure out a good way to auto-size a Rectangle that has text drawn inside of it. I basically want the size to have a ratio of width/height and then "grow" according to that ratio to fit the text. I've looked at Graphics.MeasureString but I don't think it does what I'm looking for (maybe it does and I'm just using it wrong). I don't want to specify a specific width of the rectangle to be drawn, instead I want to say find the smallest width/height to fit this text but the found rectangle must have some specific ratio of width and height. This doesn't have to be specific to C#, any idea for solving this problem I'm sure can be mapped to C#. Thanks!

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  • How to generate a LONG guid?

    - by Ron
    I would like to generate a long UUID - something like the session key used by gmail. It should be at least 256 chars and no more than 512. It can contain all alpha-numeric chars and a few special chars (the ones below the function keys on the keyboard). Has this been done already or is there a sample out there? C++ or C#

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