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• How do I mount a HFS+ dd image in OSX?

  - by Paul McMillan

  I had an HFS+ formatted drive that was going bad and wouldn't mount at all on OSX. I created an image using ddrescue on linux, and was able to save most of it. I can mount the drive and see the data just fine in linux using this: mount -o loop -t hfsplus dd_image /Volumes/mountpoint This doesn't work on my OSX system since hfsplus isn't a valid filesystem type. If I try: mount -t hfs image mountpoint It complains that it needs a block device. What's the fix here?

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• What can I do to give some more love and disk space to my database on Ubuntu?

  - by Yaron Naveh

  I'm new to linux. I've deployed a db to ubuntu server on amazon and found out I'm low on disk space. did df (see below) - and found out that I'm 89% capacity on one file system, but less on others. What does this mean? Do I have a few partitions and can now utilize others besides /dev/xvda1? Also /dev/xvdb seems large, is it safe to put the db in it and only use it? If so do I need to mount it or do something special? $> df -lah Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on /dev/xvda1 8.0G 6.7G 914M 89% / proc 0 0 0 - /proc sysfs 0 0 0 - /sys none 0 0 0 - /sys/fs/fuse/connections none 0 0 0 - /sys/kernel/debug none 0 0 0 - /sys/kernel/security udev 3.7G 8.0K 3.7G 1% /dev devpts 0 0 0 - /dev/pts tmpfs 1.5G 164K 1.5G 1% /run none 5.0M 0 5.0M 0% /run/lock none 3.7G 0 3.7G 0% /run/shm /dev/xvdb 414G 199M 393G 1% /mnt

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• Bash Script to Back Up Backs Up Itself

  - by Jay LaCroix

  I have the following bash script that creates a tar.gz of my filesystem on a Kubuntu PC. The problem is, that it also tries to backup the tar.gz backup file, even though I am storing the backup in /tmp and omitting /tmp from the backup. I am wondering why it's backing up the file in /tmp even though I told it not to. #!/bin/bash # init DATE=$(date +20%y%m%d) sudo tar -cvpzf /tmp/`hostname`_$DATE.tar.gz \ --exclude=/proc \ --exclude=/lost+found \ --exclude=/sys \ --exclude=/mnt \ --exclude=/media \ --exclude=/dev \ --exclude=/tmp \ --exclude=/home/jlacroix/Desktop \ --exclude=/home/jlacroix/Documents \ --exclude=/home/jlacroix/Music \ --exclude=/home/jlacroix/Pictures \ --exclude=/home/jlacroix/Projects \ --exclude=/home/jlacroix/Roms \ --exclude=/home/jlacroix/Videos \ --exclude=/home/jlacroix/.VirtualBox\ VMs \ --exclude=/home/jlacroix/.SpiderOak \ / scp /tmp/`hostname`_$DATE.tar.gz jlacroix@Pluto:/share/Recovery/Snapshots sudo rm /tmp/`hostname`_$DATE.tar.gz

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• Possible to get SSD TRIM (discard) working on ext4 + LVM + software RAID in Linux?

  - by Don MacAskill

  We use RAID1+0 with md on Linux (currently 2.6.37) to create an md device, then use LVM to provide volume management on top of the device, and then use ext4 as our filesystem on the LVM volume groups. With SSDs as the drives, we'd like to see the TRIM commands propagate through the layers (ext4 - LVM - md - SSD) to the devices. It looks like recent 2.6.3x kernels have had a lot of new SSD-related TRIM support added, including lots more coverage of Device Mapper scenarios, but we still can't seem to get it to cascade down properly. Is this possible yet? If so, how? If not, is any progress being made?

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• Unable to mount portable hard drive on Ubuntu

  - by VoY

  My portable hard drive (WD My Passport), which used to work correctly now does not automount on my Ubuntu system. It does work on a Windows machine or even when plugged into WD HD TV, which is a Linux based device. There's one NTFS partition spanning the whole drive. When I plug the disk in, I see the following in dmesg: [269259.504631] usb 1-2.2: new high speed USB device using ehci_hcd and address 20 [269259.604674] usb 1-2.2: configuration #1 chosen from 1 choice However it does not mount in GNOME and I don't see it when I type: sudo fdisk -l Any suggestions why this might be? I repaired the partition using chkdsk on Windows, so the issue is probably not filesystem related.

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• Dealing with different usernames when mounting removable media in Linux

  - by dimatura

  I have a laptop in which my username is, say, "foo". I have an external drive, formatted with Ext4, for which all files are owned by "foo" (at a filesystem level). Now, I have a desktop in which my username is, say, "bar". If I mount this external drive in this computer the files are considered to not be owned by "bar". This makes sense, but it is annoying because their bits mode are set so that only the owner can modify/delete them. What's the cleanest way to deal with this? Create a group with "foo" and "bar" and add group modification permissions?

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• Rebuilding /etc/rc?.d/ links

  - by timday

  A regular filesystem check on a Debian Lenny system triggered an fsck, and that nuked a handful of links in the /etc/rc?.d hierarchy (unfortunately I didn't keep a list). The system seems to boot and run normally, but I'm worried its storing up trouble for the future. Is there an easy (fairly automatic) way of rebuilding this piece of the system ? As I understand it, the links are generally manipulated by package postinst scripts using update-rc.d (and I haven't made any changes from the installed defaults). Without any better ideas, my plan is one of: Diff a listing with another similar system to identify which packages need their links repairing. Wait until the system is upgraded to Squeeze (hopefully not too long :^) and assume the mass package upgrade will restore all the missing links.

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• How can I get rid of / hide :2eDS_Store files on my linux netatalk server?

  - by Douglas Mayle

  I'm running a netatalk server process on my linux server that serves files up to Mac client machines. Whenever you use Mac's Finder to access foreign filesystems over netatalk, it creates '.DS_Store' files to store information about the folder. Normally, these files would be hidden by default, and I wouldn't care. Unfortunately, netatalk doesn't allow access to local hidden files, so when the Mac writes and reads these, it renames them :2eDS_Store on the local filesystem. When you have a deep tree, you end up with these littered all over the place, and other Windows and Linux clients have to deal with them. How do I make these available to Mac clients and hidden from everyone else?

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• df -h showing wrong output in GB

  - by Anurag Uniyal

  If I list df output for KB, MB and GB, they do not match e.g. $ df -k |grep xvdb /dev/xvdb1 12796048 732812 11413172 7% /xxx $ df -m |grep xvdb /dev/xvdb1 12497 716 11146 7% /xxx $ df -h |grep xvdb /dev/xvdb1 13G 716M 11G 7% /xxx 12796048 KB = 12496.14 MB so that is slight off but OK 12796048 KB = 12.2 GB, 12407 MB is also 12.2 GB so why df is showing 13 GB or am I missing something? Here is full df listing $ df -h Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on /dev/xvda1 7.5G 1.7G 5.5G 24% / none 5.8G 128K 5.8G 1% /dev none 5.8G 0 5.8G 0% /dev/shm none 5.8G 44K 5.8G 1% /var/run none 5.8G 0 5.8G 0% /var/lock none 5.8G 0 5.8G 0% /lib/init/rw /dev/xvdb1 13G 716M 11G 6% /xxx Coreutils version seems to 7.4 as info coreutils shows This manual documents version 7.4 of the GNU core utilities,

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• How do I get nginx to issue 301 requests to HTTPS location, when SSL handled by a load-balancer?

  - by growse

  I've noticed that there's functionality enabled in nginx by default, whereby a url request without a trailing slash for a directory which exists in the filesystem automatically has a slash added through a 301 redirect. E.g. if the directory css exists within my root, then requesting http://example.com/css will result in a 301 to http://example.com/css/. However, I have another site where the SSL is offloaded by a load-balancer. In this case, when I request https://example.com/css, nginx issues a 301 redirect to http://example.com/css/, despite the fact that the HTTP_X_FORWARDED_PROTO header is set to https by the load balancer. Is this an nginx bug? Or a config setting I've missed somewhere?

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• Apache whitelist a single location, but require basic auth for everything else

  - by Chris Lawlor

  I'm sure this is simple, but Google is not my friend this morning. The goal is: /public... is openly accessible everything else (including /) requires basic auth. This is a WSGI app, with a single WSGI script (it's a django site, if that matters..) I have this: <Location /public> Order deny,allow Allow from all </Location> <Directory /> AuthType Basic AuthName "My Test Server" AuthUserFile /path/to/.htpasswd Require valid-user </Directory> With this configuration, basic auth works fine, but the Location directive is totally ignored. I'm not surprised, as according to this (see How the Sections are Merged), the Directory directive is processed first. I'm sure I'm missing something, but since Directory applies to a filesystem location, and I really only have the one Directory at /, and it's a Location that I wish to allow access to, but Directory always overrides Location... EDIT I'm using Apache 2.2, which doesn't support AuthType None.

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• ubuntu server slowly filling up

  - by Crash893

  We had our samba server (ubuntu 8.04 ltr) share fill up the other day but when I went to look at it I cant see any of the shares have to much on them we have 5 group shares and then each users has an individual share one users has 22gigs of stuff a few others have 10-20mb of stuff and everyone else is empty so maybe like 26gigs total I deleted a few files yesterday and freed up about 250mb of space today when i checked it it was completely full again and i deleted some older files and freed up about 170mb of stuff but i can watch it slowly creep down in free space. I keep running a df -h Filesystem 1K-blocks Used Available Use% Mounted on /dev/sda1 241690180 229340500 169200 100% / varrun 257632 260 257372 1% /var/run varlock 257632 0 257632 0% /var/lock udev 257632 72 257560 1% /dev devshm 257632 52 257580 1% /dev/shm lrm 257632 40000 217632 16% /lib/modules/2.6.24-28-generic /volatile what can I do to try to hunt down whats taking up so much of my hdd? (im fairly new to unix in general so i apologize if this is not well explained)

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• ubuntu server slowly filling up

  - by Crash893

  We had our samba server (ubuntu 8.04 ltr) share fill up the other day but when I went to look at it I cant see any of the shares have to much on them we have 5 group shares and then each users has an individual share one users has 22gigs of stuff a few others have 10-20mb of stuff and everyone else is empty so maybe like 26gigs total I deleted a few files yesterday and freed up about 250mb of space today when i checked it it was completely full again and i deleted some older files and freed up about 170mb of stuff but i can watch it slowly creep down in free space. I keep running a df -h Filesystem 1K-blocks Used Available Use% Mounted on /dev/sda1 241690180 229340500 169200 100% / varrun 257632 260 257372 1% /var/run varlock 257632 0 257632 0% /var/lock udev 257632 72 257560 1% /dev devshm 257632 52 257580 1% /dev/shm lrm 257632 40000 217632 16% /lib/modules/2.6.24-28-generic /volatile what can I do to try to hunt down whats taking up so much of my hdd? (im fairly new to unix in general so i apologize if this is not well explained)

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• 3½" PATA Western Digital Caviar SE (250MB) makes steady ticking sound when idle

  - by intuited

  I've started to notice a ticking sound emanating from my WD2500JB. It is not alarmingly loud. The sound seems to occur only when the drive has been idle for some time, and will cease upon (some?) disk activity. The sound has a regular, steady cadence of somewhere between about 4 and 6 ticks per second. I'm not entirely certain that it just started making these sounds, since I previously had the drive — mounted in a USB enclosure — stored out of earshot, and only recently moved it to where I can hear it. The SMART attributes for the drive do not indicate any problems. I did have some errors to clean up recently (since I started noticing the sounds). The errors occurred on an ext3 filesystem. The drive had been powered down while mounted a few times prior to that fsck. Is this cause for alarm? Should I scrap the drive on principle?

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• chown: changing ownership of `.': Invalid argument

  - by Pierre

  I'm trying to install some new files on our new server while our sysadmin is in holidays: Here is my df # df -h Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on /dev/sdb3 273G 11G 248G 5% / tmpfs 48G 260K 48G 1% /dev/shm /dev/sdb1 485M 187M 273M 41% /boot xxx.xx.xxx.xxx:/commun 63T 2.2T 61T 4% /commun as root , I can create a new directory and run chown under /home/lindenb # cd /home/lindenb/ # mkdir X # chown lindenb X but I cannot run the same command under /commun # cd /commun/data/users/lindenb/ # mkdir X # chown lindenb X chown: changing ownership of `X': Invalid argument why ? how can I fix this ? updated: mount: /dev/sdb3 on / type ext4 (rw) proc on /proc type proc (rw) sysfs on /sys type sysfs (rw) devpts on /dev/pts type devpts (rw,gid=5,mode=620) tmpfs on /dev/shm type tmpfs (rw) /dev/sdb1 on /boot type ext4 (rw) none on /proc/sys/fs/binfmt_misc type binfmt_misc (rw) sunrpc on /var/lib/nfs/rpc_pipefs type rpc_pipefs (rw) xxx.xx.xxx.xxx:/commun on /commun type nfs (rw,noatime,noac,hard,intr,vers=4,addr=xxx.xx.xxx.xxx,clientaddr=xxx.xx.xxx.xxx) version: $ cat /etc/redhat-release CentOS release 6.3 (Final)

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• Unmounting a zfs pool while it is shared with sharenfs

  - by Ted W.

  I have a Solaris (open indiana) system which is getting poor disk write performance. In order to enable ZIL in this version of zfs I need to add a line to /etc/system. This will not take affect until I've unmounted and remounted the zpool. The trick is that this spool is shared via nfs to about 200 other servers to host users' home directories. I can guarantee that no users will be accessing the disks during this period of maintenance but I would like to avoid having to issue an unmount for 200 systems in order to unmount the disk on the Solaris box. My question is, with sharenfs, is it necessary to have all systems disconnected before unmounting the filesystem on the host? If it's possible, how do you go about it? I've tried unmounting already, the normal way, and it reports the disk is busy. There is no lsof in Solaris and pfiles (I think that's what it was) does not show anything obviously using the mounts.

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• Ubuntu 12 Server messing up my hard disk

  - by Jeroen Jacobs

  I'm installing Ubuntu server on a disk with 12GB available. During the setup, I choose the default LVM-based partition layout. However for some reason, Ubuntu decides that it only wants to use 4GB of this disk. How do I reclaim the remaining space of the hard disk? "lvextent" doesn't work btw... output of df -h: Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on /dev/mapper/ubuntu-root 4.3G 3.4G 754M 82% / udev 3.9G 4.0K 3.9G 1% /dev tmpfs 1.6G 756K 1.6G 1% /run none 5.0M 0 5.0M 0% /run/lock none 3.9G 0 3.9G 0% /run/shm /dev/sda1 228M 25M 192M 12% /boot output of pvdisplay: --- Physical volume --- PV Name /dev/sda5 VG Name ubuntu PV Size 12.32 GiB / not usable 2.00 MiB Allocatable yes PE Size 4.00 MiB Total PE 3154 Free PE 8 Allocated PE 3146 PV UUID dD06RZ-kGcL-1tTX-Ruds-XIDG-ssMd-FIUkzZ my partitions: Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sda1 * 2048 499711 248832 83 Linux /dev/sda2 501758 26343423 12920833 5 Extended /dev/sda5 501760 26343423 12920832 8e Linux LVM when I try lvextent, it says there is not enough diskspace.

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• NTFS write speed really slow (<15MB/s) on Ubuntu

  - by Zulakis

  When copying large files or testing writespeed with dd, the max writespeed I can get is about 12-15MB/s on drives using the NTFS filesystem. I tested multiple drives (all connected using SATA) which all got writespeeds of 100MB/s+ on Windows or when formatted with ext4, so it's not an alignment or drive issue. top shows high cpu usage for the mount.ntfs process. AMD dual core processor (2.2 GHz) Kernel version: 3.5.0-23-generic Ubuntu 12.04 ntfs-3g version: both 2012.1.15AR.1 (Ubuntu default version) and 2013.1.13AR.2 How can I fix the writespeed?

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• Compiling the Linux kernel, how much size is needed?

  - by ant2009

  I have downloaded the newest most stable Linux kernel, 2.6.33.2. I thought I would test this using VirtualBox. So I create a dynamically sized harddisk of 4 GB. And installed CentOS 5.3 with just the minimum packages. I setup the make menuconfig with just the default settings. After that I ran make and got the following error: net/bluetooth/hci_sysfs.o: final close failed: No space left on device make[2]: *** [net/bluetooth/hci_sysfs.o] Error 1 make[1]: *** [net/bluetooth] Error 2 make: *** [net] Error 2 The amount of space I have left is: # df -h Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on /dev/mapper/VolGroup00-LogVol00 3.3G 3.3G 0 100% / /dev/hda1 99M 12M 82M 13% /boot tmpfs 125M 0 125M 0% /dev/shm My virtual size is 4 GB, but the actual size is 3.5 GB. $ ls -hl total 7.5G -rw-------. 1 root root 3.5G 2010-04-13 14:08 LFS.vdi How much size should I give when compiling and installing a Linux kernel? Are there any guidelines to follow when doing this? This is my first time, so just experimenting with this.

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• Can't figure out why hard drive is full [closed]

  - by Belgin Fish

  Possible Duplicate: How do I find out what is using up all the space on my / partition? No Free disk space so I have 2 hard drives in my server, one main one that is 10gb and then a separate one that is 2tb I'm storing all the files on the second one and the df -h output looks like this Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on /dev/sda2 9.2G 8.8G 0 100% / tmpfs 1.5G 0 1.5G 0% /lib/init/rw udev 1.5G 148K 1.5G 1% /dev tmpfs 1.5G 0 1.5G 0% /dev/shm /dev/sda4 1.8T 747G 981G 44% /home /dev/sda4 1.8T 747G 981G 44% /usr/lib/cgi-bin I just can't figure out why the first one is full when all the files are being stored in the /usr/lib/cgi-bin I'm running debian I can't seem to find any files that would take up 8.8gb that arn't on the second hard drive :S Thanks!

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• How can I format a USB "thumb drive" so it will be readable on OS X and Windows?

  - by Ethan

  I have an OS X system. I want to use it to put some files on a USB drive and then be able to loan the drive to Mac and XP and Vista users so they can get the files off it. I also need to wipe the drive clean first to make sure there's nothing sensitive on it by accident because I'm going to be passing it around. What the name of the filesystem format I want? What's the procedure? Command line operations are fine.

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• /var/lib/ureadahead/debugfs using up disk space

  - by Keyo

  Running Ubuntu 10.04 and nearly all my drive space is gone. # df -h Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on /dev/mapper/ubuntu-root 7.3G 6.6G 327M 96% / none 245M 240K 244M 1% /dev none 249M 0 249M 0% /dev/shm none 249M 340K 249M 1% /var/run none 249M 0 249M 0% /var/lock none 249M 0 249M 0% /lib/init/rw /dev/sda1 228M 34M 183M 16% /boot Of course it's not mounted. I read that chmod 0 /sbin/debugfs could fix the problem, but now it just won't mount despite changing the permission to 777. This is a VM running on VirtualBox. I have done a file system check which ran fine. What is this directory and how can I remove it from the system?

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• What should I know before I set up RAID 6 on Linux?

  - by Dan Ellis

  I just ordered five 1TB drives to install as a RAID 6 array in a Linux server (keeping the existing 1TB drive as a boot disk). I want to use Linux MD for RAID rather than a RAID card, to avoid lock-in. The intended use is for storing filesystems for Xen development environments and an AFP server for iPhoto/Aperture/Lightroom. What things should I know before I set it up? For example, what would be a good choice of filesystem, and what chunk size should I use?

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• df shows partition as full, but du shows it as only 25% full

  - by Jakobud

  I have a humble linux server to do some stuff for me. I only have an old 16gig drive in it. df -h Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on /dev/md1 16G 16G 0 100% / /dev/md0 121M 14M 101M 13% /boot tmpfs 502M 0 502M 0% /dev/shm but when I do: du -sh / 3.5G / So one says that my 16G drive is full. The other says only 3.5G is used. Why the discrepancy? I cannot write any new files as it says the drive is indeed full. But if I can't find the files taking up all the space on the file-system, how can I delete them to free up space?

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• Apache2 BufferedLogs On - anybody using it ?

  - by Qiqi

  Greetings, I am wondering, whether anybody is using BufferedLogs On with Apache2 and found any issues ? Feature is marked as experimental, but for many years now, so I guess it's rather pretty stable. I am running some servers with constrained disk IO capacity at the moment, so I turned it on hoping that even a small benefit could help in the long run ;-) I do have several to several hundreds requests per seconds so by my thoughts there is really no need to write to log after each request, cause honestly I don't think that my filesystem is the best handler for many unnecessary writes. (OCFS2 shared among several DomUs in the Xen)

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