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• What filesystem for shared (read/write) PC/Mac external drive?

  - by webworm

  Is there a recommended filesystem to use when sharing an external drive between the Mac and PC? I understand there are options for Macs to read/write NTFS filesystems and also for PCs to read/write HFS+ filesystems. Is there a preferred filesystem or perhaps a different filesystem that both Mac and PC and read/write? I know I could use FAT32 but some of the files I use are larger than 4 GB (i.e. Virtual Machine images)

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• Why did my flash drive become "read only" and (how) can I fix it?

  - by Bob

  I have a brand new flash drive (one week old) that has become marked as read only, by Windows, Kubuntu and a bootable partitioner. Why did this happen? Is it fixable? If it is, how can I fix this? The problem Firstly, this drive is new. It's certainly not been used enough to die from normal wear and tear, though I would not discount defective components. The drive itself has somehow become locked in a read only state. Windows' Disk management: Diskpart: Generic Flash Disk USB Device Disk ID: 33FA33FA Type : USB Status : Online Path : 0 Target : 0 LUN ID : 0 Location Path : UNAVAILABLE Current Read-only State : Yes Read-only : No Boot Disk : No Pagefile Disk : No Hibernation File Disk : No Crashdump Disk : No Clustered Disk : No What really confuses me is Current Read-only State : Yes and Read-only : No. Attempted solutions So far, I've tried: Formatting it in Windows (in Disk management, the format options are greyed out when right clicking). DiskPart Clean (CLEAN - Clear the configuration information, or all information, off the disk.): DISKPART> clean DiskPart has encountered an error: The media is write protected. See the System Event Log for more information. There was nothing in the event log. Windows command line format >format G: Insert new disk for drive G: and press ENTER when ready... The type of the file system is FAT32. Verifying 7740M Cannot format. This volume is write protected. Windows chkdsk: see below for details Kubuntu fsck (through VirtualBox USB passthrough): see below for details Acronis True Image to format, to convert to GPT, to destroy and rebuild MBR, basically anything: failed (could not write to MBR) Details (and a nice story) Background This was a brand new, generic, 8GB flash drive I wanted to create a multiboot flash drive with. It came formatted as FAT32, though oddly a little larger than most 8 GIGAbyte flash drives I've come across. Approximately 127MB was listed as "used" by Windows. I never discovered why. The end usable space was about what I normally expect from a 8GB drive (approx 7.4 GIBIbytes). I had thrown quite a few Linux distros on, along with a copy of Hiren's. They would all boot perfectly. They were put on with YUMI. When I tried to put the Knoppix DVD on, YUMI added an odd video option to its boot comman which caused Knoppix to boot with a black screen on X. ttys 1 through 6 still worked as text only interfaces. A few days later, I took some time to take that odd video option off, making the boot command match the one that comes with Knoppix. On the attempt to boot, Knoppix reported some form of LZMA corruption. Leading up to the current issue I was thinking the Knoppix files may have been corrupted somehow, so I tried reloading it. The drive was nearly full (45MB free), so I deleted a generic ISO that also was not booting. That went fine. I then went through YUMI to 'uninstall' Knoppix, i.e. delete files and remove from the menus. The files went first, then the menus were cleared successfully. However, the free space was stuck at about 700MB, same as it was before removing Knoppix. In the old Knoppix folder, there was a 0 byte file named KNOPPIX that could not be deleted. I tried reinserting the drive to delete this file - without safely removing, if that made a difference (hey, first time for everything). Running the standard Windows chkdsk scan without /r or /f reported errors found. Running with /r just got it stuck. I decided to give fsck a shot, so I loaded up my Kubuntu VM and attached the drive to it with VirtualBox's USB 2.0 passthrough. I umounted it (/dev/sda1) and ran a fsck. There are differences between boot sector and its backup. I chose No action. It told me FATs differ and asked me to select either the first or second FAT. Whichever I selected, I got a notice of Free cluster summary wrong. If I chose Correct, it gave a list of incorrect file names. To try to fix something, at least, I ran it with the -p option. Halfway through fixing the files, the VM froze - I ended its process about ten minutes later. Cause? My next attempt was to use YUMI, again, to rebuild the whole drive. I used YUMI's built in reformat (to FAT32) option and installed a Kubuntu ISO (700MB). The format was successful, however, the extract and copy of Kubuntu (which YUMI uses a 7zip binary for) froze at about 60% done. After waiting for about fifteen minutes (longer than the 3.5GB Knoppix ISO took last time), I pulled the drive out. The drive at this point was already formatted, SYSLINUX already installed, just waiting on the unpacking of an ISO and the modifying of the boot menus. Plugging it back in, it came up as normal - however, any write action would fail. Disk management reported it as read only. On reconnect, it would come up as normal but a write operation would cause it to go read only again. After a few attempts, it started coming up as read only on insertion. Attempts to fix This is when I ran through the attempts listed above, to try and reformat it in case of a faulty format. However the inability to do so even on a bootable disk indicated something more serious is wrong. chkdsk now reports nothing is wrong, and fsck still reports MBR inconsistencies, but now always chooses first FAT automatically after telling me FATs differ. It still does the same Free cluster summary wrong afterwards. I cannot run with -p anymore because it is now marked as read only. It also managed to corrupt my VM's disk somehow on the first attempt (yes, I'm sure I chose sda, which is mapped to a 7.4GB drive - I triple checked). Thank god for snapshots? I'm just about out of ideas. To my inexperienced mind it looks like something in the drive's firmware set it to read only "permanently" somehow - is there any way to reset this? I don't particularly care about keeping data, considering I've reformatted it twice. Also, fixes that keep me in Windows are better; it reduces the risk of me accidentally nuking my main hard drive. Update 1: I pulled apart the drive out of curiosity. As you can see, there are no obvious write protect switches. There is an IC on the other side, ALCOR branded labelled AU6989HL, if that matters. If there appears to be no way to fix this, I'll probably pull out the (glued down) card and put it in a card reader to check if it's the card or the controller that died. Update 2: I've pulled the card off, Windows detects the drive as a card reader now. The contacts on the card don't appear to be used, and there are several rows of holes on the card itself. Putting it into the card reader only detects about 30MB total, RAW. It's probably either the reader incorrectly reporting the card as faulty (as if a real SD card's write protect was switched on) or a bad contact somewhere. If nothing else, I have a spare 8GB Micro SD card now... as soon as I figure out how to format it as 8GB.

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• SQL SERVER – Simple Demo of New Cardinality Estimation Features of SQL Server 2014

  - by Pinal Dave

  SQL Server 2014 has new cardinality estimation logic/algorithm. The cardinality estimation logic is responsible for quality of query plans and majorly responsible for improving performance for any query. This logic was not updated for quite a while, but in the latest version of SQL Server 2104 this logic is re-designed. The new logic now incorporates various assumptions and algorithms of OLTP and warehousing workload. Cardinality estimates are a prediction of the number of rows in the query result. The query optimizer uses these estimates to choose a plan for executing the query. The quality of the query plan has a direct impact on improving query performance. ~ Souce MSDN Let us see a quick example of how cardinality improves performance for a query. I will be using the AdventureWorks database for my example. Before we start with this demonstration, remember that even though you have SQL Server 2014 to see the effect of new cardinality estimates, you will need your database compatibility mode set to 120 which is for SQL Server 2014. If your server instance of SQL Server 2014 but you have set up your database compatibility mode to 110 or any other earlier version, you will get performance from your query like older version of SQL Server. Now we will execute following query in two different compatibility mode and see its performance. (Note that my SQL Server instance is of version 2014). USE AdventureWorks2014 GO -- ------------------------------- -- NEW Cardinality Estimation ALTER DATABASE AdventureWorks2014 SET COMPATIBILITY_LEVEL = 120 GO EXEC [dbo].[uspGetManagerEmployees] 44 GO -- ------------------------------- -- Old Cardinality Estimation ALTER DATABASE AdventureWorks2014 SET COMPATIBILITY_LEVEL = 110 GO EXEC [dbo].[uspGetManagerEmployees] 44 GO Result of Statistics IO Compatibility level 120 Table ‘Person’. Scan count 0, logical reads 6, physical reads 0, read-ahead reads 0, lob logical reads 0, lob physical reads 0, lob read-ahead reads 0. Table ‘Employee’. Scan count 2, logical reads 7, physical reads 0, read-ahead reads 0, lob logical reads 0, lob physical reads 0, lob read-ahead reads 0. Table ‘Worktable’. Scan count 0, logical reads 0, physical reads 0, read-ahead reads 0, lob logical reads 0, lob physical reads 0, lob read-ahead reads 0. Table ‘Worktable’. Scan count 2, logical reads 7, physical reads 0, read-ahead reads 0, lob logical reads 0, lob physical reads 0, lob read-ahead reads 0. Compatibility level 110 Table ‘Worktable’. Scan count 2, logical reads 7, physical reads 0, read-ahead reads 0, lob logical reads 0, lob physical reads 0, lob read-ahead reads 0. Table ‘Person’. Scan count 0, logical reads 137, physical reads 0, read-ahead reads 0, lob logical reads 0, lob physical reads 0, lob read-ahead reads 0. Table ‘Employee’. Scan count 2, logical reads 7, physical reads 0, read-ahead reads 0, lob logical reads 0, lob physical reads 0, lob read-ahead reads 0. Table ‘Worktable’. Scan count 0, logical reads 0, physical reads 0, read-ahead reads 0, lob logical reads 0, lob physical reads 0, lob read-ahead reads 0. You will notice in the case of compatibility level 110 there 137 logical read from table person where as in the case of compatibility level 120 there are only 6 physical reads from table person. This drastically improves the performance of the query. If we enable execution plan, we can see the same as well. I hope you will find this quick example helpful. You can read more about this in my latest Pluralsight Course. Reference: Pinal Dave (http://blog.SQLAuthority.com)Filed under: PostADay, SQL, SQL Authority, SQL Query, SQL Server, SQL Tips and Tricks, T SQL

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• Why we need to read() before write() in TCP server program?

  - by Naga

  Hi, As per my understanding a simple TCP server will be coded as follows. socket() - bind() - listen() - accept() - read() - write() The clients will be written as follows. socket() - bind()(Optional) - connect() - write() - read() Please note the order difference in read() and write() calls between client and server program. Is it a requirement to always read() before write() in a server program and if, then why? Thanks, Naga

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• How do I override file.write() under Python 3?

  - by Sorin Sbarnea

  Below works on Python 2.6 but on Python 3.x it doesn't: old_file_write = file.write class file(): def write(self, d): if isinstance(d, types.bytes): self.buffer.write(d) else: old_file_write(d) # ... do something like f = open("x") f.write("...") The problems is that with Python 3.x the first like will generate an error: NameError: name 'file' is not defined How can I make this work on Python 3.x? PS. In fact I'm looking for a solution that will work on both versions.

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• Company wants to write custom project management tool, rather then use third party product.

  - by Jason Evans

  At the company I work, we are really wanting to get into the agile methodology for developing software. One thing that I'm not excited about is the fact that management wants us to build a custom project management feature inside the company's Intranet. I think this is a total waste of time. There are many great third party tools available (e.g. Axosoft OnTime) that can do everything we need, and more. For how much development time it would cost us to build our own project management module, we could buy numerous licences for a third party product. One concern is that, whilst we are writing code for a client, and using our custom Intranet project management module, we find bugs in the module that need fixing ASAP. That means having to stop work on the client code to fix the Intranet. That just puts shivers down my spine. Another worry I have is lack of functionality. This custom module is going to be so basic, that it will just feel really crap to use. That might sound a bit snooty, but for goodness sake, many third party tools are so feature rich, that the idea of having to write our own tool makes feel very uneasy. In fact, I can't be bothered. What do you guys think? I'm going to raise this issue with my boss, since I feel it's such an important topic to talk about. EDIT: Thanks for the great responses, much appreciated. To summarize some of them: Money Naturally my boss does want to save money, by not forking out a few hundred £'s for licences. However, for us to write a custom tool, it will take x number of days, multiplied by approx £500, which is our costs. I don't see the business value in this. Management have mentioned that they want to sell the Intranet as a product in the future, but it's so custom to our needs (and downright basic), that in order to give it to another client, I can see us having to fork a version of the code and rebuild the majority of it anyway. So it's not like we're gaining anything there in reuse. Features Having our own custom module means not feature bloat - only the functionality we require will be in the product. My issue is that there are plenty of free, open-source project management tools out there with minimal features already. So even if cost is an issue, we could look into open-source. Again it all boils down to the fact that I don't see the point in writing a project management tool in this day and age. It's a bit like writing your own web browser - why?, what's the point? Although management are asking for this tool, just because they are, it does not mean I'm going to please them and do it just because they asked for it. If something does not make sense, then I will raise it as a concern. At the end of the day, it's the developers who write the code, it's the developers who make money for a business. Thus, as far I'm concerned, the devs have a very big role in deciding how a company should manage projects and what tools are used. "I am Spartan, argh!" :) Hmm, I've not been able to make this question a wiki for some reason, thus I'm going to have to pick an answer to accept. Cheers. Jas.

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• Umbraco Permissions Script - Secure Version

  - by Vizioz Limited

  Back in May I blogged about how to set Permissions for Umbraco using SetACL to set the appropriate directory permissions based on the installation recommendations.Recently I have been working on a site for a client who wanted every security item to be locked down as tightly as possible. And so I modified the script based on the Umbraco security best practices, I thought I'd share it with everyone, if I have missed anything, or if anyone has any suggestions on how to improve this, please let me know :)Please refer to my previous post regarding the SetAcl command line application that you will need.I suggest you save the following into a batch file called: umbPermSecure.batecho offREM Script to setup the Security Permissions for an Umbraco siteREM This script will give your machine Network Service the minimum rights requiredREM for Umbraco to workREM I suggest you update this script to also remove any users who do not need REM access to the web foldersREM **** Pre-requisites ****REM You will need to download - http://setacl.sourceforge.net/REM It is assumed that you have stored SetACL in a directory called, C:\SetACL ifREM not, you will need to modify the script.REM **** Usage ****REM You need to pass in the path for the root of your Umbraco directoryREM E.g. umbPermSecure.bat C:\inetpub\umbracoroot@echo umbPermSecure.bat - Script to set Umbraco File and Directory Permissions@echo based on the Umbraco Security Best Practices Document (13th March 2009)@echo Published by Chris Houston - 19th October 2009@echo http://blog.vizioz.com@echo Adding READ only access SetACL.exe -on "%1" -ot file -actn ace -ace "n:%computername%\NETWORK SERVICE;p:read" -actn clear -clr "dacl,sacl" -log "c:\setacl\log.txt"SetACL.exe -on "%1\web.config" -ot file -actn ace -ace "n:%computername%\NETWORK SERVICE;p:read" -actn clear -clr "dacl,sacl" -log "c:\setacl\log.txt"SetACL.exe -on "%1\bin" -ot file -actn ace -ace "n:%computername%\NETWORK SERVICE;p:read" -actn clear -clr "dacl,sacl" -log "c:\setacl\log.txt"SetACL.exe -on "%1\umbraco" -ot file -actn ace -ace "n:%computername%\NETWORK SERVICE;p:read" -actn clear -clr "dacl,sacl" -log "c:\setacl\log.txt"@echo Adding READ and EXECUTE access SetACL.exe -on "%1\app_code" -ot file -actn ace -ace "n:%computername%\NETWORK SERVICE;p:read_ex" -actn clear -clr "dacl,sacl" -log "c:\setacl\log.txt"SetACL.exe -on "%1\usercontrols" -ot file -actn ace -ace "n:%computername%\NETWORK SERVICE;p:read_ex" -actn clear -clr "dacl,sacl" -log "c:\setacl\log.txt"@echo Adding READ, WRITE and MODIFY access SetACL.exe -on "%1\config" -ot file -actn ace -ace "n:%computername%\NETWORK SERVICE;p:read" -ace "n:%computername%\NETWORK SERVICE;p:change" -actn clear -clr "dacl,sacl" -log "c:\setacl\log.txt"SetACL.exe -on "%1\css" -ot file -actn ace -ace "n:%computername%\NETWORK SERVICE;p:read" -ace "n:%computername%\NETWORK SERVICE;p:change" -actn clear -clr "dacl,sacl" -log "c:\setacl\log.txt"SetACL.exe -on "%1\data" -ot file -actn ace -ace "n:%computername%\NETWORK SERVICE;p:read" -ace "n:%computername%\NETWORK SERVICE;p:change" -actn clear -clr "dacl,sacl" -log "c:\setacl\log.txt"SetACL.exe -on "%1\masterpages" -ot file -actn ace -ace "n:%computername%\NETWORK SERVICE;p:read" -ace "n:%computername%\NETWORK SERVICE;p:change" -actn clear -clr "dacl,sacl" -log "c:\setacl\log.txt"SetACL.exe -on "%1\media" -ot file -actn ace -ace "n:%computername%\NETWORK SERVICE;p:read" -ace "n:%computername%\NETWORK SERVICE;p:change" -actn clear -clr "dacl,sacl" -log "c:\setacl\log.txt"SetACL.exe -on "%1\python" -ot file -actn ace -ace "n:%computername%\NETWORK SERVICE;p:read" -ace "n:%computername%\NETWORK SERVICE;p:change" -actn clear -clr "dacl,sacl" -log "c:\setacl\log.txt"SetACL.exe -on "%1\scripts" -ot file -actn ace -ace "n:%computername%\NETWORK SERVICE;p:read" -ace "n:%computername%\NETWORK SERVICE;p:change" -actn clear -clr "dacl,sacl" -log "c:\setacl\log.txt"SetACL.exe -on "%1\xslt" -ot file -actn ace -ace "n:%computername%\NETWORK SERVICE;p:read" -ace "n:%computername%\NETWORK SERVICE;p:change" -actn clear -clr "dacl,sacl" -log "c:\setacl\log.txt"

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• How can I learn to effectively write Pythonic code?

  - by Matt Fenwick

  I'm tired of getting downvoted and/or semi-rude comments on my Python answers, saying things like "this isn't Pythonic" or "that's not the Python way of doing things". To clarify, I'm not tired of getting corrected and downvoted, and I'm not tired of being wrong: I'm tired of feeling like there's a whole field of Python that I know nothing about, and seems to be implicit knowledge of experienced Python programmers. Doing a google search for "Pythonic" reveals a wide range of interpretations. The wikipedia page says: A common neologism in the Python community is pythonic, which can have a wide range of meanings related to program style. To say that code is pythonic is to say that it uses Python idioms well, that it is natural or shows fluency in the language. Likewise, to say of an interface or language feature that it is pythonic is to say that it works well with Python idioms, that its use meshes well with the rest of the language. It also discusses the term "unpythonic": In contrast, a mark of unpythonic code is that it attempts to write C++ (or Lisp, Perl, or Java) code in Python—that is, provides a rough transcription rather than an idiomatic translation of forms from another language. The concept of pythonicity is tightly bound to Python's minimalist philosophy of readability and avoiding the "there's more than one way to do it" approach. Unreadable code or incomprehensible idioms are unpythonic. I suspect one way to learn the Pythonic way is just to program in Python a whole bunch. But I bet I could write a bunch of crap and not improve that much without some guidance, whereas a good resource might speed up the learning process significantly. PEP 8 might be exactly what I'm looking for, or maybe not. I'm not sure; on the one hand it covers a lot of ground, but on the other hand, I feel like it's more suited as a reference for knowledgeable programmers than a tutorial for fresh 'uns. How do I get my foot in the Pythonic/Python way of doing things door?

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• PowerShell Script to Enumerate SharePoint 2010 or 2013 Permissions and Active Directory Group Membership

  - by Brian T. Jackett

  Originally posted on: http://geekswithblogs.net/bjackett/archive/2013/07/01/powershell-script-to-enumerate-sharepoint-2010-or-2013-permissions-and.aspx   In this post I will present a script to enumerate SharePoint 2010 or 2013 permissions across the entire farm down to the site (SPWeb) level.  As a bonus this script also recursively expands the membership of any Active Directory (AD) group including nested groups which you wouldn’t be able to find through the SharePoint UI.   History     Back in 2009 (over 4 years ago now) I published one my most read blog posts about enumerating SharePoint 2007 permissions.  I finally got around to updating that script to remove deprecated APIs, supporting the SharePoint 2010 commandlets, and fixing a few bugs.  There are 2 things that script did that I had to remove due to major architectural or procedural changes in the script. Indenting the XML output Ability to search for a specific user    I plan to add back the ability to search for a specific user but wanted to get this version published first.  As for indenting the XML that could be added but would take some effort.  If there is user demand for it (let me know in the comments or email me using the contact button at top of blog) I’ll move it up in priorities.    As a side note you may also notice that I’m not using the Active Directory commandlets.  This was a conscious decision since not all environments have them available.  Instead I’m relying on the older [ADSI] type accelerator and APIs.  It does add a significant amount of code to the script but it is necessary for compatibility.  Hopefully in a few years if I need to update again I can remove that legacy code.   Solution    Below is the script to enumerate SharePoint 2010 and 2013 permissions down to site level.  You can also download it from my SkyDrive account or my posting on the TechNet Script Center Repository. SkyDrive TechNet Script Center Repository http://gallery.technet.microsoft.com/scriptcenter/Enumerate-SharePoint-2010-35976bdb   001 002 003 004 005 006 007 008 009 010 011 012 013 014 015 016 017 018 019 020 021 022 023 024 025 026 027 028 029 030 031 032 033 034 035 036 037 038 039 040 041 042 043 044 045 046 047 048 049 050 051 052 053 054 055 056 057 058 059 060 061 062 063 064 065 066 067 068 069 070 071 072 073 074 075 076 077 078 079 080 081 082 083 084 085 086 087 088 089 090 091 092 093 094 095 096 097 098 099 100 101 102 103 104 105 106 107 108 109 110 111 112 113 114 115 116 117 118 119 120 121 122 123 124 125 126 127 128 129 130 131 132 133 134 135 136 137 138 139 140 141 142 143 144 145 146 147 148 149 150 151 152 153 154 155 156 157 158 159 160 161 162 163 164 165 166 167 168 169 ########################################################### #DisplaySPWebApp8.ps1 # #Author: Brian T. Jackett #Last Modified Date: 2013-07-01 # #Traverse the entire web app site by site to display # hierarchy and users with permissions to site. ########################################################### function Expand-ADGroupMembership {     Param     (         [Parameter(Mandatory=$true,                    Position=0)]         [string]         $ADGroupName,         [Parameter(Position=1)]         [string]         $RoleBinding     )     Process     {         $roleBindingText = ""         if(-not [string]::IsNullOrEmpty($RoleBinding))         {             $roleBindingText = " RoleBindings=`"$roleBindings`""         }         Write-Output "<ADGroup Name=`"$($ADGroupName)`"$roleBindingText>"         $domain = $ADGroupName.substring(0, $ADGroupName.IndexOf("\") + 1)         $groupName = $ADGroupName.Remove(0, $ADGroupName.IndexOf("\") + 1)                                     #BEGIN - CODE ADAPTED FROM SCRIPT CENTER SAMPLE CODE REPOSITORY         #http://www.microsoft.com/technet/scriptcenter/scripts/powershell/search/users/srch106.mspx         #GET AD GROUP FROM DIRECTORY SERVICES SEARCH         $strFilter = "(&(objectCategory=Group)(name="+($groupName)+"))"         $objDomain = New-Object System.DirectoryServices.DirectoryEntry         $objSearcher = New-Object System.DirectoryServices.DirectorySearcher         $objSearcher.SearchRoot = $objDomain         $objSearcher.Filter = $strFilter         # specify properties to be returned         $colProplist = ("name","member","objectclass")         foreach ($i in $colPropList)         {             $catcher = $objSearcher.PropertiesToLoad.Add($i)         }         $colResults = $objSearcher.FindAll()         #END - CODE ADAPTED FROM SCRIPT CENTER SAMPLE CODE REPOSITORY         foreach ($objResult in $colResults)         {             if($objResult.Properties["Member"] -ne $null)             {                 foreach ($member in $objResult.Properties["Member"])                 {                     $indMember = [adsi] "LDAP://$member"                     $fullMemberName = $domain + ($indMember.Name)                                         #if($indMember["objectclass"]                         # if child AD group continue down chain                         if(($indMember | Select-Object -ExpandProperty objectclass) -contains "group")                         {                             Expand-ADGroupMembership -ADGroupName $fullMemberName                         }                         elseif(($indMember | Select-Object -ExpandProperty objectclass) -contains "user")                         {                             Write-Output "<ADUser>$fullMemberName</ADUser>"                         }                 }             }         }                 Write-Output "</ADGroup>"     } } #end Expand-ADGroupMembership # main portion of script if((Get-PSSnapin -Name microsoft.sharepoint.powershell) -eq $null) {     Add-PSSnapin Microsoft.SharePoint.PowerShell } $farm = Get-SPFarm Write-Output "<Farm Guid=`"$($farm.Id)`">" $webApps = Get-SPWebApplication foreach($webApp in $webApps) {     Write-Output "<WebApplication URL=`"$($webApp.URL)`" Name=`"$($webApp.Name)`">"     foreach($site in $webApp.Sites)     {         Write-Output "<SiteCollection URL=`"$($site.URL)`">"                 foreach($web in $site.AllWebs)         {             Write-Output "<Site URL=`"$($web.URL)`">"             # if site inherits permissions from parent then stop processing             if($web.HasUniqueRoleAssignments -eq $false)             {                 Write-Output "<!-- Inherits role assignments from parent -->"             }             # else site has unique permissions             else             {                 foreach($assignment in $web.RoleAssignments)                 {                     if(-not [string]::IsNullOrEmpty($assignment.Member.Xml))                     {                         $roleBindings = ($assignment.RoleDefinitionBindings | Select-Object -ExpandProperty name) -join ","                         # check if assignment is SharePoint Group                         if($assignment.Member.XML.StartsWith('<Group') -eq "True")                         {                             Write-Output "<SPGroup Name=`"$($assignment.Member.Name)`" RoleBindings=`"$roleBindings`">"                             foreach($SPGroupMember in $assignment.Member.Users)                             {                                 # if SharePoint group member is an AD Group                                 if($SPGroupMember.IsDomainGroup)                                 {                                     Expand-ADGroupMembership -ADGroupName $SPGroupMember.Name                                 }                                 # else SharePoint group member is an AD User                                 else                                 {                                     # remove claim portion of user login                                     #Write-Output "<ADUser>$($SPGroupMember.UserLogin.Remove(0,$SPGroupMember.UserLogin.IndexOf("|") + 1))</ADUser>"                                     Write-Output "<ADUser>$($SPGroupMember.UserLogin)</ADUser>"                                 }                             }                             Write-Output "</SPGroup>"                         }                         # else an indivdually listed AD group or user                         else                         {                             if($assignment.Member.IsDomainGroup)                             {                                 Expand-ADGroupMembership -ADGroupName $assignment.Member.Name -RoleBinding $roleBindings                             }                             else                             {                                 # remove claim portion of user login                                 #Write-Output "<ADUser>$($assignment.Member.UserLogin.Remove(0,$assignment.Member.UserLogin.IndexOf("|") + 1))</ADUser>"                                                                 Write-Output "<ADUser RoleBindings=`"$roleBindings`">$($assignment.Member.UserLogin)</ADUser>"                             }                         }                     }                 }             }             Write-Output "</Site>"             $web.Dispose()         }         Write-Output "</SiteCollection>"         $site.Dispose()     }     Write-Output "</WebApplication>" } Write-Output "</Farm>"      The output from the script can be sent to an XML which you can then explore using the [XML] type accelerator.  This lets you explore the XML structure however you see fit.  See the screenshot below for an example.      If you do view the XML output through a text editor (Notepad++ for me) notice the format.  Below we see a SharePoint site that has a SharePoint group Demo Members with Edit permissions assigned.  Demo Members has an AD group corp\developers as a member.  corp\developers has a child AD group called corp\DevelopersSub with 1 AD user in that sub group.  As you can see the script recursively expands the AD hierarchy.   Conclusion    It took me 4 years to finally update this script but I‘m happy to get this published.  I was able to fix a number of errors and smooth out some rough edges.  I plan to develop this into a more full fledged tool over the next year with more features and flexibility (copy permissions, search for individual user or group, optional enumerate lists / items, etc.).  If you have any feedback, feature requests, or issues running it please let me know.  Enjoy the script!         -Frog Out

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• How can a non-technical person learn to write a spec for small projects?

  - by Joseph Turian

  How can a non-technical person learn to write specs for small projects? A friend of mine is trying to outsource some development on a statistics project. In particular, he does a lot of work in excel, and wants to outsource the creation of scripts to do what he now does by hand. However, my friend is extremely non-technical. He is poor at writing technical specs. When he does write a spec, it is written the way you would describe doing something in excel (go to this cell and then copy the value to that cell). It is also overly verbose, and does examples several times. I'm not sure if he properly describes corner cases. The first project he outsourced was a failure. I think he overdescribed some details, but underdescribed corner cases. That and/or the coder he hired didn't think through the corner cases and ask appropriate questions. I'm not sure. I got on IM with him and it took me half an hour to dig out a description that should have taken five minutes or less to describe. I wrote the scripts for him at the end, but didn't examine why his process with the coder failed. He has asked me for help. However, I refuse to get involved, because taking his spec and translating it into clear requirements is 10x more work than executing on a clearly written spec. What is the right way for him to learn? Are there resources he could use? Are there ways he can learn from small, low-pressure practice projects with coders? Most of his scripts are statistical and data processing oriented. e.g. take this column and run an average over it. Remove these rows under these conditions. So the challenge is different than spec'ing a web app.

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• How can a non-technical person can learn to write a spec for small projects?

  - by Joseph Turian

  How can a non-technical person learn to write specs for small projects? A friend of mine is trying to outsource some development on a statistics project. In particular, he does a lot of work in excel, and wants to outsource the creation of scripts to do what he now does by hand. However, my friend is extremely non-technical. He is poor at writing technical specs. When he does write a spec, it is written the way you would describe doing something in excel (go to this cell and then copy the value to that cell). It is also overly verbose, and does examples several times. I'm not sure if he properly describes corner cases. The first project he outsourced was a failure. I think he overdescribed some details, but underdescribed corner cases. That and/or the coder he hired didn't think through the corner cases and ask appropriate questions. I'm not sure. I got on IM with him and it took me half an hour to dig out a description that should have taken five minutes or less to describe. I wrote the scripts for him at the end, but didn't examine why his process with the coder failed. He has asked me for help. However, I refuse to get involved, because taking his spec and translating it into clear requirements is 10x more work than executing on a clearly written spec. What is the right way for him to learn? Are there resources he could use? Are there ways he can learn from small, low-pressure practice projects with coders? [edit: Most of his scripts are statistical and data processing oriented. e.g. take this column and run an average over it. Remove these rows under these conditions. So the challenge is different than spec'ing a web app.]

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• What is the best drink to drink when you have read nonsense questions on programmers?

  - by stefan

  I am having a hard time deciding what drink to drink after I have read a nonsense question on programmers.stackexchange. It's either Beer och Whisky; The beer is nice since you can down it some what relaxed but some times I feel the need for something "stronger" because the question is so utterly nonsense and stupid. Every time I have read a stupid / nonsense question on programmers.stackexchange.com I've questioned myself why I didnt write some code instead. I couldve probably written countless lines of codes, together probably building a new Facebook or Linux by now. But instead I sacrificed my precious time reading questions that shouldn't have been posted on the internet. It really makes me frustrating, I guess that is why I am so often considering the whisky part instead of beer. Since beer will maybe not calm me down enough and then I have to take the whisky too, together it's a) slightly more expensive and b) more time consuming. So, what is the best drink?

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• Do you tend to write your own name or your company name in your code?

  - by Connell Watkins

  I've been working on various projects at home and at work, and over the years I've developed two main APIs that I use in almost all AJAX based websites. I've compiled both of these into DLLs and called the namespaces Connell.Database and Connell.Json. My boss recently saw these namespaces in a software documentation for a project for the company and said I shouldn't be using my own name in the code. (But it's my code!) One thing to bear in mind is that we're not a software company. We're an IT support company, and I'm the only full-time software developer here, so there's not really any procedures on how we should write software in the company. Another thing to bear in mind is that I do intend on one day releasing these DLLs as open-source projects. How do other developers group their namespaces within their company? Does anyone use the same class libraries in personal and in work projects? Also does this work the other way round? If I write a class library entirely at work, who owns that code? If I've seen the library through from start to finish, designed it and programmed it. Can I use that for another project at home? Thanks, Update I've spoken to my boss about this issue and he agrees that they're my objects and he's fine for me to open-source them. Before this conversation I started changing the objects anyway, which was actually quite productive and the code now suits this specific project more-so than it did previously. But thank you to everyone involved for a very interesting debate. I hope all this text isn't wasted and someone learns from it. I certainly did. Cheers,

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• Can a candidate be judged by asking to write a complex program on "paper"?

  - by iammilind

  Sometime back in an interview, I was asked to write following program: In a keypad of a mobile phone, there is a mapping between number and characters. e.g. 0 & 1 corresponds to nothing; 2 corresponds to 'a','b','c'; 3 corresponds to 'd','e','f'; ...; 9 corresponds to 'w','x','y','z'. User should input any number (e.g. 23, 389423, 927348923747293) and I should store all the combinations of these character mapping into some data structure. For example, if user enters "23" then possible character combinations are: ad, ae, af, bd, be, bf, cd, ce, cf or if user enters, "4676972" then it can be, gmpmwpa, gmpmwpb, ..., hnroxrc, ..., iosozrc Interviewer told that people have written code for this within 20-30 mins!! Also he insisted I have to write on paper. If I am writing a code then my tendency is as of I am writing production code, even though it may not be expected from me. So, I always try to think all the aspects like, optimization, readability, maintainability, extensible and so on. Considering all these, I felt that I should be writing on PC and it needs decent 2 hours. Finally after 25 mins, I was able to come up with just the concept and some shattered pieces of code (not to mention of my rejection). My question is not the answer for the above program. I want to know that is this a right way to judge the caliber of a person ? Am I wrong / too slow in the estimates ? Am I too idealistic ?

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• Do you tend to write your own name or your company name in your code?

  - by Connell Watkins

  I've been working on various projects at home and at work, and over the years I've developed two main APIs that I use in almost all AJAX based websites. I've compiled both of these into DLLs and called the namespaces Connell.Database and Connell.Json. My boss recently saw these namespaces in a software documentation for a project for the company and said I shouldn't be using my own name in the code. (But it's my code!) One thing to bear in mind is that we're not a software company. We're an IT support company, and I'm the only full-time software developer here, so there's not really any procedures on how we should write software in the company. Another thing to bear in mind is that I do intend on one day releasing these DLLs as open-source projects. How do other developers group their namespaces within their company? Does anyone use the same class libraries in personal and in work projects? Also does this work the other way round? If I write a class library entirely at work, who owns that code? If I've seen the library through from start to finish, designed it and programmed it. Can I use that for another project at home? Thanks, Update I've spoken to my boss about this issue and he agrees that they're my objects and he's fine for me to open-source them. Before this conversation I started changing the objects anyway, which was actually quite productive and the code now suits this specific project more-so than it did previously. But thank you to everyone involved for a very interesting debate. I hope all this text isn't wasted and someone learns from it. I certainly did. Cheers,

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• How are typical users expected to read the documentation in /usr/share/doc?

  - by ændrük

  I only recently learned that there is a huge pile of documentation in /usr/share/doc. How on earth is a typical user supposed to find out about that? It seems like much of it is gzipped, and inaccessible with administrative privileges: $ gunzip examples/letter.tex.gz gzip: examples/letter.tex: Permission denied Are users expected to duplicate each item in their home directory just to read it, or is there a less tedious solution? This arrangement hardly seems conducive to regular browsing. How do normal people read this documentation?

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• If you favor "T *var", do you ever write "T*"?

  - by Roger Pate

  Thinking about where we place our asterisks; how do those that prefer to keep the "pointerness" away from the type and with the identifier (int *i) write code when the identifier is missing? void f(int*); // 1 void f(int *); // 2 The former seems much more common, no matter what your preference when with the identifier. Is this a special case? What makes it an exception? However, the first still isn't universal, because I have seen the latter style. Besides consistency along the lines of "there's always a space with the identifier, so we have one without", are there any other reasons to prefer it? What about casts or array and function types? How would you re-write these: (void*)var /*or*/ (void *)var int[3] /*or*/ int [3] // more relevant in C++ than C: Example<int[3]> void(int) /*or*/ void (int) // more relevant in C++ than C: std::function<void(int)> The latter two would rarely, if ever, be used in C, but are seen with C++ templates.

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• firefox: How to enable local javascript to read/write files on my PC?

  - by Nok Imchen

  well, since greasemonkey cant read/write files from local hard disk. I've heard people suggesting Google gears but i've no idea obout gears :( So, what i've decided is to add a script type="text/javascript" src="file:///c:/test.js"/script Now, this test will use FileSystemObject to read/write file. Since, the "file:///c:/test.js" is a javascript file from local hard disk, so it should probable be able to read/write file on my local hard disk. I tried it but firefox prevented the "file:///c:/test.js" script to read/write files from local diak :( What i want to know is: Is there any setting in firefox about:config where we can specify to let a particular script, say from localfile or xyz.com, to have read/write permission on my local disk files??

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• How it is called when write or read return less that requested?

  - by Vi

  What term should I use to describe situations (or bugs in software) caused by read, write, send, recv doing less work than expected? For example, write(fd, "123456", 6); may return 3 and we need to write "456" to finish our work. I expect any good program should do all their reads and writes in a loop until without relying that write will write everything. Am I right? /* Implemented simple FUSE filesystem which only allows reading and writing with small buffers, very often returning that it is written less bytes that in a buffer. Some programs work, some not. Are them buggy? */

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• Why do socket.makefile objects fail after the first read for UDP sockets?

  - by Eli Courtwright

  I'm using the socket.makefile method to create a file-like object on a UDP socket for the purposes of reading. When I receive a UDP packet, I can read the entire contents of the packet all at once by using the read method, but if I try to split it up into multiple reads, my program hangs. Here's a program which demonstrates this problem: import socket from sys import argv SERVER_ADDR = ("localhost", 12345) sock = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_DGRAM) sock.setsockopt(socket.SOL_SOCKET, socket.SO_REUSEADDR, 1) sock.bind(SERVER_ADDR) f = sock.makefile("rb") sock.sendto("HelloWorld", SERVER_ADDR) if "--all" in argv: print f.read(10) else: print f.read(5) print f.read(5) If I run the above program with the --all option, then it works perfectly and prints HelloWorld. If I run it without that option, it prints Hello and then hangs on the second read. I do not have this problem with socket.makefile objects when using TCP sockets. Why is this happening and what can I do to stop it?

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• Prolog check if

  - by NickLee

  I'm creating a text adventure game on SWI-Prolog and I want to include (some kind of) dialogs. What I have so far is: dialog1(1):- nl,write('blah blah'),nl write('a: this is answer a'),nl, write('b: this is answer b'),nl. a:- write('respond to answer a'),nl. b:- write('respond to answer b'),nl. That's pretty much the first dialog. Now I want to create a second dialog similar to the first one. dialog1(2):- nl,write('blah blah'),nl, write('a: this is answer a'),nl, write('b: this is answer b'),nl. a:- write('respond to answer a'),nl. b:- write('respond to answer b'),nl. How can I check if the dialog is the first or the second one? I want to do that because when the user types a., I need the right answer a to be shown. I thought I could use something like a(1):- write('respond to answer a'),nl. b(1):- write('respond to answer b'),nl. /* and on the second dialog*/ a(2):- write('respond to answer a'),nl. b(2):- write('respond to answer b'),nl. But still, if the user is on dialog 2 and he types a(1),the first answer will appear.

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• With C# 3.0, how to write Interface based code with generic collection?

  - by Deecay

  I want to write code that is decouple and clean, and I know that by programming to an interface instead of the implementation, my code will be more flexible and extensible. So, instead of writing methods like: bool IsProductAvailable(ProductTypeA product); I write methods like: bool IsProductAvailable(IProduct product); As long as my products implement IProduct: class ProductTypeA : IProduct I should be OK. All is well until I start using generic collections. Since C# 3.0 doesn't support covariant and contravariant, even though both ProuctTypeA and ProductTypeB implements IProduct, you cannot put List in List. This is pretty troublesome because a lot of times I want to write something like: bool AreProductsAvailable(List<IProduct> products); So that I can check product avaialbility by writing: List<ProductA> productsArrived = GetDataFromDataabase(); bool result = AreProductsAvailable(productsArrived); And I want to write just one AreProductsAvailable() method that works with all IProduct collections. I know that C# 4.0 is going to support covariant and contravariant, but I also realize that there other libraries that seemed to have the problem solved. For instance, I was trying out ILOG Gantt the gantt chart control, and found that they have a lot of collection intefaces that looks like this: IActivityCollection ILinkCollection So it seems like their approach is wrapping the generic collection with an interface. So instead of "bool AreProductsAvailable(List products);", I can do: bool AreProductsAvailable(IProductCollection products); And then write some code so that IProductCollection takes whatever generic collection of IProduct, be it List or List. However, I don't know how to write an IProductCollection interface that does that "magic". :-< (ashame) .... Could someone shed me some light? This has been bugging me for so long, and I so wanted to do the "right thing". Well, thanks!

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• How to get file path using FileUpload to be read by FileStream?

  - by john ryan

  I have a Method that open excel file and read it through exceldatareaderClass that i have downloaded in codeplex by using filestream. Currently I just declared the exact directory where the filestream open an excel file.And it works fine. Stream stream = new FileStream("C:\\" + FileUpload.PostedFile.FileName, FileMode.Open, FileAccess.Read, FileShare.Read); Now i need to read the excel file wherever location the user place it like on windows forms fileupload.FileStream needs the exact location where the file is located. How to do this.? Example: Sample.xls is located on My Documents the file path should be like : C:\Documents and Settings\user\My Documents\ string openpath ="" ;//filepath Stream stream = new FileStream(openpath+ FileUpload.PostedFile.FileName, FileMode.Open, FileAccess.Read, FileShare.Read); Thanks in Regards

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• How do I write code that doesn't suck? [closed]

  - by Afnan

  My friends and I would like to write a C# desktop application, and would like some guidance on how to make sure the code base is professional and well-kept. Should we use classes or interfaces for our inheritance patterns (which is better)? What are the best practices for professional applications? How do we know what sloppy code looks like, and how do we avoid creating sloppy code? Are there any best practices regarding the design of Winforms applications?

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• how to write high quality GUI software with qt?

  - by Opetmar

  I want to write a project using QT library, so after learning the library and mastering it how should I start, what other libraries or things that I should learn? are there any other tools that will help me during the development or tools well help the end user to install the software and using it? What are the things that I should be aware? what are the things that I should avoid so it can run efficiently?

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