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• How to merge several detached signatures from different people into one?

  - by Petr Pudlák

  A group of people wants to publish a file and they all want to digitally sign the file as different recipients of the file will have different chains of trust. For simplicity, it's desired that there is only one detached signature file with all the signatures, so that the recipients don't need to check them one by one: foo.tar.gz foo.tar.gz.sig However, for security reasons, every person needs to perform the signing on their computer, it's not possible to create the combined signature by having multiple private keys on one computer and performing the operation with one command. Is it possible with GPG to somehow merge detached signatures of a file from multiple participants?

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• Run application with other user

  - by user62367

  OS: Fedora 14 GUI: GNOME I need to run an application with another user then the "default" (normally used). Purpose: create a ".desktop" file on my desktop to run e.g.: Google Chrome with another user (NOT ROOT! - so beesu doesn't count.) There aren't any gksu, or kdesu packages in Fedora 14. Why? So i want to create a user with "adduser SOMEONE", and i want to run e.g.: Google Chrome with "SOMEONE" - then it will have minimum permissions, "more security". Thank you!

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• Windows Xp, Svchost.exe connecting to different ips with remote port 445

  - by Coll911

  Im using Windows Xp professional Sp2 Whenever i start my windows, svchost.exe starts connecting to all the possible ips on lan like from 192.168.1.2 to 192.168.1.200 The local port ranges from 1000-1099 and the remote port being 445. After its done with the local ips, it starts connecting to other random ips. I tried blocking connections to the port 445 using the local security polices but it didn't work Is there any possible way i could prevent svchost from connecting to these ips without involving any firewall installed ? since my pc slows down due to the load I'd be thankful for any advices

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• Apache trailing slash added to files problem

  - by Francisc

  Hello! I am having a problem with Apache. What it does is this: Take /index.php file containing an code with src set to relative path myimg.jpg, both in the root of my server. So, www.mysite.com would show the image as would www.mysite.com/index.php. However, if I access www.mysite.com/index.php/ (with a trailing slash) it does the odd thing of executing index.php code as it would be inside an index.php folder (e.g. /index.php/index.php), thus not showing the image anymore. This is a simple example that's easy to solve with absolte addressing etc, the problem I am getting from this a security one that's not so easily fixed. So, how can I get Apache to give a 403 or 404 when files are accessed "as folders"? Thank you.

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• Identifying program attempting to install certificate on windows

  - by R..

  I'm trying to help a friend using Windows (which I'm not an expert on by any means) who's experiencing malware-like behavior: a dialog box is repeatedly popping up reading: You are about to install a certificate from a certification authority (CA) claiming to represent: CE_UmbrellaCert Warning: If you install this root certificate, Windows will automatically trust any certificate issued by this CA. Installing a certificate with an unconfirmed thumbprint is a security risk. If you click "yes" you acknowledge this risk. AV and anti-malware scanners don't detect anything. My friend hasn't accepted installing the certificate, but whatever program is trying to install it keeps retrying, making the system unusable (constant interruptions). Is there any way to track down which program is making the attempt to install it so this program can be uninstalled/deleted?

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• Tool to launch a script driven by modem activity

  - by Will M

  Can anyone suggest a software tool (preferably under Windows XP or later) that would launch an application or script in response to a phone call being received on a landline phone line connected to a data modem on the same PC? or, better, in response to a sequence of touch-tones being played over such a phone line. This would allow, for example, using the telephone to manipulate firewall settings so as to create another layer of security in connection with remote internet access to that computer. I seem to recall seeing tools to do this sort of thing in the days before broadband internet access, when there was more attention to various tips and tricks for the dial-up modem, but a few attempts at Google hasn't turned anything up.

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• How to make a secure MongoDB server?

  - by Earlz

  Hello, I'm wanting my website to use MongoDB as it's datastore. I've used MongoDB in my development environment with no worries, but I'm worried about security with a public server. My server is a VPS running Arch Linux. The web application will also be running on it, so it only needs to accept connections from localhost. And no other users(by ssh or otherwise) will have direct access to my server. What should I do to secure my instance of MongoDB?

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• How to check the OS is running on bare metal and not in virtualized environment created by BIOS?

  - by Arkadi Shishlov

  Is there any software available as a Linux, *BSD, or Windows program or boot-image to check (or guess with good probability) the environment an operating system is loaded onto is genuine bare metal and not already virtualized? Given recent information from various sources, including supposed to be E.Snowden leaks, I'm curious about the security of my PC-s, even about those that don't have on-board BMC. How it could be possible and why? See for example Blue Pill, and a number of papers. With a little assistance from network card firmware, which is also loadable on popular card models, such hypervisor could easily spy on me resulting in PGP, Tor, etc. exercises futile.

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• Folder Permissions in Windows 7

  - by gameshints

  I'm trying to securely share a folder across two computers on a relatively public network. However, I'm a bit confused on how permissions work and was hoping for some clarification between the following so I don't accidentally make something public I don't want. When you right-click a folder and go to properties, what is the difference between Sharing Tab - 'Share...' button - List of users and permissions there Sharing Tab - 'Advanced Sharing...' button - 'Permissions' button - List of users and permissions there Security Tab - List of users and permissions there Thanks!

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• Personally identifiable information (PII) on shared web hosting

  - by S. Cobbs

  Hey folks, I am providing web hosting services (shared and dedicated) and have had one of my shared hosting clients mention needing an SSL cert for their site where they are collecting insurance quotes in a form, including names and social security numbers. My privacy sense is tingling, and I'm pretty sure it's not legal (in the US) to do this on a shared system, but can't find anything to support my thoughts outside of PCI-DSS, but the customer isn't processing payments through the site so I'm not sure if that applies. I'm reading lots of policy documents where people advise to minimize and manage the PII footprint internally, but as the host I don't want to put all of my customer's clients at possible risk. I'm not looking here for legal advice necessarily, but perhaps someone in a similar position to mine can provide some rule of thumb or point me in the right direction.

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• Is UEFI more or less vulnerable than Legacy BIOS?

  - by Eric

  Is UEFI more secure than BIOS on a Windows 8.1 machine? Is UEFI vulnerable to malware in ways that Legacy BIOS is not? Is it correct that UEFI can connect to the internet before the OS (or anti-virus program) has loaded? On some boards, UEFI settings can be changed in Windows. Do these things affect PC security? I have read that BIOS on an MBR disc can be vulnerable to 'rootkits' There have been reports that suggest UEFI secure boot may not be infallible. Is UEFI better at defending against malware than BIOS?

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• Switch to switch encryption over a wireless bridge (TrustSec?)

  - by metatheorem

  I am planning to connect an existing Cisco 3750 switch to a 3560C switch over a wireless PTP bridge. The bridge will be WPA2 protected, but I am looking for an additional measure of security between the switches to prevent other wireless access through either switch. They do not support IPSec, only 802.1Q tunnels, and buying additional hardware is not likely an option. I am looking into using TrustSec manual mode between the switches. After some effort reading into TrustSec and MACsec, I am mostly certain this is a good choice over the wireless bridge, keeping in mind it is a shared medium. Two questions: Can I reliably prevent other wireless traffic from accessing the switches using TrustSec? Does anyone know of any better options with the 3000 series switches?

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• Which modules can be disabled in apache2.4 on windows

  - by j0h

  I have an Apache 2.4 webserver running on Windows. I am looking into system hardening and the config file httpd.conf. There are numerous load modules and I am wondering which modules I can safely disable for performance and / or security improvements. Some examples of things I would think I can disable are: LoadModule cgi_module others like LoadModule rewrite_module LoadModule version_module LoadModule proxy_module LoadModule setenvif_module I am not so sure they can be disabled. I am running php5 as a scripting engine, with no databases, and that is it. My loaded modules are: core mod_win32 mpm_winnt http_core mod_so mod_access_compat mod_actions mod_alias mod_allowmethods mod_asis mod_auth_basic mod_authn_core mod_authn_file mod_authz_core mod_authz_groupfile mod_authz_host mod_authz_user mod_autoindex mod_dav_lock mod_dir mod_env mod_headers mod_include mod_info mod_isapi mod_log_config mod_cache_disk mod_mime mod_negotiation mod_proxy mod_proxy_ajp mod_rewrite mod_setenvif mod_socache_shmcb mod_ssl mod_status mod_version mod_php5

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• How can I re-create Microsoft Cluster Service resource groups on a different cluster?

  - by PersonalNexus

  I use Microsoft Cluster Service on a cluster of Windows Server 2003 machines containing several dozen resource groups. In the process of migrating to newer hardware, I would like move resources to the new machines on resource group at a time spread out over a few days to ease the migration and minimize risk. I was wondering of there was a smarter way to do this than manually re-creating resources on the new and then deleting them on the old cluster? The cluster has already been set up properly, the only missing is the resource groups and the resources they contain (IP, network names, services...). I have looked through the options of the cluster admin GUI and cluster.exe's commandline options, but haven't found anything like an import/export feature to copy over the configuration of a resource or entire resource group. Does something like this exist?

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• How to secure a new server OS installation

  - by Pat R Ellery

  I bought (and just received) a new 1u dell poweredge 860 (got it on ebay for $35). I finished installing Ubuntu Server (Ubuntu Server 12.04.3 LTS), install apache/mariadb/memcache/php5 works great but I am scared about security. so far I am the only one using the server but eventually more people (friends, friends of friends) will use this server, use ssh etc... I want to know what can I do to secure all the information and not get hacked, both from the web or ssh or ddos and any other attack possible. Does Ubuntu Server does it for you right away? or I have to fix it my self? Thank you EDIT: I installed (so far): All dev tools ssh server LAMP I didn't install: Graphical interface

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• How can I tell if a host is bridged and acting as a router

  - by makerofthings7

  I would like to scan my DMZ for hosts that are bridged between subnets and have routing enabled. Since I have everything from VMWare servers, to load balancers on the DMZ I'm unsure if every host is configured correctly. What IP, ICMP, or SNMP (etc) tricks can I use to poll the hosts and determine if the host is acting as a router? I'm assuming this test would presume I know the target IP, but in a large network with many subnets, I'd have to test many different combinations of networks and see if I get success. Here is one example (ping): For each IP in the DMZ, arp for the host MAC Send a ICMP reply message to that host directed at an online host on each subnet I think that there is a more optimal way to get the information, namely from within ICMP/IP itself, but I'm not sure what low level bits to look for. I would also be interested if it's possible to determine the "router" status without knowing the subnets that the host may be connected to. This would be useful to know when improving our security posture.

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• openVAS - Microsoft RDP Server Private Key Information Disclosure Vulnerability - false Alarm?

  - by huebkov

  I performed a openVAS scan on a Windows Server 2008 R2 and got a report for a high threat level vulnerability called Microsoft RDP Server Private Key Information Disclosure Vulnerability. An remote attacker could perform a man-in-the-middle attack to gain access to a RDP session. Affected Software is Microsoft RDP 5.2 and below. My server uses RDP 7.1, is this alarm a false alarm? Security Advisor Pages say: Solution Status Unpatched, No remedy... References http://secunia.com/advisories/15605/ http://xforce.iss.net/xforce/xfdb/21954/ http://www.oxid.it/downloads/rdp-gbu.pdf CVE: CVE-2005-1794 BID:13818

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• Does Windows 8 include the Windows Help program (WinHlp32.exe)?

  - by amiregelz

  In 2011, Symantec reported on the use of the Windows Help File (.hlp) extension as an attack vector in targeted attacks. The functionality of the help file permits a call to the Windows API which, in turn, permits shell code execution and the installation of malicious payload files. This functionality is not an exploit, but there by design. Here's the malicious WinHelp files (Bloodhound.HLP.1 & Bloodhound.HLP.2) detection heat map: I would like to know if the Windows Help program exists on my Windows 8 machine by default, because if it does I might need to remove it for security reasons. Does Windows 8 include the Windows Help program (WinHlp32.exe)?

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• How to secure a VM while allowing customer RDS (or equivalent) access to its desktop

  - by ChrisA

  We have a Windows Client/(SQL-)Server application which is normally installed at the customer's premises. We now need to provide a hosted solution, and browser-based isn't feasible in the short term. We're considering hosting the database ourselves, and also hosting the client in a VM. We can set all this up easily enough, so we need to: ensure that the customer can connect easily, and also ensure that we suitably restrict access to the VM (and its host, of course) We already access the host and guest machines across the internet via RDS, but we restrict access to it to only our own internal, very small, set of static IPs, and of course theres the 2 (or 3?)-user limit on RDS connections to a remote server. So I'd greatly appreciate ideas on how to manage: the security the multi-user aspect. We're hoping to be able to do this initially without a large investment in virtualisation infrastructure - it would be one customer only to start with, with perhaps two remote users. Thanks!

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• Is disabling password login for SSH the same as deleting the password for all users?

  - by Arsham Skrenes

  I have a cloud server with only a root user. I SSH to it using RSA keys only. To make it more secure, I wanted to disable the password feature. I know that this can be done by editing the /etc/ssh/sshd_config file and changing PermitRootLogin yes to PermitRootLogin without-password. I was wondering if simply deleting the root password via passwd -d root would be the equivalent (assuming I do not create more users or new users have their passwords deleted too). Are there any security issues with one approach verses the other?

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• What does the red x icon mean next to a user in folder permissions (Windows 7)

  - by Scott Szretter

  In trying to debug various strange issues on a machine, I found something strange - when I go to C:\Users\administrator and get properties, security tab, it lists the users (the local admin account, system, and 'administrator' which is the domain administrator account). It all looks fine in terms of permissions (full control, etc.) compared to other machines. The one difference is there is a small red circle with an X to the left of the user icon/name. Additionally, there are various folders where it says access denied under there - for example, my documents! Even logged in as the local machine administrator account (which is not named administrator), I am unable to change the permissions - it says access denied. Any ideas what this means and how to fix it? I even tried re-joining the machine to the domain.

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• Access logs show someone "GET"ing a random ip, why does this return 200?

  - by Wilduck

  I have a small linux box set up with Apache as a way to teach myself Apache. I've set up port forwarding on my router so it's accessible from the outside world, and I've gotten a few strange requests for pages that don't exist from an ip address in China. Looking at my access_log shows that most of these return 404 errors, which I'm guessing is a good thing. However, there is one request that looks like this: 58.218.204.110 - - [25/Dec/2010:19:05:25 -600] "GET http://173.201.161.57/ HTTP/1.1" 200 3895 I'm curious what this request means... That ip address is unconnected to my server as far as I know, and visiting it simply tells me information about my uid. So, my questions are: How is it that this request is showing up in my access_log, why is it returning 200, and is this a bad thing (do I need to set up more security)?

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• Active Directoy GPO

  - by Phillip R.

  I am looking into some weird issues with active directory and group policy. This domain has been upgraded from windows NT and has a few different administrators over the years. I am looking through the Default Domain group policy and Default Domain Controller group policy. In the security areas and I will use the log on locally area as an example, it shows SIDes that begin with asterisks and are quite long they look sort of like the following *S-1-5-21-787626... Normally, when I see something like this I would think that the User account was no longer there and this was never cleaned up. Am I wrong in my assumption? Thanks in advance

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• How to select a user and remove all groups they are a member of using Powershell (with Quest)?

  - by Don

  I've read quite a bit online about this and thought I had found a solution, but it doesn't seem to be working like I would expect. I am wanting to get a user based on the username I input, then remove all groups that it is a member of. Basically the same thing as going into ADUC, selecting the user, selecting the Member Of tab, highlighting everything (except domain users of course) and selecting remove. Here's the command I'm trying to use: Get-QADUser -Name $username | Remove-QADMemberOf -RemoveAll Others have said online that it works for them, but so far it hasn't for me. It doesn't give an error, it accepts the command just fine, but when I look in ADUC, the groups are still there for the user. Any suggestions as to what I may be doing wrong? Executing from Windows 7 with domain admin rights, Exchange cmdlets and Quest snapin loaded. Thanks!

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• How can I disallow a user's scripts from accessing anything above their user folder?

  - by Jaxo

  This is probably an extremely simple question to answer for anybody who knows what they're doing, but I can't find any answers myself. I'm trying to set up a subdirectory for my good friend to test his PHP scripts on my (Apache) hosting plan. I don't want to let him access anything else on my server, however, for obvious reasons. His FTP login already leads him to the proper directory, which does not allow navigating any higher than it's root (mydomain.com/friend/). I would like the same behavior to be applied to any scripts, so he cannot simply <?php print_r(glob("../*")); ?> and view all my files. I'm thinking this can be done with an .htaccess file setting the DocumentRoot somewhere, but I can't have the file available for modification inside the user directory. Is this possible without majorly rewiring the web server? I've tried Googling all sorts of things to describe my problem, but without the proper terminology, all I get is "shared hosting" websites and people trying to sell me security packages.

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