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• Toshiba wireless is blocked

  - by zorrillo

  I have the same problem, a 32 bits toshiba nb255, it first had the windows 7 bu next I installed the ubuntu 11.04. The wifi does not turn on. I used the following issues the commands rfkill unblock wlan0, sudo ifconfig wlan0 down; they were not able. by setting up the bios in advanced menu, the wireless communication sw in ON, but it did not work also. neither the utilities toshiba nor utilities of ubuntu (wicd, wifi radar). by using gedit to file group, nothing. by installing madwifi packet, nothing. by exporting the wifi driver from windows to ubuntu, by means of the NDISwrapper packet, neither. I put the current scripts of the ouput of the cli root@zorrillo:~# rfkill list 0: phy0: Wireless LAN Soft blocked: no Hard blocked: yes root@zorrillo:~# sudo lspci | grep Atheros 07:00.0 Network controller: Atheros Communications Inc. AR9285 Wireless Network Adapter (PCI-Express) (rev 01) root@zorrillo:~# root@zorrillo:~# ifconfig -a eth0 Link encap:Ethernet direcciónHW 88:ae:1d:47:df:e1 ACTIVO DIFUSIÓN MULTICAST MTU:1500 Métrica:1 Paquetes RX:0 errores:0 perdidos:0 overruns:0 frame:0 Paquetes TX:0 errores:0 perdidos:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 colisiones:0 long.colaTX:1000 Bytes RX:0 (0.0 B) TX bytes:0 (0.0 B) Interrupción:43 Dirección base: 0xe000 lo Link encap:Bucle local Direc. inet:127.0.0.1 Másc:255.0.0.0 Dirección inet6: ::1/128 Alcance:Anfitrión ACTIVO BUCLE FUNCIONANDO MTU:16436 Métrica:1 Paquetes RX:8 errores:0 perdidos:0 overruns:0 frame:0 Paquetes TX:8 errores:0 perdidos:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 colisiones:0 long.colaTX:0 Bytes RX:480 (480.0 B) TX bytes:480 (480.0 B) ppp0 Link encap:Protocolo punto a punto Direc. inet:189.203.115.236 P-t-P:192.168.226.1 Másc:255.255.255.255 ACTIVO PUNTO A PUNTO FUNCIONANDO NOARP MULTICAST MTU:1500 Métrica:1 Paquetes RX:6384 errores:30 perdidos:0 overruns:0 frame:0 Paquetes TX:6893 errores:0 perdidos:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 colisiones:0 long.colaTX:3 Bytes RX:5473081 (5.4 MB) TX bytes:974316 (974.3 KB) wlan0 Link encap:Ethernet direcciónHW 00:26:4d:c3:d0:44 DIFUSIÓN MULTICAST MTU:1500 Métrica:1 Paquetes RX:0 errores:0 perdidos:0 overruns:0 frame:0 Paquetes TX:0 errores:0 perdidos:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 colisiones:0 long.colaTX:1000 Bytes RX:0 (0.0 B) TX bytes:0 (0.0 B) note.-it is logical all the counters are cero if the wireless device is down root@zorrillo:/home/zorrillo/Descargas/802BGA# ifconfig wlan0 up SIOCSIFFLAGS: Operation not possible due to RF-kill root@zorrillo:/home/zorrillo/Descargas/802BGA# It would seem the wireless switching does not react with whichever ubuntu 11.04 command (I hope to be wrong). The target remains the same, in order of the scripts above. I am worried, I have tried to find any answer for days and nights. Toshiba does not supply drivers or soft support for linux, marketing of course. I only see the device is up by protocols and down phisically, My question is, is it possible to enable or not shutdown physically the device?, because in the toshiba model nb255 the wifi is not set up/down bye means of a physical switch, but by means a combination of Fn + F8 (only for windows 7, no one more), Is there one possibility to configure the hot keys in ubuntu?

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• Event-Driven Debugging

  - by Brian Donahue

  Most application troubleshooting involves getting an error, analyzing the error message, and at worst, attaching a debugger to work out the real cause. What is not really covered is how to troubleshoot an applicaiton that is not errant, but is having a performance issue, and more than likely, in the middle of the night when you are snug in your bed, sawing logs. What you need is an ever-vigilant cyborg who never sleeps to sit in front of your server all night, but as SkyNet is not live yet, you can settle for the next-best thing. Windows provides performance counters and alerts that can tell you when an applicaiton reaches an unacceptable threshold of naughty behavior, but although it can tattle on your brainchild, it won't be the child psychiatrist that you need to tell you why he's pulling your server's pigtails and pulling faces at the teacher. What you need is to plug a debugger into performance monitor and have it tell you what's going on with your applicaiton at the time. For this purpose, I'd used Microsoft's MDbgEngine as the basis for an applicaiton that will dump a program's stacks, I call it Application Slicer Dicer Wonder Dumper Super Cyborg, or StackOMatic for short. StackOMatic can look at a program's behavior and tell you if the stacks are not moving, but it can also work on the command-line to dump all managed methods on the stack at will. Now that there is a command you can use to dump the stacks, all you need to do is politely tell Windows to run it when you're displeased with your creation as it's trashing the CPU of your server at 3 AM. The first step is to create a scheduled task to tell StackOMatic to dump your applicaiton. Start Task Scheduler and right-click Task Scheduler Library and then Create Task. For this exercise I'm creating a task that will dump the Red Gate SQL Monitor Base Monitor Service. In the Actions tab, I enter the path to StackOMatic and use the arguments to log the stack dump to a file: /PN:RedGate.Response.Engine.Alerting.Base.Service /OUT:c:\users\administrator\MonitorLog.txt Next, I go into Windows Server 2008's Reliability and Performance Monitor and add a new Data Collector Set. This set will produce an alert on the %Processor Time for the service. When the processor time breaches 50%, it will run the StackDumpBaseService task I created. Whenever the service misbehaves, it will append to the log file. Now when I go to work in the morning, I can see what the service was doing when it overloaded the processor and take action.

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• Throttling Postfix memory

  - by teddybeard

  I have a VPS on 1and1 similar to this configuration (512MB, burst up to 2GB). I run a web service where I crawl the web and notify my users through email and sms when a certain online data feed changes. When I send the emails out, I just have PHP loop through the recipients list and send the emails out using the mail() function. Whenever I try to send a large volume of these messages out, my server starts acting funny. I can't even run an 'ls' sometimes because the shell tells me it 'cannot allocate memory'. The shell is unusable and yet my website is being served up fine. Mail.err contains: Nov 14 17:30:09 s15351477 postfix/smtp[26000]: fatal: inet_addr_local[getifaddrs]: getifaddrs: Cannot allocate memory Nov 14 17:30:09 s15351477 postfix/sendmail[25999]: fatal: username(1000): unable to execute /usr/sbin/postdrop -r: Success Nov 14 18:29:14 s15351477 postfix/smtp[9911]: fatal: inet_addr_local[getifaddrs]: getifaddrs: Cannot allocate memory Nov 14 18:29:14 s15351477 postfix/sendmail[9910]: fatal: username(1000): unable to execute /usr/sbin/postdrop -r: Success Also, if relevant, my bean counters are: Version: 2.5 uid resource held maxheld barrier limit failcnt 53907331: kmemsize 20779422 21041560 31457280 34603008 2989403 lockedpages 0 0 512 512 0 privvmpages 81488 82498 524288 576716 94640 shmpages 2831 2831 32768 32768 0 dummy 0 0 9223372036854775807 9223372036854775807 0 numproc 90 91 128 128 6603 physpages 32692 33531 2147483647 2147483647 0 vmguarpages 0 0 131072 2147483647 0 oomguarpages 32942 33781 9223372036854775807 2147483647 0 numtcpsock 22 23 720 720 0 numflock 27 28 376 413 0 numpty 1 1 32 32 0 numsiginfo 0 1 512 512 0 tcpsndbuf 425888 441064 3440640 5406720 0 tcprcvbuf 369200 376832 3440640 5406720 0 othersockbuf 268000 268464 2252160 4194304 0 dgramrcvbuf 0 8472 524288 576716 0 numothersock 180 182 720 720 0 dcachesize 952146 966231 5242880 5767168 0 numfile 3609 3683 8192 8192 0 dummy 0 0 0 0 0 dummy 0 0 0 0 0 dummy 0 0 0 0 0 numiptent 25 25 200 205 0 Is there some way I can throttle postfix to keep it from swamping the system like this? Also wondering: why does email use so many resources, these emails are just short text?

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• Nagios plug-in check_snmp receives NO SNMP data from a CISCO Router

  - by Shehryar

  I have tried setting up Nagios on Ubuntu 10.10, successfully installed and can login to web interface, I am however stuck on configuring snmp or I am doing something wrong here, i have followed various sites / nagios wiki to setup configuration (cfg) files. When I check on the web interface, it gives the following error on one of my cisco router: Current Status: UNKNOWN (for 0d 2h 55m 56s) Status Information: SNMP problem - No data received from host CMD: /usr/bin/snmpget -t 1 -r 5 -m RFC1213-MIB -v 1 [authpriv] 192.168.1.1:161 ifOperStatus.1 On the command-line itself, when I type the following, it just sits there waiting and waiting : sudo /usr/local/nagios/libexec/check_snmp -H 192.168.1.1 -C Routers -o sysUpTime.0 When I type the following command : I get an OK /usr/bin/snmpget -v1 192.168.1.1:161 1.3.6.1.2.1.1.5.0 -c "Routers" I have configured SNMP properly on our cisco device as we can collect SNMP Data via two other monitoring tool (SolarWinds and Manage Engine), we are tempted towards Nagios as its opensource. Will be grateful if someone could assist in rectifying this situation and guide me with setting up nagios to monitor Cisco Routers, Switches and a Few Servers. We want to monitor Bandwidth, cpu utilization, uptime and other necessary counters. Will be grateful for your assistance Thanks for reading Shehryar

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• Windows typeperf and pound signs.

  - by Weegee

  I'm currently trying to use typeperf to access some Windows performance counters. Unfortunately, a few of the instances I'm trying to check are of the format service#1. The command typeperf "\\server\Process(service#1)\Working Set Peak" is unfortunately returning the data for \\server\Process(service)\Working Set Peak rather than the data for the instance service#1. This holds true for any of the services that have pound signs in the counter string. Does anyone know of a method to get around this problem? Sample output: I:\>typeperf -s server "\Process(service#1)\Working Set" "(PDH-CSV 4.0)","\\server\Process(service)\Working Set" "10/08/2009 09:37:29.070","1643274240.000000" "10/08/2009 09:37:30.070","1643274240.000000" "10/08/2009 09:37:31.070","1643274240.000000" The command completed successfully. I:\>typeperf -s server "\Process(service#2)\Working Set" "(PDH-CSV 4.0)","\\server\Process(service)\Working Set" "10/08/2009 09:37:39.273","1643274240.000000" "10/08/2009 09:37:40.273","1643274240.000000" "10/08/2009 09:37:41.273","1643274240.000000" "10/08/2009 09:37:42.273","1643274240.000000" "10/08/2009 09:37:43.273","1643274240.000000" The command completed successfully. I can confirm in PerfMon that the Working Set value "1643274240.000000" is incorrect for both service#1 and service#2. I am running Windows XP Service Pack 2, but a co-worker who is running Windows Server 2003 was having the same troubles.

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• Current wisdom on SQL Server and Hyperthreading?

  - by BradC

  Lots of articles out there (see Slava Oks's original SQL 2000 article and Kevin Kline's SQL 2005 update) recommend disabling hyperthreading on SQL servers, or at least testing your specific workload before enabling it on your servers. This issue is gradually becoming less relevant as true multi-core processors replace hyperthreaded ones, but what's the current wisdom on this issue? Does this advice change any with SQL 2005 64-bit, or SQL 2008, or Windows Server 2008? Ideally, this should be tested in advance in a staging environment, but what about for servers that have already made it into production with HT enabled? How can I tell if performance issues we're experiencing might be related to HT? Is there some specific combination of perfmon counters that might point me in that direction, as opposed to all the other things I normally pursue when working on improving SQL performance? Edit: This is especially attractive because of the potential for an across the board improvement for some of my high-cpu servers, but the client is going to want to see something concrete that helps me identify which servers really could benefit from disabling hyperthreading. Of course, conventional performance troubleshooting is ongoing, but sometimes any little bit helps.

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• How much memory will a Windows file-server be able to use effectively.

  - by Zoredache

  In the near future we will be moving our fileserver to a newer box that will be running Windows 2008R2. I want to know how much memory Windows will be able to use for a system that is just a file-server. In searching around I found an old document for Windows 2000 that mentions the maximum size of the file-system cache is 960MB. I suspect this limit no longer applies, but is there a new limit? The file server will be just a standard Windows fileserver. It will have 1TB of attached storage. The large majority of the of the files accessed during the day are just typical Office documents. There are 80-100 people usually using the fileserver during a typical day. This system will only be used as a file server, it doesn't have any other roles. In Windows 2008r2 is there any hard limits for the filesystem cache? What are they? The server we will be re-using for this purpose currently has 4GB of memory, but it can be maxed out at 16GB. Is there any value in doing this for a Windows file-server? Are there any performance counters can I look at on the existing 2003 fileserver that will tell me if adding more memory will be worthwhile.

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• Mac and L2TP VPN no problems, xp, vista and 7 no go :s

  - by The_cobra666

  Hi all, I've got some weird problem and I'm out off options. The situation: When connecting from my mac to the VPN server (Windows Server 2003 R2) with L2TP PSK, everything works like it should. However, when I connect from a Windows PC, nothing happens. it spits out error 809 and sometimes 789. Now I know that my ports are OK, since the mac can connect without any problems. It's the same for: XP, Vista SP2 and 7. None can connect. If I connect to the VPN server directly (to the internal IP instead of WAN from the router), it connect's without a problem. Connecting using PPTP works... now if only L2TP would work thank you very much Windows! I have checked the counters on my linux router with iptables -L -nv and they do not raise when connecting. Not on ACCEPT and not on DROP. Only when connecting from the mac. I've found the guide from Microsoft to enable: AssumeUDPEncapsulationContextOnSendRule in the registery. I have set it to "2", on the server and client. Still no go. After that registery key it started giving me error 789 instead of 809. The IPSEC services are running on the client and server. Is there anyone that ppleease can help me with this! I've been working on this for 2 days and I'm out of options. Thanks!

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• Win 2008 R2 - copying TO disk is very slow, copying FROM is more or less okay

  - by avs099

  I have Windows 2008 R2 SP1 with 4 identical SATA disks (Seagate Barracude 7200) in RAID 5 array. It has 4Gb of memory; all recent updates are installed. Problem: when I copy large file from one folder to another, I get about 10MB/s average speed. When I read this file from network share via 1Gbps connection - I get about 25-30 MB/s. Both numbers seems to be low for me - but specifically I'm very frustrated with low write speed. there is no antivirus, no hyper-v, it's just a fileserver - i when i do my tests nobody else reads/write from it (we have only 4 people in a team, so I'm sure). Not sure if that matters, but there is only 1 logic disk "C" with all available space (1400 GB). I'm not an admin at all, so I have no idea where to look and what other information to provide. I did run performance monitor with "% idle time", "avg bytes read", "avg byte write" - here is the screenshot: I'm not sure why there are such obvious spikes. Any idea? Please let me know if you need me to provide more information - what counters should I check, etc. I'm very eager to get this solved. Thank you. UPDATE: we have another Windows 2008 R2 SP1 server with 2 RAID1 arrays - one is disk C (where windows is installed, another one is disk E). It is running Hyper-V and does not have antivirus. I noticed the following behavior when I copy large file (few GBs): C - C: about 50MB/sec C - E: about 55MB/sec E - E: 8MB/sec!!! E - C: 8MB/sec!!! what could cause this?? E drive is RAID1 array from same Seagate Barracuda 1TB drives..

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• Abnormally high amount of Transmit discards reported by Solarwinds for multiple switches

  - by Jared

  I have several 3750X Cisco switches that, according to our Solarwinds NPM, are producing billions of transmit discards per day. I'm not sure why it's reporting these discards. Many of the ports on the 3750X's have 2960's connected to them and are hardcoded as trunk ports. Solarwinds NPM version 10.3 Cisco IOS version 12.2(58)SE2 Total output drops: 29139431: GigabitEthernet1/0/43 is up, line protocol is up (connected) Hardware is Gigabit Ethernet, address is XXXX (bia XXXX) Description: XXXX MTU 1500 bytes, BW 100000 Kbit/sec, DLY 100 usec, reliability 255/255, txload 1/255, rxload 1/255 Encapsulation ARPA, loopback not set Keepalive set (10 sec) Full-duplex, 100Mb/s, media type is 10/100/1000BaseTX input flow-control is off, output flow-control is unsupported ARP type: ARPA, ARP Timeout 04:00:00 Last input 00:00:47, output 00:00:50, output hang never Last clearing of "show interface" counters 1w4d Input queue: 0/75/0/0 (size/max/drops/flushes); Total output drops: 29139431 Queueing strategy: fifo Output queue: 0/40 (size/max) 5 minute input rate 0 bits/sec, 0 packets/sec 5 minute output rate 35000 bits/sec, 56 packets/sec 51376 packets input, 9967594 bytes, 0 no buffer Received 51376 broadcasts (51376 multicasts) 0 runts, 0 giants, 0 throttles 0 input errors, 0 CRC, 0 frame, 0 overrun, 0 ignored 0 watchdog, 51376 multicast, 0 pause input 0 input packets with dribble condition detected 115672302 packets output, 8673778028 bytes, 0 underruns 0 output errors, 0 collisions, 0 interface resets 0 unknown protocol drops 0 babbles, 0 late collision, 0 deferred 0 lost carrier, 0 no carrier, 0 pause output 0 output buffer failures, 0 output buffers swapped out sh controllers gigabitEthernet 1/0/43 utilization: Receive Bandwidth Percentage Utilization : 0 Transmit Bandwidth Percentage Utilization : 0

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• iptables advanced routing

  - by Shamanu4

  I have a Centos server acting as a NAT in my network. This server has one external (later ext1) interface and three internal (later int1, int2 and int3). Egress traffic comes from users via int1 and after MASQUERADE goes via ext1. Ingress traffic comes from ext1, MASQUERADE, and goes via int2 or int3 according to static routes. | ext1 | x.x.x.x/24 +---------|----------------------+ | | | Centos server (NAT) | | | +---|------|---------------|-----+ | | | int1 | | int2 | int3 10.30.1.10/24 | | 10.30.2.10/24 | 10.30.3.10/24 ^ v v 10.30.1.1/24 | | 10.30.2.1/24 | 10.30.3.1/24 +---|------|---------------|-----+ | | | | | | | v v | | ^ -Traffic policer- | | |_____________ | | | | | +------------------|-------------+ | 192.168.0.1/16 | | Clients 192.168.0.0/16 The problem: Egress traffic seems to be dropped after PREROUTING table. Packet counters are not changing on MASQUERADE rule in POSTROUTING. If I change the routes to clients causing the traffic go back via int1 - everything works perfectly. current iptable configuration is very simple: # cat /etc/sysconfig/iptables *filter :INPUT ACCEPT [0:0] :FORWARD ACCEPT [0:0] :OUTPUT ACCEPT [0:0] -I INPUT 1 -i int1 -j ACCEPT -A FORWARD -j ACCEPT COMMIT *nat -A POSTROUTING -o ext1 -j MASQUERADE # COMMIT Can anyone point me what I'm missing? Thanks. UPDATE: 192.168.100.60 via 10.30.2.1 dev int2 proto zebra # routes to clients ... 192.168.100.61 via 10.30.3.1 dev int3 proto zebra # ... I have a lot of them x.x.x.0/24 dev ext1 proto kernel scope link src x.x.x.x 10.30.1.0/24 dev int1 proto kernel scope link src 10.30.1.10 10.30.2.0/24 dev int2 proto kernel scope link src 10.30.2.10 10.30.3.0/24 dev int3 proto kernel scope link src 10.30.3.10 169.254.0.0/16 dev ext1 scope link metric 1003 169.254.0.0/16 dev int1 scope link metric 1004 169.254.0.0/16 dev int2 scope link metric 1005 169.254.0.0/16 dev int3 scope link metric 1006 blackhole 192.168.0.0/16 default via x.x.x.y dev ext1 Clients have 192.168.0.1 as gateway, which is redirecting them to 10.30.1.1

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• How to Enable IPtables TRACE Target on Debian Squeeze (6)

  - by bernie

  I am trying to use the TRACE target of IPtables but I can't seem to get any trace information logged. I want to use what is described here: Debugger for Iptables. From the iptables man for TRACE: This target marks packes so that the kernel will log every rule which match the packets as those traverse the tables, chains, rules. (The ipt_LOG or ip6t_LOG module is required for the logging.) The packets are logged with the string prefix: "TRACE: tablename:chain- name:type:rulenum " where type can be "rule" for plain rule, "return" for implicit rule at the end of a user defined chain and "policy" for the policy of the built in chains. It can only be used in the raw table. I use the following rule: iptables -A PREROUTING -t raw -p tcp -j TRACE but nothing is appended either in /var/log/syslog or /var/log/kern.log! Is there another step missing? Am I looking in the wrong place? edit Even though I can't find log entries, the TRACE target seems to be set up correctly since the packet counters get incremented: # iptables -L -v -t raw Chain PREROUTING (policy ACCEPT 193 packets, 63701 bytes) pkts bytes target prot opt in out source destination 193 63701 TRACE tcp -- any any anywhere anywhere Chain OUTPUT (policy ACCEPT 178 packets, 65277 bytes) pkts bytes target prot opt in out source destination edit 2 The rule iptables -A PREROUTING -t raw -p tcp -j LOG does print packet information to /var/log/syslog... Why doesn't TRACE work?

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• Disk Activity Alert Windows SBS 2003 on Dell PowerEdge 830 with Raid

  - by Ron Whites

  Background: I have a Dell PowerEdge 830 Server running Windows SB Server 2003. It has 4gbs of RAM and a ATA CERC SATA 6CH controller with 3 160gb drives in a Raid 5 configuration. The Problem I am seeing Admin ---"Disk Activity Alert on Server" emails These often occur when disk backups, de-frag or high disk usage is going on. Generally the server isn't over stressed. The Disk Alert emails say in part ... The following disk has low idle time, which may cause slow response time when reading or writing files to the disk. Disk: 0 C: F: D: Review the Disk Transfers/sec and % Idle Time counters for the PhysicalDisk performance object. If the Disk Transfers/sec counter is consistently below 150 while the % Idle Time counter remains very low (close to 0), there may be a problem with the disk driver or hardware. The Questions I have: With what utility can I review the Disk Transfers/sec and Idle Time? It appears there is no utility for that on the server! I think I may need to download a very large (two DVD) Dell "OpenManage" utility to be able to monitor the raid system and see what is a problem is that true?

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• Long 'pause' after copying large files on windows 2008

  - by Ian

  I have a mystery regarding pauses after file copies on windows server 2088 (and other releases) When copying large files, like vhds, to locally attached USB disks I often see a long pause after the copy has completed 100%. As an example: robocopying vhd files. The bytes read/written count matches the vhd file size and robocopy shows 100% but it pauses for several minutes. If I do nothing it will continue, but I will have to wait for quite some time - about the same amount of time as it took to get to 100%. The bytes read/bytes written counters for robocopy do not change. My first thought was that the AV had to scan it, but I'm looking at a machine right now which doesn't have an AV installed and this is occurring, so impossible. No other processes are showing read/write byte counts as going up. The behavior is the same if I use the copy command or xcopy. I've seen this on other systems but have never worked out what the cause is. Anyone got any suggestions as to what might be going on?

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• Monitoring instantaneous network throughput at one second intervals?

  - by Shaddi

  For a testing setup I have, I need to monitor the throughput through a "router"* at regular intervals of around 5 seconds or less (sub-second intervals would be very nice, but not required). Ideally, I would be able to generate a file which contained both the number of bytes and packets seen during each interval. I will eventually be generating a time-series of throughput from this data. On a previous setup using an older version of FreeBSD, there was a tool called "bpfmon" which gave me this information. However, I need to do this under a modern version of Linux (namely, Ubuntu 11.04). I have looked at both iptraf and iftop, but these do not appear to provide the resolution I need, nor do they seem to easily allow scraping the data I need. I understand iptables statistics may be able to give me what I'm after, but the examples I've seen of this seem to rely on repeatedly reading and resetting traffic counters, which seems like it could give inaccurate as read/reset is not an atomic operation. I already capture a tcpdump trace of the traffic I'm interested in on the link I want to monitor, so I am open to approaches which simply parse that. I feel like this must be a common problem though, so I am hoping there will be a standard "best practice" tool for accomplishing this. *I say "router" in quotes because I am really talking about a machine with two bridged NICs through which all the traffic I'm interested in passes.

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• Reverse NAT Setup for Hyper-V on Win 2008 R2

  - by sukru

  I'm trying to setup a Linux server behind a Windows Hyper-V host that will help supply some of the services (SSH, HTTPS, etc). However getting RRAS configured for reverse NAT (port forwarding) turned out to be a non trivial task. As a staring point, I tried forwarding port 22 (SSH) to the virtual machine. The virtual machine is on a public interface (i.e.: it also has a visible IP on the same network as the host). On RRAS management console I tried to add a rule, by adding "Local Area Connection" to NAT pool (Public Interface - Enable Nat), and an incoming rule for port 22 - :22. I also tried with the same port enabled on Windows Firewall (and not). The NAT management page tells there are "1 mappings" and "30+ Outbound packets transleted". However all other counters (Inbound packets translated, and respective rejected ones) are always zero. (I'm trying to access the server from an external machine). I can directly access the service if I give the VM's public IP, but not the host's one. Is there a way to enable this on RRAS?

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• Allied Telesis router: IP filtering for the LOCAL interface

  - by syneticon-dj

  Given an Allied Telesis router with an AlliedWare OS (2.9.1) I would like to disable access to all management services of the router except for a number of subnets (or alternatively have what is a "management VLAN" with other manufacturers' switch and router models). What I have tried so far: creating a new VLAN and an appropriate IP interface, setting the LOCAL IP into this subnet, creating an IP filter for the IP interface and specifying my exclusion subnets: it simply does not work as intended as I can access the LOCAL IP set from any of the other VLAN interfaces - the traffic is apparently not going through my defined filter set at all creating a new IP filter set and binding it to the LOCAL IP interface: this seems not to affect any kind of traffic at all, the counters for the filter set remain at zero packets setting the Remote Security Officer Level IP address range: this only restricts the ability for a user with the Security Officer privilege level to log in from any but the specified address ranges / subnets. Unfortunately, it does not prevent service availability (and thus DoS capacity) or the ability to log in as a less privileged user (e.g. a "manager") calling technical support: unfortunately no solution so far What I have not tried: creating a filter set for each and every IP interface defined on the router and excluding access to the router's management IP: I would like to reduce the overhead induced by IP filters as the router already is CPU-constrained at times. Setting up filters for every IP interface would mean that each and every traffic packet would have to pass the filters, thus consuming CPU cycles. If by any means possible, I would like to find a different solution.

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• Using iptables to make a VPN router

  - by lost_in_the_sauce

  I am attempting to make a VPN connection to a third party VPN site, then forward traffic from my internal computers (ssh and ping for now) out to the VPN site using IPTables. 3rd Party <- (tun0/eth0)Linux VPN Box(eth1) <- Windows7TestBox I am running on CentOS 6.3 Linux and have two network connections eth0-public eth1-private. I am running vpnc-0.5.3-4 which is currently connecting to my destination. When I connect I am able to ping the destination IPAddresses but that is as far as I can get. ping -I tun0 10.1.33.26 success ping -I eth0 10.1.33.26 fail ping -I eth1 10.1.33.26 fail I have my private network Windows 7 test box set up to have the eth1 (private) network of my VPN Server as its gateway and can ping him fine. I need IPTables to send the Windows 7 traffic out the VPN tunnel. I have tried for a few days many different IPTables configurations from this site and others, either the other examples are too simple or overly complicated. The only thing this server is doing is connecting to the VPN and forwarding all traffic. So we can "flush" everything and start from scratch here. It is a blank slate. #!/bin/bash echo "Define variables" ipt="/sbin/iptables" echo "Zero out all counters" $ipt -Z $ipt -t nat -Z $ipt -t mangle -Z echo "Flush all active rules, delete all chains" $ipt -F $ipt -X $ipt -t nat -F $ipt -t nat -X $ipt -t mangle -F $ipt -t mangle -X $ipt -P INPUT ACCEPT $ipt -P FORWARD ACCEPT $ipt -P OUTPUT ACCEPT $ipt -t nat -A POSTROUTING -o tun0 -j MASQUERADE $ipt -A FORWARD -i eth1 -o eth0 -j ACCEPT $ipt -A FORWARD -i eth0 -o eth1 -j ACCEPT $ipt -A FORWARD -i eth0 -o tun0 -j ACCEPT $ipt -A FORWARD -i tun0 -o eth0 -j ACCEPT Again I have done many variations of the above and many other rules from other posts but haven't been able to move forward. It seems like such a simple task, and yet....

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• Iptables state tracking

  - by complexgeek

  Hi there. I've just taken over administration of a fairly complex firewall ruleset for a firewall box running Fedora Core 12, and there's one thing about it that is puzzling me. When I run nmap on the gateway from outside the network, I see all the expected services, but also sunrpc on port 111. The INPUT chain has DEFAULT DROP set, and there is no rule allowing port 111. As best I can tell (watching the packet counters before/during/after the scan) it's being allowed by the rule: "-m state --state RELATED,ESTABLISHED -j ACCEPT" but I don't understand why a brand new TCP connection would be considered RELATED or ESTABLISHED. Any suggestions would be greatly appreciated. EDIT: Conntrack modules: nf_conntrack_netlink 14925 0 nfnetlink 3479 1 nf_conntrack_netlink nf_conntrack_irc 5206 1 nf_nat_irc nf_conntrack_proto_udplite 3138 0 nf_conntrack_h323 62110 1 nf_nat_h323 nf_conntrack_proto_dccp 6878 0 nf_conntrack_sip 16921 1 nf_nat_sip nf_conntrack_proto_sctp 11131 0 nf_conntrack_pptp 10673 1 nf_nat_pptp nf_conntrack_sane 5458 0 nf_conntrack_proto_gre 6574 1 nf_conntrack_pptp nf_conntrack_amanda 2796 1 nf_nat_amanda nf_conntrack_ftp 11741 1 nf_nat_ftp nf_conntrack_tftp 4665 1 nf_nat_tftp nf_conntrack_netbios_ns 1534 0 nf_conntrack_ipv6 18504 2 ipv6 279399 40 ip6t_REJECT,nf_conntrack_ipv6 INPUT chain on the filter table: -A INPUT -s 192.168.200.10/32 -p tcp -m tcp --dport 22 -m state --state NEW,ESTABLISHED -j ACCEPT -A INPUT -s 127.0.0.0/8 -i lo -j ACCEPT -A INPUT -p udp -m udp --sport 67:68 --dport 67:68 -j ACCEPT -A INPUT -d 192.168.200.5/32 -i eth0 -j ACCEPT -A INPUT -d 192.168.1.2/32 -i eth0 -j ACCEPT -A INPUT -d {public_ip}/32 -i ppp0 -p tcp -m multiport --dports 22,80,443 -j ACCEPT -A INPUT -d {public_ip}/32 -i ppp0 -p tcp -m multiport --sports 22,25,80,443 -j ACCEPT -A INPUT -d {public_ip}/32 -i ppp0 -p udp -m udp --dport 1194 -j ACCEPT -A INPUT -d {public_ip}/32 -i ppp0 -p udp -m udp --sport 1194 -j ACCEPT -A INPUT -d {public_ip}/32 -i ppp0 -p udp -m multiport --sports 53,123 -j ACCEPT -A INPUT -d {public_ip}/32 -i ppp0 -p icmp -m icmp --icmp-type 8 -j ACCEPT -A INPUT -i eth0 -m state --state NEW -j ACCEPT -A INPUT -d {public_ip}/32 -m state --state NEW -j ACCEPT -A INPUT -m state --state RELATED,ESTABLISHED -j ACCEPT eth0 is connected to the internal network, eth3 is connected to an ADSL modem in bridge mode, ppp0 is the WAN connection tunneled over eth3.

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• WCF timeout exception detailed investigation

  - by Jason Kealey

  We have an application that has a WCF service (*.svc) running on IIS7 and various clients querying the service. The server is running Win 2008 Server. The clients are running either Windows 2008 Server or Windows 2003 server. I am getting the following exception, which I have seen can in fact be related to a large number of potential WCF issues. System.TimeoutException: The request channel timed out while waiting for a reply after 00:00:59.9320000. Increase the timeout value passed to the call to Request or increase the SendTimeout value on the Binding. The time allotted to this operation may have been a portion of a longer timeout. ---> System.TimeoutException: The HTTP request to 'http://www.domain.com/WebServices/myservice.svc/gzip' has exceeded the allotted timeout of 00:01:00. The time allotted to this operation may have been a portion of a longer timeout. I have increased the timeout to 30min and the error still occurred. This tells me that something else is at play, because the quantity of data could never take 30min to upload or download. The error comes and goes. At the moment, it is more frequent. It does not seem to matter if I have 3 clients running simultaneously or 100, it still occurs once in a while. Most of the time, there are no timeouts but I still get a few per hour. The error comes from any of the methods that are invoked. One of these methods does not have parameters and returns a bit of data. Another takes in lots of data as a parameter but executes asynchronously. The errors always originate from the client and never reference any code on the server in the stack trace. It always ends with: at System.Net.HttpWebRequest.GetResponse() at System.ServiceModel.Channels.HttpChannelFactory.HttpRequestChannel.HttpChannelRequest.WaitForReply(TimeSpan timeout) On the server: I've tried (and currently have) the following binding settings: maxBufferSize="2147483647" maxReceivedMessageSize="2147483647" maxBufferPoolSize="2147483647" It does not seem to have an impact. I've tried (and currently have) the following throttling settings: <serviceThrottling maxConcurrentCalls="1500" maxConcurrentInstances="1500" maxConcurrentSessions="1500"/> It does not seem to have an impact. I currently have the following settings for the WCF service. [ServiceBehavior(InstanceContextMode = InstanceContextMode.Single, ConcurrencyMode = ConcurrencyMode.Single)] I ran with ConcurrencyMode.Multiple for a while, and the error still occurred. I've tried restarting IIS, restarting my underlying SQL Server, restarting the machine. All of these don't seem to have an impact. I've tried disabling the Windows firewall. It does not seem to have an impact. On the client, I have these settings: maxReceivedMessageSize="2147483647" <system.net> <connectionManagement> <add address="*" maxconnection="16"/> </connectionManagement> </system.net> My client closes its connections: var client = new MyClient(); try { return client.GetConfigurationOptions(); } finally { client.Close(); } I have changed the registry settings to allow more outgoing connections: MaxConnectionsPerServer=24, MaxConnectionsPer1_0Server=32. I have now just recently tried SvcTraceViewer.exe. I managed to catch one exception on the client end. I see that its duration is 1 minute. Looking at the server side trace, I can see that the server is not aware of this exception. The maximum duration I can see is 10 seconds. I have looked at active database connections using exec sp_who on the server. I only have a few (2-3). I have looked at TCP connections from one client using TCPview. It usually is around 2-3 and I have seen up to 5 or 6. Simply put, I am stumped. I have tried everything I could find, and must be missing something very simple that a WCF expert would be able to see. It is my gut feeling that something is blocking my clients at the low-level (TCP), before the server actually receives the message and/or that something is queuing the messages at the server level and never letting them process. If you have any performance counters I should look at, please let me know. (please indicate what values are bad, as some of these counters are hard to decypher). Also, how could I log the WCF message size? Finally, are there any tools our there that would allow me to test how many connections I can establish between my client and server (independently from my application) Thanks for your time! Extra information added June 20th: My WCF application does something similar to the following. while (true) { Step1GetConfigurationSettingsFromServerViaWCF(); // can change between calls Step2GetWorkUnitFromServerViaWCF(); DoWorkLocally(); // takes 5-15minutes. Step3SendBackResultsToServerViaWCF(); } Using WireShark, I did see that when the error occurs, I have a five TCP retransmissions followed by a TCP reset later on. My guess is the RST is coming from WCF killing the connection. The exception report I get is from Step3 timing out. I discovered this by looking at the tcp stream "tcp.stream eq 192". I then expanded my filter to "tcp.stream eq 192 and http and http.request.method eq POST" and saw 6 POSTs during this stream. This seemed odd, so I checked with another stream such as tcp.stream eq 100. I had three POSTs, which seems a bit more normal because I am doing three calls. However, I do close my connection after every WCF call, so I would have expected one call per stream (but I don't know much about TCP). Investigating a bit more, I dumped the http packet load to disk to look at what these six calls where. 1) Step3 2) Step1 3) Step2 4) Step3 - corrupted 5) Step1 6) Step2 My guess is two concurrent clients are using the same connection, that is why I saw duplicates. However, I still have a few more issues that I can't comprehend: a) Why is the packet corrupted? Random network fluke - maybe? The load is gzipped using this sample code: http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms751458.aspx - Could the code be buggy once in a while when used concurrently? I should test without the gzip library. b) Why would I see step 1 & step 2 running AFTER the corrupted operation timed out? It seems to me as if these operations should not have occurred. Maybe I am not looking at the right stream because my understanding of TCP is flawed. I have other streams that occur at the same time. I should investigate other streams - a quick glance at streams 190-194 show that the Step3 POST have proper payload data (not corrupted). Pushing me to look at the gzip library again.

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• Inaccurate performance counter timer values in Windows Performance Monitor

  - by krisg

  I am implementing instrumentation within an application and have encountered an issue where the value that is displayed in Windows Performance Monitor from a PerformanceCounter is incongruent with the value that is recorded. I am using a Stopwatch to record the duration of a method execution, then first i record the total milliseconds as a double, and secondly i pass the Stopwatch's TimeSpan.Ticks to the PerformanceCounter to be recorded in the Performance Monitor. Creating the Performance Counters in perfmon: var datas = new CounterCreationDataCollection(); datas.Add(new CounterCreationData { CounterName = name, CounterType = PerformanceCounterType.AverageTimer32 }); datas.Add(new CounterCreationData { CounterName = namebase, CounterType = PerformanceCounterType.AverageBase }); PerformanceCounterCategory.Create("Category", "performance data", PerformanceCounterCategoryType.SingleInstance, datas); Then to record i retrieve a pre-initialized counter from a collection and increment: _counters[counter].IncrementBy(timing); _counters[counterbase].Increment(); ...where "timing" is the Stopwatch's TimeSpan.Ticks value. When this runs, the collection of double's, which are the milliseconds values for the Stopwatch's TimeSpan show one set of values, but what appears in PerfMon are a different set of values. For example... two values recorded in the List of milliseconds are: 23322.675, 14230.614 And what appears in PerfMon graph are: 15.546, 9.930 Can someone explain this please?

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• How to return DropDownList selections dynamically in C#?

  - by salvationishere

  This is probably a simple question but I am developing a web app in C# with DropDownList. Currently it is working for just one DropDownList. But now that I modified the code so that number of DropDownLists that should appear is dynamic, it gives me error; "The name 'ddl' does not exist in the current context." The reason for this error is that there a multiple instances of 'ddl' = number of counters. So how do I instead return more than one 'ddl'? Like what return type should this method have instead? And how do I return these values? Reason I need it dynamic is I need to create one DropDownList for each column in whatever Adventureworks table they select. private DropDownList CreateDropDownLists() { for (int counter = 0; counter < NumberOfControls; counter++) { DropDownList ddl = new DropDownList(); SqlDataReader dr2 = ADONET_methods.DisplayTableColumns(targettable); ddl.ID = "DropDownListID" + (counter + 1).ToString(); int NumControls = targettable.Length; DataTable dt = new DataTable(); dt.Load(dr2); ddl.DataValueField = "COLUMN_NAME"; ddl.DataTextField = "COLUMN_NAME"; ddl.DataSource = dt; ddl.ID = "DropDownListID 1"; ddl.SelectedIndexChanged += new EventHandler(ddlList_SelectedIndexChanged); ddl.DataBind(); ddl.AutoPostBack = true; ddl.EnableViewState = true; //Preserves View State info on Postbacks //ddlList.Style["position"] = "absolute"; //ddl.Style["top"] = 80 + "px"; //ddl.Style["left"] = 0 + "px"; dr2.Close(); } return ddl; }

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• How to return DropDownList selections dynamically in ASP.NET?

  - by salvationishere

  This is probably a simple question but I am developing a web app in C# with DropDownList. Currently it is working for just one DropDownList. But now that I modified the code so that number of DropDownLists that should appear is dynamic, it gives me error; "The name 'ddl' does not exist in the current context." The reason for this error is that there a multiple instances of 'ddl' = number of counters. So how do I instead return more than one 'ddl'? Like what return type should this method have instead? And how do I return these values? Reason I need it dynamic is I need to create one DropDownList for each column in whatever Adventureworks table they select. private DropDownList CreateDropDownLists() { for (int counter = 0; counter < NumberOfControls; counter++) { DropDownList ddl = new DropDownList(); SqlDataReader dr2 = ADONET_methods.DisplayTableColumns(targettable); ddl.ID = "DropDownListID" + (counter + 1).ToString(); int NumControls = targettable.Length; DataTable dt = new DataTable(); dt.Load(dr2); ddl.DataValueField = "COLUMN_NAME"; ddl.DataTextField = "COLUMN_NAME"; ddl.DataSource = dt; ddl.ID = "DropDownListID 1"; ddl.SelectedIndexChanged += new EventHandler(ddlList_SelectedIndexChanged); ddl.DataBind(); ddl.AutoPostBack = true; ddl.EnableViewState = true; //Preserves View State info on Postbacks //ddlList.Style["position"] = "absolute"; //ddl.Style["top"] = 80 + "px"; //ddl.Style["left"] = 0 + "px"; dr2.Close(); } return ddl; }

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• branch prediction

  - by Alexander

  Consider the following sequence of actual outcomes for a single static branch. T means the branch is taken. N means the branch is not taken. For this question, assume that this is the only branch in the program. T T T N T N T T T N T N T T T N T N Assume a two-level branch predictor that uses one bit of branch history—i.e., a one-bit BHR. Since there is only one branch in the program, it does not matter how the BHR is concatenated with the branch PC to index the BHT. Assume that the BHT uses one-bit counters and that, again, all entries are initialized to N. Which of the branches in this sequence would be mis-predicted? Use the table below. Now I am not asking answers to this question, rather than guides and pointers on this. What does a two level branch predictor means and how does it works? What does the BHR and BHT stands for?

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• Calculate shortest path through a grocery store

  - by Bart

  Hi, I'm trying to find a way to find the shortest path through a grocery store, visiting a list of locations (shopping list). The path should start at a specified startposition and can end at multiple endpositions (there are multiple checkout counters). Also, I have some predefined constraints on the path, such as "item x on the shopping list needs to be the last, second last, or third last item on the path". There is a function that will return true or false for a given path. Finally, this needs to be calculated with limited cpu power (on a smartphone) and within a second or so. If this isn't possible, then an approximation to the optimal path is also ok. Is this possible? So far I think I need to start by calculating the distance between every item on the list using something like A* or Dijkstra's. After that, should I treat it like the travelling salesman problem? Because in my problem there is a specified startnode, specified endnodes, and some constraints, which are not in the travelling salesman problem. Any help would be appreciated :)

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