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  • User Mode Linux - Installing a module error

    - by Zach
    I am trying to run 'make' on a module in User Mode Linux to install a simple makefile. Here is my make file: obj-m := hello.o KDIR := /lib/modules/$(shell uname -r)/build PWD := $(shell pwd) default: $(MAKE) -C $(KDIR) SUBDIRS=$(PWD) modules When I run this in User Mode Linux I get the following error: make[1]: Entering directory /lib/modules/2.6.28/build' make[1]: *** No rule to make targetmodules'. Stop. make[1]: Leaving directory `/lib/modules/2.6.28/build' make: * [default] Error 2 The problem is that no files are present under /lib/modules/. There's no directory for 2.6.28 or build. From what I've read, these should be symlinks to /usr/src, but under /usr/src, I don't see any files under that either.

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  • Linux - Programmatically write to a proc file

    - by Zach
    I have found several examples online where we can create a proc file, assign read and write methods that are called every time the proc file is opened for read or written to. However, I can't seem to find any documentation on how to programatically write to a proc file. Ideally, I would like to add a timestamp with other user details every time the proc file is opened for read or for write. Again, I've found where I can add the read and write functions that are triggered when the proc file is opened, but I can't find documentation on how to actually write to a proc file programatically. This would be different from a regular IO read/write, correct?

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  • How to switch to a generic kernel in a headless Ubuntu Server 12.04?

    - by chmike
    I just got a dedicated server with Ubuntu 12.04 installed with a custom compiled kernel. Since I would like to install VirtualBox and this custom kernel doesn't support dynamic module loading (for security) I need to change the kernel. I'm running some Ubuntu servers for years but never palyed with grub and a headless computer. When the command update-grub is run it shows the different kernel it finds. Here is what I see Generating grub.cfg ... Found linux image: /boot/bzImage-3.2.13-xxxx-grs-ipv6-64 Found linux image: /boot/vmlinuz-3.2.0-34-generic Found initrd image: /boot/initrd.img-3.2.0-34-generic No volume groups found done The first one is the active one as seen with uname -r. To me it looks like the second kernel is the one I should use. But I don't know how to configure grub2 to use it. The computer is also configured with a software RAID using mdadm I guess. Never used that before. I don't know if playing with the grub of changing kernel could brake this. What must I do to set the generic kernel as the default one so that I can get VirtualBox running.

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  • Kernel panic while loading Mac OS X on VMWare

    - by Vladimir Gritsenko
    I have Mac OS X 10.6.3 and VMWare 7.1. Trying to run the OS X doesn't work - shortly after booting VMWare announces the machine's death with this pop-up message: The CPU has been disabled by the guest operating system. You will need to power off or reset the virtual machine at this point. The console has a more interesting announcement: The real-time clock was not properly initialized on your system! With a dump of the detected CPU speed (~2.9 GHz), FSB (~94 MHz) and bus ratio (31). Somehow, the code that panics is documented in an accidental .diff file here. Apparently, it commits seppuku if the bus ratio is greater than 30. I underclocked my E6500 to a slower speed, but this apparently didn't make any difference. I can think of two possibilities right now: The CPU info being read is constant, and defines the maximum ability of the CPU. In which case it appears I'm screwed. VMWare presents its own CPU info to the machine, which I can perhaps somehow change. If so, how? If these sound completely off, that's because I'm a real newbie in these matters. Here's hoping you guys can show me the light :-)

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  • Kernel Panic - Not Syncing: Fatal exception

    - by user3513346
    Server (HP Proliant D320e G8 v2) froze at this screen during boot today (running CentOS 6.5): I was able to get the server to boot after a 'press and hold'. I've been having many problems with the server lately - mainly related to the iLO and being unable to install CentOS 7. Could someone please help me decode this screen? Does it suggest there could be a serious problem? Or does this just happen sometimes? It is possible that the OS wasn't 'shutdown' properly before the failed boot.

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  • Kernel panic while loading Mac OS X on VMWare

    - by Vladimir Gritsenko
    I'm trying to run Mac OS X 10.6.3 on VMWare 7.1 from within Windows 7 64 bit. Trying to run the OS X doesn't work - shortly after booting VMWare announces the machine's death with this pop-up message: The CPU has been disabled by the guest operating system. You will need to power off or reset the virtual machine at this point. The console has a more interesting announcement: The real-time clock was not properly initialized on your system! With a dump of the detected CPU speed (~2.9 GHz), FSB (~94 MHz) and bus ratio (31). Somehow, the code that panics is documented in an accidental .diff file here. Apparently, it commits seppuku if the bus ratio is greater than 30. I underclocked my E6500 to a slower speed, but this apparently didn't make any difference. I can think of two possibilities right now: The CPU info being read is constant, and defines the maximum ability of the CPU. In which case it appears I'm screwed. VMWare presents its own CPU info to the machine, which I can perhaps somehow change. If so, how? If these sound completely off, that's because I'm a real newbie in these matters. Here's hoping you guys can show me the light :-)

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  • Panic Transmit file upload

    - by 1ndivisible
    I've ditched Coda and bought Transmit. I'm a little confused by the file uploading. I have exactly the same folder structure remotely and locally, but if I right-click a file and choose Upload "SomeFileName.html" The file is always uploaded into the root of the remote site, even if the file is in a folder. If I choose to upload a file at assets/images/some_image.png I would expect it to be uploaded to the same folder on the remote server, not the root. Coda dealt with this perfectly and also told me what files had been modified and needed uploading. Transmit doesn't seem to do either of these things. So my questions are: How can I upload a file to the same path on the remote server without having to drag and drop Is there any way to have Transmit mark edited files or upload only edited files. [There is no tag for Transmit so if someone with more rep could make and add one that would be grand]

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  • Installing Linux kernel 2.6.25.14 on RHEL 5.4

    - by aaron
    I have to install Linux kernel version 2.5.25.14 on a RHEL 5.4 server because of drive compatibility issues. I follow the RedHat "Building a Custom Kernel" instructions running the following: $ make mrproper $ make xconfig $ make clean $ make bzImage $ make modules $ make modules_install $ make install But I get a bunch of warnings like this: WARNING: No module ehci-hcd found for kernel 2.6.25.24, continuing anyway When I try to boot this kernel it is unable to mount the hard drive, and kernel panics on startup. As far as I can tell I'm using a standard configuration (I just accept the defaults and save a .config file). Is there something I'm missing? Thanks.

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  • VMWare tools on Ubuntu Server 10.10 kernel source problem

    - by Hamid Elaosta
    After install and running the vm-ware config, the config needs my kernel headers to compile some modules, ok, so I'll give it them, but it just won't work. It asks for the path of the directory of C header files that match my running kernel. If I uname -r I get 2.6.35-22-generic-pae So I tell it the source path is /lib/modules/2.6.25-22-generic-pae/build/include and it returns "The directory of kernel headers (version @@VMWARE@@ UTS_RELEASE) does not match your running kernel (version 2.6.35-22-generic-pae). ..I'm confused? can anyone offer suggestions please? I installed hte kernel source andh eaders myself using sudo apt-get install linux-headers-$(uname -r)

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  • VMWare tools on Ubuntu Server 10.10 kernel source problem

    - by Hamid Elaosta
    After install and running the vm-ware config, the config needs my kernel headers to compile some modules, ok, so I'll give it them, but it just won't work. It asks for the path of the directory of C header files that match my running kernel. If I uname -r I get 2.6.35-22-generic-pae So I tell it the source path is /lib/modules/2.6.25-22-generic-pae/build/include and it returns "The directory of kernel headers (version @@VMWARE@@ UTS_RELEASE) does not match your running kernel (version 2.6.35-22-generic-pae). ..I'm confused? can anyone offer suggestions please? I installed hte kernel source andh eaders myself using sudo apt-get install linux-headers-$(uname -r)

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  • Database or website of kernel config files ?

    - by Kami
    I've experienced some kernel panic after trying to compile gentoo kernel for a Sun UltraSPARC T5120 Server. The kernel panic came from a missing support for the SAS disk controller in the menu config. I've wasted so much time because I had no clue about the hardware I was using. I know that the kernel config depends on what you plan to do with your machine but I want to have a configuration file that at least match my hardware ! Is there a website or database that provides menuconfig's kernel configuration files for known or branded hardware like Dell Server or Apple computers ?

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  • 10.10 freezing when sftp downloading

    - by aGr
    My ubuntu 10.10 is freezing during downloading from my other computer on sftp. I thought it might be some nautilus issues so I tried it via command line and I got the same thing - after few minutes the whole computer freezes. Mostly the numlock led is blinking (I've heard somewhere that this means a kernel panic), but not in 100% cases. I dunno if that helps but here is a log from /var/log/message in the time that this happened. At least I hope so - it wasn't that big, when it happened before. But this looks quite "errorish", right? (isn't complete - see bottom) Jan 5 17:57:49 tomas-ntb kernel: imklog 4.2.0, log source = /proc/kmsg started. Jan 5 17:57:49 tomas-ntb rsyslogd: [origin software="rsyslogd" swVersion="4.2.0" x-pid="953" x-info="http://www.rsyslog.com"] (re)start Jan 5 17:57:49 tomas-ntb rsyslogd: rsyslogd's groupid changed to 103 Jan 5 17:57:49 tomas-ntb rsyslogd: rsyslogd's userid changed to 101 Jan 5 17:57:49 tomas-ntb kernel: [ 0.000000] Initializing cgroup subsys cpuset Jan 5 17:57:49 tomas-ntb kernel: [ 0.000000] Initializing cgroup subsys cpu Jan 5 17:57:49 tomas-ntb kernel: [ 0.000000] Linux version 2.6.35-24-generic (buildd@vernadsky) (gcc version 4.4.5 (Ubuntu/Linaro 4.4.4-14ubuntu5) ) #42-Ubuntu SMP Thu Dec 2 01:41:57 UTC 2010 (Ubuntu 2.6.35-24.42-generic 2.6.35.8) Jan 5 17:57:49 tomas-ntb kernel: [ 0.000000] BIOS-provided physical RAM map: Jan 5 17:57:49 tomas-ntb kernel: [ 0.000000] BIOS-e820: 0000000000000000 - 000000000009e800 (usable) Jan 5 17:57:49 tomas-ntb kernel: [ 0.000000] BIOS-e820: 000000000009e800 - 00000000000a0000 (reserved) Jan 5 17:57:49 tomas-ntb kernel: [ 0.000000] BIOS-e820: 00000000000e0000 - 0000000000100000 (reserved) Jan 5 17:57:49 tomas-ntb kernel: [ 0.000000] BIOS-e820: 0000000000100000 - 00000000dffa8000 (usable) Jan 5 17:57:49 tomas-ntb kernel: [ 0.000000] BIOS-e820: 00000000dffa8000 - 00000000dffb0000 (ACPI NVS) Jan 5 17:57:49 tomas-ntb kernel: [ 0.000000] BIOS-e820: 00000000dffb0000 - 00000000dffbff00 (ACPI data) Jan 5 17:57:49 tomas-ntb kernel: [ 0.000000] BIOS-e820: 00000000dffbff00 - 00000000dfff0000 (ACPI NVS) Jan 5 17:57:49 tomas-ntb kernel: [ 0.000000] BIOS-e820: 00000000dfff0000 - 00000000e0000000 (reserved) Jan 5 17:57:49 tomas-ntb kernel: [ 0.000000] BIOS-e820: 00000000fec00000 - 00000000fec01000 (reserved) Jan 5 17:57:49 tomas-ntb kernel: [ 0.000000] BIOS-e820: 00000000fee00000 - 00000000fee01000 (reserved) Jan 5 17:57:49 tomas-ntb kernel: [ 0.000000] BIOS-e820: 00000000ff700000 - 0000000100000000 (reserved) Jan 5 17:57:49 tomas-ntb kernel: [ 0.000000] BIOS-e820: 0000000100000000 - 0000000120000000 (usable) Jan 5 17:57:49 tomas-ntb kernel: [ 0.000000] BIOS-e820: 0000000120000000 - 0000000140000000 (reserved) Jan 5 17:57:49 tomas-ntb kernel: [ 0.000000] Notice: NX (Execute Disable) protection cannot be enabled: non-PAE kernel! Jan 5 17:57:49 tomas-ntb kernel: [ 0.000000] DMI 2.5 present. Jan 5 17:57:49 tomas-ntb kernel: [ 0.000000] AMI BIOS detected: BIOS may corrupt low RAM, working around it. Jan 5 17:57:49 tomas-ntb kernel: [ 0.000000] last_pfn = 0xdffa8 max_arch_pfn = 0x100000 Jan 5 17:57:49 tomas-ntb kernel: [ 0.000000] x86 PAT enabled: cpu 0, old 0x7040600070406, new 0x7010600070106 Jan 5 17:57:49 tomas-ntb kernel: [ 0.000000] Scanning 0 areas for low memory corruption Jan 5 17:57:49 tomas-ntb kernel: [ 0.000000] modified physical RAM map: Jan 5 17:57:49 tomas-ntb kernel: [ 0.000000] modified: 0000000000000000 - 0000000000010000 (reserved) Jan 5 17:57:49 tomas-ntb kernel: [ 0.000000] modified: 0000000000010000 - 000000000009e800 (usable) Jan 5 17:57:49 tomas-ntb kernel: [ 0.000000] modified: 000000000009e800 - 00000000000a0000 (reserved) Jan 5 17:57:49 tomas-ntb kernel: [ 0.000000] modified: 00000000000e0000 - 0000000000100000 (reserved) Jan 5 17:57:49 tomas-ntb kernel: [ 0.000000] modified: 0000000000100000 - 00000000dffa8000 (usable) ... to long - for whole and better view click here

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  • Problem with bootstrap loader and kernel

    - by dboarman-FissureStudios
    We are working on a project to learn how to write a kernel and learn the ins and outs. We have a bootstrap loader written and it appears to work. However we are having a problem with the kernel loading. I'll start with the first part: bootloader.asm: [BITS 16] [ORG 0x0000] ; ; all the stuff in between ; ; the bottom of the bootstrap loader datasector dw 0x0000 cluster dw 0x0000 ImageName db "KERNEL SYS" msgLoading db 0x0D, 0x0A, "Loading Kernel Shell", 0x0D, 0x0A, 0x00 msgCRLF db 0x0D, 0x0A, 0x00 msgProgress db ".", 0x00 msgFailure db 0x0D, 0x0A, "ERROR : Press key to reboot", 0x00 TIMES 510-($-$$) DB 0 DW 0xAA55 ;************************************************************************* The bootloader.asm is too long for the editor without causing it to chug and choke. In addition, the bootloader and kernel do work within bochs as we do get the message "Welcome to our OS". Anyway, the following is what we have for a kernel at this point. kernel.asm: [BITS 16] [ORG 0x0000] [SEGMENT .text] ; code segment mov ax, 0x0100 ; location where kernel is loaded mov ds, ax mov es, ax cli mov ss, ax ; stack segment mov sp, 0xFFFF ; stack pointer at 64k limit sti mov si, strWelcomeMsg ; load message call _disp_str mov ah, 0x00 int 0x16 ; interrupt: await keypress int 0x19 ; interrupt: reboot _disp_str: lodsb ; load next character or al, al ; test for NUL character jz .DONE mov ah, 0x0E ; BIOS teletype mov bh, 0x00 ; display page 0 mov bl, 0x07 ; text attribute int 0x10 ; interrupt: invoke BIOS jmp _disp_str .DONE: ret [SEGMENT .data] ; initialized data segment strWelcomeMsg db "Welcome to our OS", 0x00 [SEGMENT .bss] ; uninitialized data segment Using nasm 2.06rc2 I compile as such: nasm bootloader.asm -o bootloader.bin -f bin nasm kernel.asm -o kernel.sys -f bin We write bootloader.bin to the floppy as such: dd if=bootloader.bin bs=512 count=1 of/dev/fd0 We write kernel.sys to the floppy as such: cp kernel.sys /dev/fd0 As I stated, this works in bochs. But booting from the floppy we get output like so: Loading Kernel Shell ........... ERROR : Press key to reboot Other specifics: OpenSUSE 11.2, GNOME desktop, AMD x64 Any other information I may have missed, feel free to ask. I tried to get everything in here that would be needed. If I need to, I can find a way to get the entire bootloader.asm posted somewhere. We are not really interested in using GRUB either for several reasons. This could change, but we want to see this boot successful before we really consider GRUB.

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  • CentOS OpenVZ fail to boot after kernel update

    - by SkechBoy
    After upgrading to latest OpenVZ kernel CentOS server won't boot. When i try go boot the latest kernel server is stuck at this point: (note that images are taken from virtual kvm) http://i.stack.imgur.com/4lusz.jpg Then i try to start the server on some old kernels and than i get this error message: kernel panic - not syncing - attempted to kill init better shown on this image: http://i.stack.imgur.com/2SReF.jpg Here is some useful information fdisk -l WARNING: GPT (GUID Partition Table) detected on '/dev/sda'! The util fdisk doesn't support GPT. Use GNU Parted. Disk /dev/sda: 2995.7 GB, 2995739688960 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 364211 cylinders Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x0004c4e4 Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sda1 1 523 4199044+ 82 Linux swap / Solaris /dev/sda2 524 785 2104515 83 Linux /dev/sda3 786 261869 2097157230 83 Linux /dev/sda4 261870 364211 822062115 83 Linux /etc/fstab proc /proc proc defaults 0 0 none /dev/pts devpts gid=5,mode=620 0 0 /dev/sda1 none swap sw 0 0 /dev/sda2 /boot ext3 defaults 0 0 /dev/sda3 / ext3 defaults 0 0 /dev/sda4 /home ext3 defaults 0 0 and grub config file: title OpenVZ (2.6.18-274.18.1.el5.028stab098.1) root (hd0,1) kernel /vmlinuz-2.6.18-274.18.1.el5.028stab098.1 ro root=/dev/sda3 vga=0x317 selinux=0 initrd /initrd-2.6.18-274.18.1.el5.028stab098.1.img title OpenVZ (2.6.18-274.7.1.el5.028stab095.1) root (hd0,1) kernel /vmlinuz-2.6.18-274.7.1.el5.028stab095.1 ro root=/dev/sda3 vga=0x317 selinux=0 initrd /initrd-2.6.18-274.7.1.el5.028stab095.1.img title OpenVZ (2.6.18-194.8.1.el5.028stab070.4) root (hd0,1) kernel /vmlinuz-2.6.18-194.8.1.el5.028stab070.4 ro root=/dev/sda3 vga=0x317 initrd /initrd-2.6.18-194.8.1.el5.028stab070.4.img Any help is greatly appreciated Thanks.

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  • Is it possible to call a user-space callback function from kernel space in Linux (ioctl)?

    - by Makis
    Is it possible to expand the ioctl interface in Linux so that the user-space application can send a pointer to a function to the kernel space driver? I'm in particular thinking of ways to handle the stream in user-controllable way but doing it in the kernel. Those operations could be attached to the kernel module but this would make development a lot easier as I wouldn't need to mess with the kernel during development. More specifically, this would be the process: Data is read by the driver to a buffer. Data is handled by these user-defined functions in place. Some more handling is done, possibly with some HW blocks. Data is used by a user-space application.

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  • xen domUs crashes or unavailability

    - by Rush
    I've xen server with 8 domU. Server is Xeon E31270 with 16gb ram. I think it is enough for 8 machines. Sometimes domU's crashes and i can't figure out the reason. After crash i can connect to console and there is somthing like this: Oct 8 22:20:49 server kernel: [30892.320780] lowmem_reserve[]: 0 0 0 0 Oct 8 22:20:49 server kernel: [30892.320790] Node 0 DMA: 10*4kB 3*8kB 13*16kB 10*32kB 7*64kB 3*128kB 2*256kB 2*512kB 1*1024kB 2*2048kB 0*4096kB = 8080kB Oct 8 22:20:49 server kernel: [30892.320817] Node 0 DMA32: 648*4kB 2*8kB 1*16kB 0*32kB 1*64kB 0*128kB 0*256kB 0*512kB 1*1024kB 1*2048kB 0*4096kB = 5760kB Oct 8 22:20:49 server kernel: [30892.320842] 1491 total pagecache pages Oct 8 22:20:49 server kernel: [30892.320847] 0 pages in swap cache Oct 8 22:20:49 server kernel: [30892.320852] Swap cache stats: add 0, delete 0, find 0/0 Oct 8 22:20:49 server kernel: [30892.320858] Free swap = 0kB Oct 8 22:20:49 server kernel: [30892.320862] Total swap = 0kB Oct 8 22:20:49 server kernel: [30892.324024] 524288 pages RAM Oct 8 22:20:49 server kernel: [30892.324024] 11010 pages reserved Oct 8 22:20:49 server kernel: [30892.324024] 424467 pages shared Oct 8 22:20:49 server kernel: [30892.324024] 503538 pages non-shared Oct 8 22:20:49 server kernel: [30892.330308] apache2 invoked oom-killer: gfp_mask=0x200da, order=0, oom_adj=0 Oct 8 22:20:49 server kernel: [30892.330322] apache2 cpuset=/ mems_allowed=0 Oct 8 22:20:49 server kernel: [30892.330330] Pid: 23938, comm: apache2 Not tainted 2.6.32-5-xen-amd64 #1 Oct 8 22:20:49 server kernel: [30892.330337] Call Trace: Oct 8 22:20:49 server kernel: [30892.330349] [<ffffffff810b7180>] ? oom_kill_process+0x7f/0x23f Oct 8 22:20:49 server kernel: [30892.330358] [<ffffffff810b76a4>] ? __out_of_memory+0x12a/0x141 Oct 8 22:20:49 server kernel: [30892.330367] [<ffffffff810b77fb>] ? out_of_memory+0x140/0x172 Oct 8 22:20:49 server kernel: [30892.330376] [<ffffffff810bb59c>] ? __alloc_pages_nodemask+0x4e5/0x5f5 Oct 8 22:20:49 server kernel: [30892.330385] [<ffffffff810cc224>] ? do_wp_page+0x386/0x707 Oct 8 22:20:49 server kernel: [30892.330395] [<ffffffff8100c3a5>] ? __raw_callee_save_xen_pud_val+0x11/0x1e Oct 8 22:20:49 server kernel: [30892.330404] [<ffffffff8100c369>] ? __raw_callee_save_xen_pmd_val+0x11/0x1e Oct 8 22:20:49 server kernel: [30892.330412] [<ffffffff810cdfc7>] ? handle_mm_fault+0x7aa/0x80f Oct 8 22:20:49 server kernel: [30892.330422] [<ffffffff8130f906>] ? do_page_fault+0x2e0/0x2fc Oct 8 22:20:49 server kernel: [30892.330433] [<ffffffff8130d7a5>] ? page_fault+0x25/0x30 Oct 8 22:20:49 server kernel: [30892.330439] Mem-Info: Oct 8 22:20:49 server kernel: [30892.330443] Node 0 DMA per-cpu: Oct 8 22:20:49 server kernel: [30892.330450] CPU 0: hi: 0, btch: 1 usd: 0 Oct 8 22:20:49 server kernel: [30892.330463] CPU 1: hi: 0, btch: 1 usd: 0 Oct 8 22:20:49 server kernel: [30892.330466] Node 0 DMA32 per-cpu: Oct 8 22:20:49 server kernel: [30892.330469] CPU 0: hi: 186, btch: 31 usd: 0 Oct 8 22:20:49 server kernel: [30892.330472] CPU 1: hi: 186, btch: 31 usd: 60 Oct 8 22:20:49 server kernel: [30892.330476] active_anon:342076 inactive_anon:115398 isolated_anon:0 Oct 8 22:20:49 server kernel: [30892.330477] active_file:268 inactive_file:481 isolated_file:0 Oct 8 22:20:49 server kernel: [30892.330477] unevictable:1125 dirty:2 writeback:13 unstable:0 Oct 8 22:20:49 server kernel: [30892.330478] free:3410 slab_reclaimable:1718 slab_unreclaimable:6946 Oct 8 22:20:49 server kernel: [30892.330478] mapped:899 shmem:113 pagetables:35697 bounce:0 Oct 8 22:20:49 server kernel: [30892.330502] Node 0 DMA free:8036kB min:32kB low:40kB high:48kB active_anon:1144kB inactive_anon:1268kB active_file:8kB inactive_file:8kB unevictable:0kB isolated(anon):0kB isolated(file):0kB present:11792kB mlocked:0kB dirty:0kB writeback:0kB mapped:0kB shmem:0kB slab_reclaimable:0kB slab_unreclaimable:224kB kernel_stack:16kB pagetables:1228kB unstable:0kB bounce:0kB writeback_tmp:0kB pages_scanned:0 all_unreclaimable? no Oct 8 22:20:49 server kernel: [30892.330518] lowmem_reserve[]: 0 2004 2004 2004 Oct 8 22:20:49 server kernel: [30892.330523] Node 0 DMA32 free:5604kB min:5708kB low:7132kB high:8560kB active_anon:1367160kB inactive_anon:460324kB active_file:1064kB inactive_file:1916kB unevictable:4500kB isolated(anon):0kB isolated(file):0kB present:2052320kB mlocked:4500kB dirty:8kB writeback:52kB mapped:3600kB shmem:452kB slab_reclaimable:6872kB slab_unreclaimable:27560kB kernel_stack:3528kB pagetables:141560kB unstable:0kB bounce:0kB writeback_tmp:0kB pages_scanned:992 all_unreclaimable? no Oct 8 22:20:49 server kernel: [30892.330539] lowmem_reserve[]: 0 0 0 0 Oct 8 22:20:49 server kernel: [30892.330544] Node 0 DMA: 1*4kB 2*8kB 13*16kB 10*32kB 7*64kB 3*128kB 2*256kB 2*512kB 1*1024kB 2*2048kB 0*4096kB = 8036kB Oct 8 22:20:49 server kernel: [30892.330579] Node 0 DMA32: 609*4kB 2*8kB 1*16kB 0*32kB 1*64kB 0*128kB 0*256kB 0*512kB 1*1024kB 1*2048kB 0*4096kB = 5604kB Oct 8 22:20:49 server kernel: [30892.330605] 1522 total pagecache pages Oct 8 22:20:49 server kernel: [30892.330610] 0 pages in swap cache Oct 8 22:20:49 server kernel: [30892.330615] Swap cache stats: add 0, delete 0, find 0/0 Oct 8 22:20:49 server kernel: [30892.330621] Free swap = 0kB Oct 8 22:20:49 server kernel: [30892.330625] Total swap = 0kB Oct 8 22:20:49 server kernel: [30892.333018] 524288 pages RAM Oct 8 22:20:49 server kernel: [30892.333018] 11010 pages reserved Oct 8 22:20:49 server kernel: [30892.333018] 424367 pages shared Oct 8 22:20:49 server kernel: [30892.333018] 503658 pages non-shared Seems like there isn't enough memory for this domU. But there is no any memory problems reported in munin monitoring: As you see system uses around 0.2G and 1G is available. So my question is: Is it xen specific problem, that real memory usage and memory usage that shows munin are different (I've never seen such problems oh real hardware machines)? Or maybe it is just monitoring problem, that can't catch moment when there is unusual high load and domU go down? And how I can to defeat this problem? it is really annoying to catch messages in e-mail that domU went down. Btw, such situation was when domU had 2G memory.

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  • Is it easier to write filesystem drivers in userspace than in kernel space?

    - by Jack
    I will use the Linux NTFS driver as an example. The Linux kernel NTFS driver only has very limited write support in the kernel, and after 5 years it is still considered experimental. The same development team creates the ntfsmount userspace driver, which has almost perfect write support. Likewise, the NTFS-3G project which is written by a different team also has almost perfect write support. Why has the kernel drive taken so much longer? Is it much harder to develop for? Saying that there already exists a decent userspace application is not a reason why the kernel driver is not compelte. NOTE: Do not migrate this to superuser.com. I want a programing heavy answer, from a programming perspective, not a practical use answer. If the question is not appropriate for SO, please advise me as to why so I can edit it so it is.

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  • How to force Debian to boot new Kernel?

    - by ThE_-_BliZZarD
    I'm running Debian 6, Debian GNU/Linux, with Linux 2.6.32-5-amd64 under Grub2 ( 1.98+20100804-14+squeeze1) on a remote system (no possibility to view the pre-boot messages). I compiled and installed a new kernel, but I can not get it to boot. What I have done: Installed the packages via: dpkg -i linux-headers-3.5.3.20120914-amd64_3.5.3.20120914-amd64-10.00.Custom_amd64.deb linux-image-3.5.3.20120914-amd64_3.5.3.20120914-amd64-10.00.Custom_amd64.deb This updated the Grub configuration. My /boot/grub/grub.cfg now contains: menuentry 'Debian GNU/Linux, with Linux 3.5.3.20120914-amd64' --class debian --class gnu-linux --class gnu --class os { insmod raid insmod mdraid insmod part_msdos insmod part_msdos insmod ext2 set root='(md0)' search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set 5a3882a9-c7df-4f6a-9feb-f03e3e37be01 echo 'Loading Linux 3.5.3.20120914-amd64 ...' linux /vmlinuz-3.5.3.20120914-amd64 root=UUID=003242b5-121b-49f3-b32f-1b40aea56eed ro acpi=ht quiet panic=10 echo 'Loading initial ramdisk ...' initrd /initrd.img-3.5.3.20120914-amd64 } menuentry 'Debian GNU/Linux, with Linux 2.6.32-5-amd64' --class debian --class gnu-linux --class gnu --class os { insmod raid insmod mdraid insmod part_msdos insmod part_msdos insmod ext2 set root='(md0)' search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set 5a3882a9-c7df-4f6a-9feb-f03e3e37be01 echo 'Loading Linux 2.6.32-5-amd64 ...' linux /vmlinuz-2.6.32-5-amd64 root=UUID=003242b5-121b-49f3-b32f-1b40aea56eed ro acpi=ht quiet panic=10 echo 'Loading initial ramdisk ...' initrd /initrd.img-2.6.32-5-amd64 } I used grub-set-default "Debian GNU/Linux, with Linux 2.6.32-5-amd64" to set the old kernel as default and then grub-reboot "Debian GNU/Linux, with Linux 3.5.3.20120914-amd64" to boot into the new kernel once. After update-grub I rebooted the system, but everytime it comes back up with the old kernel (2.6). I tried setting the new one as default (grub-set-default 0, update-grub, reboot) but, still the old one. The Syslogs contain NO hint whatsoever about trying to boot the new kernel - only the old one. Would there be any hints regarding problems with a kernel? Is there a way to enable debug-logging in grub? What am I doing wrong? How can I force the system to boot the new kernel? Edit: Hardware of remote machine. CPU cat /proc/cpuinfo processor : 0 vendor_id : AuthenticAMD cpu family : 16 model : 5 model name : AMD Athlon(tm) II X4 605e Processor stepping : 3 cpu MHz : 2294.898 cache size : 512 KB physical id : 0 siblings : 4 core id : 0 cpu cores : 4 apicid : 0 initial apicid : 0 fpu : yes fpu_exception : yes cpuid level : 5 wp : yes flags : fpu vme de pse tsc msr pae mce cx8 apic sep mtrr pge mca cmov pat pse36 clflush mmx fxsr sse sse2 ht syscall nx mmxext fxsr_opt pdpe1gb rdtscp lm 3dnowext 3dnow constant_tsc rep_good nonstop_tsc extd_apicid pni monitor cx16 popcnt lahf_lm cmp_legacy svm extapic cr8_legacy abm sse4a misalignsse 3dnowprefetch osvw ibs skinit wdt bogomips : 4589.77 TLB size : 1024 4K pages clflush size : 64 cache_alignment : 64 address sizes : 48 bits physical, 48 bits virtual power management: ts ttp tm stc 100mhzsteps hwpstate (copied only the first, 3 more follow) The server is a Fujitsu PRIMERGY MX130 S1.

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  • How can I remove new kernel versions after downgrading?

    - by Pawel
    i have some problem. First i upgraded ubuntu to 12.04 and all of packages. But after that i have a lot of problems so i decided to downgrade to 11.10. After i did that i have two kernels 3.2.x and 3.0.x. I found a lot of solutions how to remove older kernels but i have no idea how to remove newer kernel ? I dont see 3.2 kernel when im using a 3.0 kernel. But i see it in grub. When i type uname -r in terminal i see only 3.0.x kernel which im using at the moment.. Any solutions to delete 3.2 kernel ?

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  • How can i modify my Grub 1.99 configurations to install a new kernel?

    - by abhi
    I have configured kernel 3.2.x and made some changes in the kernel. I have compiled it and have the compiled image of the kernel with me. The problem i am facing is as in how to modify the boot loader Grub 1.99 in my case, so that i can boot through the new kernel i have compiled. I looked on net for any tutorials but all of them talked about older versions of Grub ? Can someone please give some info or point me towards some resource ? Currently i have compiled my new custom kernel image and have copied it to /boot.

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  • Problem upgrading kernel on debian 3.1

    - by exhuma
    Hi, I have a quite old box in a remote server farm. So I have no direct access. Only remote SSH (and via SSH to a serial console). I haven't updated this box in ages. Now, whenever I want to install a new package, a dependency to glibc appears. Unfortunately, the install of glibc depends on a 2.6 kernel and I am running a venerable 2.4 kernel (one more reason to upgrade). The problem is, that the install of a new kernel has an indirect (over locales) dependency to glibc. So, to install glibc, I need a new kernel. For a new kernel, I need to upgrade glibc. Essentially I am blocked. What's the best way to proceed considering I have no "hardware" access? Here's a quick transcript of the upgrade process: [green:~]% sudo aptitude install linux-image-686 Reading Package Lists... Done Building Dependency Tree Reading extended state information Initializing package states... Done Reading task descriptions... Done The following packages are unused and will be REMOVED: gcc-4.3-base The following NEW packages will be automatically installed: dash libc6-i686 libparse-recdescent-perl linux-image-2.6-686 linux-image-2.6.18-6-686 module-init-tools yaird The following packages have been kept back: adduser apache2 apache2-mpm-prefork apache2-utils apache2.2-common apt apt-utils aptitude autoconf autotools-dev awstats base-files base-passwd [...snip...] util-linux vacation vim vim-common wamerican wbritish wget whiptail whois wwwconfig-common zlib1g The following NEW packages will be installed: dash libc6-i686 libparse-recdescent-perl linux-image-2.6-686 linux-image-2.6.18-6-686 linux-image-686 module-init-tools yaird The following packages will be upgraded: hotplug libc6 2 packages upgraded, 8 newly installed, 1 to remove and 277 not upgraded. Need to get 0B/22.7MB of archives. After unpacking 52.1MB will be used. Do you want to continue? [Y/n/?] Writing extended state information... Done Preconfiguring packages ... (Reading database ... 34065 files and directories currently installed.) Preparing to replace libc6 2.3.6.ds1-13 (using .../libc6_2.7-18lenny2_i386.deb) ... Checking for services that may need to be restarted... Checking init scripts... WARNING: init script for postgresql not found. [ --- libc6 config screen appears here --- ] WARNING: POSIX threads library NPTL requires kernel version 2.6.8 or later. If you use a kernel 2.4, please upgrade it before installing glibc. The installation of a 2.6 kernel _could_ ask you to install a new libc first, this is NOT a bug, and should *NOT* be reported. In that case, please add etch sources to your /etc/apt/sources.list and run: apt-get install -t etch linux-image-2.6 Then reboot into this new kernel, and proceed with your upgrade dpkg: error processing /var/cache/apt/archives/libc6_2.7-18lenny2_i386.deb (--unpack): subprocess pre-installation script returned error exit status 1 Errors were encountered while processing: /var/cache/apt/archives/libc6_2.7-18lenny2_i386.deb E: Sub-process /usr/bin/dpkg returned an error code (1) Ack! Something bad happened while installing packages. Trying to recover: dpkg: dependency problems prevent configuration of locales: locales depends on glibc-2.7-1; however: Package glibc-2.7-1 is not installed. dpkg: error processing locales (--configure): dependency problems - leaving unconfigured Errors were encountered while processing: locales Reading Package Lists... Done Building Dependency Tree Reading extended state information Initializing package states... Done Reading task descriptions... Done Now, if I follow the instrunctions as promted I get the following. Note that I am using aptitude instead of apt-get to benefit from the better dependency tracking. I did try with apt-get first. But that let me to the same problem. [green:~]% sudo aptitude install -t etch linux-image-2.6.26-2-686 Reading Package Lists... Done Building Dependency Tree Reading extended state information Initializing package states... Done Reading task descriptions... Done E: Unable to correct problems, you have held broken packages. E: Unable to correct dependencies, some packages cannot be installed E: Unable to resolve some dependencies! Some packages had unmet dependencies. This may mean that you have requested an impossible situation or if you are using the unstable distribution that some required packages have not yet been created or been moved out of Incoming. The following packages have unmet dependencies: linux-image-2.6.26-2-686: Depends: initramfs-tools (>= 0.55) but it is not installable or yaird (>= 0.0.13) but it is not installable or linux-initramfs-tool which is a virtual package. Any ideas?

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  • RHEL - blocked FC remote port time out: saving binding

    - by Dev G
    My Server went into a faulty state since the database could not write on the partition. I found out that the partition went into Read Only mode. Finally to fix it, I had to do a hard reboot. Linux 2.6.18-164.el5PAE #1 SMP Tue Aug 18 15:59:11 EDT 2009 i686 i686 i386 GNU/Linux /var/log/messages Oct 31 00:56:45 ota3g1 Had[17275]: VCS ERROR V-16-1-10214 Concurrency Violation:CurrentCount increased above 1 for failover group sg_network Oct 31 00:57:05 ota3g1 Had[17275]: VCS CRITICAL V-16-1-50086 CPU usage on ota3g1.mtsallstream.com is 100% Oct 31 01:01:47 ota3g1 Had[17275]: VCS ERROR V-16-1-10214 Concurrency Violation:CurrentCount increased above 1 for failover group sg_network Oct 31 01:06:50 ota3g1 Had[17275]: VCS ERROR V-16-1-10214 Concurrency Violation:CurrentCount increased above 1 for failover group sg_network Oct 31 01:11:52 ota3g1 Had[17275]: VCS ERROR V-16-1-10214 Concurrency Violation:CurrentCount increased above 1 for failover group sg_network Oct 31 01:12:10 ota3g1 kernel: lpfc 0000:29:00.1: 1:1305 Link Down Event x2 received Data: x2 x20 x80000 x0 x0 Oct 31 01:12:10 ota3g1 kernel: lpfc 0000:29:00.1: 1:1303 Link Up Event x3 received Data: x3 x1 x10 x1 x0 x0 0 Oct 31 01:12:12 ota3g1 kernel: lpfc 0000:29:00.1: 1:1305 Link Down Event x4 received Data: x4 x20 x80000 x0 x0 Oct 31 01:12:40 ota3g1 kernel: rport-8:0-0: blocked FC remote port time out: saving binding Oct 31 01:12:40 ota3g1 kernel: lpfc 0000:29:00.1: 1:(0):0203 Devloss timeout on WWPN 20:25:00:a0:b8:74:f5:65 NPort x0000e4 Data: x0 x7 x0 Oct 31 01:12:40 ota3g1 kernel: sd 8:0:0:4: SCSI error: return code = 0x00010000 Oct 31 01:12:40 ota3g1 kernel: end_request: I/O error, dev sdi, sector 38617577 Oct 31 01:12:40 ota3g1 kernel: sd 8:0:0:4: SCSI error: return code = 0x00010000 Oct 31 01:12:40 ota3g1 kernel: end_request: I/O error, dev sdi, sector 283532153 Oct 31 01:12:40 ota3g1 kernel: sd 8:0:0:4: SCSI error: return code = 0x00010000 Oct 31 01:12:40 ota3g1 kernel: end_request: I/O error, dev sdi, sector 90825 Oct 31 01:12:40 ota3g1 kernel: Aborting journal on device dm-16. Oct 31 01:12:40 ota3g1 kernel: sd 8:0:0:4: SCSI error: return code = 0x00010000 Oct 31 01:12:40 ota3g1 kernel: end_request: I/O error, dev sdi, sector 868841 Oct 31 01:12:40 ota3g1 kernel: sd 8:0:0:4: SCSI error: return code = 0x00010000 Oct 31 01:12:40 ota3g1 kernel: Aborting journal on device dm-10. Oct 31 01:12:40 ota3g1 kernel: end_request: I/O error, dev sdi, sector 37759889 Oct 31 01:12:40 ota3g1 kernel: sd 8:0:0:4: SCSI error: return code = 0x00010000 Oct 31 01:12:40 ota3g1 kernel: end_request: I/O error, dev sdi, sector 283349449 Oct 31 01:12:40 ota3g1 kernel: printk: 6 messages suppressed. Oct 31 01:12:40 ota3g1 kernel: Aborting journal on device dm-12. Oct 31 01:12:40 ota3g1 kernel: EXT3-fs error (device dm-12) in ext3_reserve_inode_write: Journal has aborted Oct 31 01:12:40 ota3g1 kernel: Buffer I/O error on device dm-16, logical block 1545 Oct 31 01:12:40 ota3g1 kernel: lost page write due to I/O error on dm-16 Oct 31 01:12:40 ota3g1 kernel: sd 8:0:0:4: SCSI error: return code = 0x00010000 Oct 31 01:12:40 ota3g1 kernel: end_request: I/O error, dev sdi, sector 12745 Oct 31 01:12:40 ota3g1 kernel: Buffer I/O error on device dm-10, logical block 1545 Oct 31 01:12:40 ota3g1 kernel: EXT3-fs error (device dm-16) in ext3_reserve_inode_write: Journal has aborted Oct 31 01:12:40 ota3g1 kernel: lost page write due to I/O error on dm-10 Oct 31 01:12:40 ota3g1 kernel: sd 8:0:0:4: SCSI error: return code = 0x00010000 Oct 31 01:12:40 ota3g1 kernel: end_request: I/O error, dev sdi, sector 37749121 Oct 31 01:12:40 ota3g1 kernel: Buffer I/O error on device dm-12, logical block 0 Oct 31 01:12:40 ota3g1 kernel: lost page write due to I/O error on dm-12 Oct 31 01:12:40 ota3g1 kernel: sd 8:0:0:4: SCSI error: return code = 0x00010000 Oct 31 01:12:40 ota3g1 kernel: EXT3-fs error (device dm-12) in ext3_dirty_inode: Journal has aborted Oct 31 01:12:40 ota3g1 kernel: end_request: I/O error, dev sdi, sector 37757897 Oct 31 01:12:40 ota3g1 kernel: Buffer I/O error on device dm-12, logical block 1097 Oct 31 01:12:40 ota3g1 kernel: lost page write due to I/O error on dm-12 Oct 31 01:12:40 ota3g1 kernel: sd 8:0:0:4: SCSI error: return code = 0x00010000 Oct 31 01:12:40 ota3g1 kernel: end_request: I/O error, dev sdi, sector 283337089 Oct 31 01:12:40 ota3g1 kernel: Buffer I/O error on device dm-16, logical block 0 Oct 31 01:12:40 ota3g1 kernel: lost page write due to I/O error on dm-16 Oct 31 01:12:40 ota3g1 kernel: sd 8:0:0:4: SCSI error: return code = 0x00010000 Oct 31 01:12:40 ota3g1 kernel: EXT3-fs error (device dm-16) in ext3_dirty_inode: Journal has aborted Oct 31 01:12:40 ota3g1 kernel: end_request: I/O error, dev sdi, sector 37749121 Oct 31 01:12:40 ota3g1 kernel: Buffer I/O error on device dm-12, logical block 0 Oct 31 01:12:41 ota3g1 kernel: lost page write due to I/O error on dm-12 Oct 31 01:12:41 ota3g1 kernel: sd 8:0:0:4: SCSI error: return code = 0x00010000 Oct 31 01:12:41 ota3g1 kernel: end_request: I/O error, dev sdi, sector 283337089 Oct 31 01:12:41 ota3g1 kernel: Buffer I/O error on device dm-16, logical block 0 Oct 31 01:12:41 ota3g1 kernel: lost page write due to I/O error on dm-16 Oct 31 01:12:41 ota3g1 kernel: sd 8:0:0:4: SCSI error: return code = 0x00010000 df -h Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on /dev/mapper/cciss-root 4.9G 730M 3.9G 16% / /dev/mapper/cciss-home 9.7G 1.2G 8.1G 13% /home /dev/mapper/cciss-var 9.7G 494M 8.8G 6% /var /dev/mapper/cciss-usr 15G 2.6G 12G 19% /usr /dev/mapper/cciss-tmp 3.9G 153M 3.6G 5% /tmp /dev/sda1 996M 43M 902M 5% /boot tmpfs 5.9G 0 5.9G 0% /dev/shm /dev/mapper/cciss-product 25G 16G 7.4G 68% /product /dev/mapper/cciss-opt 20G 4.5G 14G 25% /opt /dev/mapper/dg_db1-vol_db1_system 18G 2.2G 15G 14% /database/OTADB/sys /dev/mapper/dg_db1-vol_db1_undo 18G 5.8G 12G 35% /database/OTADB/undo /dev/mapper/dg_db1-vol_db1_redo 8.9G 4.3G 4.2G 51% /database/OTADB/redo /dev/mapper/dg_db1-vol_db1_sgbd 8.9G 654M 7.8G 8% /database/OTADB/admin /dev/mapper/dg_db1-vol_db1_arch 98G 24G 69G 26% /database/OTADB/arch /dev/mapper/dg_db1-vol_db1_indexes 240G 14G 214G 6% /database/OTADB/index /dev/mapper/dg_db1-vol_db1_data 275G 47G 215G 18% /database/OTADB/data /dev/mapper/dg_dbrman-vol_db_rman 8.9G 351M 8.1G 5% /database/RMAN /dev/mapper/dg_app1-vol_app1 151G 113G 31G 79% /files/ota /etc/fstab /dev/cciss/root / ext3 defaults 1 1 /dev/cciss/home /home ext3 defaults 1 2 /dev/cciss/var /var ext3 defaults 1 2 /dev/cciss/usr /usr ext3 defaults 1 2 /dev/cciss/tmp /tmp ext3 defaults 1 2 LABEL=/boot /boot ext3 defaults 1 2 tmpfs /dev/shm tmpfs defaults 0 0 devpts /dev/pts devpts gid=5,mode=620 0 0 sysfs /sys sysfs defaults 0 0 proc /proc proc defaults 0 0 /dev/cciss/swap swap swap defaults 0 0 /dev/cciss/product /product ext3 defaults 1 2 /dev/cciss/opt /opt ext3 defaults 1 2 /dev/dg_db1/vol_db1_system /database/OTADB/sys ext3 defaults 1 2 /dev/dg_db1/vol_db1_undo /database/OTADB/undo ext3 defaults 1 2 /dev/dg_db1/vol_db1_redo /database/OTADB/redo ext3 defaults 1 2 /dev/dg_db1/vol_db1_sgbd /database/OTADB/admin ext3 defaults 1 2 /dev/dg_db1/vol_db1_arch /database/OTADB/arch ext3 defaults 1 2 /dev/dg_db1/vol_db1_indexes /database/OTADB/index ext3 defaults 1 2 /dev/dg_db1/vol_db1_data /database/OTADB/data ext3 defaults 1 2 /dev/dg_dbrman/vol_db_rman /database/RMAN ext3 defaults 1 2 /dev/dg_app1/vol_app1 /files/ota ext3 defaults 1 2 Thanks for all the help.

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  • ubuntu 12.04 can't find root partition (it doesn't look for btrfs partitions) end up with kernel-panic [closed]

    - by zalesz
    Possible Duplicate: There's an issue with an Alpha/Beta Release of Ubuntu, what should I do? I'm running Ubuntu 12.04 from kernel v. 3.2.0-17 with all partitions formatted as BTRFS. It was everything ok till kernel 3.2.0-18/19. Now system don't load, after trying to run it with recovery there is a msg that kernel panic occurred cause there is no partition with ext3/4 and some other partitions but I don't see any btrfs alike type. Any ideas how to fix it? Best

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  • 2-Bay External HDD Enclosure in JBOD mode fails to detect both drives (Linux & Windows)

    - by mgc8888
    I recently purchased a couple of USB 3.0 External HDD Enclosures to use for storage and backup; the idea was to have one act as backup to the other, with 4 x 3TB drives in total. However, the second drive in each is not accessible in either Linux nor Windows, and I could not determine the reason. 1. Situation The two enclosures are slightly different (couldn't find them in stock at the same time) yet from many little details appear to be the same Chinese base design with a tweaked outer shell. The models are: Sharkoon 2-Bay RAID Box Fantec MR-35DU3 The drives are Seagate 3TB Barracuda ST33000651AS, firmware CC44, all identical. From reading manuals and online sources, I determined that JBOD would be the optimal setup for my needs -- addressing the two drives separately in each enclosure would be important, making it easy to swap drives and mix&match them if needed; all the other modes implied the controller doing a combination of the drives. The software used was Debian GNU/Linux - testing/wheezy - kernel 2.6.39-2 and Windows 7 Ultimate. 2. Description of the problem Now, here comes the problem: every time I connect either of the enclosures to a PC using the supplied cable (tried a different one as well), only the HDD in the top bay is readable, the one below is detected yet errors out in various ways. According to the manuals, it should not happen: in JBOD, the system should be able to "see" two separate drives upon connection. This happens with both enclosures and any combination of HDDs (i.e. if I swap them, the same thing happens), so the HDDs are good and I think so are the enclosures (two different companies making similar products that failed in an identical fashion would be very unlikely). The top HDD can be used fine every time, I actually tried a speed test from Linux and got about 150MiB/s reads, so all is working as it should; the one below refuses to work every time. So the failure is consistent. To make sure this was not some obscure Linux bug, I tried the same under Windows 7, and the system also only created one drive letter for a drive of 3TB size (so it was only seeing one instead of both). Placing an older, known good, 2TB drive in the top bay made that the one recognised, so we have the same issue under Windows as well. Log entries under Linux (tested here with a 3TB and a 2TB drive so I could differentiate them; either one works in the top enclosure, in the test setup the 3TB one is on top). You can see them being detected, the top one is ok, but for the bottom one only errors: Jul 19 23:28:15 media kernel: [260150.582436] usb 6-1: New USB device found, idVendor=1ca1, idProduct=18ae Jul 19 23:28:15 media kernel: [260150.582440] usb 6-1: New USB device strings: Mfr=1, Product=2, SerialNumber=3 Jul 19 23:28:15 media kernel: [260150.582442] usb 6-1: Product: Usb Sata Bridge Jul 19 23:28:15 media kernel: [260150.582444] usb 6-1: Manufacturer: SYMWAVE Jul 19 23:28:15 media kernel: [260150.582446] usb 6-1: SerialNumber: 39584B304C4E3441 Jul 19 23:28:15 media kernel: [260150.870412] scsi11 : usb-storage 6-1:1.0 Jul 19 23:28:16 media kernel: [260151.882087] scsi 11:0:0:0: Direct-Access SYMWAVE ST33000651AS CC44 PQ: 0 ANSI: 4 Jul 19 23:28:16 media kernel: [260151.882242] scsi 11:0:0:1: Direct-Access SYMWAVE ST32000641AS CC12 PQ: 0 ANSI: 4 Jul 19 23:28:16 media kernel: [260151.882677] sd 11:0:0:0: Attached scsi generic sg2 type 0 Jul 19 23:28:16 media kernel: [260151.882774] sd 11:0:0:0: [sdb] Very big device. Trying to use READ CAPACITY(16). Jul 19 23:28:16 media kernel: [260151.882857] sd 11:0:0:1: Attached scsi generic sg3 type 0 Jul 19 23:28:16 media kernel: [260151.882893] sd 11:0:0:0: [sdb] 5860533168 512-byte logical blocks: (3.00 TB/2.72 TiB) Jul 19 23:28:16 media kernel: [260151.883085] xhci_hcd 0000:03:00.0: WARN: Stalled endpoint Jul 19 23:28:16 media kernel: [260151.883582] sd 11:0:0:0: [sdb] Write Protect is off Jul 19 23:28:16 media kernel: [260151.883961] sd 11:0:0:1: [sdc] 3907029168 512-byte logical blocks: (2.00 TB/1.81 TiB) Jul 19 23:28:16 media kernel: [260151.884145] xhci_hcd 0000:03:00.0: WARN: Stalled endpoint Jul 19 23:28:16 media kernel: [260151.884570] sd 11:0:0:1: [sdc] Write Protect is off Jul 19 23:28:16 media kernel: [260151.884855] sd 11:0:0:0: [sdb] Very big device. Trying to use READ CAPACITY(16). Jul 19 23:28:16 media kernel: [260151.885286] xhci_hcd 0000:03:00.0: WARN: Stalled endpoint Jul 19 23:28:16 media kernel: [260151.885807] xhci_hcd 0000:03:00.0: WARN: Stalled endpoint Jul 19 23:28:16 media kernel: [260151.909595] xhci_hcd 0000:03:00.0: WARN: Stalled endpoint Jul 19 23:28:16 media kernel: [260151.910159] sd 11:0:0:1: [sdc] Result: hostbyte=DID_OK driverbyte=DRIVER_SENSE Jul 19 23:28:16 media kernel: [260151.910163] sd 11:0:0:1: [sdc] Sense Key : Illegal Request [current] Jul 19 23:28:16 media kernel: [260151.910167] Info fld=0x0 Jul 19 23:28:16 media kernel: [260151.910169] sd 11:0:0:1: [sdc] Add. Sense: Invalid field in cdb Jul 19 23:28:16 media kernel: [260151.910172] sd 11:0:0:1: [sdc] CDB: Read(10): 28 20 00 00 00 00 00 00 08 00 Jul 19 23:28:16 media kernel: [260151.910182] quiet_error: 2 callbacks suppressed Jul 19 23:28:16 media kernel: [260151.910570] xhci_hcd 0000:03:00.0: WARN: Stalled endpoint Jul 19 23:28:16 media kernel: [260151.911153] sd 11:0:0:1: [sdc] Result: hostbyte=DID_OK driverbyte=DRIVER_SENSE Jul 19 23:28:16 media kernel: [260151.911156] sd 11:0:0:1: [sdc] Sense Key : Illegal Request [current] Jul 19 23:28:16 media kernel: [260151.911159] Info fld=0x0 Jul 19 23:28:16 media kernel: [260151.911161] sd 11:0:0:1: [sdc] Add. Sense: Invalid field in cdb Jul 19 23:28:16 media kernel: [260151.911164] sd 11:0:0:1: [sdc] CDB: Read(10): 28 20 00 00 00 00 00 00 08 00 Jul 19 23:28:16 media kernel: [260151.911385] xhci_hcd 0000:03:00.0: WARN: Stalled endpoint Jul 19 23:28:16 media kernel: [260151.911902] sd 11:0:0:1: [sdc] Result: hostbyte=DID_OK driverbyte=DRIVER_SENSE Jul 19 23:28:16 media kernel: [260151.911905] sd 11:0:0:1: [sdc] Sense Key : Illegal Request [current] Jul 19 23:28:16 media kernel: [260151.911908] Info fld=0x0 Jul 19 23:28:16 media kernel: [260151.911910] sd 11:0:0:1: [sdc] Add. Sense: Invalid field in cdb Jul 19 23:28:16 media kernel: [260151.911913] sd 11:0:0:1: [sdc] CDB: Read(10): 28 20 00 00 00 00 00 00 08 00 Jul 19 23:28:16 media kernel: [260151.912128] xhci_hcd 0000:03:00.0: WARN: Stalled endpoint Jul 19 23:28:16 media kernel: [260151.912650] sd 11:0:0:1: [sdc] Result: hostbyte=DID_OK driverbyte=DRIVER_SENSE Jul 19 23:28:16 media kernel: [260151.912653] sd 11:0:0:1: [sdc] Sense Key : Illegal Request [current] Jul 19 23:28:16 media kernel: [260151.912656] Info fld=0x0 Jul 19 23:28:16 media kernel: [260151.912657] sd 11:0:0:1: [sdc] Add. Sense: Invalid field in cdb Jul 19 23:28:16 media kernel: [260151.912660] sd 11:0:0:1: [sdc] CDB: Read(10): 28 20 00 00 00 00 00 00 08 00 Jul 19 23:28:16 media kernel: [260151.912876] xhci_hcd 0000:03:00.0: WARN: Stalled endpoint Jul 19 23:28:16 media kernel: [260151.913439] sd 11:0:0:1: [sdc] Result: hostbyte=DID_OK driverbyte=DRIVER_SENSE Jul 19 23:28:16 media kernel: [260151.913442] sd 11:0:0:1: [sdc] Sense Key : Illegal Request [current] Jul 19 23:28:16 media kernel: [260151.913445] Info fld=0x0 Jul 19 23:28:16 media kernel: [260151.913446] sd 11:0:0:1: [sdc] Add. Sense: Invalid field in cdb Jul 19 23:28:16 media kernel: [260151.913449] sd 11:0:0:1: [sdc] CDB: Read(10): 28 20 00 00 00 00 00 00 08 00 Jul 19 23:28:16 media kernel: [260151.945227] xhci_hcd 0000:03:00.0: WARN: Stalled endpoint Jul 19 23:28:16 media kernel: [260151.945863] sd 11:0:0:1: [sdc] Result: hostbyte=DID_OK driverbyte=DRIVER_SENSE Jul 19 23:28:16 media kernel: [260151.945866] sd 11:0:0:1: [sdc] Sense Key : Illegal Request [current] Jul 19 23:28:16 media kernel: [260151.945870] Info fld=0x0 Jul 19 23:28:16 media kernel: [260151.945871] sd 11:0:0:1: [sdc] Add. Sense: Invalid field in cdb Jul 19 23:28:16 media kernel: [260151.945875] sd 11:0:0:1: [sdc] CDB: Read(10): 28 20 00 00 00 00 00 00 08 00 (...) and so on for like 10 seconds until it gives up (...) 3. Question So, my question would be: what is causing this? Am I missing something, should I configure things differently, is this a known limitation? Searching online for more information did not yield any useful results... Thank you in advance for any help!

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  • kernel software trap handling

    - by Tony
    I'm reading a book on Windows Internals and there's something I don't understand: "The kernel handles software interrupts either as part of hardware interrupt handling or synchronously when a thread invokes kernel functions related to the software interrupt." So does this mean that software interrupts or exceptions will only be handled under these conditions: a. When the kernel is executing a function from said thread related to the software exception(trap) b. when it is already handling a hardware trap Is my understanding of this correct? The next bit: "In most cases, the kernel installs front-end trap handling functions that perform general trap handling tasks before and after transferring control to other functions that field the trap." I don't quite understand what it means by 'front-end trap handling functions' and 'field the trap'? Can anyone help me?

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