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• What is the difference between "data hiding" and "encapsulation"?

  - by Software Engeneering Learner

  I'm reading "Java concurrency in practice" and there is said: "Fortunately, the same object-oriented techniques that help you write well-organized, maintainable classes - such as encapsulation and data hiding -can also help you create thread-safe classes." The problem #1 - I never heard about data hiding and don't know what it is. The problem #2 - I always thought that encapsulation is using private vs public, and is actually the data hiding. Can you please explain what data hiding is and how it differs from encapsulation?

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• Advice on approaching a significant rearrangement/refactoring?

  - by Prog

  I'm working on an application (hobby project, solo programmer, small-medium size), and I have recently redesigned a significant part of it. The program already works in it's current state, but I decided to reimplement things to improve the OO design. I'm about to implement this new design by refactoring a big part of the application. Thing is I'm not sure where to start. Obviously, by the nature of a rearrangement, the moment you change one part of the program several other parts (at least temporarily) break. So it's a little 'scary' to rearrange something in a piece of software that already works. I'm asking for advice or some general guidelines: how should I approach a significant refactoring? When you approach rearranging large parts of your application, where do you start? Note that I'm interested only in re-arranging the high-level structure of the app. I have no intention of rewriting local algorithms.

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• Design patterns for Agent / Actor based concurrent design.

  - by nso1

  Recently i have been getting into alternative languages that support an actor/agent/shared nothing architecture - ie. scala, clojure etc (clojure also supports shared state). So far most of the documentation that I have read focus around the intro level. What I am looking for is more advanced documentation along the gang of four but instead shared nothing based. Why ? It helps to grok the change in design thinking. Simple examples are easy, but in a real world java application (single threaded) you can have object graphs with 1000's of members with complex relationships. But with agent based concurrency development it introduces a whole new set of ideas to comprehend when designing large systems. ie. Agent granularity - how much state should one agent manage - implications on performance etc or are their good patterns for mapping shared state object graphs to agent based system. tips on mapping domain models to design. Discussions not on the technology but more on how to BEST use the technology in design (real world "complex" examples would be great).

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• ASIHTTPRequest code design

  - by nico

  I'm using ASIHTTPRequest to communicate with the server asynchronously. It works great, but I'm doing requests in different controllers and now duplicated methods are in all those controllers. What is the best way to abstract that code (requests) in a single class, so I can easily re-use the code, so I can keep the controllers more simple. I can put it in a singleton (or in the app delegate), but I don't think that's a good approach. Or maybe make my own protocol for it with delegate callback. Any advice on a good design approach would be helpful. Thanks.

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• Java Program Design Layout Recommendations?

  - by Leebuntu

  I've learned enough to begin writing programs from scratch, but I'm running into the problem of not knowing how to design the layout and implementation of a program. To be more precise, I'm having difficulty finding a good way to come up with an action plan before I dive in to the programming part. I really want to know what classes, methods, and objects I would need beforehand instead of just adding them along the way. My intuition is leading me to using some kind of charting software that gives a hierarchal view of all the classes and methods. I've been using OmniGraffle Pro and while it does seem to work somewhat, I'm still having trouble planning out the program in its entirety. How should I approach this problem? What softwares out there are available to help with this problem? Any good reads out there on this issue? Thanks so much! Edit: Oh yeah, I'm using Eclipse and I code mainly in Java right now.

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• Good design of mapping Java Domain objects to Tables (using Hibernate)

  - by M. McKenzie

  Hey guys, I have a question that is more in the realm of design, than implementation. I'm also happy for anyone to point out resources for the answer and I'll gladly, research for myself. Highly simplified Java and SQL: Say I have a business domain POJO called 'Picture' with three attributes. class Picture int idPicture String fileName long size Say I have another business domain POJO called "Item" with 3 attributes Class Item int idItem String itemName ArrayList itemPictures These would be a normal simple relationship. You could say that 'Picture' object, will never exist outside an 'Item' object. Assume a picture belongs only to a specific item, but that an item can have multiple pictures Now - using good database design (3rd Normal Form), we know that we should put items and pictures in their own tables. Here is what I assume would be correct. table Item int idItem (primary key) String itemName table Picture int idPicture (primary key) varchar(45) fileName long size int idItem (foreign key) Here is my question: If you are making Hibernate mapping files for these objects. In the data design, your Picture table needs a column to refer to the Item, so that a foreign key relation can be maintained. However,in your business domain objects - your Picture does not hold a reference/attribute to the idItem - and does not need to know it. A java Picture instance is always instantiated inside an Item instance. If you want to know the Item that the Picture belongs to you are already in the correct scope. Call myItem.getIdItem() and myItem.getItemPictures(),and you have the two pieces of information you need. I know that Hibernate tools have a generator that can auto make your POJO's from looking at your database. My problem stems from the fact that I planned out the data design for this experiment/project first. Then when I went to make the domain java objects, I realized that good design dictated that the objects hold other objects in a nested way. This is obviously different from the way that a database schema is - where all objects(tables) are flat and hold no other complex types within them. What is a good way to reconcile this? Would you: (A) Make the hibernate mapping files so that Picture.hbm.xml has a mapping to the POJO parent's idItem Field (if it's even possible) (B) Add an int attribute in the Picture class to refer to the idItem and set it at instantiation, thus simplifying the hbm.xml mapping file by having all table fields as local attributes in the class (C) Fix the database design because it is wrong, dork. I'd truly appreciate any feedback

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• Looking for early paper about compiling object-oriented code

  - by Robert Kosara

  I remember reading a paper a long time ago that talked about object-oriented programming. I believe that this was from the early 1980s or perhaps even before then. This was at the time when object-oriented programming was still done through pre-processors, and one thing that stuck with me is this: it argued that you could write code in either procedural or object-oriented fashion, and after preprocessing/compiling, you would end up with the exact same machine code. Does anybody know which paper I'm talking about?

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• General Overview of Design Pattern Types

  Typically most software engineering design patterns fall into one of three categories in regards to types. Three types of software design patterns include: Creational Type Patterns Structural Type Patterns Behavioral Type Patterns The Creational Pattern type is geared toward defining the preferred methods for creating new instances of objects. An example of this type is the Singleton Pattern. The Singleton Pattern can be used if an application only needs one instance of a class. In addition, this singular instance also needs to be accessible across an application. The benefit of the Singleton Pattern is that you control both instantiation and access using this pattern. The Structural Pattern type is a way to describe the hierarchy of objects and classes so that they can be consolidated into a larger structure. An example of this type is the Façade Pattern.  The Façade Pattern is used to define a base interface so that all other interfaces inherit from the parent interface. This can be used to simplify a number of similar object interactions into one single standard interface. The Behavioral Pattern Type deals with communication between objects. An example of this type is the State Design Pattern. The State Design Pattern enables objects to alter functionality and processing based on the internal state of the object at a given time.

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• CIC 2010 - Ghost Stories and Model Based Design

  - by warren.baird

  I was lucky enough to attend the collaboration and interoperability congress recently. The location was very beautiful and interesting, it was held in the mountains about two hours outside Denver, at the Stanley hotel, famous both for inspiring Steven King's novel "The Shining" and for attracting a lot of attention from the "Ghost Hunters" TV show. My visit was prosaic - I didn't get to experience the ghosts the locals promised - but interesting, with some very informative sessions. I noticed one main theme - a lot of people were talking about Model Based Design (MBD), which is moving design and manufacturing away from 2d drawings and towards 3d models. 2d has some pretty deep roots in industrial manufacturing and there have been a lot of challenges encountered in making the leap to 3d. One of the challenges discussed in several sessions was how to get model information out to the non-engineers in the company, which is a topic near and dear to my heart. In the 2D space, people without access to CAD software (for example, people assembling a product on the shop floor) can be given printouts of the design - it's not particularly efficient, and it definitely isn't very green, but it tends to work. There's no direct equivalent in the 3D space. One of the ways that AutoVue is used in industrial manufacturing is to provide non-CAD users with an easy to use, interactive 3D view of their products - in some cases it's directly used by people on the shop floor, but in cases where paper is really ingrained in the process, AutoVue can be used by a technical publications person to create illustrative 2D views that can be printed that show all of the details necessary to complete the work. Are you making the move to model based design? Is AutoVue helping you with your challenges? Let us know in the comments below.

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• Design for XML mapping scenarios between two different systems [on hold]

  - by deepak_prn

  Mapping XML fields between two systems is a mundane routine in integration scenarios. I am trying to make the design documents look better and provide clear understanding to the developers especially when we do not use XSLT or any other IDE such as jDeveloper or eclipse plugins. I want it to be a high level design but at the same time talk in developer's language. So that there is no requirements that slip under the crack. For example, one of the scenarios goes: the store cashier sells an item, the transaction data is sent to Data management system. Now, I am writing a functional design for the scenario which deals with mapping XML fields between our system and the data management system. Question : I was wondering if some one had to deal with mapping XML fields between two systems? (without XSLT being involved) and if you used a table to represent the fields mapping (example is below) or any other visualization tool which does not break the bank ? I am trying to find out if there is a better way to represent XML mapping in your design documents. The widely accepted and used method seems to be using a simple table such as in the picture to illustrate the mapping. I am wondering if there are alternate ways/ tools to represent such as in Altova:

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• How to design good & continuous tiles

  - by Mikalichov

  I have trouble designing tiles so that when assembled, they don't look like tiles, but look like an homogeneous thing. For example on the image below: even though the main part of the grass is only one tile, you don't "see" the grid; you know where it is if you look a bit carefully, but it is not obvious. Whereas when I design tiles, you can only see "oh, jeez, 64 times the same tile". A bit like on that image: (taken from a gamedev.stackexchange question, sorry; no critic about the game, but it proves my point, and actually has better tile design that what I manage) I think the main problem is that I design them so they are independent, there is no junction between two tiles if put closed to each other. I think having the tiles more "continuous" would have a smoother effect, but can't manage to do it, it seems overly complex to me. I think it is probably simpler than I think once you know how to do it, but couldn't find a tutorial on that specific point. Is there a known method to design continuous / homogeneous tiles? (my terminology might be totally wrong, don't hesitate to correct me)

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• How can I design good continuous (seamless) tiles?

  - by Mikalichov

  I have trouble designing tiles so that when assembled, they don't look like tiles, but look like a homogeneous thing. For example, see the image below: Even though the main part of the grass is only one tile, you don't "see" the grid; you know where it is if you look a bit carefully, but it is not obvious. Whereas when I design tiles, you can only see "oh, jeez, 64 times the same tile," like in this image: (I took this from another GDSE question, sorry; not be critical of the game, but it proves my point. And actually has better tile design that what I manage, anyway.) I think the main problem is that I design them so they are independent, there is no junction between two tiles if put closed to each other. I think having the tiles more "continuous" would have a smoother effect, but can't manage to do it, it seems overly complex to me. I think it is probably simpler than I think once you know how to do it, but couldn't find a tutorial on that specific point. Is there a known method to design continuous / homogeneous tiles? (My terminology might be totally wrong, don't hesitate to correct me.)

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• Ruby and duck typing: design by contract impossible?

  - by davetron5000

  Method signature in Java: public List<String> getFilesIn(List<File> directories) similar one in ruby def get_files_in(directories) In the case of Java, the type system gives me information about what the method expects and delivers. In Ruby's case, I have no clue what I'm supposed to pass in, or what I'll expect to receive. In Java, the object must formally implement the interface. In Ruby, the object being passed in must respond to whatever methods are called in the method defined here. This seems highly problematic: Even with 100% accurate, up-to-date documentation, the Ruby code has to essentially expose its implementation, breaking encapsulation. "OO purity" aside, this would seem to be a maintenance nightmare. The Ruby code gives me no clue what's being returned; I would have to essentially experiment, or read the code to find out what methods the returned object would respond to. Not looking to debate static typing vs duck typing, but looking to understand how you maintain a production system where you have almost no ability to design by contract. Update No one has really addressed the exposure of a method's internal implementation via documentation that this approach requires. Since there are no interfaces, if I'm not expecting a particular type, don't I have to itemize every method I might call so that the caller knows what can be passed in? Or is this just an edge case that doesn't really come up?

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• Level Design V.S. Modeler

  - by Ecurbed

  From what I understand being a level designer and a character/environment/object/etc Modeler are two different jobs, yet sometimes it feels like a Modeler can also do the job of the level designer. I know this also depends on the scale of the game. For small games maybe they are one and the same, but for bigger games they become two different jobs. I understand a background in some modeling could not hurt when it comes to level design, but the question I have is: Do jobs prefer people who can model for level designing? This way they can kill two birds with one stone and have someone to create the assets and design the level. What is your opinion of the training? Does level design contain skill sets that make them completely different from what a modeler can do, or is this an easy transition for a modeler to become a level designer? Can you be a bad level designer but a good modeler and vice versa?

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• How to design network protocols

  - by dandroid

  As a programmer, you work on your software design skills. You learn about things such as modularity and reusability and how you can achieve them in code. There's plenty of literature on the subject and engineers talk about it all the time. What about if you want to design network protocols? How do you judge that protocol X is badly designed while Y is well designed? (eg. in programming you are often pointed out to a well-written piece of code in order to learn from it - what is the equivalent for network protocols?) For example, suppose I want to design a P2P protocol similar to BitTorrent or I want to make a better version of the Socks protocol. How would I go about doing a good job on this? Thanks!

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• Green Website Design

  - by Christofian

  This is kindove a strange question, but... There was a site called Blackle ( http://www.blackle.com/) which "claimed" to save energy by using a black background (it doesn't: see here: http://skeptics.stackexchange.com/questions/4373/how-much-energy-does-displaying-a-webpage-with-a-black-background-actually-save). However, blackle and it's idea of "green website design" interested me, and I was wondering if there are any ways to design an energy saving website that actually save energy. If anyone knows of any, please post them here. If nobody has any, then I guess there isn't a way to save energy through website design...

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• Advice about a website design [closed]

  - by Dimitri

  I am web developer newbie. It doesn't mean that I don't know html/css/javascript but I am not good for web design. I am making a website for friend about a barber shop but I am not totally happy of my work due to lack of design. I would like to have some advice about the website and how can I improve the design? The website is in french because i am french. Here is the website : http://afrostyle92.fr/.

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• Right multi object dependance design

  - by kenny

  I need some help with a correct design. I have a class called BufferManager. The push() method of this class reads data from a source and pushes it to a buffer repeatedly until there is no more data left in the source. There are also consumer threads that read data from this buffer, as soon as new data arrives. There is an option to sort the data before it comes to buffer. What I do right now is that BufferManager, instead of pushing data to the buffer, pushes it to another "sorting" buffer and starts a sorting thread. SorterManager class reads the data, sorts it in files and push()es the sorted data into the buffer. There will be a bottleneck (I use merge sort with files) but this is something I can't avoid. This is a bad design, because both BufferManager and SorterManager push data to a buffer (that consumers read from). I think only BufferManager should do it. How can I design it?

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• Software Architecture - From design to sucessful implementation

  - by user20358

  As the subject goes; once a software architect puts down the high level design and approach to a software that is to be developed from scratch, how does the team ensure that it is implemented successfully? To my mind the following things will need to be done Proper understanding of requirements Setting down coding practices and guidelines Regular code reviews to ensure the guidelines are being adhered to Revisiting the requirements phase and making necessary changes to design based on client inputs if there are any changes to requirements Proper documentation of what is being done in code Proper documentation of requirements and changes to them Last but not the least, implementing the design via object oriented code where appropriate Did I miss anything? Would love to hear any mistakes that you have learned from in your project experiences. What went wrong, what could have been done better. Thanks for taking the time..

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• Custom Logo Design - or - Free Logo Design

  When you search the web, you will be able to find unlimited companies and websites offering free services. Even though they brag about providing quality products, but you can never be sure how useful... [Author: Sha Amen - Web Design and Development - May 07, 2010]

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• SSIS Design Pattern: Producing a Footer Row

  - by andyleonard

  The following is an excerpt from SSIS Design Patterns (now available in the UK!) Chapter 7, Flat File Source Patterns. The only planned appearance of all five authors presenting on SSIS Design Patterns is the SSIS Design Patterns day-long pre-conference session at the PASS Summit 2012 . Register today . Let’s look at producing a footer row and adding it to the data file. For this pattern, we will leverage project and package parameters. We will also leverage the Parent-Child pattern, which will be...(read more)

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• Design Patterns for these scenarios

  - by user1899749

  Please help me to find design patterns for following situations. Situation 1: how can a smart robot use Wi-Fi? Situation 2: How can a Smart robot automatically go to rechargeable unit while there is no remote signal? Situation 3: Voice recognition component (If homeowner itself at home and motion detection is off then how can Smart Robot voice recognition component will recognize those very sensitive sentences) Situation 4: Motion detection component (How can Smart Robot send video stream on cell phone while homeowner/resident driving) I am looking for the design patterns for above Situations to answer following question. if not using design patterns, then what’re the difficulties?

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• Where to put business logic in MVC design?

  - by BriskLabs Pakistan

  I have created a simple MVC java application that adds records through data forms to a database. my app collects data, it also validates it and stores it. This is because the data is being sourced online from different users. the data is mostly numeric in nature. now on the numeric data being stored into database (SQL server) , i wish that my app should be able to perform computations... and display it. the user is not interested in how computations are done so they must be encapsulated. the user must only be able to view the simple computed data which for example A column data - B Column data / C column data etc... and just display it to the user... i know how to write stored procedures for same but i want a 3 tier app I want the data, that I put into the database as a record, worked upon by performing calculations on it. However, the original data should remain unaffected, while the new data, post-calculations, must be stored as a new entity record into the database. Where should I write the code for this background calculation? As it is the rules and business logic... in a new java beans files ?

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• Design Expert Tips by Specialized Web Design Firm

  The World Wide Web is one of the fastest growing marketplaces, with thousands of companies launching their websites daily! So how do you get your website noticed and achieve higher rankings in search... [Author: Alan Smith - Web Design and Development - June 04, 2010]

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• Is it possible to outsource design properly?

  - by Eric

  I work in a company going through a downsizing process. It is assumed that a lot of "let go" developers jobs will eventually be outsourced. Some of those programmers had some design to do. Is it possible to outsource both design and creation/coding properly? I feel that by outsourcing design, we lose any in-house capability of really "owning" the code. It will be very difficult to maintain. Also we'll have a hard time ensuring a proper development. How can I address those issues?

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