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  • custom tabbars and make them circulate

    - by pengwang
    i want to custom tabbars and want to circulate slide,default tab bar only have 5 items show at the same time,it not meet me,i have 11 items,so i want to make 3 tabbars ,every have 5 items,for example A(0-4)--B(5-9)--C(10)--A--B--C--A. at print i only finish A(0-4)--B(5-9)--C(10),how to make them circulate? my code : .h file #import <UIKit/UIKit.h> @protocol InfiniTabBarDelegate; @interface InfiniTabBar : UIScrollView <UIScrollViewDelegate, UITabBarDelegate> { __weak id <InfiniTabBarDelegate> infiniTabBarDelegate; NSMutableArray *tabBars; UITabBar *aTabBar; UITabBar *bTabBar; } @property (nonatomic, weak) id infiniTabBarDelegate; @property (strong,nonatomic) NSMutableArray *tabBars; @property (strong,nonatomic) UITabBar *aTabBar; @property (strong,nonatomic) UITabBar *bTabBar; - (id)initWithItems:(NSArray *)items; - (void)setBounces:(BOOL)bounces; // Don't set more items than initially - (void)setItems:(NSArray *)items animated:(BOOL)animated; - (int)currentTabBarTag; - (int)selectedItemTag; - (BOOL)scrollToTabBarWithTag:(int)tag animated:(BOOL)animated; - (BOOL)selectItemWithTag:(int)tag; @end @protocol InfiniTabBarDelegate <NSObject> - (void)infiniTabBar:(InfiniTabBar *)tabBar didScrollToTabBarWithTag:(int)tag; - (void)infiniTabBar:(InfiniTabBar *)tabBar didSelectItemWithTag:(int)tag; @end .m file @implementation InfiniTabBar @synthesize infiniTabBarDelegate; @synthesize tabBars; @synthesize aTabBar; @synthesize bTabBar; - (id)initWithItems:(NSArray *)items { self = [super initWithFrame:CGRectMake(0.0, 411.0, 320.0, 49.0)]; // TODO: //self = [super initWithFrame:CGRectMake(self.superview.frame.origin.x + self.superview.frame.size.width - 320.0, self.superview.frame.origin.y + self.superview.frame.size.height - 49.0, 320.0, 49.0)]; // Doesn't work. self is nil at this point. if (self) { self.pagingEnabled = YES; self.delegate = self; self.tabBars = [[NSMutableArray alloc] init]; float x = 0.0; for (double d = 0; d < ceil(items.count / 5.0); d ++) { UITabBar *tabBar = [[UITabBar alloc] initWithFrame:CGRectMake(x, 0.0, 320.0, 49.0)]; tabBar.delegate = self; int len = 0; for (int i = d * 5; i < d * 5 + 5; i ++) if (i < items.count) len ++; tabBar.items = [items objectsAtIndexes:[NSIndexSet indexSetWithIndexesInRange:NSMakeRange(d * 5, len)]]; // NSLog(@"####%@",NSMakeRange(d * 5, len)); [self.tabBars addObject:tabBar]; [self addSubview:tabBar]; x += 320.0; } self.contentSize = CGSizeMake(x, 49.0); } return self; } - (void)setBounces:(BOOL)bounces { if (bounces) { int count = self.tabBars.count; if (count > 0) { if (self.aTabBar == nil) self.aTabBar = [[UITabBar alloc] initWithFrame:CGRectMake(-320.0, 0.0, 320.0, 49.0)]; [self addSubview:self.aTabBar]; if (self.bTabBar == nil) self.bTabBar = [[UITabBar alloc] initWithFrame:CGRectMake(count * 320.0, 0.0, 320.0, 49.0)]; [self addSubview:self.bTabBar]; } } else { [self.aTabBar removeFromSuperview]; [self.bTabBar removeFromSuperview]; } [super setBounces:bounces]; } - (void)setItems:(NSArray *)items animated:(BOOL)animated { for (UITabBar *tabBar in self.tabBars) { int len = 0; for (int i = [self.tabBars indexOfObject:tabBar] * 5; i < [self.tabBars indexOfObject:tabBar] * 5 + 5; i ++) if (i < items.count) len ++; [tabBar setItems:[items objectsAtIndexes:[NSIndexSet indexSetWithIndexesInRange:NSMakeRange([self.tabBars indexOfObject:tabBar] * 5, len)]] animated:animated]; } self.contentSize = CGSizeMake(ceil(items.count / 5.0) * 320.0, 49.0); } - (int)currentTabBarTag { return self.contentOffset.x / 320.0; } - (int)selectedItemTag { for (UITabBar *tabBar in self.tabBars) if (tabBar.selectedItem != nil) return tabBar.selectedItem.tag; // No item selected return 0; } - (BOOL)scrollToTabBarWithTag:(int)tag animated:(BOOL)animated { for (UITabBar *tabBar in self.tabBars) if ([self.tabBars indexOfObject:tabBar] == tag) { UITabBar *tabBar = [self.tabBars objectAtIndex:tag]; [self scrollRectToVisible:tabBar.frame animated:animated]; if (animated == NO) [self scrollViewDidEndDecelerating:self]; return YES; } return NO; } - (BOOL)selectItemWithTag:(int)tag { for (UITabBar *tabBar in self.tabBars) for (UITabBarItem *item in tabBar.items) if (item.tag == tag) { tabBar.selectedItem = item; [self tabBar:tabBar didSelectItem:item]; return YES; } return NO; } - (void)scrollViewDidEndDecelerating:(UIScrollView *)scrollView { [infiniTabBarDelegate infiniTabBar:self didScrollToTabBarWithTag:scrollView.contentOffset.x / 320.0]; } - (void)scrollViewDidEndScrollingAnimation:(UIScrollView *)scrollView { [self scrollViewDidEndDecelerating:scrollView]; } - (void)tabBar:(UITabBar *)cTabBar didSelectItem:(UITabBarItem *)item { // Act like a single tab bar for (UITabBar *tabBar in self.tabBars) if (tabBar != cTabBar) tabBar.selectedItem = nil; [infiniTabBarDelegate infiniTabBar:self didSelectItemWithTag:item.tag]; } @end

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  • Self-signed certificates for a known community

    - by costlow
    Recently announced changes scheduled for Java 7 update 51 (January 2014) have established that the default security slider will require code signatures and the Permissions Manifest attribute. Code signatures are a common practice recommended in the industry because they help determine that the code your computer will run is the same code that the publisher created. This post is written to help users that need to use self-signed certificates without involving a public Certificate Authority. The role of self-signed certificates within a known community You may still use self-signed certificates within a known community. The difference between self-signed and purchased-from-CA is that your users must import your self-signed certificate to indicate that it is valid, whereas Certificate Authorities are already trusted by default. This works for known communities where people will trust that my certificate is mine, but does not scale widely where I cannot actually contact or know the systems that will need to trust my certificate. Public Certificate Authorities are widely trusted already because they abide by many different requirements and frequent checks. An example would be students in a university class sharing their public certificates on a mailing list or web page, employees publishing on the intranet, or a system administrator rolling certificates out to end-users. Managed machines help this because you can automate the rollout, but they are not required -- the major point simply that people will trust and import your certificate. How to distribute self-signed certificates for a known community There are several steps required to distribute a self-signed certificate to users so that they will properly trust it. These steps are: Creating a public/private key pair for signing. Exporting your public certificate for others Importing your certificate onto machines that should trust you Verify work on a different machine Creating a public/private key pair for signing Having a public/private key pair will give you the ability both to sign items yourself and issue a Certificate Signing Request (CSR) to a certificate authority. Create your public/private key pair by following the instructions for creating key pairs.Every Certificate Authority that I looked at provided similar instructions, but for the sake of cohesiveness I will include the commands that I used here: Generate the key pair.keytool -genkeypair -alias erikcostlow -keyalg EC -keysize 571 -validity 730 -keystore javakeystore_keepsecret.jks Provide a good password for this file. The alias "erikcostlow" is my name and therefore easy to remember. Substitute your name of something like "mykey." The sigalg of EC (Elliptical Curve) and keysize of 571 will give your key a good strong lifetime. All keys are set to expire. Two years or 730 days is a reasonable compromise between not-long-enough and too-long. Most public Certificate Authorities will sign something for one to five years. You will be placing your keys in javakeystore_keepsecret.jks -- this file will contain private keys and therefore should not be shared. If someone else gets these private keys, they can impersonate your signature. Please be cautious about automated cloud backup systems and private key stores. Answer all the questions. It is important to provide good answers because you will stick with them for the "-validity" days that you specified above.What is your first and last name?  [Unknown]:  First LastWhat is the name of your organizational unit?  [Unknown]:  Line of BusinessWhat is the name of your organization?  [Unknown]:  MyCompanyWhat is the name of your City or Locality?  [Unknown]:  City NameWhat is the name of your State or Province?  [Unknown]:  CAWhat is the two-letter country code for this unit?  [Unknown]:  USIs CN=First Last, OU=Line of Business, O=MyCompany, L=City, ST=CA, C=US correct?  [no]:  yesEnter key password for <erikcostlow>        (RETURN if same as keystore password): Verify your work:keytool -list -keystore javakeystore_keepsecret.jksYou should see your new key pair. Exporting your public certificate for others Public Key Infrastructure relies on two simple concepts: the public key may be made public and the private key must be private. By exporting your public certificate, you are able to share it with others who can then import the certificate to trust you. keytool -exportcert -keystore javakeystore_keepsecret.jks -alias erikcostlow -file erikcostlow.cer To verify this, you can open the .cer file by double-clicking it on most operating systems. It should show the information that you entered during the creation prompts. This is the file that you will share with others. They will use this certificate to prove that artifacts signed by this certificate came from you. If you do not manage machines directly, place the certificate file on an area that people within the known community should trust, such as an intranet page. Import the certificate onto machines that should trust you In order to trust the certificate, people within your known network must import your certificate into their keystores. The first step is to verify that the certificate is actually yours, which can be done through any band: email, phone, in-person, etc. Known networks can usually do this Determine the right keystore: For an individual user looking to trust another, the correct file is within that user’s directory.e.g. USER_HOME\AppData\LocalLow\Sun\Java\Deployment\security\trusted.certs For system-wide installations, Java’s Certificate Authorities are in JAVA_HOMEe.g. C:\Program Files\Java\jre8\lib\security\cacerts File paths for Mac and Linux are included in the link above. Follow the instructions to import the certificate into the keystore. keytool -importcert -keystore THEKEYSTOREFROMABOVE -alias erikcostlow -file erikcostlow.cer In this case, I am still using my name for the alias because it’s easy for me to remember. You may also use an alias of your company name. Scaling distribution of the import The easiest way to apply your certificate across many machines is to just push the .certs or cacerts file onto them. When doing this, watch out for any changes that people would have made to this file on their machines. Trusted.certs: When publishing into user directories, your file will overwrite any keys that the user has added since last update. CACerts: It is best to re-run the import command with each installation rather than just overwriting the file. If you just keep the same cacerts file between upgrades, you will overwrite any CAs that have been added or removed. By re-importing, you stay up to date with changes. Verify work on a different machine Verification is a way of checking on the client machine to ensure that it properly trusts signed artifacts after you have added your signing certificate. Many people have started using deployment rule sets. You can validate the deployment rule set by: Create and sign the deployment rule set on the computer that holds the private key. Copy the deployment rule set on to the different machine where you have imported the signing certificate. Verify that the Java Control Panel’s security tab shows your deployment rule set. Verifying an individual JAR file or multiple JAR files You can test a certificate chain by using the jarsigner command. jarsigner -verify filename.jar If the output does not say "jar verified" then run the following command to see why: jarsigner -verify -verbose -certs filename.jar Check the output for the term “CertPath not validated.”

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  • Python: nonblocking read from stdout of threaded subprocess

    - by sberry2A
    I have a script (worker.py) that prints unbuffered output in the form... 1 2 3 . . . n where n is some constant number of iterations a loop in this script will make. In another script (service_controller.py) I start a number of threads, each of which starts a subprocess using subprocess.Popen(stdout=subprocess.PIPE, ...); Now, in my main thread (service_controller.py) I want to read the output of each thread's worker.py subprocess and use it to calculate an estimate for the time remaining till completion. I have all of the logic working that reads the stdout from worker.py and determines the last printed number. The problem is that I can not figure out how to do this in a non-blocking way. If I read a constant bufsize then each read will end up waiting for the same data from each of the workers. I have tried numerous ways including using fcntl, select + os.read, etc. What is my best option here? I can post my source if needed, but I figured the explanation describes the problem well enough. Thanks for any help here. EDIT Adding sample code I have a worker that starts a subprocess. class WorkerThread(threading.Thread): def __init__(self): self.completed = 0 self.process = None self.lock = threading.RLock() threading.Thread.__init__(self) def run(self): cmd = ["/path/to/script", "arg1", "arg2"] self.process = subprocess.Popen(cmd, stdout=subprocess.PIPE, bufsize=1, shell=False) #flags = fcntl.fcntl(self.process.stdout, fcntl.F_GETFL) #fcntl.fcntl(self.process.stdout.fileno(), fcntl.F_SETFL, flags | os.O_NONBLOCK) def get_completed(self): self.lock.acquire(); fd = select.select([self.process.stdout.fileno()], [], [], 5)[0] if fd: self.data += os.read(fd, 1) try: self.completed = int(self.data.split("\n")[-2]) except IndexError: pass self.lock.release() return self.completed I then have a ThreadManager. class ThreadManager(): def __init__(self): self.pool = [] self.running = [] self.lock = threading.Lock() def clean_pool(self, pool): for worker in [x for x in pool is not x.isAlive()]: worker.join() pool.remove(worker) del worker return pool def run(self, concurrent=5): while len(self.running) + len(self.pool) > 0: self.clean_pool(self.running) n = min(max(concurrent - len(self.running), 0), len(self.pool)) if n > 0: for worker in self.pool[0:n]: worker.start() self.running.extend(self.pool[0:n]) del self.pool[0:n] time.sleep(.01) for worker in self.running + self.pool: worker.join() and some code to run it. threadManager = ThreadManager() for i in xrange(0, 5): threadManager.pool.append(WorkerThread()) threadManager.run() I have stripped out a log of the other code in hopes to try to pinpoint the issue.

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  • C# Toolbox: Debug-able, Self-Installable Windows Service Template Redux

    - by James Michael Hare
    I had written a pair of posts before about creating a debug-able and self-installing windows service template in C#.  This is a template I began creating to ease creating windows services and to take some of the mundane tasks out of the coding effort.  The original posts were here: C# Windows Services (1 of 2) - Debug-able Windows Services C# Windows Services (2 of 2) - Self-Installing Windows Services But at the time, though I gave the code samples I didn't have a downloadable for of the template on the blog.  After getting many requests for the actual source, I zipped it up and am posting it with this blog entry.  Click on the link below to download the archive.  The password on the archive is, imaginatively enough, password.  Hope you enjoy and please feel free to comment and suggest changes! Debug-able, Self-Installing Windows Service Template download Enjoy! Tweet Technorati Tags: C#,Windows Service,Toolbox

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  • Can I avoid a threaded UDP socket in Python dropping data?

    - by 666craig
    First off, I'm new to Python and learning on the job, so be gentle! I'm trying to write a threaded Python app for Windows that reads data from a UDP socket (thread-1), writes it to file (thread-2), and displays the live data (thread-3) to a widget (gtk.Image using a gtk.gdk.pixbuf). I'm using queues for communicating data between threads. My problem is that if I start only threads 1 and 3 (so skip the file writing for now), it seems that I lose some data after the first few samples. After this drop it looks fine. Even by letting thread 1 complete before running thread 3, this apparent drop is still there. Apologies for the length of code snippet (I've removed the thread that writes to file), but I felt removing code would just prompt questions. Hope someone can shed some light :-) import socket import threading import Queue import numpy import gtk gtk.gdk.threads_init() import gtk.glade import pygtk class readFromUDPSocket(threading.Thread): def __init__(self, socketUDP, readDataQueue, packetSize, numScans): threading.Thread.__init__(self) self.socketUDP = socketUDP self.readDataQueue = readDataQueue self.packetSize = packetSize self.numScans = numScans def run(self): for scan in range(1, self.numScans + 1): buffer = self.socketUDP.recv(self.packetSize) self.readDataQueue.put(buffer) self.socketUDP.close() print 'myServer finished!' class displayWithGTK(threading.Thread): def __init__(self, displayDataQueue, image, viewArea): threading.Thread.__init__(self) self.displayDataQueue = displayDataQueue self.image = image self.viewWidth = viewArea[0] self.viewHeight = viewArea[1] self.displayData = numpy.zeros((self.viewHeight, self.viewWidth, 3), dtype=numpy.uint16) def run(self): scan = 0 try: while True: if not scan % self.viewWidth: scan = 0 buffer = self.displayDataQueue.get(timeout=0.1) self.displayData[:, scan, 0] = numpy.fromstring(buffer, dtype=numpy.uint16) self.displayData[:, scan, 1] = numpy.fromstring(buffer, dtype=numpy.uint16) self.displayData[:, scan, 2] = numpy.fromstring(buffer, dtype=numpy.uint16) gtk.gdk.threads_enter() self.myPixbuf = gtk.gdk.pixbuf_new_from_data(self.displayData.tostring(), gtk.gdk.COLORSPACE_RGB, False, 8, self.viewWidth, self.viewHeight, self.viewWidth * 3) self.image.set_from_pixbuf(self.myPixbuf) self.image.show() gtk.gdk.threads_leave() scan += 1 except Queue.Empty: print 'myDisplay finished!' pass def quitGUI(obj): print 'Currently active threads: %s' % threading.enumerate() gtk.main_quit() if __name__ == '__main__': # Create socket (IPv4 protocol, datagram (UDP)) and bind to address socketUDP = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_DGRAM) host = '192.168.1.5' port = 1024 socketUDP.bind((host, port)) # Data parameters samplesPerScan = 256 packetsPerSecond = 1200 packetSize = 512 duration = 1 # For now, set a fixed duration to log data numScans = int(packetsPerSecond * duration) # Create array to store data data = numpy.zeros((samplesPerScan, numScans), dtype=numpy.uint16) # Create queue for displaying from readDataQueue = Queue.Queue(numScans) # Build GUI from Glade XML file builder = gtk.Builder() builder.add_from_file('GroundVue.glade') window = builder.get_object('mainwindow') window.connect('destroy', quitGUI) view = builder.get_object('viewport') image = gtk.Image() view.add(image) viewArea = (1200, samplesPerScan) # Instantiate & start threads myServer = readFromUDPSocket(socketUDP, readDataQueue, packetSize, numScans) myDisplay = displayWithGTK(readDataQueue, image, viewArea) myServer.start() myDisplay.start() gtk.gdk.threads_enter() gtk.main() gtk.gdk.threads_leave() print 'gtk.main finished!'

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  • "Upgrading" SQL Server 2008 180-day Evaluation to Licenced Standard Edition

    - by alsan
    Hello, I run into the same issue as someone who posted this question on experts-exchange.com (couldn't read the answer though as I don't have an account there): {Quote Begin} I noticed that the 180-day Evaluation version of SQL Server 2008 is the Enterprise version. Is there going to be any problem "upgrading" the Evaluation Enterprise version to a licensed STANDARD version (and how much additional stuff is going to be left inactive on my disk and, more importantly, in my registry, etc. if I do so)? {Quote End} Any advice is appreciated.

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  • Can I avoid a threaded UDP socket in Pyton dropping data?

    - by 666craig
    First off, I'm new to Python and learning on the job, so be gentle! I'm trying to write a threaded Python app for Windows that reads data from a UDP socket (thread-1), writes it to file (thread-2), and displays the live data (thread-3) to a widget (gtk.Image using a gtk.gdk.pixbuf). I'm using queues for communicating data between threads. My problem is that if I start only threads 1 and 3 (so skip the file writing for now), it seems that I lose some data after the first few samples. After this drop it looks fine. Even by letting thread 1 complete before running thread 3, this apparent drop is still there. Apologies for the length of code snippet (I've removed the thread that writes to file), but I felt removing code would just prompt questions. Hope someone can shed some light :-) import socket import threading import Queue import numpy import gtk gtk.gdk.threads_init() import gtk.glade import pygtk class readFromUDPSocket(threading.Thread): def __init__(self, socketUDP, readDataQueue, packetSize, numScans): threading.Thread.__init__(self) self.socketUDP = socketUDP self.readDataQueue = readDataQueue self.packetSize = packetSize self.numScans = numScans def run(self): for scan in range(1, self.numScans + 1): buffer = self.socketUDP.recv(self.packetSize) self.readDataQueue.put(buffer) self.socketUDP.close() print 'myServer finished!' class displayWithGTK(threading.Thread): def __init__(self, displayDataQueue, image, viewArea): threading.Thread.__init__(self) self.displayDataQueue = displayDataQueue self.image = image self.viewWidth = viewArea[0] self.viewHeight = viewArea[1] self.displayData = numpy.zeros((self.viewHeight, self.viewWidth, 3), dtype=numpy.uint16) def run(self): scan = 0 try: while True: if not scan % self.viewWidth: scan = 0 buffer = self.displayDataQueue.get(timeout=0.1) self.displayData[:, scan, 0] = numpy.fromstring(buffer, dtype=numpy.uint16) self.displayData[:, scan, 1] = numpy.fromstring(buffer, dtype=numpy.uint16) self.displayData[:, scan, 2] = numpy.fromstring(buffer, dtype=numpy.uint16) gtk.gdk.threads_enter() self.myPixbuf = gtk.gdk.pixbuf_new_from_data(self.displayData.tostring(), gtk.gdk.COLORSPACE_RGB, False, 8, self.viewWidth, self.viewHeight, self.viewWidth * 3) self.image.set_from_pixbuf(self.myPixbuf) self.image.show() gtk.gdk.threads_leave() scan += 1 except Queue.Empty: print 'myDisplay finished!' pass def quitGUI(obj): print 'Currently active threads: %s' % threading.enumerate() gtk.main_quit() if __name__ == '__main__': # Create socket (IPv4 protocol, datagram (UDP)) and bind to address socketUDP = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_DGRAM) host = '192.168.1.5' port = 1024 socketUDP.bind((host, port)) # Data parameters samplesPerScan = 256 packetsPerSecond = 1200 packetSize = 512 duration = 1 # For now, set a fixed duration to log data numScans = int(packetsPerSecond * duration) # Create array to store data data = numpy.zeros((samplesPerScan, numScans), dtype=numpy.uint16) # Create queue for displaying from readDataQueue = Queue.Queue(numScans) # Build GUI from Glade XML file builder = gtk.Builder() builder.add_from_file('GroundVue.glade') window = builder.get_object('mainwindow') window.connect('destroy', quitGUI) view = builder.get_object('viewport') image = gtk.Image() view.add(image) viewArea = (1200, samplesPerScan) # Instantiate & start threads myServer = readFromUDPSocket(socketUDP, readDataQueue, packetSize, numScans) myDisplay = displayWithGTK(readDataQueue, image, viewArea) myServer.start() myDisplay.start() gtk.gdk.threads_enter() gtk.main() gtk.gdk.threads_leave() print 'gtk.main finished!'

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  • I'm making a simulated tv

    - by Jam
    I need to make a tv that shows the user the channel and the volume, and shows whether or not the television is on. I have the majority of the code made, but for some reason the channels won't switch. I'm fairly unfamiliar with how properties work, and I think that's what my problem here is. Help please. class Television(object): def __init__(self, __channel=1, volume=1, is_on=0): self.__channel=__channel self.volume=volume self.is_on=is_on def __str__(self): if self.is_on==1: print "The tv is on" print self.__channel print self.volume else: print "The television is off." def toggle_power(self): if self.is_on==1: self.is_on=0 return self.is_on if self.is_on==0: self.is_on=1 return self.is_on def get_channel(self): return channel def set_channel(self, choice): if self.is_on==1: if choice>=0 and choice<=499: channel=self.__channel else: print "Invalid channel!" else: print "The television isn't on!" channel=property(get_channel, set_channel) def raise_volume(self, up=1): if self.is_on==1: self.volume+=up if self.volume>=10: self.volume=10 print "Max volume!" else: print "The television isn't on!" def lower_volume(self, down=1): if self.is_on==1: self.volume-=down if self.volume<=0: self.volume=0 print "Muted!" else: print "The television isn't on!" def main(): tv=Television() choice=None while choice!="0": print \ """ Television 0 - Exit 1 - Toggle Power 2 - Change Channel 3 - Raise Volume 4 - Lower Volume """ choice=raw_input("Choice: ") print if choice=="0": print "Good-bye." elif choice=="1": tv.toggle_power() tv.__str__() elif choice=="2": change=raw_input("What would you like to change the channel to?") tv.set_channel(change) tv.__str__() elif choice=="3": tv.raise_volume() tv.__str__() elif choice=="4": tv.lower_volume() tv.__str__() else: print "\nSorry, but", choice, "isn't a valid choice." main() raw_input("Press enter to exit.")

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  • What are the disadvantages of self-encapsulation?

    - by Dave Jarvis
    Background Tony Hoare's billion dollar mistake was the invention of null. Subsequently, a lot of code has become riddled with null pointer exceptions (segfaults) when software developers try to use (dereference) uninitialized variables. In 1989, Wirfs-Brock and Wikerson wrote: Direct references to variables severely limit the ability of programmers to re?ne existing classes. The programming conventions described here structure the use of variables to promote reusable designs. We encourage users of all object-oriented languages to follow these conventions. Additionally, we strongly urge designers of object-oriented languages to consider the effects of unrestricted variable references on reusability. Problem A lot of software, especially in Java, but likely in C# and C++, often uses the following pattern: public class SomeClass { private String someAttribute; public SomeClass() { this.someAttribute = "Some Value"; } public void someMethod() { if( this.someAttribute.equals( "Some Value" ) ) { // do something... } } public void setAttribute( String s ) { this.someAttribute = s; } public String getAttribute() { return this.someAttribute; } } Sometimes a band-aid solution is used by checking for null throughout the code base: public void someMethod() { assert this.someAttribute != null; if( this.someAttribute.equals( "Some Value" ) ) { // do something... } } public void anotherMethod() { assert this.someAttribute != null; if( this.someAttribute.equals( "Some Default Value" ) ) { // do something... } } The band-aid does not always avoid the null pointer problem: a race condition exists. The race condition is mitigated using: public void anotherMethod() { String someAttribute = this.someAttribute; assert someAttribute != null; if( someAttribute.equals( "Some Default Value" ) ) { // do something... } } Yet that requires two statements (assignment to local copy and check for null) every time a class-scoped variable is used to ensure it is valid. Self-Encapsulation Ken Auer's Reusability Through Self-Encapsulation (Pattern Languages of Program Design, Addison Wesley, New York, pp. 505-516, 1994) advocated self-encapsulation combined with lazy initialization. The result, in Java, would resemble: public class SomeClass { private String someAttribute; public SomeClass() { setAttribute( "Some Value" ); } public void someMethod() { if( getAttribute().equals( "Some Value" ) ) { // do something... } } public void setAttribute( String s ) { this.someAttribute = s; } public String getAttribute() { String someAttribute = this.someAttribute; if( someAttribute == null ) { setAttribute( createDefaultValue() ); } return someAttribute; } protected String createDefaultValue() { return "Some Default Value"; } } All duplicate checks for null are superfluous: getAttribute() ensures the value is never null at a single location within the containing class. Efficiency arguments should be fairly moot -- modern compilers and virtual machines can inline the code when possible. As long as variables are never referenced directly, this also allows for proper application of the Open-Closed Principle. Question What are the disadvantages of self-encapsulation, if any? (Ideally, I would like to see references to studies that contrast the robustness of similarly complex systems that use and don't use self-encapsulation, as this strikes me as a fairly straightforward testable hypothesis.)

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  • Site Review: MortgageCalculator.org - Forms Evaluation

    This site allows users to enter basic loan information into a form and when the user clicks the submit button the information is used to calculate a loan summary which includes: monthly payment, total interest paid, and the last payment date. This site uses server side validation and replaces any value not within a normal range with the calculator default for the form field. In addition, they also use server side code to calculate the items on the loan summary which is then displayed to the user. I personally think that by adding client side validation, it would improve the users experience because it would ensure that the data being submitted is within an acceptable norm and if the data entered was not within this range then it would allow the user to adjust the data.

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  • Atom feed validator keeps showing Self reference doesn't match document location

    - by Dino
    I am creating an atom feed, but when I validate it I keep getting: Self reference doesn't match document location and the specific line that is causing the error is: <link rel="self" type="application/atom+xml" href="http://www.example.com/test.rss"/> Please can anyone advise what the error is? Ps. I noticed an up arrow just at the end of that line. (presumably something to do with that bbut not sure)

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  • rhythmbox plugin code for hot key not working

    - by Bunny Rabbit
    def activate(self,shell): self.shell = shell self.copy_selected() self.action = gtk.Action ('foo','bar','baz',None) self.activate_id = self.action.connect ('activate', self.call_bk_fn,self.shell) self.action_group = gtk.ActionGroup ('hot_key_action_group') self.action_group.add_action_with_accel (self.action, "<control>E") uim = shell.get_ui_manager () uim.insert_action_group (self.action_group, 0) uim.ensure_update () def call_bk_fn(): print('hello world') i am using the above code in a plugin for rhythmbox ,and here i am trying to register the key ctr+e so that the call_bk_fn gets called whenever the key combination is pressed , but its not working why is that so ?

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  • SQLAuthority News – My Evaluation of Singapore SharePoint Conference

    - by pinaldave
    Earlier this year I presented at SQLAuthority News – Presenting at South East Asia SharePoint Conference – Oct 26, 27, 2010 – Singapore. I felt very good to be presenting at Singapore as SharePoint Conference as I was the only SQL Speaker at the event. The event was filled with SharePoint enthusiasts and lots of other experts from all around the globe. The event was one of the best organized event, I attended in subcontinent. I just received my feedback score of the event. I was very much surprised and stunned. My ratting are very high as well, my demo were considered as one of the best demo of the whole event. I am not sure how much feedback I can share with community as organizer did not specify to me but I am very certain that I am allowed to share my own feedback. Speaker – 4.39 (best score 4.74, average 3.84) Contents – 4.37 (best score 4.39, average 3.65) Demo – 4.48 (best score, 4.48, average 3.61) I am very glad that all of my efforts to do presentations at SharePoint Conference are finally paid up. I was very much worried earlier if attendees will accept me or not as I am coming as speaker from foreign technology and no one knows me there. I must thank all of you for the same. Reference: Pinal Dave (http://blog.SQLAuthority.com) Filed under: Pinal Dave, SharePoint, SQL, SQL Authority, SQL Query, SQL Server, SQL Tips and Tricks, SQLAuthority Author Visit, T SQL, Technology Tagged: SharePoint

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  • Naming a class that decides to retrieve things from cache or a service + architecture evaluation

    - by Thomas Stock
    Hi, I'm a junior developer and I'm working on a pet project that I want to learn as much as possible from. I have the following scenario: There's a WCF service that I use to retrieve and update data, lets say Cars. So it's called CarWCFService and has a GetCars(), SaveCar(), ... . It implements interface ICarService. This isn't the Actual WCF service but more like a wrapper around it. Upon retrieving data from the service, I want to store them in local memory, as cache. I have made a class for this called CarCacheService which also implements interface ICarService. (I will explain later why it implements ICarService) I don't want client code to be calling these implementations. Instead, I want to create a third implementation for ICarService that tries to read from the CarCacheService before calling the WCFCarService, stores retrieved data in the CarCacheService, etc. 3 questions: How do I name this third class? I was thinking about something as simple as CarService. This does not really says what the service does exactly, tho. Is the naming for the other classes good? Would this naming and architecture be obvious for future programmers? This is my biggest concern. Does this architecture make sense? The reason that I implement ICarService on the CarCacheService is mainly because it allows me to fake the WCFService while debugging. I can store dummy data in a CarCacheService instance and pass it to the CarService, together with an(other) empty CarCacheService. If I made CacheCarService and WCFService public I could let client code decide if they want to drop the caching and just work directly on the WCFService.

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  • Microsoft sort une version d'évaluation de Windows Server 2008 R2 Hyper-V, sa solution de virtualisa

    Mise à jour du 30/03/10 Microsoft sort un ensemble de solutions pour la virtualisation dans Windows Server 2008 R2 Découvrez Windows Server 2008 R2 Hyper-V, System Center et Live Migration Microsoft semblait vouloir mettre les bouchées double dans la virtualisation du poste de travail aussi bien dans Windows 7 que dans Windows Server 2008 R2 (lire ci-avant). Il le confirme aujourd'hui en proposant de découvrir son nouvel ensemble de solutions de virtualisation pour ce dernier. Avec Hyper V, la virtualisation de serveur devient en effet une fonction de base de Windows Server 2008 R2. "Vous pouvez donc consolider sans surcoût vos serveurs phy...

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  • Site Review: Yahoo.com - Forms Evaluation

    Yahoo uses Ajax to suggest search terms to users when they are entering a search phrase into the search text box. Once the user has entered a search term and then presses the search button, the browser will post the search form to the search results page. I think that Yahoo is making great use of Ajax in this situation because they are helping users find information as well as suggesting alternative search terms for them to try based on what has already been added.

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  • Strange Flash AS3 xml Socket behavior

    - by Rnd_d
    I have a problem which I can't understand. To understand it I wrote a socket client on AS3 and a server on python/twisted, you can see the code of both applications below. Let's launch two clients at the same time, arrange them so that you can see both windows and press connection button in both windows. Then press and hold any button. What I'm expecting: Client with pressed button sends a message "some data" to the server, then the server sends this message to all the clients(including the original sender) . Then each client moves right the button 'connectButton' and prints a message to the log with time in the following format: "min:secs:milliseconds". What is going wrong: The motion is smooth in the client that sends the message, but in all other clients the motion is jerky. This happens because messages to those clients arrive later than to the original sending client. And if we have three clients (let's name them A,B,C) and we send a message from A, the sending time log of B and C will be the same. Why other clients recieve this messages later than the original sender? By the way, on ubuntu 10.04/chrome all the motion is smooth. Two clients are launched in separated chromes. windows screenshot Can't post linux screenshot, need more than 10 reputation to post more hyperlinks. Listing of log, four clients simultaneously: [16:29:33.280858] 62.140.224.1 >> some data [16:29:33.280912] 87.249.9.98 << some data [16:29:33.280970] 87.249.9.98 << some data [16:29:33.281025] 87.249.9.98 << some data [16:29:33.281079] 62.140.224.1 << some data [16:29:33.323267] 62.140.224.1 >> some data [16:29:33.323326] 87.249.9.98 << some data [16:29:33.323386] 87.249.9.98 << some data [16:29:33.323440] 87.249.9.98 << some data [16:29:33.323493] 62.140.224.1 << some data [16:29:34.123435] 62.140.224.1 >> some data [16:29:34.123525] 87.249.9.98 << some data [16:29:34.123593] 87.249.9.98 << some data [16:29:34.123648] 87.249.9.98 << some data [16:29:34.123702] 62.140.224.1 << some data AS3 client code package { import adobe.utils.CustomActions; import flash.display.Sprite; import flash.events.DataEvent; import flash.events.Event; import flash.events.IOErrorEvent; import flash.events.KeyboardEvent; import flash.events.MouseEvent; import flash.events.SecurityErrorEvent; import flash.net.XMLSocket; import flash.system.Security; import flash.text.TextField; public class Main extends Sprite { private var socket :XMLSocket; private var textField :TextField = new TextField; private var connectButton :TextField = new TextField; public function Main():void { if (stage) init(); else addEventListener(Event.ADDED_TO_STAGE, init); } private function init(event:Event = null):void { socket = new XMLSocket(); socket.addEventListener(Event.CONNECT, connectHandler); socket.addEventListener(DataEvent.DATA, dataHandler); stage.addEventListener(KeyboardEvent.KEY_DOWN, keyDownHandler); addChild(textField); textField.y = 50; textField.width = 780; textField.height = 500; textField.border = true; connectButton.selectable = false; connectButton.border = true; connectButton.addEventListener(MouseEvent.MOUSE_DOWN, connectMouseDownHandler); connectButton.width = 105; connectButton.height = 20; connectButton.text = "click here to connect"; addChild(connectButton); } private function connectHandler(event:Event):void { textField.appendText("Connect\n"); textField.appendText("Press and hold any key\n"); } private function dataHandler(event:DataEvent):void { var now:Date = new Date(); textField.appendText(event.data + " time = " + now.getMinutes() + ":" + now.getSeconds() + ":" + now.getMilliseconds() + "\n"); connectButton.x += 2; } private function keyDownHandler(event:KeyboardEvent):void { socket.send("some data"); } private function connectMouseDownHandler(event:MouseEvent):void { var connectAddress:String = "ep1c.org"; var connectPort:Number = 13250; Security.loadPolicyFile("xmlsocket://" + connectAddress + ":" + String(connectPort)); socket.connect(connectAddress, connectPort); } } } Python server code from twisted.internet import reactor from twisted.internet.protocol import ServerFactory from twisted.protocols.basic import LineOnlyReceiver import datetime class EchoProtocol(LineOnlyReceiver): ##### name = "" id = 0 delimiter = chr(0) ##### def getName(self): return self.transport.getPeer().host def connectionMade(self): self.id = self.factory.getNextId() print "New connection from %s - id:%s" % (self.getName(), self.id) self.factory.clientProtocols[self.id] = self def connectionLost(self, reason): print "Lost connection from "+ self.getName() del self.factory.clientProtocols[self.id] self.factory.sendMessageToAllClients(self.getName() + " has disconnected.") def lineReceived(self, line): print "[%s] %s >> %s" % (datetime.datetime.now().time(), self, line) if line=="<policy-file-request/>": data = """<?xml version="1.0"?> <!DOCTYPE cross-domain-policy SYSTEM "http://www.adobe.com/xml/dtds/cross-domain-policy.dtd"> <!-- Policy file for xmlsocket://ep1c.org --> <cross-domain-policy> <allow-access-from domain="*" to-ports="%s" /> </cross-domain-policy>""" % PORT self.send(data) else: self.factory.sendMessageToAllClients( line ) def send(self, line): print "[%s] %s << %s" % (datetime.datetime.now().time(), self, line) if line: self.transport.write( str(line) + chr(0)) else: print "Nothing to send" def __str__(self): return self.getName() class ChatProtocolFactory(ServerFactory): protocol = EchoProtocol def __init__(self): self.clientProtocols = {} self.nextId = 0 def getNextId(self): id = self.nextId self.nextId += 1 return id def sendMessageToAllClients(self, msg): for client in self.clientProtocols: self.clientProtocols[client].send(msg) def sendMessageToClient(self, id, msg): self.clientProtocols[id].send(msg) PORT = 13250 print "Starting Server" factory = ChatProtocolFactory() reactor.listenTCP(PORT, factory) reactor.run()

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  • Self-Executing Anonymous Function vs Prototype

    - by Robotsushi
    In Javascript there are a few clearly prominent techniques for create and manage classes/namespaces in javascript. I am curious what situations warrant using one technique vs. the other. I want to pick one and stick with it moving forward. I write enterprise code that is maintained and shared across multiple teams, and I want to know what is the best practice when writing maintainable javascript ? I tend to prefer Self-Executing Anonymous Functions however I am curious what the community vote is on these techniques. Prototype : function obj() { } obj.prototype.test = function() { alert('Hello?'); }; var obj2 = new obj(); obj2.test(); Self-Closing Anonymous Function : //Self-Executing Anonymous Function (function( skillet, $, undefined ) { //Private Property var isHot = true; //Public Property skillet.ingredient = "Bacon Strips"; //Public Method skillet.fry = function() { var oliveOil; addItem( "\t\n Butter \n\t" ); addItem( oliveOil ); console.log( "Frying " + skillet.ingredient ); }; //Private Method function addItem( item ) { if ( item !== undefined ) { console.log( "Adding " + $.trim(item) ); } } }( window.skillet = window.skillet || {}, jQuery )); //Public Properties console.log( skillet.ingredient ); //Bacon Strips //Public Methods skillet.fry(); //Adding Butter & Fraying Bacon Strips //Adding a Public Property skillet.quantity = "12"; console.log( skillet.quantity ); //12 //Adding New Functionality to the Skillet (function( skillet, $, undefined ) { //Private Property var amountOfGrease = "1 Cup"; //Public Method skillet.toString = function() { console.log( skillet.quantity + " " + skillet.ingredient + " & " + amountOfGrease + " of Grease" ); console.log( isHot ? "Hot" : "Cold" ); }; }( window.skillet = window.skillet || {}, jQuery )); //end of skillet definition try { //12 Bacon Strips & 1 Cup of Grease skillet.toString(); //Throws Exception } catch( e ) { console.log( e.message ); //isHot is not defined } I feel that I should mention that the Self-Executing Anonymous Function is the pattern used by the jQuery team. Update When I asked this question I didn't truly see the importance of what I was trying to understand. The real issue at hand is whether or not to use new to create instances of your objects or to use patterns which do not require constructors of the use of the new keyword. I added my own answer, because in my opinion we should make use of patterns which don't use the new keyword. For more information please see my answer.

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  • Trouble with Ubuntu 12.10 install/evaluation

    - by Mike H
    I am trying to install Ubuntu 12.10 onto my Compaq Presario SR1215CL. I downloaded ubuntu-12.10-desktop-i386.iso file using BitTorrent and burned it to a blank DVD-RW. When I boot the computer with the Live Disk in the disk tray I am able to get to the Welcome screen. If I click on "Try Ubuntu" I am left at a blank screen except for the desktop background. There are no menus, toolbars, icons, etc. If I press Ctrl+Alt+Delete at this stage I am able to log out of the Live Session, but am unable to log back in. If I click on "Install Ubuntu" instead, I am able to proceed fairly far into the installation process, but eventually it quits and drops me to the same blank screen as above. I'm not sure at which stage the installer quits, but it does ask me to identify the issue and solve the problem myself from inside the Live Session, which doesn't work. Does anyone have some suggestions on how to get Ubuntu installed and working?

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  • How to Conduct a Website Self Evaluation

    Site owners looking to improve recognition and performance may wish to take some time to evaluate its present level of operation. Site owners recently completing improvements may look to see how these changes have affected site performance. The question remains: Where Do I Start?

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