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• What effect does static const have on a namespace member

  - by user144182

  namespace MyNamespace { static const double GasConstant = 1.987; Class MyClass { // constructors, methods, etc. }; }; I previously had GasConstant declared within the MyClass declaration (and had a separate definition in the source file since C++ does not support const initialization of non-integral types). I however need to access it from other files and also logically it seems like it should reside at the namespace level. My questions is, what effect does static const have in this case? Clearly const means I can't assign a new value to GasConstant, but what does a static member at the namespace mean. Is this similar to filescope static effect, where the member is not accessible outside of the unit?

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• what is the exact difference between PHP static class and singleton class

  - by Saif Bechan

  I have always used a Singleton class for a registry object in PHP. As all Singleton classes I think the main method looks like this: class registry { public static function singleton() { if( !isset( self::$instance ) ) { self::$instance = new registry(); } return self::$instance; } public function doSomething() { echo 'something'; } } So whenever I need something of the registry class I use a function like this: registry::singleton()->doSomethine(); Now I do not understand what the difference is between creating just a normal static function. Will it create a new object if I just use a normal static class. class registry { public static function doSomething() { echo 'something'; } } Now I can just use: registry::doSomethine(); Can someone explain to me what the function is of the singleton class. I really do not understand this.

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• how to deal with a static analyzer output

  - by Jim

  We have started using a static analyzer (Coverity) on our code base. We were promptly stupefied by the sheer amount of warnings we received (its in the hundreds of thousands) , it will take the entire team a few mounts to clear them all (obliviously impossible). the options we discussed so far are 1) hire a contractor to sort out the warning and fix them - he drawback: we will probably need very experiences people to do all these modifications, and no contractor will have required understanding of the code. 2) filter out the warning and deal only with the dangerous ones - the problem here is that our static analysis output will always be cluttered by warning making it difficult for us to isolate problems. also the filtering of the warning is also a major effort. either way, bringing our code to a state when the static analyzer can be a useful tool for us seems a monumental task. so how is it possible to work with the static analyzer without braining current development efforts into a complete stand still?

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• Odd C++ template behaviour with static member vars

  - by jon hanson

  This piece of code is supposed to calculate an approximation to e (i.e. the mathematical constant ~ 2.71828183) at compile-time, using the following approach; e1 = 2 / 1 e2 = (2 * 2 + 1) / (2 * 1) = 5 / 2 = 2.5 e3 = (3 * 5 + 1) / (3 * 2) = 16 / 6 ~ 2.67 e4 = (4 * 16 + 1) / (4 * 6) = 65 / 24 ~ 2.708 ... e(i) = (e(i-1).numer * i + 1) / (e(i-1).denom * i) The computation is returned via the result static member however, after 2 iterations it yields zero instead of the expected value. I've added a static member function f() to compute the same value and that doesn't exhibit the same problem. #include <iostream> #include <iomanip> // Recursive case. template<int ITERS, int NUMERATOR = 2, int DENOMINATOR = 1, int I = 2> struct CalcE { static const double result; static double f () {return CalcE<ITERS, NUMERATOR * I + 1, DENOMINATOR * I, I + 1>::f ();} }; template<int ITERS, int NUMERATOR, int DENOMINATOR, int I> const double CalcE<ITERS, NUMERATOR, DENOMINATOR, I>::result = CalcE<ITERS, NUMERATOR * I + 1, DENOMINATOR * I, I + 1>::result; // Base case. template<int ITERS, int NUMERATOR, int DENOMINATOR> struct CalcE<ITERS, NUMERATOR, DENOMINATOR, ITERS> { static const double result; static double f () {return result;} }; template<int ITERS, int NUMERATOR, int DENOMINATOR> const double CalcE<ITERS, NUMERATOR, DENOMINATOR, ITERS>::result = static_cast<double>(NUMERATOR) / DENOMINATOR; // Test it. int main (int argc, char* argv[]) { std::cout << std::setprecision (8); std::cout << "e2 ~ " << CalcE<2>::result << std::endl; std::cout << "e3 ~ " << CalcE<3>::result << std::endl; std::cout << "e4 ~ " << CalcE<4>::result << std::endl; std::cout << "e5 ~ " << CalcE<5>::result << std::endl; std::cout << std::endl; std::cout << "e2 ~ " << CalcE<2>::f () << std::endl; std::cout << "e3 ~ " << CalcE<3>::f () << std::endl; std::cout << "e4 ~ " << CalcE<4>::f () << std::endl; std::cout << "e5 ~ " << CalcE<5>::f () << std::endl; return 0; } I've tested this with VS 2008 and VS 2010, and get the same results in each case: e2 ~ 2 e3 ~ 2.5 e4 ~ 0 e5 ~ 0 e2 ~ 2 e3 ~ 2.5 e4 ~ 2.6666667 e5 ~ 2.7083333 Why does result not yield the expected values whereas f() does? According to Rotsor's comment below, this does work with GCC, so I guess the question is, am i relying on some type of undefined behaviour with regards to static initialisation order, or is this a bug with Visual Studio?

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• static const C++ class member initialized gives a duplicate symbol error when linking

  - by Petruza

  I have a class which has a static const array, it has to be initialized outside the class: class foo{ static const int array[3]; }; const int foo::array[3] = { 1, 2, 3 }; But then I get a duplicate symbol foo::array in foo.o and main.o foo.o hold the foo class, and main.o holds main() and uses instances of foo. How can I share this static const array between all instances of foo? I mean, that's the idea of a static member.

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• Serving CSS from a static domain

  - by Saif Bechan

  I want to serve my css and images from a static cookieless domain. Now my problem is how to point to the images from within my css files. I don't want to program my domain hard within the css file, for example: http://static.com/image.png I would rather have a variable pointing to the the image, so it works for every static domain i use. What is the best way for achieving this. Should i run the whole css file trough php and add the static domain in front of all the png references. A downside in this is that i have to place the whole css in html. Or is there another more optimized way of doing this.

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• question about static variables and extern in plain C

  - by user324994

  Is there a difference between declaring a static variable outside of a function and declaring a static variable inside a function? Also, what's the difference between declaring a variable as static and just declaring an extern variable?

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• Java: when to use static methods

  - by KP65

  Hello, I am wondering when to use static methods? Say If i have a class with a few getters and setters, a method or two, and i want those methods only to be invokable on an instance object of the class. Does this mean i should use a static method? e.g Obj x = new Obj(); x.someMethod or Obj.someMethod (is this the static way?) I'm rather confused!

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• What's static function for in c?

  - by user198729

  I only see static methods by which we don't need to instantiate a class to call the method. What's the purpose of a static function? static GtkWidget * create_bbox (gint horizontal, char *title, gint spacing, gint layout) { ... }

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• Why can't you call a non-static method from a static method?

  - by VoodooChild

  I have a static method [Method1] in my class, which calls another method [Method2] in the same class and is not a static method. But this is a no-no. I get this error: An object reference is required for the non-static field, method, or property "ClassName.MethodName()" Can someone please briefly describe why? including other things that might be related to this.

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• static, define, and const in C

  - by yCalleecharan

  Hi, I've read that static variables are used inside function when one doesn't want the variable value to change/initialize each time the function is called. But what about defining a variable static in the main program before "main" e.g. #include <stdio.h> static double m = 30000; int main(void) { value = m * 2 + 3; } Here the variable m has a constant value that won't get modified later in the main program. In the same line of thought what difference does it make to have these instead of using the static definition: const double m = 30000; or #define m 30000 //m or M and then making sure here to use double operations in the main code so as to convert m to the right data type. Thanks a lot...

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• Static variables in C and C++

  - by Naveen

  Is there any difference between a variable declared as static outside any function between C and C++. I read that static means file scope and the variables will not be accessible outside the file. I also read that in C, global variables are static . So does that mean that global variables in C can not be accessed in another file?

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• Javascript - cannot make static reference to non-static function ....

  - by Ankur

  I am making a reference to the Javascript function splice() on an array and I get the error: "Cannot make a static reference to the non-static function splice()" What's going on - how is this a static reference, aren't I referencing an instance of an Array class and its method - how is that static? $(document).ready( function() { var queryPreds = new Array(); var queryObjs = new Array(); function remFromQuery(predicate) { for(var i=0; i<arrayName.length;i++ ) { if(queryPreds[i]==predicate) queryPreds.splice(i,1); queryObjs.splice(i,1); } } }

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• Would you make this method Static or not?

  - by Adam Drummond

  During a code review I presented a method quickly to the team that I had made static and one person agreed that there was no reason for it to not be static and a person disagreed saying that he would not make it static because it wasn't necessary and just to be on the safe side for future modifications and testing. So I did quite a bit of research and obviously it's a specialized case but I would like to know what you would do in this situation and why? (Its basically a helper method I call from a few different methods, a very low traffic page. More for my knowledge and learning on Static.) private IEnumerable<Category> GetCategoryByID(int id, Context context) { var categoryQuery = from selectAllProc in context.SelectAll_sp() where selectAllProc.CategoryID == id select selectAllProc; return categoryQuery; }

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• vc++ - static member is showing error

  - by prabhakaran

  I am using vc++(2010). I am trying to create a class for server side socket. Here is the header file #include<winsock.h> #include<string> #include<iostream> using namespace std; class AcceptSocket { // static SOCKET s; protected: SOCKET acceptSocket; public: AcceptSocket(){}; void setSocket(SOCKET socket); static void EstablishConnection(int portNo,string&); static void closeConnection(); static void StartAccepting(); virtual void threadDeal(); static DWORD WINAPI MyThreadFunction(LPVOID lpParam); }; SOCKET AcceptSocket::s; and the corresponding source file #include<NetWorking.h> #include<string> void AcceptSocket::setSocket(SOCKET s) { acceptSocket=s; } void AcceptSocket::EstablishConnection(int portno,string &failure) { WSAData w; int error = WSAStartup(0x0202,&w); if(error) failure=failure+"\nWSAStartupFailure"; if(w.wVersion != 0x0202) { WSACleanup(); failure=failure+"\nVersion is different"; } SOCKADDR_IN addr; addr.sin_family=AF_INET; addr.sin_port=htons(portno); addr.sin_addr.s_addr=htonl(INADDR_ANY); AcceptSocket::s=socket(AF_INET,SOCK_STREAM,IPPROTO_TCP); if(AcceptSocket::s == INVALID_SOCKET) failure=failure+"\nsocket creating error"; if(bind(AcceptSocket::s,(LPSOCKADDR) &addr,sizeof(addr)) == SOCKET_ERROR) failure=failure+"\nbinding error"; listen(AcceptSocket::s,SOMAXCONN); } void AcceptSocket::closeConnection() { if(AcceptSocket::s) closesocket(AcceptSocket::s); WSACleanup(); } void AcceptSocket::StartAccepting() { sockaddr_in addrNew; int size=sizeof(addrNew); while(1) { SOCKET temp=accept(AcceptSocket::s,(sockaddr *)&addrNew,&size); AcceptSocket * tempAcceptSocket=new AcceptSocket(); tempAcceptSocket->setSocket(temp); DWORD threadId; HANDLE thread=CreateThread(NULL,0,MyThreadFunction,(LPVOID)tempAcceptSocket,0,&threadId); } } DWORD WINAPI AcceptSocket::MyThreadFunction(LPVOID lpParam) { AcceptSocket * acceptsocket=(AcceptSocket *) lpParam; acceptsocket->threadDeal(); return 1; } void AcceptSocket::threadDeal() { "You didn't define threadDeal in the derived class"; } Now the main.cpp is #include<Networking.h> int main() { } When I am compiling The error I got is Error 1 error LNK2005: "private: static unsigned int AcceptSocket::s" (?s@AcceptSocket@@0IA) already defined in NetWorking.obj C:\Documents and Settings\prabhakaran\Desktop\check\check\main.obj check Error 2 error LNK1169: one or more multiply defined symbols found C:\Documents and Settings\prabhakaran\Desktop\check\Debug\check.exe 1 1 check Now anybody please enlighten me about this issue

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• Unable to access static var from Document Class in AS3

  - by omidomid

  I have a Document class called "CityModule", and an asset with class "City". Below is the coe for each. For some reason, I am unable to access the static variables of the City class from CityModule: CityModule.as: package { public class CityModule extends MovieClip { public function CityModule() { var buildings:Array = City.getBuildings(); } } } } City.as: package { import flash.display.MovieClip; public class City extends MovieClip { private static var _buildings:Array = [ {className:'City.Generic1', type:'generic'}, {className:'City.Generic2', type:'generic'}, {className:'City.Generic3', type:'generic'} ]; public function City(){ //empty } public static function getBuildings():Array{ return _buildings; } } } Doing this gives me a "Call to a possibly undefined method getBuildings" error. If I instantiate an instance of City, I can see any public/ getters/ setters perfectly fine. But static isn't working...

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• CodeIgniter static class question

  - by Josh K

  If I would like to have several static methods in my models so I can say User::get_registered_users() and have it do something like public static function get_registered_users() { $sql = "SELECT * FROM `users` WHERE `is_registered` = 0"; $this->db->query($sql); // etc... } Is it possible to access the $this->db object or create a new one for a static method?

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• Why can we have static final members but cant have static method in an inner class ?

  - by user275131

  Why can we have static final members but cant have static method in an inner class ? Can we access static final member variables of inner class outside the outer class without instantiating inner class ?

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• How to free static member variable in C++?

  - by user299831

  Can anybody explain how to free memory of a static member Variable? In my understanding it can only be freed if all the instances of the class are destroyed. I am a little bit helpless at this point... Some Code to explain it: class ball { private: static SDL_Surface *ball_image; }; //FIXME: how to free static Variable? SDL_Surface* ball::ball_image = SDL_LoadBMP("ball.bmp");

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• C++ static virtual members?

  - by cvb

  Is it possible in C++ to have a member function that is both static and virtual? Apperantly, there isn't a straight-forward way to do it (static virtual member(); is a complie error), but at least a way to acheive the same effect? I.E: struct Object { struct TypeInformation; static virtual const TypeInformation &GetTypeInformation() const; }; struct SomeObject : public Object { static virtual const TypeInformation &GetTypeInformation() const; }; It makes sence to use GetTypeInformation() both on an instance (object->GetTypeInformation()) and on a class (SomeObject::GetTypeInformation()), which can be useful for comparsions and vital for templates. The only ways I can think of involves writing two functions / a function and a constant, per class, or use macros. Any other solutions?

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• Why does this static field always get initialized over-eagerly?

  - by TheSilverBullet

  I am looking at this excellent article from Jon Skeet. While executing the demo code, Jon Skeet says that we can expect three different kinds of behaviours. To quote that article: The runtime could decide to run the type initializer on loading the assembly to start with... Or perhaps it will run it when the static method is first run... Or even wait until the field is first accessed... When I try this out (on framework 4), I always get the first result. That is, the static method is initialized before the assembly is loaded. I have tried running this multiple times and get the same result. (I tried both the debug and release versions) Why is this so? Am I missing something?

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• Make methods that do not depend on instance fields, static?

  - by m3th0dman

  Recently I started programming in Groovy for a integration testing framework, for a Java project. I use Intellij IDEA with Groovy plug-in and I am surprised to see as a warning for all the methods that are non-static and do not depend on any instance fields. In Java, however, this is not an issue (at least from IDE's point of view). Should all methods that do not depend onto any instance fields be transformed into static functions? If true, is this specific to Groovy or it is available for OOP in general? And why?

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• C#4: Why does this static field always get initialized over-eagerly?

  - by TheSilverBullet

  I am looking at this excellent article from Jon Skeet at this location: http://csharpindepth.com/Articles/General/Beforefieldinit.aspx While executing the demo code, Jon Skeet says that we can expect three different kinds of behaviours. To quote that article: The runtime could decide to run the type initializer on loading the assembly to start with... Or perhaps it will run it when the static method is first run... Or even wait until the field is first accessed... When I try this out (on framework 4), I always get the first result. That is, the static method is initialized before the assembly is loaded. I have tried running this multiple times and get the same result. (I tried both the debug and release versions) Why is this so? Am I missing something?

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• Requriing static class setter to be called before Constructor, bad design?

  - by roverred

  I have a class, say Foo, and every instance of Foo will need and contain the same List object, myList. Since every class instance will share the same List Object, I thought it would be good to make myList static and use a static function to set myList before the constructor is called. I was wondering if this was bad, because this requires the setter to be called before the constructor. If the person doesn't, the program will crash. Alternative way would be passing myList every time. Thanks.

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• What is the difference between all-static-methods and applying a singleton pattern?

  - by shahensha

  I am making a database to store information about the users of my website (I am using stuts2 and hence Java EE technology). For the database I'll be making a DBManager. Should I apply singleton pattern here or rather make all it's methods static? I will be using this DBManager for basic things like adding, deleting and updating User profiles. Along with it, I'll use for all other querying purposes, for instance to find out whether a username already exists and to get all users for administrative purposes and stuff like that. My questions What is the benefit of singleton pattern? Which thing is most apt here? All static methods or a singleton pattern? Please compare both of them. regards shahensha P.S. The database is bigger than this. Here I am talking only about the tables which I'll be using for storing User Information.

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