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• How does virtual inheritance solve the diamond problem?

  - by cambr

  class A { public: void eat(){ cout<<"A";} }; class B: virtual public A { public: void eat(){ cout<<"B";} }; class C: virtual public A { public: void eat(){ cout<<"C";} }; class D: public B,C { public: void eat(){ cout<<"D";} }; int main(){ A *a = new D(); a->eat(); } I understand the diamond problem, and above piece of code does not have that problem. How exatly does virtual inheritance solve the problem? What I understand: When I say A *a = new D();, the compiler wants to know if an object of type D can be assigned to a pointer of type A, but it has two paths that it can follow, but cannot decide by itself. So, how does virtual inheritance resolve the issue (help compiler take the decision)?

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• Binding ListBox to List (Collection) in XAML

  - by david2tm

  Hello, I'm learning WPF, so I'm kind of n00b in this. I saw some examples about how to do what I want to do, but nothing exactly... The question: I want to bind List to ListBox. I want to do it in XAML, w/o coding in code behind. How can I achieve that? Right now I do it that way: <!-- XAML --> <ListBox x:Name="FileList"> <ListBox.ItemTemplate> <DataTemplate> <Label Content="{Binding Path=.}"/> </DataTemplate> </ListBox.ItemTemplate> </ListBox> // Code behind public MainWindow() { // ... files = new List<string>(); FileList.ItemsSource = files; } private void FolderBrowser_TextChanged(object sender, RoutedEventArgs e) { string folder = FolderBrowser.Text; files.Clear(); files.AddRange(Directory.GetFiles(folder, "*.txt", SearchOption.AllDirectories)); FileList.Items.Refresh(); } But I want to get rid of FileList.ItemsSource = files; and FileList.Items.Refresh(); in C# code. Thanks

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• What are best practices for managing related Cabal packages?

  - by Norman Ramsey

  I'm working on a dataflow-based optimization library written in Haskell. It now seems likely that the library is going to have to be split into two pieces: A core piece with minimal build dependencies; call it hoopl-core. A full piece, call it hoopl, which may have extra dependencies on packages like a prettyprinter, QuickCheck, and so on. The idea is that the Glasgow Haskell Compiler will depend only on hoopl-core, so that it won't be too difficult to bootstrap the compiler. Other compilers will get the extra goodies in hoopl. Package hoopl will depend on hoopl-core. The Debian package tools can build multiple packages from a single source tree. Unfortunately Cabal has not yet reached that level of sophistication. But there must be other library or application designers out there who have similar issues (e.g., one package for a core library, another for a command-line interface, another for a GUI interface). What are current best practices for building and managing multiple related Haskell packages using Cabal?

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• Build failed question - maven - jre or jdk problem

  - by Gandalf StormCrow

  Hi all, I have my JAVA_HOME set to C:\Program Files (x86)\Java\jdk1.6.0_18 After I run maven install I get this message from eclipse: Reason: Unable to locate the Javac Compiler in: C:\Program Files (x86)\Java\jre6\..\lib\tools.jar Please ensure you are using JDK 1.4 or above and not a JRE (the com.sun.tools.javac.Main class is required). In most cases you can change the location of your Java installation by setting the JAVA_HOME environment variable. I'm certain that this is the tricky part Please ensure you are using JDK 1.4 or above and not a JRE When I run configuration its set to JRE6, how do I change it to JDK 1.6 which I have already installed EDIT I even tried to modify the plugin : <plugin> <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId> <artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId> <version>2.0.2</version> <configuration> <source>1.6</source> <target>1.6</target> <executable>C:\Program Files (x86)\Java\jdk1.6.0_18\bin</executable> </configuration> </plugin> Still I get the same error Maybe I forgot to say I use eclipse maven plugin .. how can I change from JRE to JDK in eclipse ?

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• Direct invocation vs indirect invocation in C

  - by Mohit Deshpande

  I am new to C and I was reading about how pointers "point" to the address of another variable. So I have tried indirect invocation and direct invocation and received the same results (as any C/C++ developer could have predicted). This is what I did: int cost; int *cost_ptr; int main() { cost_ptr = &cost; //assign pointer to cost cost = 100; //intialize cost with a value printf("\nDirect Access: %d", cost); cost = 0; //reset the value *cost_ptr = 100; printf("\nIndirect Access: %d", *cost_ptr); //some code here return 0; //1 } So I am wondering if indirect invocation with pointers has any advantages over direct invocation or vice-versa. Some advantages/disadvantages could include speed, amount of memory consumed performing the operation (most likely the same but I just wanted to put that out there), safeness (like dangling pointers) , good programming practice, etc. 1Funny thing, I am using the GNU C Compiler (gcc) and it still compiles without the return statement and everything is as expected. Maybe because the C++ compiler will automatically insert the return statement if you forget.

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• Backreferences in lookbehind

  - by polygenelubricants

  Can you use backreferences in a lookbehind? Let's say I want to split wherever behind me a character is repeated twice. String REGEX1 = "(?<=(.)\\1)"; // DOESN'T WORK! String REGEX2 = "(?<=(?=(.)\\1)..)"; // WORKS! System.out.println(java.util.Arrays.toString( "Bazooka killed the poor aardvark (yummy!)" .split(REGEX2) )); // prints "[Bazoo, ka kill, ed the poo, r aa, rdvark (yumm, y!)]" Using REGEX2 (where the backreference is in a lookahead nested inside a lookbehind) works, but REGEX1 gives this error at run-time: Look-behind group does not have an obvious maximum length near index 8 (?<=(.)\1) ^ This sort of make sense, I suppose, because in general the backreference can capture a string of any length (if the regex compiler is a bit smarter, though, it could determine that \1 is (.) in this case, and therefore has a finite length). So is there a way to use a backreference in a lookbehind? And if there isn't, can you always work around it using this nested lookahead? Are there other commonly-used techniques?

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• Namespace Problem

  - by Tarik

  Hello, Normally we all do use using System.Linq; and using System.Data.Linq; for example on the code-behind and expect we can reach the members of these namespaces from Source Code like <%= Something.First()%> but when I wrote it, asp.net said it couldn't find First() in the context and I had to add <%@ Import Namespace="System.Linq" which looked very weird to me but it worked out. Since they are targeting at the same class why they both need separate namespace importing. Code-behind : using System; using System.Data.Linq; using System.Linq; using System.Text namespace Something { class Items : System.Web.UI { //... } } but also I need to add the same Linq namespace on the Html Source part <%@Import Namespace="System.Linq"%> Do I know something wrong or this is some kind of bug in asp.net. I thought when the page is compiling, asp.net combines these two classes and converts html source code into cs class and indicates the control in Control c= new Control(); hierarchy. Thanks in advance.

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• Hg: How to do a rebase like git's rebase

  - by jpswain09

  Hey guys, In Git I can do this: 1. Start working on new feature: $ git co -b newfeature-123 # (a local feature development branch) do a few commits (M, N, O) master A---B---C \ newfeature-123 M---N---O 2. Pull new changes from upstream master: $ git pull (master updated with ff-commits) master A---B---C---D---E---F \ newfeature-123 M---N---O 3. Rebase off master so that my new feature can be developed against the latest upstream changes: (from newfeature-123) $ git rebase master master A---B---C---D---E---F \ newfeature-123 M---N---O I want to know how to do the same thing in Mercurial, and I've scoured the web for an answer, but the best I could find was this: http://www.selenic.com/pipermail/mercurial/2007-June/013393.html That link provides 2 examples: 1. I'll admit that this: (replacing the revisions from the example with those from my own example) hg up -C F hg branch -f newfeature-123 hg transplant -a -b newfeature-123 is not too bad, except that it leaves behind the pre-rebase M-N-O as an unmerged head and creates 3 new commits M',N',O' that represent them branching off the updated mainline. Basically the problem is that I end up with this: master A---B---C---D---E---F \ \ newfeature-123 \ M'---N'---O' \ newfeature-123 M---N---O this is not good because it leaves behind local, unwanted commits that should be dropped. The other option from the same link is hg qimport -r M:O hg qpop -a hg up F hg branch newfeature-123 hg qpush -a hg qdel -r qbase:qtip and this does result in the desired graph: master A---B---C---D---E---F \ newfeature-123 M---N---O but these commands (all 6 of them!) seem so much more complicated than $ git rebase master I want to know if this is the only equivalent in Hg or if there is some other way available that is simple like Git. Thanks!! Jamie

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• Extension methods in class library project

  - by Mostafa

  I've implemented some extension methods and put those in separate Class Library project. Imagine I have a simple extension method like this in class library called MD.Utility: namespace MD.Utility { public static class ExtenMethods { public static bool IsValidEmailAddress(this string s) { Regex regex = new Regex(@"^[\w-\.]+@([\w-]+\.)+[\w-]{2,4}$"); return regex.IsMatch(s); } } } But nowhere in WebApp like App_code folder or WebFroms code-behind page I can't use this Extension method. If I do like this: using System; using System.Collections.Generic; using System.Linq; using System.Web; using System.Web.UI; using System.Web.UI.WebControls; using MD.Utility; public partial class _Default : System.Web.UI.Page { protected void Page_Load(object sender, EventArgs e) { string email = "[email protected]"; if (email.IsValidEmailAddress()) { //To do } } } The compiler doesn't recognize IsValidEmailAddress() and even no intellisense support. While if I put my extension method in App_Code folder it's ok for using in another cs file in App_code Folder or Web Form code-behind pages.

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• How do you think while formulating Sql Queries. Is it an experience or a concept ?

  - by Shantanu Gupta

  I have been working on sql server and front end coding and have usually faced problem formulating queries. I do understand most of the concepts of sql that are needed in formulating queries but whenever some new functionality comes into the picture that can be dont using sql query, i do usually fails resolving them. I am very comfortable with select queries using joins and all such things but when it comes to DML operation i usually fails For every query that i never done before I usually finds uncomfortable with that while creating them. Whenever I goes for an interview I usually faces this problem. Is it their some concept behind approaching on formulating sql queries. Eg. I need to create an sql query such that A table contain single column having duplicate record. I need to remove duplicate records. I know i can find the solution to this query very easily on Googling, but I want to know how everyone comes to the desired result. Is it something like Practice Makes Man Perfect i.e. once you did it, next time you will be able to formulate or their is some logic or concept behind. I could have get my answer of solving above problem simply by posting it on stackoverflow and i would have been with an answer within 5 to 10 minutes but I want to know the reason. How do you work on any new kind of query. Is it a major contribution of experience or some an implementation of concepts. Whenever I learns some new thing in coding section I tries to utilize it wherever I can use it. But here scenario seems to be changed because might be i am lagging in some concepts.

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• Use of const double for intermediate results

  - by Arne

  Hi, I a writing a Simulation program and wondering if the use of const double is of any use when storing intermediate results. Consider this snippet: double DoSomeCalculation(const AcModel &model) { (...) const double V = model.GetVelocity(); const double m = model.GetMass(); const double cos_gamma = cos(model.GetFlightPathAngleRad()); (...) return m*V*cos_gamma*Chi_dot; } Note that the sample is there only to illustrate -- it might not make to much sense from the engineering side of things. The motivation of storing for example cos_gamma in a variable is that this cosine is used many time in other expressions covered by (...) and I feel that the code gets more readable when using cos_gamma rather than cos(model.GetFlightPathAngleRad()) in various expressions. Now the actual is question is this: since I expect the cosine to be the same througout the code section and I actually created the thing only as a placeholder and for convenience I tend to declare it const. Is there a etablished opinion on wether this is good or bad practive or whether it might bite me in the end? Does a compiler make any use of this additional information or am I actually hindering the compiler from performing useful optimizations? Arne

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• Loading and binding a serialized view model to a WPF window?

  - by generalt

  Hello all. I'm writing a one-window UI for a simple ETL tool. The UI consists of the window, the code behind for the window, a view model for the window, and the business logic. I wanted to provide functionality to the users to save the state of the UI because the content of about 10-12 text boxes will be reused between sessions, but are specific to the user. I figured I could serialize the view model, which contains all the data from the textboxes, and this works fine, but I'm having trouble loading the information in the serialized XML file back into the text boxes. Constructor of window: public ETLWindow() { InitializeComponent(); _viewModel = new ViewModel(); this.DataContext = _viewModel; _viewModel.State = Constants.STATE_IDLE; Loaded += new RoutedEventHandler(MainWindow_Loaded); } XAML: <TextBox x:Name="targetDirectory" IsReadOnly="true" Text="{Binding TargetDatabaseDirectory, UpdateSourceTrigger=PropertyChanged}"/> ViewModel corresponding property: private string _targetDatabaseDirectory; [XmlElement()] public string TargetDatabaseDirectory { get { return _targetDatabaseDirectory; } set { _targetDatabaseDirectory = value; OnPropertyChanged(DataUtilities.General.Utilities.GetPropertyName(() => new ViewModel().TargetDatabaseDirectory)); } Load event in code behind: private void loadState_Click(object sender, RoutedEventArgs e) { string statePath = this.getFilePath(); _viewModel = ViewModel.LoadModel(statePath); } As you can guess, the LoadModel method deserializes the serialized file on the user's drive. I couldn't find much on the web regarding this issue. I know this probably has something to do with my bindings. Is there some way to refresh on the bindings on the XAML after I deserialize the view model? Or perhaps refresh all properties on the view model? Or am I completely insane thinking any of this could be done? Thanks.

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• Are we DELPHI, VCL or Pascal programmers?

  - by José Eduardo

  i´ve been a delphi database programmer since D2. Now i´m facing some digital imaging and 3D challenges that make me to start study OpenGL, DirectX, Color Spaces and so on. I´m really trying but nobody seems to use Delphi for this kind of stuff, just the good-old-paycheck Database programming. ok, i know that we have some very smart guys behind some clever components, some of this open-source. Is there any PhotoShop, Blender, Maya, Office, Sonar, StarCraft, Call of Dutty written in Delphi? Do i have to learn C++ to have access to zillions of books about that kind of stuff? What is the fuzz/hype behind this: int *varName = &anhoterThing? Why pointers seems to be the holy graal to this apps? I´ve downloaded MSVC++ Express and start to learn some WPF and QT integration, and i think: "Man, Delphi does this kind of stuff, with less code, less headaches, since the wheels were invented" This lead my mind to the following... Do you ever tried to write a simple notepad program using just notepad and dcc32 in Pascal/Delphi? if so embarcadero could make our beloved pascal compiler free, and sell just the ide, the vcl, the customer support ... and back to the question: Are we DELPHI, VCL or Pascal programmers?

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• Possible to Inspect Innards of Core C# Functionality

  - by Nick Babcock

  I was struck today, with the inclination to compare the innards of Buffer.BlockCopy and Array.CopyTo. I am curious to see if Array.CopyTo called Buffer.BlockCopy behind the scenes. There is no practical purpose behind this, I just want to further my understanding of the C# language and how it is implemented. Don't jump the gun and accuse me of micro-optimization, but you can accuse me of being curious! When I ran ILasm on mscorlib.dll I received this for Array.CopyTo .method public hidebysig newslot virtual final instance void CopyTo(class System.Array 'array', int32 index) cil managed { // Code size 0 (0x0) } // end of method Array::CopyTo and this for Buffer.BlockCopy .method public hidebysig static void BlockCopy(class System.Array src, int32 srcOffset, class System.Array dst, int32 dstOffset, int32 count) cil managed internalcall { .custom instance void System.Security.SecuritySafeCriticalAttribute::.ctor() = ( 01 00 00 00 ) } // end of method Buffer::BlockCopy Which, frankly, baffles me. I've never run ILasm on a dll/exe I didn't create. Does this mean that I won't be able to see how these functions are implemented? Searching around only revealed a stackoverflow question, which Marc Gravell said [Buffer.BlockCopy] is basically a wrapper over a raw mem-copy While insightful, it doesn't answer my question if Array.CopyTo calls Buffer.BlockCopy. I'm specifically interested in if I'm able to see how these two functions are implemented, and if I had future questions about the internals of C#, if it is possible for me to investigate it. Or am I out of luck?

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• Problem: Vectorizing Code with Intel Visual FORTRAN for X64

  - by user313209

  I'm compiling my fortran90 code using Intel Visual FORTRAN on Windows Server 2003 Enterprise X64 Edition. When I compile the code for 32 bit structure and using automatic and manual vectorizing options. The code will be compiled, vectorized. And when I run it on 8 core system the compiled code uses 70% of CPU that shows me that vectorizing is working. But when I compile the code with 64 Bit compiler, it says that the code is vectorized but when I run it it only shows CPU usage of about 12% that is full usage for one core out of 8, so it means that while the compiler says that code is vectorized, vectorization is not working. And it's strange for me because it's on a X64 Edition Windows and I was expecting to see the reverse result. I thought that it should be better to run a code that is compiled for 64 Bit architecture on a 64 bit windows. Anyone have any idea why the compiled code is not able to use the full power of multiple cores for 64 Bit Compiled version? Thanks in advance for your responses.

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• checkbox like radiobutton wpf c#

  - by rockenpeace

  i have investigated this problem but this is solved in design view and code-behind. but my problem is little difference: i try to do this as only code-behind because my checkboxes are dynamically created according to database data.In other words, number of my checkboxes is not stable. i want to check only one checkbox in group of checkboxes. when i clicked one checkbox,i want that ischecked property of other checkboxes become false.this is same property in radiobuttons. i take my checkboxes from a stackpanel in xaml side: <StackPanel Margin="4" Orientation="Vertical" Grid.Row="1" Grid.Column="1" Name="companiesContainer"> </StackPanel> my xaml.cs: using (var c = new RSPDbContext()) { var q = (from v in c.Companies select v).ToList(); foreach (var na in q) { CheckBox ch = new CheckBox(); ch.Content = na.Name; ch.Tag = na; companiesContainer.Children.Add(ch); } } foreach (object i in companiesContainer.Children) { CheckBox chk = (CheckBox)i; chk.SetBinding(ToggleButton.IsCheckedProperty, "DataItem.IsChecked"); } how can i provide this property in checkboxes in xaml.cs ? thanks in advance..

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• C# - parse content away from structure in a binary file

  - by Jeff Godfrey

  Using C#, I need to read a packed binary file created using FORTRAN. The file is stored in an "Unformatted Sequential" format as described here (about half-way down the page in the "Unformatted Sequential Files" section): http://www.tacc.utexas.edu/services/userguides/intel8/fc/f_ug1/pggfmsp.htm As you can see from the URL, the file is organized into "chunks" of 130 bytes or less and includes 2 length bytes (inserted by the FORTRAN compiler) surrounding each chunk. So, I need to find an efficient way to parse the actual file payload away from the compiler-inserted formatting. Once I've extracted the actual payload from the file, I'll then need to parse it up into its varying data types. That'll be the next exercise. My first thoughts are to slurp up the entire file into a byte array using File.ReadAllBytes. Then, just iterate through the bytes, skipping the formatting and transferring the actual data to a second byte array. In the end, that second byte array should contain the actual file contents minus all the formatting, which I'd then need to go back through to get what I need. As I'm fairly new to C#, I thought there might be a better, more accepted way of tackling this. Also, in case it's helpful, these files could be fairly large (say 30MB), though most will be much smaller...

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• Is it valid to use unsafe struct * as an opaque type instead of IntPtr in .NET Platform Invoke?

  - by David Jeske

  .NET Platform Invoke advocates declaring pointer types as IntPtr. For example, the following [DllImport("user32.dll")] static extern IntPtr SendMessage(IntPtr hWnd, UInt32 Msg, Int32 wParam, Int32 lParam); However, I find when interfacing with interesting native interfaces, that have many pointer types, flattening everything into IntPtr makes the code very hard to read and removes the typical typechecking that a compiler can do. I've been using a pattern where I declare an unsafe struct to be an opaque pointer type. I can store this pointer type in a managed object, and the compiler can typecheck it form me. For example: class Foo { unsafe struct FOO {}; // opaque type unsafe FOO *my_foo; class if { [DllImport("mydll")] extern static unsafe FOO* get_foo(); [DllImport("mydll")] extern static unsafe void do_something_foo(FOO *foo); } public unsafe Foo() { this.my_foo = if.get_foo(); } public unsafe do_something_foo() { if.do_something_foo(this.my_foo); } While this example may not seem different than using IntPtr, when there are several pointer types moving between managed and native code, using these opaque pointer types for typechecking is a godsend. I have not run into any trouble using this technique in practice. However, I also have not seen an examples of anyone using this technique, and I wonder why. Is there any reason that the above code is invalid in the eyes of the .NET runtime? My main question is about how the .NET GC system treats "unsafe FOO *my_foo". Is this pointer something the GC system is going to try to trace, or is it simply going to ignore it? My hope is that because the underlying type is a struct, and it's declared unsafe, that the GC would ignore it. However, I don't know for sure. Thoughts?

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• Linking the Linker script file to source code

  - by user304097

  Hello , I am new to GNU compiler. I have a C source code file which contains some structures and variables in which I need to place certain variables at a particular locations. So, I have written a linker script file and used the __ attribute__("SECTION") at variable declaration, in C source code. I am using a GNU compiler (cygwin) to compile the source code and creating a .hex file using -objcopy option, but I am not getting how to link my linker script file at compilation to relocate the variables accordingly. I am attaching the linker script file and the C source file for the reference. Please help me link the linker script file to my source code, while creating the .hex file using GNU. /*linker script file*/ /*defining memory regions*/ MEMORY { base_table_ram : org = 0x00700000, len = 0x00000100 /*base table area for BASE table*/ mem2 : org =0x00800200, len = 0x00000300 /* other structure variables*/ } /*Sections directive definitions*/ SECTIONS { BASE_TABLE : { } > base_table_ram GROUP : { .text : { } { *(SEG_HEADER) } .data : { } { *(SEG_HEADER) } .bss : { } { *(SEG_HEADER) } } > mem2 } C source code: const UINT8 un8_Offset_1 __attribute__((section("BASE_TABLE"))) = 0x1A; const UINT8 un8_Offset_2 __attribute__((section("BASE_TABLE"))) = 0x2A; const UINT8 un8_Offset_3 __attribute__((section("BASE_TABLE"))) = 0x3A; const UINT8 un8_Offset_4 __attribute__((section("BASE_TABLE"))) = 0x4A; const UINT8 un8_Offset_5 __attribute__((section("BASE_TABLE"))) = 0x5A; const UINT8 un8_Offset_6 __attribute__((section("SEG_HEADER"))) = 0x6A; My intention is to place the variables of section "BASE_TABLE" at the address defined i the linker script file and the remaining variables at the "SEG_HEADER" defined in the linker script file above. But after compilation when I look in to the .hex file the different section variables are located in different hex records, located at an address of 0x00, not the one given in linker script file . Please help me in linking the linker script file to source code. Are there any command line options to link the linker script file, if any plese provide me with the info how to use the options. Thanks in advance, SureshDN.

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• Most efficient way to check for DBNull and then assign to a variable?

  - by ilitirit

  This question comes up occasionally but I haven't seen a satisfactory answer. A typical pattern is (row is a DataRow): if (row["value"] != DBNull.Value) { someObject.Member = row["value"]; } My first question is which is more efficient (I've flipped the condition): row["value"] == DBNull.Value; // Or row["value"] is DBNull; // Or row["value"].GetType() == typeof(DBNull) // Or... any suggestions? This indicates that .GetType() should be faster, but maybe the compiler knows a few tricks I don't? Second question, is it worth caching the value of row["value"] or does the compiler optimize the indexer away anyway? eg. object valueHolder; if (DBNull.Value == (valueHolder = row["value"])) {} Disclaimers: row["value"] exists. I don't know the column index of the column (hence the column name lookup) I'm asking specifically about checking for DBNull and then assignment (not about premature optimization etc). Edit: I benchmarked a few scenarios (time in seconds, 10000000 trials): row["value"] == DBNull.Value: 00:00:01.5478995 row["value"] is DBNull: 00:00:01.6306578 row["value"].GetType() == typeof(DBNull): 00:00:02.0138757 Object.ReferenceEquals has the same performance as "==" The most interesting result? If you mismatch the name of the column by case (eg. "Value" instead of "value", it takes roughly ten times longer (for a string): row["Value"] == DBNull.Value: 00:00:12.2792374 The moral of the story seems to be that if you can't look up a column by it's index, then ensure that the column name you feed to the indexer matches the DataColumn's name exactly. Caching the value also appears to be nearly twice as fast: No Caching: 00:00:03.0996622 With Caching: 00:00:01.5659920 So the most efficient method seems to be: object temp; string variable; if (DBNull.Value != (temp = row["value"]) { variable = temp.ToString(); } This was a good learning experience.

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• GCC - How to realign stack?

  - by psihodelia

  I try to build an application which uses pthreads and __m128 SSE type. According to GCC manual, default stack alignment is 16 bytes. In order to use __m128, the requirement is the 16-byte alignment. My target CPU supports SSE. I use a GCC compiler which doesn't support runtime stack realignment (e.g. -mstackrealign). I cannot use any other GCC compiler version. My test application looks like: #include <xmmintrin.h> #include <pthread.h> void *f(void *x){ __m128 y; ... } int main(void){ pthread_t p; pthread_create(&p, NULL, f, NULL); } The application generates an exception and exits. After a simple debugging (printf "%p", &y), I found that the variable y is not 16-byte aligned. My question is: how can I realign the stack properly (16-byte) without using any GCC flags and attributes (they don't help)? Should I use GCC inline Assembler within this thread function f()?

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• strange syntax error in python, version 2.6 and 3.1

  - by flow

  this may not be an earth-shattering deficiency of python, but i still wonder about the rationale behind the following behavior: when i run source = """ print( 'helo' ) if __name__ == '__main__': print( 'yeah!' ) #""" print( compile( source, '<whatever>', 'exec' ) ) i get :: File "<whatever>", line 6 # ^ SyntaxError: invalid syntax i can avoid this exception by (1) deleting the trailing #; (2) deleting or outcommenting the if __name__ == '__main__':\n print( 'yeah!' ) lines; (3) add a newline to very end of the source. moreover, if i have the source end without a trailing newline right behind the print( 'yeah!' ), the source will also compile without error. i could also reproduce this behavior with python 2.6, so it’s not new to the 3k series. i find this error to be highly irritating, all the more since when i put above source inside a file and execute it directly or have it imported, no error will occur—which is the expected behavior. a # (hash) outside a string literal should always represent the start of a (possibly empty) comment in a python source; moreover, the presence or absence of a if __name__ == '__main__' clause should not change the interpretation of a soure on a syntactical level. can anyone reproduce the above problem, and/or comment on the phenomenon? cheers

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• How to tell endianness from this output?

  - by Nick Rosencrantz

  I'm running this example program and I'm suppossed to be able to tell from the output what machine type it is. I'm certain it's from inspecting one or two values but how should I perform this inspection? /* pointers.c - Test pointers * Written 2012 by F Lundevall * Copyright abandoned. This file is in the public domain. * * To make this program work on as many systems as possible, * addresses are converted to unsigned long when printed. * The 'l' in formatting-codes %ld and %lx means a long operand. */ #include <stdio.h> #include <stdlib.h> int * ip; /* Declare a pointer to int, a.k.a. int pointer. */ char * cp; /* Pointer to char, a.k.a. char pointer. */ /* Declare fp as a pointer to function, where that function * has one parameter of type int and returns an int. * Use cdecl to get the syntax right, http://cdecl.org/ */ int ( *fp )( int ); int val1 = 111111; int val2 = 222222; int ia[ 17 ]; /* Declare an array of 17 ints, numbered 0 through 16. */ char ca[ 17 ]; /* Declare an array of 17 chars. */ int fun( int parm ) { printf( "Function fun called with parameter %d\n", parm ); return( parm + 1 ); } /* Main function. */ int main() { printf( "Message PT.01 from pointers.c: Hello, pointy World!\n" ); /* Do some assignments. */ ip = &val1; cp = &val2; /* The compiler should warn you about this. */ fp = fun; ia[ 0 ] = 11; /* First element. */ ia[ 1 ] = 17; ia[ 2 ] = 3; ia[ 16 ] = 58; /* Last element. */ ca[ 0 ] = 11; /* First element. */ ca[ 1 ] = 17; ca[ 2 ] = 3; ca[ 16 ] = 58; /* Last element. */ printf( "PT.02: val1: stored at %lx (hex); value is %d (dec), %x (hex)\n", (long) &val1, val1, val1 ); printf( "PT.03: val2: stored at %lx (hex); value is %d (dec), %x (hex)\n", (long) &val2, val2, val2 ); printf( "PT.04: ip: stored at %lx (hex); value is %ld (dec), %lx (hex)\n", (long) &ip, (long) ip, (long) ip ); printf( "PT.05: Dereference pointer ip and we find: %d \n", *ip ); printf( "PT.06: cp: stored at %lx (hex); value is %ld (dec), %lx (hex)\n", (long) &cp, (long) cp, (long) cp ); printf( "PT.07: Dereference pointer cp and we find: %d \n", *cp ); *ip = 1234; printf( "\nPT.08: Executed *ip = 1234; \n" ); printf( "PT.09: val1: stored at %lx (hex); value is %d (dec), %x (hex)\n", (long) &val1, val1, val1 ); printf( "PT.10: ip: stored at %lx (hex); value is %ld (dec), %lx (hex)\n", (long) &ip, (long) ip, (long) ip ); printf( "PT.11: Dereference pointer ip and we find: %d \n", *ip ); printf( "PT.12: val1: stored at %lx (hex); value is %d (dec), %x (hex)\n", (long) &val1, val1, val1 ); *cp = 1234; /* The compiler should warn you about this. */ printf( "\nPT.13: Executed *cp = 1234; \n" ); printf( "PT.14: val2: stored at %lx (hex); value is %d (dec), %x (hex)\n", (long) &val2, val2, val2 ); printf( "PT.15: cp: stored at %lx (hex); value is %ld (dec), %lx (hex)\n", (long) &cp, (long) cp, (long) cp ); printf( "PT.16: Dereference pointer cp and we find: %d \n", *cp ); printf( "PT.17: val2: stored at %lx (hex); value is %d (dec), %x (hex)\n", (long) &val2, val2, val2 ); ip = ia; printf( "\nPT.18: Executed ip = ia; \n" ); printf( "PT.19: ia[0]: stored at %lx (hex); value is %d (dec), %x (hex)\n", (long) &ia[0], ia[0], ia[0] ); printf( "PT.20: ia[1]: stored at %lx (hex); value is %d (dec), %x (hex)\n", (long) &ia[1], ia[1], ia[1] ); printf( "PT.21: ip: stored at %lx (hex); value is %ld (dec), %lx (hex)\n", (long) &ip, (long) ip, (long) ip ); printf( "PT.22: Dereference pointer ip and we find: %d \n", *ip ); ip = ip + 1; /* add 1 to pointer */ printf( "\nPT.23: Executed ip = ip + 1; \n" ); printf( "PT.24: ip: stored at %lx (hex); value is %ld (dec), %lx (hex)\n", (long) &ip, (long) ip, (long) ip ); printf( "PT.25: Dereference pointer ip and we find: %d \n", *ip ); cp = ca; printf( "\nPT.26: Executed cp = ca; \n" ); printf( "PT.27: ca[0]: stored at %lx (hex); value is %d (dec), %x (hex)\n", (long) &ca[0], ca[0], ca[0] ); printf( "PT.28: ca[1]: stored at %lx (hex); value is %d (dec), %x (hex)\n", (long) &ca[1], ca[1], ca[1] ); printf( "PT.29: cp: stored at %lx (hex); value is %ld (dec), %lx (hex)\n", (long) &cp, (long) cp, (long) cp ); printf( "PT.30: Dereference pointer cp and we find: %d \n", *cp ); cp = cp + 1; /* add 1 to pointer */ printf( "\nPT.31: Executed cp = cp + 1; \n" ); printf( "PT.32: cp: stored at %lx (hex); value is %ld (dec), %lx (hex)\n", (long) &cp, (long) cp, (long) cp ); printf( "PT.33: Dereference pointer cp and we find: %d \n", *cp ); ip = ca; /* The compiler should warn you about this. */ printf( "\nPT.34: Executed ip = ca; \n" ); printf( "PT.35: ca[0]: stored at %lx (hex); value is %d (dec), %x (hex)\n", (long) &ca[0], ca[0], ca[0] ); printf( "PT.36: ca[1]: stored at %lx (hex); value is %d (dec), %x (hex)\n", (long) &ca[1], ca[1], ca[1] ); printf( "PT.37: ip: stored at %lx (hex); value is %ld (dec), %lx (hex)\n", (long) &ip, (long) ip, (long) ip ); printf( "PT.38: Dereference pointer ip and we find: %d \n", *ip ); cp = ia; /* The compiler should warn you about this. */ printf( "\nPT.39: Executed cp = ia; \n" ); printf( "PT.40: cp: stored at %lx (hex); value is %ld (dec), %lx (hex)\n", (long) &cp, (long) cp, (long) cp ); printf( "PT.41: Dereference pointer cp and we find: %d \n", *cp ); printf( "\nPT.42: fp: stored at %lx (hex); value is %ld (dec), %lx (hex)\n", (long) &fp, (long) fp, (long) fp ); printf( "PT.43: Dereference fp and see what happens.\n" ); val1 = (*fp)(42); printf( "PT.44: Executed val1 = (*fp)(42); \n" ); printf( "PT.45: val1: stored at %lx (hex); value is %d (dec), %x (hex)\n", (long) &val1, val1, val1 ); return( 0 ); } Output Message PT.01 from pointers.c: Hello, pointy World! PT.02: val1: stored at 21e50 (hex); value is 111111 (dec), 1b207 (hex) PT.03: val2: stored at 21e54 (hex); value is 222222 (dec), 3640e (hex) PT.04: ip: stored at 21eb8 (hex); value is 138832 (dec), 21e50 (hex) PT.05: Dereference pointer ip and we find: 111111 PT.06: cp: stored at 21e6c (hex); value is 138836 (dec), 21e54 (hex) PT.07: Dereference pointer cp and we find: 0 PT.08: Executed *ip = 1234; PT.09: val1: stored at 21e50 (hex); value is 1234 (dec), 4d2 (hex) PT.10: ip: stored at 21eb8 (hex); value is 138832 (dec), 21e50 (hex) PT.11: Dereference pointer ip and we find: 1234 PT.12: val1: stored at 21e50 (hex); value is 1234 (dec), 4d2 (hex) PT.13: Executed *cp = 1234; PT.14: val2: stored at 21e54 (hex); value is -771529714 (dec), d203640e (hex) PT.15: cp: stored at 21e6c (hex); value is 138836 (dec), 21e54 (hex) PT.16: Dereference pointer cp and we find: -46 PT.17: val2: stored at 21e54 (hex); value is -771529714 (dec), d203640e (hex) PT.18: Executed ip = ia; PT.19: ia[0]: stored at 21e74 (hex); value is 11 (dec), b (hex) PT.20: ia[1]: stored at 21e78 (hex); value is 17 (dec), 11 (hex) PT.21: ip: stored at 21eb8 (hex); value is 138868 (dec), 21e74 (hex) PT.22: Dereference pointer ip and we find: 11 PT.23: Executed ip = ip + 1; PT.24: ip: stored at 21eb8 (hex); value is 138872 (dec), 21e78 (hex) PT.25: Dereference pointer ip and we find: 17 PT.26: Executed cp = ca; PT.27: ca[0]: stored at 21e58 (hex); value is 11 (dec), b (hex) PT.28: ca[1]: stored at 21e59 (hex); value is 17 (dec), 11 (hex) PT.29: cp: stored at 21e6c (hex); value is 138840 (dec), 21e58 (hex) PT.30: Dereference pointer cp and we find: 11 PT.31: Executed cp = cp + 1; PT.32: cp: stored at 21e6c (hex); value is 138841 (dec), 21e59 (hex) PT.33: Dereference pointer cp and we find: 17 PT.34: Executed ip = ca; PT.35: ca[0]: stored at 21e58 (hex); value is 11 (dec), b (hex) PT.36: ca[1]: stored at 21e59 (hex); value is 17 (dec), 11 (hex) PT.37: ip: stored at 21eb8 (hex); value is 138840 (dec), 21e58 (hex) PT.38: Dereference pointer ip and we find: 185664256 PT.39: Executed cp = ia; PT.40: cp: stored at 21e6c (hex); value is 138868 (dec), 21e74 (hex) PT.41: Dereference pointer cp and we find: 0 PT.42: fp: stored at 21e70 (hex); value is 69288 (dec), 10ea8 (hex) PT.43: Dereference fp and see what happens. Function fun called with parameter 42 PT.44: Executed val1 = (*fp)(42); PT.45: val1: stored at 21e50 (hex); value is 43 (dec), 2b (hex)

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• Squid handling of concurrent cache misses

  - by Oliver H-H

  We're using a Squid cache to off-load traffic from our web servers, ie. it's setup as a reverse-proxy responding to inbound requests before they hit our web servers. When we get blitzed with concurrent requests for the same request that's not in the cache, Squid proxies all the requests through to our web ("origin") servers. For us, this behavior isn't ideal: our origin servers gets bogged down trying to fulfill N identical requests concurrently. Instead, we'd like the first request to proxy through to the origin server, the rest of the requests to queue at the Squid layer, and then all be fulfilled by Squid when the origin server has responded to that first request. Does anyone know how to configure Squid to do this? We've read through the documentation multiple times and thoroughly web-searched the topic, but can't figure out how to do it. We use Akamai too and, interestingly, this is its default behavior. (However, Akamai has so many nodes that we still see lots of concurrent requests in certain traffic spike scenarios, even with Akamai's super-node feature enabled.) This behavior is clearly configurable for some other caches, eg. the Ehcache documentation offers the option "Concurrent Cache Misses: A cache miss will cause the filter chain, upstream of the caching filter to be processed. To avoid threads requesting the same key to do useless duplicate work, these threads block behind the first thread." Some folks call this behavior a "blocking cache," since the subsequent concurrent requests block behind the first request until it's fulfilled or timed-out. Thx for looking over my noob question! Oliver

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• My timer code is failing when IAR is configured to do max optimization

  - by Vishal

  Hi, I have used timer A in MSP430 with high compiler optimization, but found that my timer code is failing when high compiler optimization used. When none optimization is used code works fine. This code is used to achieve 1 ms timer tick. timeOutCNT is increamented in interrupt. Following is the code [Code] //Disable interrupt and clear CCR0 TIMER_A_TACTL = TIMER_A_TASSEL | // set the clock source as SMCLK TIMER_A_ID | // set the divider to 8 TACLR | // clear the timer MC_1; // continuous mode TIMER_A_TACTL &= ~TIMER_A_TAIE; // timer interrupt disabled TIMER_A_TACTL &= 0; // timer interrupt flag disabled CCTL0 = CCIE; // CCR0 interrupt enabled CCR0 = 500; TIMER_A_TACTL &= TIMER_A_TAIE; //enable timer interrupt TIMER_A_TACTL &= TIMER_A_TAIFG; //enable timer interrupt TACTL = TIMER_A_TASSEL + MC_1 + ID_3; // SMCLK, upmode timeOutCNT = 0; //timeOutCNT is increased in timer interrupt while(timeOutCNT <= 1); //delay of 1 milisecond TIMER_A_TACTL = TIMER_A_TASSEL | // set the clock source as SMCLK TIMER_A_ID | // set the divider to 8 TACLR | // clear the timer MC_1; // continuous mode TIMER_A_TACTL &= ~TIMER_A_TAIE; // timer interrupt disabled TIMER_A_TACTL &= 0x00; // timer interrupt flag disabled [/code] Can anybody help me here to resolve this issue? Is there any other way we can use timer A so it works fine in optimization modes? Or do I have used is wrongly to achieve 1 ms interrupt? Thanks in advanced. Vishal N

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