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  • Python - Things I shouldn't be doing?

    - by cornjuliox
    I've got a few questions about best practices in Python. Not too long ago I would do something like this with my code: ... junk_block = "".join(open("foo.txt","rb").read().split()) ... I don't do this anymore because I can see that it makes code harder to read, but would the code run slower if I split the statements up like so: f_obj = open("foo.txt", "rb") f_data = f_obj.read() f_data_list = f_data.split() junk_block = "".join(f_data_list) I also noticed that there's nothing keeping you from doing an 'import' within a function block, is there any reason why I should do that?

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  • Use eval to set unknown property in Python

    - by Mahi
    I have an User class, that has multiple properties inside it, and I also have addPoint method for User class, which allows user to input points into any of it's properties. However, there can be up to like 500 properties, everyone can have different ones, etc. So it would be a pain in the ass to code every property with "if: - elif:". Now this is what I tried to do, to make it much easier and cleaner: class User: def __init__(self): self.health = 0 self.speed = 0 def addPoint(self, property, amount): eval("self."+property) = eval("self."+property) + amount And now when I'd do fe. u = User() u.addPoint("health", 5) I would like it to do this: self.health = self.health + 5, and that's what I used the eval()s for. However, Python's just giving me error: can't assign to function call. I'm not trying to assign the eval() function call itself, I'm trying to assign the returned value from eval(), so how could I do this the easiest way?

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  • Representing geographical points/polygons in Python/Django

    - by Cornflake
    I'm building a website in Django, and I want one of my datatypes to be a geographical polygon. I want to mark points on a map (say, in Google Maps) and then store the resulting polygon in the database. Is there any way to do it that will save me the work of typing all the longitudes and latitudes manually? I guess I'm looking both for a geographical library for Python, and for a special website that will let me mark points on the map and save them in a standard format. Thanks!

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  • Include at text file as is in (Python) Sphinx Docs

    - by Gregg Lind
    (using Python-Sphinx Documentation tool) I have a .txt log file I'd like to build into _build/html unaltered. What do I need to alter in conf.py, index.rst, etc. Here is the layout: src/ index.rst some_doc.rst somefile.txt How do I get somefile.txt into the html build? I tried adding a line like this to index.rst: Contents: .. toctree:: :maxdepth: 2 some_doc "somefile.txt" hoping it would work by magic, but no magic here! Assuming this is even possible, what would I put in some_doc.rst to refer/link to that file? Note Yes, I'm aware I could put it in /static and just be done with it, but that seems like a total hack, and ugly.

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  • How to evaluate a custom math expression in Python

    - by taynaron
    I'm writing a custom dice rolling parser (snicker if you must) in python. Basically, I want to use standard math evaluation but add the 'd' operator: #xdy sum = 0 for each in range(x): sum += randInt(1, y) return sum So that, for example, 1d6+2d6+2d6-72+4d100 = (5)+(1+1)+(6+2)-72+(5+39+38+59) = 84 I was using regex to replace all 'd's with the sum and then using eval, but my regex fell apart when dealing with parentheses on either side. Is there a faster way to go about this than implementing my own recursive parsing? Perhaps adding an operator to eval?

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  • Python overriding class (not instance) special methods

    - by André
    How do I override a class special method? I want to be able to call the __str__() method of the class without creating an instance. Example: class Foo: def __str__(self): return 'Bar' class StaticFoo: @staticmethod def __str__(): return 'StaticBar' class ClassFoo: @classmethod def __str__(cls): return 'ClassBar' if __name__ == '__main__': print(Foo) print(Foo()) print(StaticFoo) print(StaticFoo()) print(ClassFoo) print(ClassFoo()) produces: <class '__main__.Foo'> Bar <class '__main__.StaticFoo'> StaticBar <class '__main__.ClassFoo'> ClassBar should be: Bar Bar StaticBar StaticBar ClassBar ClassBar Even if I use the @staticmethod or @classmethod the __str__ is still using the built in python definition for __str__. It's only working when it's Foo().__str__() instead of Foo.__str__().

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  • Python/Tkinter Audio Player

    - by Nicholas Quirk
    Hey everyone reading this, I've recently got into doing GUI development with Python. Tkinter seems like the easiest and most logical choice starting out. I did a little with wxPython but it was more sophisticated than what I needed. Anyway, I'm developing a media player. Right now it's a simple window with a button to load .wav files. The problem is I would like to implement a pause button now. But, when playing a audio file the GUI isn't accessible again (no buttons can be pushed) till the file is done playing. How can I make the GUI dynamic while an audio file is playing? I was thinking this maybe be because I'm using PyAudio, and their implementation doesn't allow this. Anyway, thanks for any advice before hand.

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  • Using Python tuples as vectors

    - by Etaoin
    I need to represent immutable vectors in Python ("vectors" as in linear algebra, not as in programming). The tuple seems like an obvious choice. The trouble is when I need to implement things like addition and scalar multiplication. If a and b are vectors, and c is a number, the best I can think of is this: tuple(map(lambda x,y: x + y, a, b)) # add vectors 'a' and 'b' tuple(map(lambda x: x * c, a)) # multiply vector 'a' by scalar 'c' which seems inelegant; there should be a clearer, simpler way to get this done -- not to mention avoiding the call to tuple, since map returns a list. Is there a better option?

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  • Installing a python wrapper for a c++ library

    - by Eugene Kogan
    Hi all, I am trying to install the python wrapper for the ANN (approx near neighbors) c++ library: link is http://www.scipy.org/scipy/scikits/wiki/AnnWrapper . I am on Windows 7 32-bit. Unfortunately the documentation is a bit terse and I am a newbie to programming in general, so I cannot decipher the instructions found within. I have not built a C++ library before and am not even sure how to get that far. Can anyone please guide? Thanks! gene

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  • How to retrieve value from etc/sysconfig in Python

    - by stanleyxu2005
    Hi All, I have a config file FOO in /etc/sysconfig/. This Linux file is very similar to INI-File, but without a section declaration. In order to retrieve a value from this file, I used to write a shell script like: source /etc/sysconfig/FOO echo $MY_VALUE Now I want to do the same thing in python. I tried to use ConfigParser, but ConfigParser does not accept such an INI-File similar format, unless it has a section declaration. Is there any way to retrieve value from such a file?

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  • Python Imaging: YCbCr problems

    - by daver
    Hi, I'm doing some image processing in Python using PIL, I need to extract the luminance layer from a series of images, and do some processing on that using numpy, then put the edited luminance layer back into the image and save it. The problem is, I can't seem to get any meaningful representation of my Image in a YCbCr format, or at least I don't understand what PIL is giving me in YCbCr. PIL documentation claims YCbCr format gives three channels, but when I grab the data out of the image using np.asarray, I get 4 channels. Ok, so I figure one must be alpha. Here is some code I'm using to test this process: import Image as im import numpy as np pengIm = im.open("Data\\Test\\Penguins.bmp") yIm = pengIm.convert("YCbCr") testIm = np.asarray(yIm) grey = testIm[:,:,0] grey = grey.astype('uint8') greyIm = im.fromarray(grey, "L") greyIm.save("Data\\Test\\grey.bmp") I'm expecting a greyscale version of my image, but what I get is this jumbled up mess: http://i.imgur.com/zlhIh.png Can anybody explain to me where I'm going wrong? The same code in matlab works exactly as I expect.

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  • Looping an executable to get the result from Python script

    - by fx
    In my python script, I need to call within a for loop an executable, and waiting for that executable to write the result on the "output.xml". How do I manage to use wait() & how do I know when one of my executable is finished generating the result to get the result? How do I close that process and open a new one to call again the executable and wait for the new result? import subprocess args = ("bin/bar") popen = subprocess.Popen(args) I need to wait for the output from "bin/bar" to generate the "output.xml" and from there, read it's content. for index, result in enumerate(results): myModule.callSubProcess(index) #this is where the problem is. fileOutput = open("output.xml") parseAndStoreInSQLiteFileOutput(index, file)

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  • Upload and parse csv file with "universal newline" in python on Google App Engine

    - by greg
    Hi, I'm uploading a csv/tsv file from a form in GAE, and I try to parse the file with python csv module. Like describe here, uploaded files in GAE are strings. So I treat my uploaded string a file-like object : file = self.request.get('catalog') catalog = csv.reader(StringIO.StringIO(file),dialect=csv.excel_tab) But new lines in my files are not necessarily '\n' (thanks to excel..), and it generated an error : Error: new-line character seen in unquoted field - do you need to open the file in universal-newline mode? Does anyone know how to use StringIO.StringIO to treat strings like files open in universal-newline?

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  • Python threads all executing on a single core

    - by Rob Lourens
    I have a Python program that spawns many threads, runs 4 at a time, and each performs an expensive operation. Pseudocode: for object in list: t = Thread(target=process, args=(object)) # if fewer than 4 threads are currently running, t.start(). Otherwise, add t to queue But when the program is run, Activity Monitor in OS X shows that 1 of the 4 logical cores is at 100% and the others are at nearly 0. Obviously I can't force the OS to do anything but I've never had to pay attention to performance in multi-threaded code like this before so I was wondering if I'm just missing or misunderstanding something. Thanks.

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  • Python Beginner: Selective Printing in loops

    - by Jonathan Straus
    Hi there. I'm a very new python user (had only a little prior experience with html/javascript as far as programming goes), and was trying to find some ways to output only intermittent numbers in my loop for a basic bicycle racing simulation (10,000 lines of biker positions would be pretty excessive :P). I tried in this loop several 'reasonable' ways to communicate a condition where a floating point number equals its integer floor (int, floor division) to print out every 100 iterations or so: for i in range (0,10000): i = i + 1 t = t + t_step #t is initialized at 0 while t_step is set at .01 acceleration_rider1 = (power_rider1 / (70 * velocity_rider1)) - (force_drag1 / 70) velocity_rider1 = velocity_rider1 + (acceleration_rider1 * t_step) position_rider1 = position_rider1 + (velocity_rider1 * t_step) force_drag1 = area_rider1 * (velocity_rider1 ** 2) acceleration_rider2 = (power_rider2 / (70 * velocity_rider1)) - (force_drag2 / 70) velocity_rider2 = velocity_rider2 + (acceleration_rider2 * t_step) position_rider2 = position_rider2 + (velocity_rider2 * t_step) force_drag2 = area_rider1 * (velocity_rider2 ** 2) if t == int(t): #TRIED t == t // 1 AND OTHER VARIANTS THAT DON'T WORK HERE:( print t, "biker 1", position_rider1, "m", "\t", "biker 2", position_rider2, "m"

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  • Load JSON in Python as header character set

    - by mridang
    Hi everyone, I've always found character sets and encodings complicated to understand and here I'm faced with another problem. My apologies for any inaccuracies. I'll do my best. I'm requesting data from a server which returns JSON. In the HTTP headers it also returns the character set like so: Content-Type: text/html; charset=UTF-8 I'm using the JSON library in Python to load the JSON using the json.loads method. When I pass it the returned JSON, it gives me a dictionary in Unicode. I've Googled around and I know that JSON should return Unicode as JavaScript strings are Unicode objects. How can I load the JSON as UTF-8? I would like to use the same encoding as specified in the response header. I've read this post but it didn't help. Thank you.

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  • Binary search of unaccesible data field in ldap from python

    - by EricR
    I'm interested in reproducing a particular python script. I have a friend who was accessing an ldap database, without authentication. There was a particular field of interest, we'll call it nin (an integer) for reference, and this field wasn't accessible without proper authentication. However, my friend managed to access this field through some sort of binary search (rather than just looping through integers) on the data; he would check the first digit, check if it was greater or less than the starting value, he would augment that until it returned a true value indicating existence, adding digits and continuing checking until he found the exact value of the integer nin. Any ideas on how he went about this? I've access to a similarly set up database.

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  • Play Shoutcast MP3 radio stream with Python?

    - by Zachary Brown
    I have managed to create an online radio station using Shoutcast and Sam Broadcaster. Now, I am wanting to build my own player for that radio station. I am not sure where to begin, I have googled, but no luck. I am using Python 2.6 on Microsoft Windows. I have managed to capture the stream and save it as an MP# on the hard disk, just not sure what to do with it next. I tried playback of the file, but it always pulls up errors. This is the code I have so far: import urllib target = open("broadcast.mp3") conn = urllib.urlopen("http://78.159.104.175:80") while True: target.write(con.read(5200)) Any help would be greatly appreciated!

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  • Python: avoiding fraction simplification

    - by Anthony Labarre
    Hi all, I'm working on a music app' in Python and would like to use the fractions module to handle time signatures amongst other things. My problem is that fractions get simplified, i.e.: >>> from fractions import Fraction >>> x = Fraction(4, 4) >>> x Fraction(1, 1) However, it is important from a musical point of view that 4/4 stays 4/4 even though it equals 1. Is there any built-in way to avoid that behaviour? Thanks!

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  • Reading a triangle of numbers into a 2d array of ints in Python

    - by Gabriel Silk
    I want to read a triangle of integer values from a file into a 2D array of ints using Python. The numbers would look like this: 75 95 64 17 47 82 18 35 87 10 20 04 82 47 65 ... The code I have so far is as follows: f = open('problem18.input', 'r') arr = [] for i in range(0, 15): arr.append([]) str = f.readline() a = str.split(' ') for tok in a: arr[i].append(int(tok[:2])) print arr I have a feeling this could be done in a tighter, more Pythonesque way. How would you do it?

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  • Python: Trying to get index of an intersection

    - by user1620716
    I have the following line of code: for i in [i for i,x in enumerate(catdate) if x == set(NNSRCfile['datetimenew']).intersection(catdate)]: print i I am trying to find the index of the intersection for the two components above. Both are lengthy lists that have several commonalities. The intersection part works perfectly; however, the for loop seems to output nothing. (ie: there is nothing that is printed). Python outputs no error, and when I run the code in IPython, I notice that i is equivalent to to the very last element in the list "catdate", instead of listing the indices of "catdate" that are equivalent to the intersection values. Any help is greatly appreciated!

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  • Python: Dynamic attribute name generation without exec() or eval()

    - by PyNewbie27
    Hi, I'm trying to dynamically create buttons at runtime with PyQT4.7 However, this being my first python program I'm not sure how to get the functionality I want. I would like to be able to substitute a text string for an attribute name: i.e. for each in xrange(4): myname = "tab1_button%s" % each #tab1_button0, tab1_button1, tab1_button2 #self.ui.tab1_button0 = QtGui.QPushButton(self.ui.tab) <--normal code to create a named button setattr(self.ui,myname,QtGui.QPushButton(self.ui.tab)) #rewrite of line above to dynamicly generate a button #here's where I get stuck. this code isn't valid, but it shows what i want to do self.ui.gridLayout.addWidget(self.ui.%s) % myname #I need to have %s be tab1_button1, tab1_button2, etc. I know the % is for string substituion but how can I substitute the dynamically generated attribute name into that statement? I assume there's a basica language construct I'm missing that allows this. Since it's my first program, please take it easy on me ;)

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  • Python code that needs some overview

    - by fabio
    Hi guys, im currently learning python (in the very begining), so I still have some doubts about good code manners and how should I proceed with it. Today I created this code that should random trought 01 to 60 (but is running from 01 to 69) import random dez = ['0', '1', '2', '3', '4', '5', '6'] uni = ['0', '1', '2', '3', '4', '5', '6', '7', '8', '9'] sort = [] while len(sort) <= 5: random.shuffle(dez) random.shuffle(uni) w = random.choice(dez) z = random.choice(uni) chosen = str(w) + str(z) if chosen != "00" and chosen not in sort: sort.append(chosen) print chosen I'm also in doubt how to make the code stop at "60".

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  • A Python IDE with Debugging and iPython Integration?

    - by skibum1981
    Does anyone know of a python IDE that has iPython as the interpreter? Using the standard interpreter just drives me nuts, as I've just grown to love using iPython and all the features it provides. To be honest, I'd rather code with a simple text editor + ipython than an IDE, but I love being able to set breakpoints with a click of a mouse, etc., so I'd like to combine both. Sorry if there's something out there and this is common knowledge. Any information/tips you can provide is GREATLY appreciated. Thanks!

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  • Problem about python import with error

    - by xiao
    Hello, I have write a small python module with one class and two functions. The skeleton of the module is as following: #file name: test_module.py class TestClass: @classmethod def method1(cls, param1): #to do something pass def __init__(self, param1): #to do something ... def fun1(*params): #to do something ... def fun2(*params): #to do something ... Another py file is a small script which imports function and class from the module, as following: import sys from test_module import TestClass, fun1, fun2 def main(sys_argv): li = range(5) inst1 = TestClass(li) fun1(inst1) fun2(inst1) return if __name__ == "__main__": main(sys.argv) But when I execute the script, it is broken with following message: ./script.py: line 4: syntax error near unexpected token `(' ./script.py: line 4: `def main(sys_argv):' I am not sure what the problem is. Is it a problem with import? But when I try to import the module in ipython, everything is just ok.

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