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• How can I format an SD card with a more robust Linux-usable filesystem with a specific cluster size for better write performace?

  - by Harvey

  Goal: microSD card formatted... for best write performance for use only with embedded Linux for better reliability (random power failures may occur) using an 64kB cluster size I'm using an 8GB microSD card for data storage inside an embedded Linux/ARM device. The SD card is not removable. I've been using ext3 instead of the pre-installed FAT32 because it seems to better handle random power failures during writes. However, I kept noticing that my write performance is always best with the pre-installed FAT32 from Kingston. If I reformat the card with FAT32, the performance still suffers. After browsing wikipedia, I stumbled upon the following comment saying that some cards are optimized for specific cluster sizes. In my case, the Kingston comes pre-formatted for an 64kB cluster size. Risks of reformatting Reformatting an SD card with a different file system, or even with the same one, may make the card slower, or shorten its lifespan. Some cards use wear leveling, in which frequently modified blocks are mapped to different portions of memory at different times, and some wear-leveling algorithms are designed for the access patterns typical of the file allocation table on a FAT16 or FAT32 device.[60] In addition, the preformatted file system may use a cluster size that matches the erase region of the physical memory on the card; reformatting may change the cluster size and make writes less efficient.

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• High latency due to non-presence of a transit provider in my country

  - by nixnotwin

  My ISP, a state owned incumbent, buys bandwidth from different transit providers. Whenever it buys transits it announces only a specific prefix (in most cases a hitherto unused) through the new transit AS. For e.g. if it runs out of bandwidth, it buys bandwidth from a new transit and announces a new prefix through it, while the same prefix is not announced (or announced with lowest metrics, so that the routes are very rarely used) via the old transits which continue to provide bandwidth to it. I am a business customer, so I have a fiber based link to the ISP and a tiny subnet is given to me. The subnet which is provide to me is part of a prefix which is announced by the AS of a transit who, it seems, do not have a presence in my country. So when I do a trace the packets, when they leave my ISP's AS, they take about 275ms to reach the transit providers core router, which is located in USA (half the world away). Also for upstream traffic my ISP uses a transit provider (tier 1) who has a presence in my country. But the return path is always through the transit which is in USA. So, average latency is 400ms. All the users of other ISPs in my country discover my subnet via USA. Even the traffic from neighboring countries, from Europe (which is much nearer) follows the path via USA. Sites using CDNs also resolve to ips in USA. I have informed the ISP NOC about the issue and I have asked them to provide an ip subnet belonging to a prefix announced by a local transit (preferably a tier 1 transit provider) and I am waiting for a reply. My question: Is it a serious issue that I must follow up to get it resolved? When I compared the latency on other providers in my country, it is, in most cases, less than half of my ISPs latency. Why my ISP doesn't announce all its prefixes to all of its transit providers, so that the packets can take efficient and nearest routes to reach prefixes that originate within its network?

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• Broad Band LAN connection through existing 6 wire phone line ( no phone connected )

  - by Paul Taylor

  I have an (up to but never achieved ) 10 mb broadband signal coming into my house along the telephone line. The modem then connects the broadband signal via a LAN connection and Wi-Fi signal to my computers and iPad. My workshop desk is 54 yards (approx. 50m) downhill from the modem (part of a separate building) – too far to give a good direct signal. The inside corner of the workshop (by a window) receives a weak signal. I have a disconnected telephone cable consisting of 6 wires going from the house to the workshop. The telephone is no longer used in the workshop - we use our mobile number for business calls. A broad band signal using the cable would not have to share with a phone. What would be the most economic price/efficient way to get the broadband signal to the workshop? I am writing in hope that since the telephone didn't need the six wires, an Ethernet connection might be similar and not need all the eight wires for a LAN connection. In theory could use the telephone wire to pull an Ethernet cable trough the underground pipe but I doubt if the cable would survive the strain. The broad band connection in the workshop does not have to have network facility. My skill level is high enough to do house wiring, plumbing and gas fitting; so given any sound advice and a wiring diagram or instructions I can probably work out the rest myself.

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• Backup solution to backup terabytes and lots of static files on linux server?

  - by user28679

  Which backup tool or solution would you use to backup terabytes and lots of files on a production linux server ? Note that the files are all different and almost never modified, and usage is mostly adding files, so data volume is today 3TB growing all the time at around +15GB/day. Please do not reply rsync. Basic unix tools are not enough, rsync does not keep history, rdiff-backup miserably fails from time to time and screw the history. Moreover these are all file based backup, which put a lot of IOwait just to browse directories and query stat(). But i guess, except R1Soft CDP, there is no way around that. We tried R1Soft CDP backup, which is block level backup, and it proved good and efficient for all our other servers, but systematically fails on the server with 3 terabytes and gazillions of files. That is already more than 2 months that the engineers of R1Soft and datacenter are playing a hot ball game... and still no backup except regular rsync We never tried big commercial solutions, except R1Soft CDP since it was provided as an optional service by the datacented hosting our servers.

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• How to avoid index.php in Zend Framework route using Nginx rewrite

  - by Adam Benayoun

  I am trying to get rid of index.php from the default Zend Framework route. I think it should be corrected at the server level and not on the application. (Correct me if I am wrong, but I think doing it on the server side is more efficient). I run Nginx 0.7.1 and php-fpm 5.3.3 This is my nginx configuration server { listen *:80; server_name domain; root /path/to/http; index index.php; client_max_body_size 30m; location / { try_files $uri $uri/ /index.php?$args; } location /min { try_files $uri $uri/ /min/index.php?q=; } location /blog { try_files $uri $uri/ /blog/index.php; } location /apc { try_files $uri $uri/ /apc.php$args; } location ~ \.php { include /usr/local/etc/nginx/conf.d/params/fastcgi_params_local; fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME $document_root$fastcgi_script_name; fastcgi_param PATH_INFO $fastcgi_script_name; fastcgi_param SERVER_NAME $http_host; fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000; } location ~* ^.+\.(ht|svn)$ { deny all; } # Static files location location ~* ^.+\.(jpg|jpeg|gif|png|ico|css|zip|tgz|gz|rar|bz2|doc|xls|exe|pdf|ppt|txt|tar|mid|midi|wav|bmp|rtf|js)$ { expires max; } } Basically www.domain.com/index.php/path/to/url and www.domain.com/path/to/url serves the same content. I'd like to fix this using nginx rewrite. Any help will be appreciated.

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• Important hardware components to avoid bottlenecks/improve speed on a laptop?

  - by joelhaus

  Looking for a powerful general use (including web development) laptop running Windows. Price points seem to be all over the place. Many less powerful machines are priced much higher than machines with better specs. How does one navigate this market? Are there any unpublished/under-publicized specs/bottlenecks you look for? Understanding that hardware improves over time, is there an efficient ratio that can be used (or something similar, like Windows Experience Index?) which will indicate how powerful a system is? Thanks in advance! P.S. Here is an example from a laptop released on September 17, 2010. Can anyone pick apart these specs? Is there missing information you would be looking for? OS: Win 7 Display: 16.4" LED backlit Processor: Intel Core i7-740QM, 6MB L3 Cache RAM: 6GB DDR3 1333MHz (8GB max.) Graphics: NVIDIA GeForce GT 425M (1 GB of dedicated DDR3) HDD: 500GB 7200RPM SATA Hard Drive Removable Disc: Blue-ray with DVD±R/RW Misc: webcam/mic/speakers/bluetooth (via Sony Vaio VPC-F137FX/B)

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• How to access previous VHD versions of system backup?

  - by feklee

  Quote from the 31 Oct 2009 TechNet article "Learn more about system image backup": During the first backup, the backup engine scans the source drive and copies only blocks that contain data into a .vhd file stored on the target, creating a compact view of the source drive. The next time a system image is created, only new and changed data is written to the .vhd file, and old data on the same block is moved out of the VHD and into the shadow copy storage area. Volume Shadow Copy Service is used to compute the changed data between backups, as well as to handle the process of moving the old data out to the shadow copy area on the target. This approach makes the backup fast (since only changed blocks are backed up) and efficient (since data is stored in a compact manner). When restoring the image, blocks will be restored to their original locations on the source disk. If you want to restore from an older backup, the engine reads from the shadow copy area and restores the appropriate blocks. For the last days, a daily system backup of drive C: to drive E: has been scheduled and run by Windows 7 Backup and Restore. Drive C: currently holds 233 GB of data, which fits comfortably on drive E:, a 1 TB drive, with 727 GB of free space remaining. How do I access the previous version of a VHD? I right clicked on files and folders in E:\WindowsImageBackup, and I looked for Previous Versions but always: There are no previous versions available

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• Touchpad does not respond when I am holding key on the keyboard

  - by Tadeck

  I am experiencing strange problem with using my touchpad and keyboard simultaneously under Windows 7. I have HP tx2550ew (convertible tablet), and when I hold some key under Windows 7 (eg. space, a, s etc.), the touchpad seems to be blocking. I spotted this while playing Counter Strike. I am not playing much games, and I haven't been playing CS since January, so I am not sure when it started behaving like that. I have tested it also outside the game - when I hold space (eg. when on some web page and entering text into input field) or some letter key, the cursor is not able to move. The problem seems to not be occuring when I hold Shift, Ctrl nor Alt. Did any of you experience similar problem? Do you know what may have caused this? Is there any way I could check what is wrong with my laptop? I have been looking for a solution, but it seems I haven't been looking in right places. This is why I ask question here. Ps. I am unable to test whether this is touchpad-specific, because I have no mouse at my disposal at the moment (got used to touchpad so much I even find it more efficient and haven't been using a mouse with my laptop for months).

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• Patch management on multiple systems

  - by Pierre

  I'm in charge of auditing the security configuration of an important farm of Unix servers. So far, I came up with a way to assess the basic configuration but not the installed updates. The very problem here is that I just can't trust the package management tools on those machine. Indeed some of them did not sync with the repository for a long time (So I can't do a "yum check-updates" on Redhat for example). Some of those servers are not even connected to the internet and use an company repository. Another problem is that I have multiple target systems: AIX, Debian, Centos/Redhat, etc... So the version could be different (AIX) and the tools available will be different. And, last but not least, I can't install anything on the target system. So I need to use a script to retrieve the information and either: process it directly or save the information to be able to process it later on a server (Which may happen to run a different distribution than the one on which the information have been retrieved). The best ideas I could come up with were: either retrieve the list of installed packages on the machine (dpkg -l for example on debian) and process it on a dedicated server (Directly parsing the "Packages" file of debian repositories). Still, the problem remains the same for AIX and Redhat... or use Nessus' scripts to assess vulnerability on the installed packages, but I find this a bit dirty. Does anyone know any better/efficient way of doing this ? P.S: I already took time to review some answers to similar problems. Unfortunately Chef, puppet, ... don't meet the requirements I have to meet. Edit: Long story short. I need to have the list of missing updates on a Unix system just like MBSA on Windows. I'm not authorized to install anything on this system as it's not mine. All I have are scripts languages. Thanks.

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• Large, high performance object or key/value store for HTTP serving on Linux

  - by Tommy

  I have a service that serves images to end users at a very high rate using plain HTTP. The images vary between 4 and 64kbytes, and there are 1.300.000.000 of them in total. The dataset is about 30TiB in size and changes (new objects, updates, deletes) make out less than 1% of the requests. The number of requests pr. second vary from 240 to 9000 and is dispersed pretty much all over, with few objects being especially "hot". As of now, these images are files on a ext3 filesystem distributed read only across a large amount of mid range servers. This poses several problems: Using a fileysystem is very inefficient since the metadata size is large, the inode/dentry cache is volatile on linux and some daemons tend to stat()/readdir() it's way through the directory structure, which in my case becomes very expensive. Updating the dataset is very time consuming and requires remounting between set A and B. The only reasonable handling is operating on the block device for backup, copying, etc. What I would like is a deamon that: speaks HTTP (get, put, delete and perhaps update) stores data it in an efficient structure. The index should remain in memory, and considering the amount of objects, the overhead must be small. The software should be able to handle massive connections with slow (if any) time needed to ramp up. Index should be read in memory at startup. Statistics would be nice, but not mandatory. I have experimented a bit with riak, redis, mongodb, kyoto and varnish with persistent storage, but I haven't had the chance to dig in really deep yet.

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• How do you backup your own files? [on hold]

  - by Antonis Christofides

  I'm a system administrator and I use rsnapshot to backup some servers, duplicity for some others. Both work fine, each one with advantages and disadvantages. Despite that, I am at a loss on how to backup my own private files. I'd use duplicity to automatically backup my files to a remote server; but the problem is that once in a while I must do a full backup. My emails and important files are 9G, and I expect this to increase. Uploading through aDSL at 1Mbit would be 20 hours. Too much. rsnapshot doesn't require periodic full backups (only the first time), but it must be running on the remote server and have a means to connect to my computer; if the server is compromised (or simply if the NSA decides to use it), my own machine is also compromised. Not good. The only solution I've come up with is use encfs, use unison to synchronize the files to a remote server, and use duplicity or rsnapshot on the remote server to backup these files. In that case, the question is whether I can sync the files on many computers; is it possible for encfs to be used with the same key on many computers? I also think that if I append one character to the unencrypted file, its encrypted encfs counterpart might change a lot, so that incrementals with duplicity would be less efficient—but not a big deal. Maybe also, when I need to restore a file, finding the correct file to restore could be a pain, because of filename encryption. I wonder whether there is any other possibility that I've overlooked. Maybe I'm asking too much for my personal use, and I should settle with an external disk?

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• logrotate: neither rotate nor compress empty files

  - by Andrew Tobey

  i have just set up an (r)syslog server to receive the logs of various clients, which works fine. only logrotate is still not behaving as intending. i want logrotate to create a new logfile for each day, but only to keep and store i.e. compress non-empty files. my logrotate config looks currently like this # sample configuration for logrotate being a remote server for multiple clients /var/log/syslog { rotate 3 daily missingok notifempty delaycompress compress dateext nomail postrotate reload rsyslog >/dev/null 2>&1 || true endscript } # local i.e. the system's very own logs: keep logs for a whole month /var/log/kern.log /var/log/kernel-info /var/log/auth.log /var/log/auth-info /var/log/cron.log /var/log/cron-info /var/log/daemon.log /var/log/daemon-info /var/log/mail.log /var/log/rsyslog /var/log/rsyslog-info { rotate 31 daily missingok notifempty delaycompress compress dateext nomail sharedscripts postrotate reload rsyslog >/dev/null 2>&1 || true endscript } # received i.e. logs from the clients /var/log/path-to-logs/*/* { rotate 31 daily missingok notifempty delaycompress compress dateext nomail } what i end up with is having is some sort of "summarized" files such as filename-datestampDay-Day and corresponding .gz files. What I do have are empty files, which are eventually zipped. so does the notifempty directive is in fact responsible for these DayX-DayY files, days on which really nothing happened? what would be an efficient way to drop both, empty log files and their .gz files, so that I eventually only keep logs/compressed files that truly contain data?

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• Windows based development environment: HyperV, VMWare, or VirtualBox on development machine?

  - by bleepzter

  I am a software engineer with a little bit of an informal "support" functionality... I am trying to figure out what is the best possible approach to employing virtualization technologies into our development process. Since the code we develop is server-centric, testing it often requires a VM with specific software requirements. I used to use VM Ware player (free version) to run my VM's until both of my laptops started exhibiting issues with corrupted windows 7 services and dying hard drives. All leads pointed to VMWare, which by the way seems to be a solid product if you pay for the Workstation edition ($300). On a side note, I have always been a fan of the Windows Server product line. I think it makes for one of the best development environments out there - it is highly scalable, highly reliable, and very efficient. So to be fair I replaced the drives of the laptops and installed Windows Server 2008R2, VS2010 Ultimate SP1, SQL Server 2008R2, TFS Server 2010 and all other tools and API's needed do do my work properly. So now I am stuck with a bunch of VMWare VMs. I don't want to repeat of what happened before, and I certainly don't want to bog down my machine with an inefficient hypervisor or services that are not needed. Futhermore the VMDK hard-disk format used by VMWare is not compatible with the VHD format of Hyper V. It is my understanding that converting from one format to the other can only happen by Microsoft System Center Virtual Machine which I have downloaded from MSDN and ready to install. I guess the question at this point is: Does SCVM run as another service in Windows? Is it a memory hog? What is a better virtualization technology - Hyper-V or Virtual Box in terms of efficiency ease of use and most importantly - memory footprint? (Keep in mind the development environment already has a ton of services running such as TFS Server, SQL Server, IIS, etc...) How would you advise to proceed at this point so that the VMs are still used in the test process? Thanks Martin

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• Disable touch pad for mouse button region on new HP pavillion models?

  - by John

  i bought a new hp pavillion dv6 series laptop. the laptop itself is fine but it has the new hp touchpad mouse which i absolutely hate. its such a stupid problem to have with a computer. the left and right mouse buttons are, themselves, part of of the touchpad, meaning that if i tap the buttons without actually pressing them down, it registers the same way as the mouse pad (the cursor moves, tap to click activates, etc.) this is a major annoyance because it prevents you from operating the mouse pad with anything more than a single finger; if for example i use my right hand index finger to move the cursor using the touch pad and rest my left hand index finger on the left mouse button for more efficient mouse-ing, the mouse will react as if im trying to use 2 fingers to move it and it will either just sit there or will spaz out. the only way this works is if i keep the finger that is resting on the mouse button absolutely still, which is very difficult and, therefore, very annoying. also, even if i do abide by the arbitrary new decree of single-finger mousepad operation, i still have a problem because when i press down on the left or right click buttons, the mouse moves slightly, what with the buttons also being part of the touch pad and all. this would not be that hard to avoid except that they decided to also make the buttons much harder to press down. now whenever i go to click something, i press hard on the mouse button, causing my finger to slightly move or roll or flatten out a bit, causing the cursor to move slightly, and causing me to click on something different. what i would like to know is if there is anyway that i can disable the touch pad on the buttons. i have gone through all of the settings under the synaptics menus but i cannot find anything about this. did i miss something in one of the menus? if not, then are there any updated drivers that allow for toggling of this function?

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• How can one keep secure regular backups of his desktop on a remote server through aDSL? [on hold]

  - by Antonis Christofides

  I'm a system administrator and I use rsnapshot to backup some servers, duplicity for some others. Both work fine, each one with advantages and disadvantages. Despite that, I am at a loss on how to backup my own private files. I'd use duplicity to automatically backup my files to a remote server; but the problem is that once in a while I must do a full backup. My emails and important files are 9G, and I expect this to increase. Uploading through aDSL at 1Mbit would be 20 hours. Too much. rsnapshot doesn't require periodic full backups (only the first time), but it must be running on the remote server and have a means to connect to my computer; if the server is compromised (or simply if the NSA decides to use it), my own machine is also compromised. Not good. The only solution I've come up with is use encfs, use unison to synchronize the files to a remote server, and use duplicity or rsnapshot on the remote server to backup these files. In that case, the question is whether I can sync the files on many computers; is it possible for encfs to be used with the same key on many computers? I also think that if I append one character to the unencrypted file, its encrypted encfs counterpart might change a lot, so that incrementals with duplicity would be less efficient—but not a big deal. Maybe also, when I need to restore a file, finding the correct file to restore could be a pain, because of filename encryption. I wonder whether there is any other possibility that I've overlooked. Maybe I'm asking too much for my personal use, and I should settle with an external disk?

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• What kind of hosting do I need? [closed]

  - by Robert Smith

  I have been trying to answer this question but I haven't found an specific answer to my situation. As I want to pay for what I need, I thought I could get a good answer here. I have custom made forum (rather than a built-in forum like the ones you can find as plugins, e.g. WP-Forum or phpBB type of software) in Django. I don't want to use Apache and modwsgi because it's usually very memory-hungry and I can't afford a big server. I prefer a combination of nginx and gunicorn which I think is very efficient (maybe you can also tell me what you think about that). I'm expecting to receive 10,000 to 20,000 visits each month with 15,000 to 30,000 page impressions. I have reviewed some cloud services like Amazon EC2 or Rackspace and other more traditional services (Linodo). This site won't use videos or big images and I certainly don't need a huge amount of bandwidth (200GB would be definitely too much). I need shell access so shared hosting is out of the question. What do I need to run a website like that without problems? What about RAM? 256MB would be enough (that's the amount of RAM offered by small instances in Amazon and Rackspace)? Do you know of any alternative to those I mentioned? If you need more information to provide a useful answer, please don't hesitate to ask. Thanks a lot.

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• Network topology for both direct and routed traffic between two nodes

  - by IndigoFire

  Despite it's small size, this is the most difficult network design problem I've faced. There are three nodes in this network: PC running Windows XP with an internal WiFi adapter.Base station with both WiFi and a Wireless Modem (WiModem)Mobile device with both WiFi and WiModem The modem is a low-bandwidth but high-reliability connection. We'd like to use WiFi for high-bandwidth stuff like file transfers when the mobile is nearby, and the modem for control information. Here's the tricky part: we'd like the wifi traffic to go directly from the mobile to the PC, as rebroadcasting packets on the same WiFi channel takes up double the bandwidth. We can do that with a manual configuration by giving the both the PC and the base station two IP addresses for their WiFi interfaces: one on a subnet shared with the mobile, and one on their own subnet. The routes on the PC are set up so that any traffic going to the mobile via WiModem goes through the secondary IP address so that return traffic from the mobile also goes through the WiModem. Here's what that looks like: PC WiFi 1: 192.168.2.10/24 WiFi 2: 192.168.3.10/24 Default route: 192.168.2.1 Base Station WiFi 1: 192.168.2.1/24 WiFi 2: 192.168.3.1/24 WiModem: 192.168.4.1/24 Mobile WiFi: 192.168.3.20/24 WiModem: 192.168.4.20/24 We'd like to move to having the base station automatically configure the mobile and PC, as the manual setup is problematic when you start having multiple mobiles and PCs. This means that the PC can only have 1 IP address and needs to be treated as being pretty simple. Is it possible to have a setup driven by DHCP on the base station that is efficient with bandwidth?

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• when to upgrade server to include more cores, versus more processors, versus additional server?

  - by gkdsp

  The server hosting market is separated into single, double, qual, etc., processors, where each processor has several cores, or CPUs. My company will offer a Linux-based web application that relies on an Apache web server and a middle tier for business logic. The middle tier is used to crunch math, and return result to a client. Many clients may access the application simultaneously. The company will start with one processor having 4 cores. I'm trying to understand how the app uses the cores and then how to scale the application as business grows, in terms of servers/processors/cores. For example, I'd assume initially one core would be used for Apache, and the other 3 used to process client's requests for math crunching... Question 1: does that mean, with the 3 cores available, I can handle 3 separate client requests simultaneously (e.g. 1 for each of 3 cores)? I mean, except for the shared RAM, is this effectively like having 3 individual machines (from pt of view or processing client requests simulaneously)? Or, only one client's request may be processed at any one time, but that client's request is divided up into up to 3 cores depending on the type of process running that does the math crunching and whether or not it can take advantage of multi threading (so the # of cores impacts how fast any one client request completes)? I'm confused about what the cores mean to the application here. Question 2: As the business grows and more client requests need to be processed, should the server be upgraded to (A) a new machine with more cores, (B) a new machine with two processors, 4 cores each, or (C) keep the original server and add another server with a single processor? Which route provides the most efficient way to scale the application, in terms of processing more client requests per time interval? Is the choice, for example, limited by RAM (when you need more RAM than box can handle it's time to add another server), or something else? Question 3: Is the total number of client requests processed simultaneously equal to the number of cores times the number of servers (minus the one core for Apache)?

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• How may I retrieve data from an Excel table based on a variable number of criteria?

  - by Eshwar

  I have the following salary data for example: Country State 2012 2013 -> 2027 ======= ===== ==== ==== China Other 1000 1100 China Shanghai 1310 1400 China Tianjin 1450 1500 India Orissa 1500 1600 So now in another Excel sheet I would want an answer to one of the following questions: What is the salary in Shanghai for 2013? (Answer would be 1400) What is the salary in Hubei province for 2012? (Since it is not listed, use "Other" - 1000) What is the average salary in China for 2013? (Answer would be 1450) What is the highest salary in China for 2012? (Answer is Tianjin) So as in the above order of priority, I would like those numbers in another Excel sheet using some form of query. I considered PivotTables but I was wondering if there is another much better more efficient way of doing this? I imagine SQL is suited for this but I am not clued up on that. Some Excel functionality is much rather preferred. Also suggestions on an appropriate format of data for such queries would be appreciated.

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• Encrypted Windows 7 & Linux Advice Wanted

  - by Miles

  I would like to set up my laptop to dual boot Arch Linux and Windows 7 with file sharing and encryption. Just wanted some advice on going about this because I have not dealt with encryption nor file sharing. I have two 500GB hard drives, and this is my plan: Install Windows 7 across both hard drives Use a live CD to wipe out Windows boot loader and replace with Grub Legacy Use live CD to wipe out second hard drive and re-size the Windows partition located on first hard drive Install Arch Linux along side with Windows 7 on first hard drive, all remaining space goes to home folder as ext2 Install truecrypt and ext2fsd Concerns: Is this the most efficient way to share files between both OSes? Or should I just be using NTFS to store all my data? How would the file permissions work when sharing files between Windows and Linux? Is there a high likley hood of corruption, and what is the ease of backing up files from an encrypted disk? Anything I should look out for, conflict between Grub and Truecrypt? Thank you for any advice, and feel free to post any links you might find useful to me. I am trying to plan this out so I can minimize downtime as I do not want to spend more than a night on this, nor do I want to run into a major problem some time in the future.

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• What kind of server configuration is best for a chatting app? [closed]

  - by mohabitar

  I'm just now starting to go deeper into the world of cloud hosting and databases, and am getting overwhelmed by how deep this information goes. It's all a little too much to consume in a short amount of time. I get a lot of pricing information, but I'm unable to determine what that means to me. I'm making what you might compare to an email app. Users can send messages to one another. I just don't understand, out of the several options, what would be ideal for an app like this, where users would be constantly sending and receiving text data. With Amazon DynamoDB, I have to specify a pre-defined throughput with number of reads and writes per second. Sure I can just type 50, but I'm not exactly sure what 50 writes per second represents. I'm trying to determine what would be the most cost efficient solution, and I want to know what a throughput of 50 reads/writes/second compares to. Is that a high number? What is a good throughput number for a message sending app with say 50,000 daily users? I'm just providing specific numbers so I can understand what these throughput numbers represent. 100 transactions/second to me seems like a small number since I'm not familiar with this stuff, so I'm just looking to bring everything in context. What would 100 read/write/second be useful for? Are there any average example values available? And I'm not sure what each service is good for. For a message sending app, is there any reason I'd want to choose say Amazon DynamoDB over Google App Engine? Any insight would be greatly appreciated.

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• iptables: How to combine DNAT and SNAT to use a secondary IP address?

  - by Que_273

  There are lots of questions on here about iptables DNAT/SNAT setups but I haven't found one that solves my current problem. I have services bound to the IP address of eth0 (e.g. 192.168.0.20) and I also have a IP address on eth0:0 (192.168.0.40) which is shared with another server. Only one server is active, so this alias interface comes and goes depending on which server is active. In order to get traffic accepted by the service a DNAT rule is used to change the destination IP. iptables -t nat -A PREROUTING -d 192.168.0.40 -p udp --dport 7100 -j DNAT --to-destination 192.168.0.20 I also wish all outbound traffic from this service to appear to come from the shared IP, so that return responses will work in the event of a active-standby failover. iptables -t nat -A POSTROUTING -p udp --sport 7100 -j SNAT --to-source 192.168.0.40 My problem is that the SNAT rule is not always run. Inbound traffic causes a connection tracking entry like this. [root]# conntrack -L -p udp udp 17 170 src=192.168.0.185 dst=192.168.0.40 sport=7100 dport=7100 src=192.168.0.20 dst=192.168.0.185 sport=7100 dport=7100 [ASSURED] mark=0 secmark=0 use=2 which means the POSTROUTING chain is not run and outbound traffic leaves with the real IP address as the source. I am thinking I can set up a NOTRACK rule in the raw table to prevent conntracking for this port number, but is there a better or more efficient way to make this work? Edit - Alternative question: Is there a way (in CentOS/Linux) to have an interface that can be bound to but not used, such that it can be attached to the network or detached when a shared IP address is swapped between servers?

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• Server Hosting + AWS

  - by ledy

  Since my dedicated servers are hosted at a "normal" hosting service, I wonder if there is a really cheap way to extend the server farm with AWS instances. E.g. it seems to be a effient and flexible solution with data storage and ressources for ocassional data processing, too. However, it might be very in-efficient to mix two data centres and transfering data from current webhoster to amazon and vice-versa. In my case, the traffic for this continuous data exchange seems to be expensive and the delay for moving the data back to the hoster leads into a lack or delay. How are best practises for mixing non-aws and aws systems? E.g.: How to move the hosters data to aws as log file storage to run urchin analysis and/or port the log file data into a bigtable for exhausting analysis there. After working with the data: how to bring it back to the hoster and use the data with the webservers there? I am not going to move all the server farm to amazon, only "separate" parts or tasks if the transfer/exchange does not lead to increased cost.

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• Prevent 'Run-time error '7' out of memory' error in Excel when using macro

  - by MasterJedi

  I keep getting this error whenever I run a macro in my excel file. Is there any way I can prevent this? My code is below. Debugging highlights the following line as the issue: ActiveSheet.Shapes.SelectAll My macro: Private Sub Save() Dim sh As Worksheet ActiveWorkbook.Sheets("Report").Copy 'Create new workbook with Sheets("Report"(2)) as only sheet. Set sh = ActiveWorkbook.Sheets(1) 'Set the new sheet to a variable. New workbook is now active workbook. sh.Name = sh.Range("B9") & "_" & Format(Date, "mmyyyy") 'Rename the new sheet to B9 value + date. With sh.UsedRange.Cells .Value = .Value 'eliminate all formulas .Validation.Delete 'remove all validation .FormatConditions.Delete 'remove all conditional formatting ActiveSheet.Buttons.Delete ActiveSheet.Shapes.SelectAll Selection.Delete lrow = Range("I" & Rows.Count).End(xlUp).Row 'select rows from bottom up to last containing data in column I Rows(lrow + 1 & ":" & Rows.Count).Delete 'delete rows with no data in column I Application.ScreenUpdating = False .Range("A410:XFD1048576").Delete Shift:=xlUp 'delete all cells outwith report range Application.ScreenUpdating = True Dim counter Dim nameCount nameCount = ActiveWorkbook.Names.Count counter = nameCount Do While counter > 0 ActiveWorkbook.Names(counter).Delete counter = counter - 1 Loop 'remove named ranges from workbook End With ActiveWorkbook.SaveAs "\\Marko\Report\" & sh.Name & ".xlsx" 'Save new workbook using same name as new sheet. ActiveWorkbook.Close False 'Close the new workbook. MsgBox ("Export complete. Choose the next ADP in cell B9 and click 'Calculate'.") 'Display message box to inform user that report has been saved. End Sub Not sure how to make this more efficient or to prevent this error.

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• How to delete massive files via ftp or ssh?

  - by spotlightsnap

  On my servers, one of the scripts that I have been using keeps creating the blank files at root and I haven't been noticed for more than over 6 months and now total files are created more than 500,000 files. I cannot access that directory through control panel because there were too many files and I can only access with ftp. Even with ftp, ftp truncated the files by 8000 each. So I have to keep deleting 8000 each. I tried to ask my host to delete it for me but they says they can't since it's the liability issues. So what I want to know is how can i delete all of those 500,000 files through ftp? Since it's shared hosting, I don't have SSH access either. Hosting provider says I can request the SSH access but need to verify it and their office closed until next week. So I am stuck with ftp for now. So please kindly let me know how can i delete massive files via ftp ? And incase, if i can get the ssh access, please kindly let me know how can i delete the files via ssh with efficient ways ? Filename are like this closecp.139619 closecp.139619.1 closecp.139620 closecp.139620.1 Thank you.

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