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• What is the worst programming language you ever worked with? [closed]

  - by Ludwig Weinzierl

  If you have an interesting story to share, please post an answer, but do not abuse this question for bashing a language. We are programmers, and our primary tool is the programming language we use. While there is a lot of discussion about the best one, I'd like to hear your stories about the worst programming languages you ever worked with and I'd like to know exactly what annoyed you. I'd like to collect this stories partly to avoid common pitfalls while designing a language (especially a DSL) and partly to avoid quirky languages in the future in general. This question is not subjective. If a language supports only single character identifiers (see my own answer) this is bad in a non-debatable way. EDIT Some people have raised concerns that this question attracts trolls. Wading through all your answers made one thing clear. The large majority of answers is appropriate, useful and well written. UPDATE 2009-07-01 19:15 GMT The language overview is now complete, covering 103 different languages from 102 answers. I decided to be lax about what counts as a programming language and included anything reasonable. Thank you David for your comments on this. Here are all programming languages covered so far (alphabetical order, linked with answer, new entries in bold): ABAP, all 20th century languages, all drag and drop languages, all proprietary languages, APF, APL (1), AS400, Authorware, Autohotkey, BancaStar, BASIC, Bourne Shell, Brainfuck, C++, Centura Team Developer, Cobol (1), Cold Fusion, Coldfusion, CRM114, Crystal Syntax, CSS, Dataflex 2.3, DB/c DX, dbase II, DCL, Delphi IDE, Doors DXL, DOS batch (1), Excel Macro language, FileMaker, FOCUS, Forth, FORTRAN, FORTRAN 77, HTML, Illustra web blade, Informix 4th Generation Language, Informix Universal Server web blade, INTERCAL, Java, JavaScript (1), JCL (1), karol, LabTalk, Labview, Lingo, LISP, Logo, LOLCODE, LotusScript, m4, Magic II, Makefiles, MapBasic, MaxScript, Meditech Magic, MEL, mIRC Script, MS Access, MUMPS, Oberon, object extensions to C, Objective-C, OPS5, Oz, Perl (1), PHP, PL/SQL, PowerDynamo, PROGRESS 4GL, prova, PS-FOCUS, Python, Regular Expressions, RPG, RPG II, Scheme, ScriptMaker, sendmail.conf, Smalltalk, Smalltalk , SNOBOL, SpeedScript, Sybase PowerBuilder, Symbian C++, System RPL, TCL, TECO, The Visual Software Environment, Tiny praat, TransCAD, troff, uBasic, VB6 (1), VBScript (1), VDF4, Vimscript, Visual Basic (1), Visual C++, Visual Foxpro, VSE, Webspeed, XSLT The answers covering 80386 assembler, VB6 and VBScript have been removed.

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• Hidden features of Perl?

  - by Adam Bellaire

  What are some really useful but esoteric language features in Perl that you've actually been able to employ to do useful work? Guidelines: Try to limit answers to the Perl core and not CPAN Please give an example and a short description Hidden Features also found in other languages' Hidden Features: (These are all from Corion's answer) C# Duff's Device Portability and Standardness Quotes for whitespace delimited lists and strings Aliasable namespaces Java Static Initalizers JavaScript Functions are First Class citizens Block scope and closure Calling methods and accessors indirectly through a variable Ruby Defining methods through code PHP Pervasive online documentation Magic methods Symbolic references Python One line value swapping Ability to replace even core functions with your own functionality Other Hidden Features: Operators: The bool quasi-operator The flip-flop operator Also used for list construction The ++ and unary - operators work on strings The repetition operator The spaceship operator The || operator (and // operator) to select from a set of choices The diamond operator Special cases of the m// operator The tilde-tilde "operator" Quoting constructs: The qw operator Letters can be used as quote delimiters in q{}-like constructs Quoting mechanisms Syntax and Names: There can be a space after a sigil You can give subs numeric names with symbolic references Legal trailing commas Grouped Integer Literals hash slices Populating keys of a hash from an array Modules, Pragmas, and command-line options: use strict and use warnings Taint checking Esoteric use of -n and -p CPAN overload::constant IO::Handle module Safe compartments Attributes Variables: Autovivification The $[ variable tie Dynamic Scoping Variable swapping with a single statement Loops and flow control: Magic goto for on a single variable continue clause Desperation mode Regular expressions: The \G anchor (?{}) and '(??{})` in regexes Other features: The debugger Special code blocks such as BEGIN, CHECK, and END The DATA block New Block Operations Source Filters Signal Hooks map (twice) Wrapping built-in functions The eof function The dbmopen function Turning warnings into errors Other tricks, and meta-answers: cat files, decompressing gzips if needed Perl Tips See Also: Hidden features of C Hidden features of C# Hidden features of C++ Hidden features of Java Hidden features of JavaScript Hidden features of Ruby Hidden features of PHP Hidden features of Python

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• Delegates in .NET: how are they constructed ?

  - by Saulius

  While inspecting delegates in C# and .NET in general, I noticed some interesting facts: Creating a delegate in C# creates a class derived from MulticastDelegate with a constructor: .method public hidebysig specialname rtspecialname instance void .ctor(object 'object', native int 'method') runtime managed { } Meaning that it expects the instance and a pointer to the method. Yet the syntax of constructing a delegate in C# suggests that it has a constructor new MyDelegate(int () target) where I can recognise int () as a function instance (int *target() would be a function pointer in C++). So obviously the C# compiler picks out the correct method from the method group defined by the function name and constructs the delegate. So the first question would be, where does the C# compiler (or Visual Studio, to be precise) pick this constructor signature from ? I did not notice any special attributes or something that would make a distinction. Is this some sort of compiler/visualstudio magic ? If not, is the T (args) target construction valid in C# ? I did not manage to get anything with it to compile, e.g.: int () target = MyMethod; is invalid, so is doing anything with MyMetod, e.g. calling .ToString() on it (well this does make some sense, since that is technically a method group, but I imagine it should be possible to explicitly pick out a method by casting, e.g. (int())MyFunction. So is all of this purely compiler magic ? Looking at the construction through reflector reveals yet another syntax: Func CS$1$0000 = new Func(null, (IntPtr) Foo); This is consistent with the disassembled constructor signature, yet this does not compile! One final interesting note is that the classes Delegate and MulticastDelegate have yet another sets of constructors: .method family hidebysig specialname rtspecialname instance void .ctor(class System.Type target, string 'method') cil managed Where does the transition from an instance and method pointer to a type and a string method name occur ? Can this be explained by the runtime managed keywords in the custom delegate constructor signature, i.e. does the runtime do it's job here ?

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• Can I perform some processing on the POST data before ASP.NET MVC UpdateModel happens?

  - by Domenic

  I would like to strip out non-numeric elements from the POST data before using UpdateModel to update the copy in the database. Is there a way to do this? // TODO: it appears I don't even use the parameter given at all, and all the magic // happens via UpdateModel and the "controller's current value provider"? [HttpPost] public ActionResult Index([Bind(Include="X1, X2")] Team model) // TODO: stupid magic strings { if (this.ModelState.IsValid) { TeamContainer context = new TeamContainer(); Team thisTeam = context.Teams.Single(t => t.TeamId == this.CurrentTeamId); // TODO HERE: apply StripWhitespace() to the data before using UpdateModel. // The data is currently somewhere in the "current value provider"? this.UpdateModel(thisTeam); context.SaveChanges(); this.RedirectToAction(c => c.Index()); } else { this.ModelState.AddModelError("", "Please enter two valid Xs."); } // If we got this far, something failed; redisplay the form. return this.View(model); } Sorry for the terseness, up all night working on this; hopefully my question is clear enough? Also sorry since this is kind of a newbie question that I might be able to get with a few hours of documentation-trawling, but I'm time-pressured... bleh.

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• Is it possible to use boost::bind to effectively concatenate functions?

  - by Catskul

  Assume that I have a boost::function of with an arbitrary signature called type CallbackType. Is it possible to use boost::bind to compose a function that takes the same arguments as the CallbackType but calls the two functors in succession? Hypothetical example using a magic template: Template<typename CallbackType> class MyClass { public: CallbackType doBoth; MyClass( CallbackType callback ) { doBoth = bind( magic<CallbackType>, protect( bind(&MyClass::alert, this) ), protect( callback ) ); } void alert() { cout << "It has been called\n"; } }; void doIt( int a, int b, int c) { cout << "Doing it!" << a << b << c << "\n"; } int main() { typedef boost::function<void (int, int, int)> CallbackType; MyClass<CallbackType> object( boost::bind(doIt) ); object.doBoth(); return 0; }

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• Send already generated MHTML using CDOSYS through C#?

  - by mutex

  I have a ready generated MHTML as a byte array (from Aspose.Words) and would like to send it as an email. I'm trying to do this through CDOSYS, though am open to other suggestions. For now though I have the following: CDO.Message oMsg = new CDO.Message(); CDO.IConfiguration iConfg = oMsg.Configuration; Fields oFields = iConfg.Fields; // Set configuration. Field oField = oFields["http://schemas.microsoft.com/cdo/configuration/sendusing"]; oField.Value = CDO.CdoSendUsing.cdoSendUsingPort; oField = oFields["http://schemas.microsoft.com/cdo/configuration/smtpserver"]; oField.Value = SmtpClient.Host; oField = oFields["http://schemas.microsoft.com/cdo/configuration/smtpserverport"]; oField.Value = SmtpClient.Port; oFields.Update(); //oMsg.CreateMHTMLBody("http://www.microsoft.com", CDO.CdoMHTMLFlags.cdoSuppressNone, "", ""); // NEED MAGIC HERE :) oMsg.Subject = warning.Subject; // string oMsg.From = "[email protected]"; oMsg.To = warning.EmailAddress; oMsg.Send(); In this snippet, the warning variable has a Body property which is a byte[]. Where it says "NEED MAGIC HERE" in the code above I want to use this byte[] to set the body of the CDO Message. I have tried the following, which unsurprisingly doesn't work: oMsg.HTMLBody = System.Text.Encoding.ASCII.GetString(warning.Body); Anybody have any ideas how I can achieve what I want with CDOSYS or something else?

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• Where is the errnos defined? Example linux c/c++ program for i2c.

  - by Johan

  Hi When something goes wrong in a classic linux c/c++ software we have the magic variable errno that gives us a clue on what just went wrong. But where is those errors defined? Let's take a example (it's actually a piece from a Qt app, therefore the qDebug()). if (ioctl(file, I2C_SLAVE, address) < 0) { int err = errno; qDebug() << __FILE__ << __FUNCTION__ << __LINE__ << "Can't set address:" << address << "Errno:" << err << strerror(err); .... The next step is to look at what that errno was so we can decide if we just quit or try to do something about the problem. So we maybe add a if or switch at this point. if (err == 9) { // do something... } else { //do someting else } And my question is where to find the errors that "9" represents? I don't like that kind of magic numbers in my code. /Thanks

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• Apples, oranges, and pointers to the most derived c++ class

  - by Matthew Lowe

  Suppose I have a bunch of fruit: class Fruit { ... }; class Apple : public Fruit { ... }; class Orange: public Fruit { ... }; And some polymorphic functions that operate on said fruit: void Eat(Fruit* f, Pesticide* p) { } void Eat(Apple* f, Pesticide* p) { ingest(f,p); } void Eat(Orange* f, Pesticide* p) { peel(f,p); ingest(f,p); } OK, wait. Stop right there. Note at this point that any sane person would make Eat() a virtual member function of the Fruit classes. But that's not an option, because I am not a sane person. Also, I don't want that Pesticide* in the header file for my fruit class. Sadly, what I want to be able to do next is exactly what member functions and dynamic binding allow: typedef list<Fruit*> Fruits; Fruits fs; ... for(Fruits::iterator i=fs.begin(), e=fs.end(); i!=e; ++i) Eat(*i); And obviously, the problem here is that the pointer we pass to Eat() will be a Fruit*, not an Apple* or an Orange*, therefore nothing will get eaten and we will all be very hungry. So what I really want to be able to do instead of this: Eat(*i); is this: Eat(MAGIC_CAST_TO_MOST_DERIVED_CLASS(*i)); But to my limited knowledge, such magic does not exist, except possibly in the form of a big nasty if-statement full of calls to dynamic_cast. So is there some run-time magic of which I am not aware? Or should I implement and maintain a big nasty if-statement full of dynamic_casts? Or should I suck it up, quit thinking about how I would implement this in Ruby, and allow a little Pesticide to make its way into my fruit header?

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• Scala: Correcting type inference of representation type over if statement

  - by drhagen

  This is a follow-up to two questions on representation types, which are type parameters of a trait designed to represent the type underlying a bounded type member (or something like that). I've had success creating instances of classes, e.g ConcreteGarage, that have instances cars of bounded type members CarType. trait Garage { type CarType <: Car[CarType] def cars: Seq[CarType] def copy(cars: Seq[CarType]): Garage def refuel(car: CarType, fuel: CarType#FuelType): Garage = copy( cars.map { case `car` => car.refuel(fuel) case other => other }) } class ConcreteGarage[C <: Car[C]](val cars: Seq[C]) extends Garage { type CarType = C def copy(cars: Seq[C]) = new ConcreteGarage(cars) } trait Car[C <: Car[C]] { type FuelType <: Fuel def fuel: FuelType def copy(fuel: C#FuelType): C def refuel(fuel: C#FuelType): C = copy(fuel) } class Ferrari(val fuel: Benzin) extends Car[Ferrari] { type FuelType = Benzin def copy(fuel: Benzin) = new Ferrari(fuel) } class Mustang(val fuel: Benzin) extends Car[Mustang] { type FuelType = Benzin def copy(fuel: Benzin) = new Mustang(fuel) } trait Fuel case class Benzin() extends Fuel I can easily create instances of Cars like Ferraris and Mustangs and put them into a ConcreteGarage, as long as it's simple: val newFerrari = new Ferrari(Benzin()) val newMustang = new Mustang(Benzin()) val ferrariGarage = new ConcreteGarage(Seq(newFerrari)) val mustangGarage = new ConcreteGarage(Seq(newMustang)) However, if I merely return one or the other, based on a flag, and try to put the result into a garage, it fails: val likesFord = true val new_car = if (likesFord) newFerrari else newMustang val switchedGarage = new ConcreteGarage(Seq(new_car)) // Fails here The switch alone works fine, it is the call to ConcreteGarage constructor that fails with the rather mystical error: error: inferred type arguments [this.Car[_ >: this.Ferrari with this.Mustang <: this.Car[_ >: this.Ferrari with this.Mustang <: ScalaObject]{def fuel: this.Benzin; type FuelType<: this.Benzin}]{def fuel: this.Benzin; type FuelType<: this.Benzin}] do not conform to class ConcreteGarage's type parameter bounds [C <: this.Car[C]] val switchedGarage = new ConcreteGarage(Seq(new_car)) // Fails here ^ I have tried putting those magic [C <: Car[C]] representation type parameters everywhere, but without success in finding the magic spot.

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• Template trick to optimize out allocations

  - by anon

  I have: struct DoubleVec { std::vector<double> data; }; DoubleVec operator+(const DoubleVec& lhs, const DoubleVec& rhs) { DoubleVec ans(lhs.size()); for(int i = 0; i < lhs.size(); ++i) { ans[i] = lhs[i]] + rhs[i]; // assume lhs.size() == rhs.size() } return ans; } DoubleVec someFunc(DoubleVec a, DoubleVec b, DoubleVec c, DoubleVec d) { DoubleVec ans = a + b + c + d; } Now, in the above, the "a + b + c + d" will cause the creation of 3 temporary DoubleVec's -- is there a way to optimize this away with some type of template magic ... i.e. to optimize it down to something equivalent to: DoubleVec ans(a.size()); for(int i = 0; i < ans.size(); i++) ans[i] = a[i] + b[i] + c[i] + d[i]; You can assume all DoubleVec's have the same # of elements. The high level idea is to have do some type of templateied magic on "+", which "delays the computation" until the =, at which point it looks into itself, goes hmm ... I'm just adding thes numbers, and syntheizes a[i] + b[i] + c[i] + d[i] ... instead of all the temporaries. Thanks!

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• How to handle window closed in the middle of a long running operation gracefully?

  - by Marek

  We have the following method called directly from the UI thread: void DoLengthyProcessing() { DoStuff(); var items = DoMoreStuff(); //do even more stuff - 200 lines of code trimmed this.someControl.PrepareForBigThing(); //someControl is a big user control //additional 100 lines of code that access this.someControl this.someControl.Finish(items); } Many of the called methods call Application.DoEvents() (and they do so many times) (do not ask me why, this is black magic written by black magic programmers and it can not be changed because everyone is scared what the impact would be) and there is also an operation running on a background thread involved in the processing. As a result, the window is not fully nonresponsive and can be closed manually during the processing. The Dispose method of the form "releases" the someControl variable by setting it to null. As a result, in case the user closes the window during the lengthy process, a null reference exception is thrown. How to handle this gracefully without just catching and logging the exception caused by disposal? Assigning the someControl instance to a temporary variable in the beginning of the method - but the control contains many subcontrols with similar disposal scheme - sets them to null and this causes null reference exceptions in other place put if (this.IsDisposed) return; calls before every access of the someControl variable. - making the already nasty long method even longer and unreadable. in Closing event, just indicate that we should close and only hide the window. Dispose it at the end of the lengthy operation. This is not very viable because there are many other methods involved (think 20K LOC for a single control) that would need to handle this mechanism as well. How to most effectively handle window disposal (by user action) in the middle of this kind of processing?

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• What's the cleanest way to do byte-level manipulation?

  - by Jurily

  I have the following C struct from the source code of a server, and many similar: // preprocessing magic: 1-byte alignment typedef struct AUTH_LOGON_CHALLENGE_C { // 4 byte header uint8 cmd; uint8 error; uint16 size; // 30 bytes uint8 gamename[4]; uint8 version1; uint8 version2; uint8 version3; uint16 build; uint8 platform[4]; uint8 os[4]; uint8 country[4]; uint32 timezone_bias; uint32 ip; uint8 I_len; // I_len bytes uint8 I[1]; } sAuthLogonChallenge_C; // usage (the actual code that will read my packets): sAuthLogonChallenge_C *ch = (sAuthLogonChallenge_C*)&buf[0]; // where buf is a raw byte array These are TCP packets, and I need to implement something that emits and reads them in C#. What's the cleanest way to do this? My current approach involves [StructLayout(LayoutKind.Sequential, Pack = 1)] unsafe struct foo { ... } and a lot of fixed statements to read and write it, but it feels really clunky, and since the packet itself is not fixed length, I don't feel comfortable using it. Also, it's a lot of work. However, it does describe the data structure nicely, and the protocol may change over time, so this may be ideal for maintenance. What are my options? Would it be easier to just write it in C++ and use some .NET magic to use that?

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• I need to sort the facets that come back from SOLR by relevancy

  - by Pinguthepenguin

  I have within my SOLR index song objects which belong to a higher level album object. An example is shown below: <song> <album title>Blood Sugar Sex Magic</album title> <song title>Under the Bridge</song title> <description>A sad song about junkies</description> </song> What I can do at the moment is create a facet on the album title so that a search on songs will also show me what albums contain hits for that keyword. The default behaviour for SOLR is that the facets are shown in the order of most hits to least. However what I want to achieve is the facet list to be sorted according to the relevancy of the top hit for that album. For example a search on the word "sad" may show a facet with one hit for "Blood Sugar Sex Magic" and there may also be an album called "Sad Clown songs" where there are 10 hits. "Sad clown songs" will show as the first facet even though it may be that "Under the bridge" comes up as the most relevant song. My question is how can I get all the facets back but then have them ordered by the relevancy of the songs within them? If I would need to change or extend some underlying SOLR code what would that be? Thanks in advance.

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• What are good examples of perfectly acceptable approaches to development that are NOT test driven development (TDD)?

  - by markbruns

  The TDD cycle is test, code, refactor, (repeat) and then ship. TDD implies development that is driven by testing, specifically that means understanding requirements and then writing tests first before developing or writing code. My natural inclination is a philosophical bias in favor of TDD; I would like to be convinced that there are other approaches that now work well or even better than TDD so I have asked this question. What are examples of perfectly acceptable approaches that NOT test driven development? I can think of plenty approaches that are not TDD but could be a lot more trouble than what they are worth ... it's not moral judgement, it's just that they are cost more than they are worth ... the following are simply examples of things that might be ok as learning exercises, but approaches I'd find to be NOT acceptable in serious production and NOT TDD might include: Inspecting quality into your product -- Focusing efforts on developing a proficiency in testing/QA can be problematic, especially if you don't work on the requirements and development side first ... symptom of this include bug triaging where the developers have so many different bugs to deal with it, it is necessary to employ a form of triage -- each development cycle gets worse and worse, programmers work more and more hours, sleep less and less, struggle to keep going in death march until they are consumed. Superstition ... believing in things that you don't understand -- this would involve borrowing code that you believe has been proven or tested from somewhere, e.g. legacy code, a magic code starter wizard or an open source project, and you go forward hacking up a storm of modifications, sliding FaceBook Connect into your the user interface, inventing some new magic features on the fly (e.g. a mashup using the Twitter API, GoogleMaps API and maybe Zappos API), showing off your cool new "product" to a few people and then writing up a simple "specification" and list of "test cases" and turning that over to Mechanical Turk for testing.

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• Howto make a diff of a bios or backup/ restore all bios settings

  - by sfonck

  Hi, I'm using an Dell M90 Precision Laptop which has a NVidia Quadro FX 2500M graphics card and is running Windows XP. Laptop has been running fine - but a few weeks ago screen went 'white' - restarted computer- bios and startup screens show weird green dots and stripes, normal startup only shows a black screen... only VGA mode works to display something. I've been trying to remove and reinstall the correct drivers downloaded from Dell's website - no solution. I gave up and reinstalled XP - everything was working perfect again. 2 weeks later - again the white screen - tried everything again (flashin new bios also - nothing works) Reinstalled XP - everyhting was working again, so I made a DriveSnapShot of the partition. Today - again the 'white screen'. Ok, no problem ...I was thinking all I needed to do was to restore the DriveSnapShot backup... Few minutes later the backup is restored ... but guess what: video driver does not work correctly... As the DriveSnapShot restored the complete partition, as it was at the time everything was working perfectly, this would mean my driver problems are due to 'settings' in the bios or on the graphics-card itself + these 'settings' can get overridden by doing a new XP-install.... I'm out of options, can somebody help me to find a solution for this problem: Is there some way to backup and restore a bios after seeing some problems? Is there some way to know what is causing this problem like a bios diff utility? Thanks!

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• How can I recover data from a dmg that cannot mount?

  - by Benjamin Lee

  I backed up a hard drive in a dmg, then reformatted the hard drive. (I had deleted the efi partition before which was preventing me from reinstalling the operation system). When I tried use the restore function in disk utility it gave an input/output error. I get this error with anything I do to the image including mounting, converting, attaching, verifying, scanning, and getting info through hdiutil imageinfo. I have run all of these with hdiutil and the -noverify, -nomount, and -ignorebadchecksums flags. When I copy the image onto another disk/partition I get a different error: something like "No filesystem". I cannot repair the image with disk utility or asr, which both throw the I/O error. When I put the -verbose flag on the command I actually get a different error: "hdiutil: attach failed - No child processes". I have output from both the -verbose and -debug flags but it is fairly long so I had to attach a link to avoid the 3000 character limit. No recovery system can get the data because it is both compressed and unmountable. How can I get the data back, and what has gone wrong? -debug -verbose

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• Ext3 fs: Block bitmap for group 1 not in group (block 0). is fs dead?

  - by ip

  Hi, My company has a server with one big partition with Mysql database and php files. Now this partition seems to be corrupted, as reported from kernel messages when I tried to mount it manually: [329862.817837] EXT3-fs error (device loop1): ext3_check_descriptors: Block bitmap for group 1 not in group (block 0)! [329862.817846] EXT3-fs: group descriptors corrupted! I've tried to recovery it running tools from a PLD livecd. These are the tools I have tested: - e2retrieve - testdisk - photorec - dd_rescue/dd_rhelp - ddrescue - fsck.ext2 - e2salvage without any success. dumpe2fs 1.41.3 (12-Oct-2008) Filesystem volume name: /dev/sda3 Last mounted on: <not available> Filesystem UUID: dd51610b-6de0-4392-a6f3-67160dbc0343 Filesystem magic number: 0xEF53 Filesystem revision #: 1 (dynamic) Filesystem features: has_journal filetype sparse_super Default mount options: (none) Filesystem state: not clean with errors Errors behavior: Continue Filesystem OS type: Linux Inode count: 9502720 Block count: 18987570 Reserved block count: 949378 Free blocks: 11555345 Free inodes: 11858398 First block: 0 Block size: 4096 Fragment size: 4096 Blocks per group: 32768 Fragments per group: 32768 Inodes per group: 16384 Inode blocks per group: 512 Last mount time: Wed Mar 24 09:31:03 2010 Last write time: Mon Apr 12 11:46:32 2010 Mount count: 10 Maximum mount count: 30 Last checked: Thu Jan 1 01:00:00 1970 Check interval: 0 (<none>) Reserved blocks uid: 0 (user root) Reserved blocks gid: 0 (group root) First inode: 11 Inode size: 128 Journal inode: 8 Journal backup: inode blocks dumpe2fs: A block group is missing an inode table while reading journal inode There's any other tools I have to test before considering these disk definitely unrecoverable? Many thanks, ip

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• Recover files from corrupt filesystem

  - by Emile 81

  My situation: I have an older 80GB IDE internal hdd, with a few files on that I would like very much to recover: some word documents some latex documents (text files) and pictures (png, jpg, eps files) some other text documents and visual studio project files I had backed them (not the latex ones though) up using svn, but have not committed lately, and would loose a lot of work if I cant recover. the hdd seems to have lost its filesystem, i have no idea how it came about. I know it has/had 3 NTFS partitions, i know the files i want are on the second or third partition. I read http://superuser.com/questions/81877/recover-hard-disk-data Partition Find and Mount did not see all the partitions using intelligent scan TestDisk does (i think), I followed the step by step instructions here, but when I try to list the files it says: "Can't open filesystem, filesystem seems damaged." I'm not sure how to proceed here, as TestDisks wiki does not contain this error message afaik. I don't know if the hdd is gonna fail, or some prog has caused the filesystem to be corrupt, the hdd doesnt make a sound, so i guess that's good. I would like some guidance so I don't accidentally cause more damage. (eg. is it ok to let testdisk write the filesystem to disk? I'm pretty the partitions are listed ok, but not 100%)

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• Why does my dd backup of MacBook OS X fail to boot upon restore?

  - by James

  I created a backup of a MacBook hard drive (WD2500BEVS-88US) by hooking it up as a secondary drive on my linux system (Ubuntu 10.10). I used the following command: sudo dd if=/dev/sdc of=/home/backup.img bs=2M This appears to have completed with no errors. I noticed that the file is only 68 GB in size even though the drive is 250 GB in capacity. I restored the image to a spare drive (WD2500BEVS) with the following command: sudo dd if=/home/backup.img of=/dev/sdb bs=2M When I boot the spare drive in the Mac, it appears to start up for a few seconds and then shuts down. (It does not appear to load into the OS at all). When I open up the drive that won't boot in GParted, it looks like this: When looking at the information for the middle partition with the little red exclamation mark, it shows this: The original hard drive that boots ok shows up like this: Further info on both drives: sudo fdisk -l Disk /dev/sdb: 250.1 GB, 250059350016 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 30401 cylinders Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x00000000 Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sdb1 1 30402 244198580 ee GPT WARNING: GPT (GUID Partition Table) detected on '/dev/sdc'! The util fdisk doesn't support GPT. Use GNU Parted. Disk /dev/sdc: 250.1 GB, 250059350016 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 30401 cylinders Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x00000000 Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sdc1 1 30402 244198580 ee GPT So why is my backup or restore failing? Why is dd not creating a byte for byte duplicate?

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• Windows 7 AIK help

  - by microchasm

  I've just got in a few Windows 7 (64, Windows 7 Professional) machines, and I'm trying to get the AIK 2010 working. I've set up one of the machines, and installed AIK and MDT on it. I've followed the directions at http://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/dd349348%28WS.10%29.aspx about 3 times now, and also tried the built-in .chm help files that came with AIK. In AIK I grab the install.wim image off the OEM cd, at which point it asks me which version (I select Professional). I follow the rest of the instructions creating a new Autounattend answer file, and fill in the various bits and pieces according the the step-by-step guides. I verify the Answer file (No warnings or errors), save it, and copy it onto a USB drive. I go to another machine, insert it's OEM Win7 Disk, and power on. I've set BIOS to boot from CD, so it goes directly into the installation. Once The files are loaded, and Setup starts, it immediately asks which version to install (Home basic, Home Premium, Professiona, Ultimate). Ugh, I thought it was supposed to be an automated install, and that selecting the Version when opening the .wim file would answer this question. I looked for an option to set which version to be installed on the net, in the help, and in AIK itself; to no avail. Anyway, just for laughs I select Professional,and hit continue. It copies files for about 10 seconds, then fails with the following error: "Setup was unable to create a new system partition or locate an existing system partition. See the setup log files for more information. [OK]". Clicking OK reboots the box, and obviously there are no log files because the OS isn't installed. It is a Dell Optiplex 380 , Intel Core Duo 2.93 GHzl 4 GB RAM, 64 Bit. Any help would be REALLY appreciated.

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• Triple boot WIndows 7, Windows 8, and Mountain Lion on Macbook Pro

  - by Nathan

  Ok, So I have a bit of a unique situation here I could use some help on. I've modded my summer 2011 MBPro to have 2 harddrives by replacing the optical drive. OSX Mountain Lion is installed on a single partition of a 120GB SSD. The second drive is 750GB, partitioned as 550GB, 150GB, and ~50GB. I've set the 550GB to act as my OSX homefolder, but I'd like to install windows 7 and Windows 8 on the remaining partitions. It Took a while, but by following this guide, I eventually found a way to install Windows without a CD/DVD drive by following this http://huguesval.com/blog/2012/02/installing-windows-7-on-a-mac-without-superdrive-with-virtualbox/ It worked flawlessly for creating both windows 7 and windows 8 images that I could clone onto FAT32 partitions. However, I have encountered a problem when trying to triple boot. After I put Windows 8 onto the ~50GB partition and tried to boot into windows 7 I get an error that says something like: error: 0x0000000e The Boot selection failed because the required device is inaccessible. If I re-clone the windows 7 image onto the drive and select the option to "replace BCD" file for the drive, windows 7 will boot but windows 8 now gives me the same exact error. I realize this is a pretty extensive setup, but if anyone has some insight I'd love to hear it.

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• Update to Lion, Cannot boot into Bootcamp partitions, but can use in Parallels

  - by Jon Jester

  Using Snow Leopard had boot camp partitions for both XP and Windows 7. These were both accessible through Parallels 7 or through direct boot through boot camp. Each is on a separate partitioned hard drive. Upgraded to Lion, both were still accessible through Parallels, but have not been able to directly boot into either. Unfortunately is important to me to be able to boot into a least the Windows 7 partition. Have tried virtually everything I can find online. Seen similar issues, but nothing where they were usable virtually but not directly. Nothing works. reFit, correcting the master boot records in Windows with command line, have wiped the Windows 7 partition clean and reinstalled Windows 7 several times 1st using Boot Camp4 drivers then using Boot Camp3 drivers. Have tried resizing the bootcamp partitions. When booting into the Boot Camp partitions directly will go all the way to seeing the desktop before it fails, where I get a Windows error screen. I can see all the disks and their appropriate partitions both in OS X disk utility as well as the Windows installer utility.

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• BSOD trying to migrate Windows XP from a physical to a virtual machine

  - by pauldoo

  I am attempting to migrate a Windows XP Home installation from a physical machine to a virtual machine. The physical machine has two hard disks; the first is 250GB containing the "C:", the second is 1TB containing "D:". I'd like to create a new virtual machine stored on the D:, which is a copy of the Windows XP Home installation that is currently on the C:. (This will leave the 250GB drive clear for me to install a fresh copy of Windows 7, and still be able to access the old XP installation if necessary.) The first method I tried was to follow the instructions here: http://www.virtualbox.org/wiki/Migrate_Windows I booted up from an Ubuntu Live CD in order to execute the Linux commands whilst the Windows system wasn't running. With this method the virtual machine would always blue screen on startup with a "STOP 0x0000007B" message. The instructions above say to try a "repair install" using the Windows XP disc. Unfortunately for me my XP disc is scratched and will not boot so I was unable to try a repair install. The second method I tried was to use "VMWare Converter Standalone Client". This tool executed without any errors, but again produced a virtual machine that blue screens on startup with the same "STOP" message. Are there any other methods to move the Windows XP installation into a virtual machine? I think next I will try some more manual process to create the cloned virtual machine. I think I will try installing a fresh copy of Windows XP to a virtual machine, then once that is booting OK I will ntfsclone the source C: partition over the top. Perhaps this will fix the booting problems if the issue is related to the MBR or partition table in some way.

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• How to update the hard disk device drivers for a ghosted hard drive image so it can run on different hardware: Ultra ATA > SATA

  - by rism

  I've ghosted a Winxp machine from one laptop with Ultra ATA drive, and would like to set it up on another laptop as a multiboot option on another hard driver with a SATA drive. I can install the partition fine but if i make it active and try to boot it it blue screens. The blue screen is so fast i cant even read it, other than to make out it's saying "something", im picking probably hard drive as it goes through POST fine. So basically i would like to boot into my Win7 OS, and then somehow manipulate the XP partition to use updated drivers for the new hard drive/laptop so that i can then at least boot into the XP OS on the new machine and update all the other drivers in safe mode or whatever to get it to run. I assume someone is going to tell me to just do a fresh install, but that kinda defeats the purpose of ghosting at this point. There is a significant amount of personalisation, development setup on the XP machine that i would like to just transfer as is. As it stands ive invested minmal time in getting it to run, just a ghost and recovery and then a blue screen boot or two, so its still well worth it to me, time wise to try this way. Thanks.

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• "A disk read error occurred" when booting XP disk image in VirtualBox

  - by intuited

  I'm trying to boot an XP installation cloned into VirtualBox from a real drive. I'm getting the message A disk read error occurred Press Ctrl+Alt+Del to restart whenever* I try to boot the machine. * This is not strictly true: with AMD-V enabled, the boot process appears to not make it this far and instead hangs at a black screen with cursor. I created the VirtualBox image from the original drive using the following method: $ sudo ddrescue -n /dev/sdd sdd.img logfile # completed without errors $ VBoxManage convertfromraw sdd.img disk.vdi The original disk (and the image) contain a single NTFS partition with XP installed on it. The owner of the drive indicates that it did boot okay the last time the system made it that far. The (Pentium 4) system has a broken (enormous) heat sink, so at some point it failed to boot because it would quickly overheat and shut down. If I boot the VM from a live cd, I am able to mount its /dev/sda1 without any problems. I ran ntfsfix and didn't have any luck. I've read through the instructions on doing this. I didn't really follow them. For example, I didn't run MergeIDE before imaging because the machine was not bootable. However, the symptom of that problem seems to be quite different. The emitted message is contained in the volume boot record of the XP partition, which leads me to suspect that this is a problem with the core operating system bootstrap procedure, and not related to anything in the registry. I don't have an XP boot CD.

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