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  • python class attribute

    - by chnet
    Hi, i have a question about class attribute in python. class base : def __init__ (self): pass derived_val = 1 t1 = base() t2 = base () t2.derived_val +=1 t2.__class__.derived_val +=2 print t2.derived_val # its value is 2 print t2.__class__.derived_val # its value is 3 The results are different. I also use id() function to find t2.derived_val and t2.class.derived_val have different memory address. My problem is derived_val is class attribute. Why it is different in above example? Is it because the instance of class copy its own derived_val beside the class attribute?

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  • Sqlite and Python -- return a dictionary using fetchone()?

    - by AndrewO
    I'm using sqlite3 in python 2.5. I've created a table that looks like this: create table votes ( bill text, senator_id text, vote text) I'm accessing it with something like this: v_cur.execute("select * from votes") row = v_cur.fetchone() bill = row[0] senator_id = row[1] vote = row[2] What I'd like to be able to do is have fetchone (or some other method) return a dictionary, rather than a list, so that I can refer to the field by name rather than position. For example: bill = row['bill'] senator_id = row['senator_id'] vote = row['vote'] I know you can do this with MySQL, but does anyone know how to do it with SQLite? Thanks!!!

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  • Comment out a python code block

    - by gbarry
    Is there any mechanism to comment out large blocks of Python code? Right now the only ways I can see of commenting out code are to either start every line with a #, or to enclose the code in """ (triple quotes), except that actually makes it show up in various doc tools. Edit--After reading the answers (and referring to the "duplicate"), I have concluded the correct answer is "No". One person said so, and the rest lectured us about editors. Not a bad thing, but I feel it's important to put the answer at the top.

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  • how to get day name in datetime in python

    - by gadss
    how can I get the day name (such as : Monday, Tuesday, Wednesday, Thursday, Friday, Saturday, and Sunday) in datetime in python?... here is my code in my handlers.py from django.utils.xmlutils import SimplerXMLGenerator from piston.handler import BaseHandler from booking.models import * from django.db.models import * from piston.utils import rc, require_mime, require_extended, validate import datetime class BookingHandler(BaseHandler): allowed_method = ('GET', 'POST', 'PUT', 'DELETE') fields = ('id', 'date_select', 'product_name', 'quantity', 'price','totalcost', 'first_name', 'last_name', 'contact', 'product') model = Booking def read(self, request, id, date_select): if not self.has_model(): return rc.NOT_IMPLEMENTED try: prod = Product.objects.get(id=id) prod_quantity = prod.quantity merge = [] checkDateExist = Booking.objects.filter(date_select=date_select) if checkDateExist.exists(): entered_date = Booking.objects.values('date_select').distinct('date_select').filter(date_select=date_select)[0]['date_select'] else: entered_date = datetime.datetime.strptime(date_select, '%Y-%m-%d') entered_date = entered_date.date() delta = datetime.timedelta(days=3) target_date = entered_date - delta day = 1 for x in range(0,7): delta = datetime.timedelta(days=x+day) new_date = target_date + delta maximumProdQuantity = prod.quantity quantityReserve = Booking.objects.filter(date_select=new_date, product=prod).aggregate(Sum('quantity'))['quantity__sum'] if quantityReserve == None: quantityReserve = 0 quantityAvailable = prod_quantity - quantityReserve data1 = {'maximum_guest': maximumProdQuantity, 'available': quantityAvailable, 'date': new_date} merge.append(data1) return merge except self.model.DoesNotExist: return rc.NOT_HERE in my code: this line sets the date: for x in range(0,7): delta = datetime.timedelta(days=x+day) new_date = target_date + delta

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  • Python module seeing a full list as empty in another module

    - by Nick
    I'm working on a pygame project and have the main engine layed out. The problem is I hit a bug that I just can not seem to figure out. What happens is one module can't read a variable from another module. It's not that the variable can't be read, it just sees an empty list instead of what it really is. Instead of posting the entire source code I reproduced the bug in two small snippets that hopefully a skillful python-ist can interpret in his\her head. Code: main.py (This is the file that gets run) import screen screens = [] #A stack for all the game screens def current_screen(): #return a reference to the current screen return screens[-1] def play(): print'play called' current_screen().update() if __name__=='__main__': screens.append(screen.Screen()) play() screen.py import main class Screen: def __init__(self): print'screen made' def update(self): print main.screens #Should have a reference to itself in there Thanks!

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  • Python faster way to read fixed length fields form a file into dictionary

    - by Martlark
    I have a file of names and addresses as follows (example line) OSCAR ,CANNONS ,8 ,STIEGLITZ CIRCUIT And I want to read it into a dictionary of name and value. Here self.field_list is a list of the name, length and start point of the fixed fields in the file. What ways are there to speed up this method? (python 2.6) def line_to_dictionary(self, file_line,rec_num): file_line = file_line.lower() # Make it all lowercase return_rec = {} # Return record as a dictionary for (field_start, field_length, field_name) in self.field_list: field_data = file_line[field_start:field_start+field_length] if (self.strip_fields == True): # Strip off white spaces first field_data = field_data.strip() if (field_data != ''): # Only add non-empty fields to dictionary return_rec[field_name] = field_data # Set hidden fields # return_rec['_rec_num_'] = rec_num return_rec['_dataset_name_'] = self.name return return_rec

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  • Running a python script in background from a CGI

    - by Cagey
    I have a python CGI which runs some script in the background and shows the stdout in the html page. I run the script when the user clicks some button in the page. My problem is when the script starts running the page becomes busy and the user can't use the other client side features in the page. What I want is: The script should run in background when the user clicks the button and should notify the CGI when run is complete. Then the CGI show should the stdout of the script run. How can this be done?

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  • "painting" one array onto another using python / numpy

    - by Nate
    I'm writing a library to process gaze tracking in Python, and I'm rather new to the whole numpy / scipy world. Essentially, I'm looking to take an array of (x,y) values in time and "paint" some shape onto a canvas at those coordinates. For example, the shape might be a blurred circle. The operation I have in mind is more or less identical to using the paintbrush tool in Photoshop. I've got an interative algorithm that trims my "paintbrush" to be within the bounds of my image and adds each point to an accumulator image, but it's slow(!), and it seems like there's probably a fundamentally easier way to do this. Any pointers as to where to start looking?

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  • Iterate over a dict or list in Python

    - by Chris Dutrow
    Just wrote some nasty code that iterates over a dict or a list in Python. I have a feeling this was not the best way to go about it. The problem is that in order to iterate over a dict, this is the convention: for key in dict_object: dict_object[key] = 1 But modifying the object properties by key does not work if the same thing is done on a list: # Throws an error because the value of key is the property value, not # the list index: for key in list_object: list_object[key] = 1 The way I solved this problem was to write this nasty code: if isinstance(obj, dict): for key in obj: do_loop_contents(obj, key) elif isinstance(obj, list): for i in xrange(0, len(obj)): do_loop_contents(obj, i) def do_loop_contents(obj, key): obj[key] = 1 Is there a better way to do this? Thanks!

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  • Bash or python for changing spacing in files

    - by Werner
    Hi, I have a set of 10000 files. In all of them, the second line, looks like: AAA 3.429 3.84 so there is just one space (requirement) between AAA and the two other columns. The rest of lines on each file are completely different and correspond to 10 columns of numbers. Randomly, in around 20% of the files, and due to some errors, one gets BBB 3.429 3.84 so now there are two spaces between the first and second column. This is a big error so I need to fix it, changing from 2 to 1 space in the files where the error takes place. The first approach I thought of was to write a bash script that for each file reads the 3 values of the second line and then prints them with just one space, doing it for all the files. I wonder what do oyu think about this approach and if you could suggest something better, bashm python or someother approach. Thanks

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  • Most useful Python modules from the standard library?

    - by EOL
    I am teaching a graduate level Python class at the University of Paris, and the students need to be introduced to the standard library. I want to discuss with them about some of the most important standard modules. What modules do you think are absolute musts? Even though responses probably vary depending on your field (web programming, science, etc.), I feel that some modules are commonly needed: math, sys, re, os, os.path, logging,… and maybe: collections, struct,… What modules would you suggest I present, in a 1 or 2 hour slot?

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  • Auto enter pass phrase in case of Python ssl Client/Server

    - by rauch
    I need to create Client/Server application to send files from clients to Server. I use simple ssl sockets for that and authenticate with certificates. ms = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM) ssl_sock = ssl.wrap_socket(ms, keyfile=".../newCA/my_client.key", certfile=".../newCA/my_client.crt", server_side=0, cert_reqs=ssl.CERT_REQUIRED, ca_certs=".../newCA/CA/my-ca.crt" ) ssl_sock.connect((HOST, MPORT)) And Server side: msock = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM) self.ssl_sock = ssl.wrap_socket(msock, keyfile=".../newCA/my_server.key", certfile=".../newCA/my_server.crt", server_side=1, cert_reqs=ssl.CERT_REQUIRED, ca_certs=".../newCA/CA/my-ca.crt" ) self.ssl_sock.bind(('', self.PORT)) self.ssl_sock.listen(self.QUEUE_MAX) The problem is the following: when client tries to connect to Server, it requires Enter the pass phrase for private key for Both: for Server-side and Client-side. In Java we need to set System Property: javax.net.ssl.keyStorePassword="" and it has to be used automatically, But how is it been used in Python? I can't enter pass phrase all time the client connects.

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  • How to Redirect a Python Console output to a QTextBox

    - by krishnanunni
    Hello, I'm working on developing a GUI for the recompilation of Linux kernel. For this I need to implement 4-5 Linux commands from Python. I use Qt as GUI designer. I have successfully implemented the commands using os.system() call. But the output is obtained at the console. The real problem is the output of command is a listing that takes almost 20-25 min continuous printing. How we can transfer this console output to a text box designed in Qt. Can any one help me to implement the setSource() operation in Qt using source as the live console outputs.

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  • Python / Django : emulating a multidimensionnal layer on a mySql database

    - by Sébastien Piquemal
    Hi, I'm working on a Django project where I need to provide a lot of different visualizations on the same data (for example average of a value for each month, for each year / for a location, etc ...). I have been using OLAP database once in college, and I thought that it would fit my needs, but it appears that it is much to heavy for what I need. Actually the volume of data is not very big, so I don't need any optimization, just a way to present different visualizations of the same data without having to write 1000 times the same code. So let's recap : I need a python library : to emulate a multidimensional database (OLAP style would be nice because I think it is quite convenient : stat structure, and everything) non-intrusive, because I can't modify anything on the existing mysql database easy-to-use, because otherwise there's no point in replacing some overhead by another.

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  • Executing python subprocess via git hook

    - by aljesco
    I'm running Gitolite over the Git repository and I have post-receive hook there written in Python. I need to execute "git" command at git repository directory. There are few lines of code: proc = subprocess.Popen(['git', 'log', '-n1'], cwd='/home/git/repos/testing.git' stdout=subprocess.PIPE, stderr=subprocess.PIPE) proc.communicate() After I make new commit and push to repository, scripts executes and says fatal: Not a git repository: '.' If I run proc = subprocess.Popen(['pwd'], cwd='/home/git/repos/testing.git' stdout=subprocess.PIPE, stderr=subprocess.PIPE) it says, as expected, correct path to git repository (/home/git/repos/testing.git) If I run this script manually from bash, it works correct and show correct output of "git log". What I'm doing wrong?

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  • Generator speed in python 3

    - by Will
    Hello all, I am going through a link about generators that someone posted. In the beginning he compares the two functions below. On his setup he showed a speed increase of 5% with the generator. I'm running windows XP, python 3.1.1, and cannot seem to duplicate the results. I keep showing the "old way"(logs1) as being slightly faster when tested with the provided logs and up to 1GB of duplicated data. Can someone help me understand whats happening differently? Thanks! def logs1(): wwwlog = open("big-access-log") total = 0 for line in wwwlog: bytestr = line.rsplit(None,1)[1] if bytestr != '-': total += int(bytestr) return total def logs2(): wwwlog = open("big-access-log") bytecolumn = (line.rsplit(None,1)[1] for line in wwwlog) getbytes = (int(x) for x in bytecolumn if x != '-') return sum(getbytes)

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  • Python - Using "Google AJAX Search" API's Local Search Objects

    - by user330739
    Hi! I've just started using Google's search API to find addresses and the distances between those addresses. I used geopy for this, but, I often had the problem of not getting the correct addresses for my queries. I decided to experiment, therefore, with Google's "Local Search" (http://code.google.com/apis/ajaxsearch/local.html). Anyway, I wanted to ask if I could use the "Local Search" objects provided by the API within python. Something tells me that I can't and that I have to use json. Does anyone know if there is a work around? PS: Im trying to make something like this: http://www.google.com/uds/samples/random/lead.html ... except a matrix type deal where the insides will be filled with distances between the addresses. Thanks for reading!

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  • Mocking imported modules in Python

    - by Evgenyt
    I'm trying to implement unit tests for function that uses imported external objects. For example helpers.py is: import os import pylons def some_func(arg): ... var1 = os.path.exist(...) var2 = os.path.getmtime(...) var3 = pylons.request.environ['HTTP_HOST'] ... So when I'm creating unit test for it I do some mocking (minimock in my case) and replacing references to pylons.request and os.path: import helpers def test_some_func(): helpers.pylons.request = minimock.Mock("pylons.request") helpers.pylons.request.environ = { 'HTTP_HOST': "localhost" } helpers.os.path = minimock.Mock(....) ... some_func(...) # assert ... This does not look good for me. Is there any other better way or strategy to substitute imported function/objects in Python?

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  • Loading a DB table into nested dictionaries in Python

    - by Hossein
    Hi, I have a table in MySql DB which I want to load it to a dictionary in python. the table columns is as follows: id,url,tag,tagCount tagCount is the number of times that a tag has been repeated for a certain url. So in that case I need a nested dictionary, in other words a dictionary of dictionary, to load this table. Because each url have several tags for which there are different tagCounts.the code that I used is this:( the whole table is about 22,000 records ) cursor.execute( ''' SELECT url,tag,tagCount FROM wtp ''') urlTagCount = cursor.fetchall() d = defaultdict(defaultdict) for url,tag,tagCount in urlTagCount: d[url][tag]=tagCount print d first of all I want to know if this is correct.. and if it is why it takes so much time? Is there any faster solutions? I am loading this table into memory to have fast access to get rid of the hassle of slow database operations, but with this slow speed it has become a bottleneck itself, it is even much slower than DB access. and anyone help? thanks

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  • Most efficient way for a lookup/search in a huge list (python)

    - by user229269
    Hey guys, -- I just parsed a big file and I created a list containing 42.000 strings/words. I want to query [against this list] to check if a given word/string belongs to it. So my question is: What is the most efficient way for such a lookup? A first approach is to sort the list [list.sort()] and then just use the if word in list: print 'word' -- which is really trivial and I am sure there is a better way to do it. My goal is to apply a fast lookup that finds whether a given string is in this list or not. If you have any ideas of another data structure, they are welcome. Yet, I want to avoid for now more sophisticated data-structures like Tries etc. I am interested in hearing ideas (or tricks) about fast lookups or any other python library methods that might do the search faster than the simple 'in'. Thanks in advance!

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  • Check if Rhythmbox is running via Python

    - by cschol
    I am trying to extract information from Rhythmbox via dbus, but I only want to do so, if Rhythmbox is running. Is there a way to check if Rhythmbox is running via Python without starting it if it is not running? Whenever I invoke the dbus code like this: bus = dbus.Bus() obj = bus.get_object("org.gnome.Rhythmbox", "/org/gnome/Rhythmbox/Shell") iface = dbus.Interface(obj, "org.gnome.Rhythmbox.Shell) and Rhythmbox is not running, it then starts it. Can I check via dbus if Rhythmbox is running without actually starting it? Or is there any other way, other than parsing the list of currently running processes, to do so?

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  • Having my Python package install shortcuts in Start menu

    - by cool-RR
    I'm making a Python package that gets installed with a setup.py file using setuptools. The package includes a GUI, and when it's installed on a Windows machine, I want the installation to make a folder in "Programs" in the start menu, and make a shortcut there to a pyw script that will start the GUI. (The pyw think works on all platforms, right?) On Mac and Linux, I would like it to put this shortcut in whatever Mac and Linux have that is parallel to the start menu. How do I do this?

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  • How to change font size using the Python ImageDraw Library

    - by Eldila
    I am trying to change the font size using python's ImageDraw library. You can do something like this: fontPath = "/usr/share/fonts/dejavu-lgc/DejaVuLGCSansCondensed-Bold.ttf" sans16 = ImageFont.truetype ( fontPath, 16 ) im = Image.new ( "RGB", (200,50), "#ddd" ) draw = ImageDraw.Draw ( im ) draw.text ( (10,10), "Run awayyyy!", font=sans16, fill="red" ) The problem is that I don't want to specify a font. I want to use the default font and just change the size of the font. This seems to me that it should be simple, but I can't find documentation on how to do this.

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  • how to send data to server using python

    - by Apache
    hi experts, how data can be send to the server, for example i retrieve MAC address, so i want send to the server ( i.e 211.21.24.43:8080/data?mac=00-0C-F1-56-98-AD i found snippet from internet as below from urllib2 import Request, urlopen from binascii import b2a_base64 def b64open(url, postdata): req = Request(url, b2a_base64(postdata), headers={'Content-Transfer-Encoding': 'base64'}) return urlopen(req) conn = b64open("http://211.21.24.43:8080/data","mac=00-0C-F1-56-98-AD") but when run, File "send2.py", line 8 SyntaxError: Non-ASCII character '\xc3' in file send2.py on line 8, but no encoding declared; see http://www.python.org/peps/pep-0263.html for details can anyone help me how send data to the server thanks in advance

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  • Sending mail via sendmail from python

    - by Nate
    If I want to send mail not via SMTP, but rather via sendmail, is there a library for python that encapsulates this process? Better yet, is there a good library that abstracts the whole 'sendmail -versus- smtp' choice? I'll be running this script on a bunch of unix hosts, only some of which are listening on localhost:25; a few of these are part of embedded systems and can't be set up to accept SMTP. As part of Good Practice, I'd really like to have the library take care of header injection vulnerabilities itself -- so just dumping a string to popen('/usr/bin/sendmail', 'w') is a little closer to the metal than I'd like. If the answer is 'go write a library,' so be it ;-)

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