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• Make command in Ubuntu #linux

  - by faby

  Hello Everyone! I just recently started learning different Linux commands but I still don't understand how to use the 'make' command. Please is there anyone that understands how to use 'make'? Thanks in advance!

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• linux kernel idle tick eater (or what will be current task_struct when CPU is 0%)

  - by osgx

  Hello What process will be pointed by "current" pointer in linux kernel, when CPU load is 0% and there is no any ready-to-run process? Consider situation without any power-saving. What is the name of this porcess? I think task with pid 0 will be running and code will be rep nop or HLT

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• Compat Wireless Drivers Centrino N-2230

  - by user2699451

  So I am using linux and am having trouble installing the Compat Wireless drivers Hardware: Intel Centrino N-2230 OS: Linux Mint 64bit (kernel 13.08-generic) I followed this link http://www.mathyvanhoef.com/2012/09/compat-wireless-injection-patch-for.html Output: apt-get install linux-headers-$(uname -r) Reading package lists... Done Building dependency tree Reading state information... Done linux-headers-3.8.0-19-generic is already the newest version. 0 upgraded, 0 newly installed, 0 to remove and 19 not upgraded. charles-W55xEU compat-wireless-2010-10-16 # cd ~ charles-W55xEU ~ # dir adt-bundle-linux-x86_64-20130917.zip Desktop known_hosts_backup charles-W55xEU ~ # wget http://www.orbit-lab.org/kernel/compat-wireless-3-stable/v3.6/compat-wireless-3.6.2-1-snp.tar.bz2 --2013-10-29 10:28:23-- http://www.orbit-lab.org/kernel/compat-wireless-3-stable/v3.6/compat-wireless-3.6.2-1-snp.tar.bz2 Resolving www.orbit-lab.org (www.orbit-lab.org)... 128.6.192.131 Connecting to www.orbit-lab.org (www.orbit-lab.org)|128.6.192.131|:80... connected. HTTP request sent, awaiting response... 200 OK Length: 4443700 (4,2M) [application/x-bzip2] Saving to: ‘compat-wireless-3.6.2-1-snp.tar.bz2’ 100%[======================================>] 4 443 700 13,5KB/s in 11m 3s 2013-10-29 10:39:27 (6,55 KB/s) - ‘compat-wireless-3.6.2-1-snp.tar.bz2’ saved [4443700/4443700] charles-W55xEU ~ # tar -xf compat-wireless-3.6.2-1-snp.tar.bz2 charles-W55xEU ~ # cd compat-wireless-3.6-rc6-1 bash: cd: compat-wireless-3.6-rc6-1: No such file or directory charles-W55xEU ~ # dir adt-bundle-linux-x86_64-20130917.zip Desktop compat-wireless-3.6.2-1-snp known_hosts_backup compat-wireless-3.6.2-1-snp.tar.bz2 charles-W55xEU ~ # cd compat-wireless-3.6.2-1-snp/ charles-W55xEU compat-wireless-3.6.2-1-snp # dir code-metrics.txt defconfigs linux-next-pending pending-stable compat drivers MAINTAINERS README config.mk enable-older-kernels Makefile scripts COPYRIGHT include net udev crap linux-next-cherry-picks patches charles-W55xEU compat-wireless-3.6.2-1-snp # wget http://patches.aircrack-ng.org/mac80211.compat08082009.wl_frag+ack_v1.patch --2013-10-29 10:40:52-- http://patches.aircrack-ng.org/mac80211.compat08082009.wl_frag+ack_v1.patch Resolving patches.aircrack-ng.org (patches.aircrack-ng.org)... 213.186.33.2, 2001:41d0:1:1b00:213:186:33:2 Connecting to patches.aircrack-ng.org (patches.aircrack-ng.org)|213.186.33.2|:80... connected. HTTP request sent, awaiting response... 200 OK Length: 1049 (1,0K) [text/plain] Saving to: ‘mac80211.compat08082009.wl_frag+ack_v1.patch’ 100%[======================================>] 1 049 --.-K/s in 0s 2013-10-29 10:40:56 (180 MB/s) - ‘mac80211.compat08082009.wl_frag+ack_v1.patch’ saved [1049/1049] charles-W55xEU compat-wireless-3.6.2-1-snp # patch -p1 < mac80211.compat08082009.wl_frag+ack_v1.patch patching file net/mac80211/tx.c Hunk #1 succeeded at 792 (offset 115 lines). charles-W55xEU compat-wireless-3.6.2-1-snp # wget -Ocompatwireless_chan_qos_frag.patch http://pastie.textmate.org/pastes/4882675/download --2013-10-29 10:43:18-- http://pastie.textmate.org/pastes/4882675/download Resolving pastie.textmate.org (pastie.textmate.org)... 178.79.137.125 Connecting to pastie.textmate.org (pastie.textmate.org)|178.79.137.125|:80... connected. HTTP request sent, awaiting response... 301 Moved Permanently Location: http://pastie.org/pastes/4882675/download [following] --2013-10-29 10:43:20-- http://pastie.org/pastes/4882675/download Resolving pastie.org (pastie.org)... 96.126.119.119 Connecting to pastie.org (pastie.org)|96.126.119.119|:80... connected. HTTP request sent, awaiting response... 200 OK Length: 2036 (2,0K) [application/octet-stream] Saving to: ‘compatwireless_chan_qos_frag.patch’ 100%[======================================>] 2 036 --.-K/s in 0,001s 2013-10-29 10:43:21 (3,35 MB/s) - ‘compatwireless_chan_qos_frag.patch’ saved [2036/2036] charles-W55xEU compat-wireless-3.6.2-1-snp # patch -p1 < compatwireless_chan_qos_frag.patch patching file drivers/net/wireless/rtl818x/rtl8187/dev.c patching file net/mac80211/tx.c Hunk #1 succeeded at 1495 (offset 8 lines). patching file net/wireless/chan.c charles-W55xEU compat-wireless-3.6.2-1-snp # make ./scripts/gen-compat-autoconf.sh /root/compat-wireless-3.6.2-1-snp/.config /root/compat-wireless-3.6.2-1-snp/config.mk > include/linux/compat_autoconf.h make -C /lib/modules/3.8.0-19-generic/build M=/root/compat-wireless-3.6.2-1-snp modules make[1]: Entering directory `/usr/src/linux-headers-3.8.0-19-generic' CC [M] /root/compat-wireless-3.6.2-1-snp/compat/main.o LD [M] /root/compat-wireless-3.6.2-1-snp/compat/compat.o CC [M] /root/compat-wireless-3.6.2-1-snp/drivers/bcma/main.o In file included from /root/compat-wireless-3.6.2-1-snp/include/linux/bcma/bcma.h:8:0, from /root/compat-wireless-3.6.2-1-snp/drivers/bcma/bcma_private.h:8, from /root/compat-wireless-3.6.2-1-snp/drivers/bcma/main.c:8: /root/compat-wireless-3.6.2-1-snp/include/linux/bcma/bcma_driver_pci.h:217:23: error: expected ‘=’, ‘,’, ‘;’, ‘asm’ or ‘__attribute__’ before ‘bcma_core_pci_init’ In file included from /root/compat-wireless-3.6.2-1-snp/include/linux/bcma/bcma.h:10:0, from /root/compat-wireless-3.6.2-1-snp/drivers/bcma/bcma_private.h:8, from /root/compat-wireless-3.6.2-1-snp/drivers/bcma/main.c:8: /root/compat-wireless-3.6.2-1-snp/include/linux/bcma/bcma_driver_gmac_cmn.h:95:23: error: expected ‘=’, ‘,’, ‘;’, ‘asm’ or ‘__attribute__’ before ‘bcma_core_gmac_cmn_init’ In file included from /root/compat-wireless-3.6.2-1-snp/drivers/bcma/main.c:8:0: /root/compat-wireless-3.6.2-1-snp/drivers/bcma/bcma_private.h:25:15: error: expected ‘=’, ‘,’, ‘;’, ‘asm’ or ‘__attribute__’ before ‘bcma_bus_register’ /root/compat-wireless-3.6.2-1-snp/drivers/bcma/main.c:152:15: error: expected ‘=’, ‘,’, ‘;’, ‘asm’ or ‘__attribute__’ before ‘bcma_bus_register’ /root/compat-wireless-3.6.2-1-snp/drivers/bcma/main.c:17:21: warning: ‘bcma_bus_next_num’ defined but not used [-Wunused-variable] /root/compat-wireless-3.6.2-1-snp/drivers/bcma/main.c:93:12: warning: ‘bcma_register_cores’ defined but not used [-Wunused-function] make[3]: *** [/root/compat-wireless-3.6.2-1-snp/drivers/bcma/main.o] Error 1 make[2]: *** [/root/compat-wireless-3.6.2-1-snp/drivers/bcma] Error 2 make[1]: *** [_module_/root/compat-wireless-3.6.2-1-snp] Error 2 make[1]: Leaving directory `/usr/src/linux-headers-3.8.0-19-generic' make: *** [modules] Error 2 charles-W55xEU compat-wireless-3.6.2-1-snp # make install Warning: You may or may not need to update your initframfs, you should if any of the modules installed are part of your initramfs. To add support for your distribution to do this automatically send a patch against ./scripts/update-initramfs. If your distribution does not require this send a patch against the '/usr/bin/lsb_release -i -s': LinuxMint tag for your distribution to avoid this warning. make -C /lib/modules/3.8.0-19-generic/build M=/root/compat-wireless-3.6.2-1-snp modules make[1]: Entering directory `/usr/src/linux-headers-3.8.0-19-generic' CC [M] /root/compat-wireless-3.6.2-1-snp/drivers/bcma/main.o In file included from /root/compat-wireless-3.6.2-1-snp/include/linux/bcma/bcma.h:8:0, from /root/compat-wireless-3.6.2-1-snp/drivers/bcma/bcma_private.h:8, from /root/compat-wireless-3.6.2-1-snp/drivers/bcma/main.c:8: /root/compat-wireless-3.6.2-1-snp/include/linux/bcma/bcma_driver_pci.h:217:23: error: expected ‘=’, ‘,’, ‘;’, ‘asm’ or ‘__attribute__’ before ‘bcma_core_pci_init’ In file included from /root/compat-wireless-3.6.2-1-snp/include/linux/bcma/bcma.h:10:0, from /root/compat-wireless-3.6.2-1-snp/drivers/bcma/bcma_private.h:8, from /root/compat-wireless-3.6.2-1-snp/drivers/bcma/main.c:8: /root/compat-wireless-3.6.2-1-snp/include/linux/bcma/bcma_driver_gmac_cmn.h:95:23: error: expected ‘=’, ‘,’, ‘;’, ‘asm’ or ‘__attribute__’ before ‘bcma_core_gmac_cmn_init’ In file included from /root/compat-wireless-3.6.2-1-snp/drivers/bcma/main.c:8:0: /root/compat-wireless-3.6.2-1-snp/drivers/bcma/bcma_private.h:25:15: error: expected ‘=’, ‘,’, ‘;’, ‘asm’ or ‘__attribute__’ before ‘bcma_bus_register’ /root/compat-wireless-3.6.2-1-snp/drivers/bcma/main.c:152:15: error: expected ‘=’, ‘,’, ‘;’, ‘asm’ or ‘__attribute__’ before ‘bcma_bus_register’ /root/compat-wireless-3.6.2-1-snp/drivers/bcma/main.c:17:21: warning: ‘bcma_bus_next_num’ defined but not used [-Wunused-variable] /root/compat-wireless-3.6.2-1-snp/drivers/bcma/main.c:93:12: warning: ‘bcma_register_cores’ defined but not used [-Wunused-function] make[3]: *** [/root/compat-wireless-3.6.2-1-snp/drivers/bcma/main.o] Error 1 make[2]: *** [/root/compat-wireless-3.6.2-1-snp/drivers/bcma] Error 2 make[1]: *** [_module_/root/compat-wireless-3.6.2-1-snp] Error 2 make[1]: Leaving directory `/usr/src/linux-headers-3.8.0-19-generic' make: *** [modules] Error 2 charles-W55xEU compat-wireless-3.6.2-1-snp # It keeps giving errors, same with other sites, I get the same errors??? I am lost, help needed

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• Windows 8 with LiveID login authenticates as Guest to remote SQl Server

  - by Tim Long

  I have a network where several users are using Office Accounting 2009 in multi-user client/server mode. OA is built on SQL Server. One PC acts as the 'server' and has the SQl Server instance, the others have only the application installed and no SQL instance, all of the apps connect remotely to the SQL instance on the 'server'. I'm using the term 'server' loosely here, it is just a normal workstation that happens to be designated as the server and runs the SQL instance. There is no NT domain, all user accounts are local accounts. The way that OA works in multi-user mode is that each user is required to have a local account with the same username and password on both the client and 'server' PCs. This has been working well, no along comes Windows 8. I use my 'Microsoft Account' aka LiveID to log into Windows 8. Office Accounting runs fine and attempts to connect to the database, but fails, 'you do not have permission to perform this operation'. In the SQL logs, I get this error: 2012-10-28 17:54:01.32 Logon Error: 18456, Severity: 14, State: 11. 2012-10-28 17:54:01.32 Logon Login failed for user 'SERVER\Guest'. Reason: Token-based server access validation failed with an infrastructure SERVER is the hostname of the server. So it seems to be authenticating as 'Guest'?? To verify this, I enabled the Guest account on the 'server' PC and then added Guest as an allowed user within Office Accounting (this simply creates the user in SQL and gives it an appropriate database role). Sure enough, My Windows 8 PC was then able to connect to the database when using Office Accounting. Clearly, having users authenticate as 'Guest' stinks from a security and auditing standpoint. So what I need are some ideas for how to work around this. I've tried switching the Windows 8 PC to a 'local account' and that works too, but requires giving up significant functionality on the Windows 8 PC. What I really need is a way to force the Windows 8 PC to use a specific set of credentials when connecting to the remote SQL instance. Office Accounting takes the logged in username, which is my LiveID and doesn't correspond to any Windows user name. Anyone solved this issue?

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• How do I change a VMWare 1.x server's guest boot order?

  - by bo gusman

  I have 4 VMs on a Linux host, call them A, B, C, D running on Z. I really don't care when A and B come up, but I would like to make sure that D comes up before C. I believe that in VMWare 2.x it's possible to change the boot order. Is this possible in 1.x as well? Is this done in /etc/vmware/vm-list? I see that there are a number of VMs listed there, including some that have long since been deleted.

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• Suspected network performance issue on VirtualBox Ubuntu guest on Win7 host

  - by Adam

  I set up Ubuntu 12.04 in VirtualBox on the Win7 machine I was allocated on my new project. I am running Java, Eclipse, Tomcat to develop a large data-intensive application and I noticed that this application runs at half the speed of my colleague's identical machine, where he runs it all under Windows. I think I have narrowed down the performance issue to the network, after comparing and equalising all the Java VM settings with my colleague. Is there a ping test I can do or some other network diagnostic test to flag up any problems? To give some background, the network performance is confusing. Running a network speed test to my colleague's machine with iperf shows speeds of 6 Mb/s from my Ubuntu guest, and 90 Mb/s from the win7 host. Large downloads, e.g. the Java SDK, come down at about 1.2 MB/s on both the guest and the host. Pings are sub-1ms on the host, but 1.5ms on the guest. I also did a broadband speed test, and got 10Mb/s download speed on both, but the host has an upload speed of 10Mb/s but the guest only uploads at 3Mb/s. I've been trying to diagnose any MTU problems with ping -M do to identify any kind of packet fragmentation problem but it's progressing very slow because I don't have much experience in this area. From what I read on other people's networking issues with VB and Linux guests on Win7 hosts, I should be able to get the speed on the guest up to the same level as the host. I installed a fresh VM with Ubuntu again to see if I'd foobar'd it somehow, but I'm getting the same readings with iperf on the virgin installation. My setup is: Adapter 1: Intel PRO/1000 MT Desktop (NAT) Adapter 2: ditto (host-only adapter) eth0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 08:00:27:0b:76:bf inet addr:10.0.2.15 Bcast:10.0.2.255 Mask:255.255.255.0 inet6 addr: fe80::a00:27ff:fe0b:76bf/64 Scope:Link UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1 RX packets:86236 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:49369 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000 RX bytes:69163946 (69.1 MB) TX bytes:3530535 (3.5 MB) eth2 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 08:00:27:a3:26:b8 inet addr:192.168.56.101 Bcast:192.168.56.255 Mask:255.255.255.0 inet6 addr: fe80::a00:27ff:fea3:26b8/64 Scope:Link UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1 RX packets:59 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:57 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000 RX bytes:9148 (9.1 KB) TX bytes:7648 (7.6 KB) lo Link encap:Local Loopback inet addr:127.0.0.1 Mask:255.0.0.0 inet6 addr: ::1/128 Scope:Host UP LOOPBACK RUNNING MTU:16436 Metric:1 RX packets:701 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:701 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:0 RX bytes:66321 (66.3 KB) TX bytes:66321 (66.3 KB)

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• installing xuggler java libraries in Tomcat on Linux

  - by Dilip Shah

  I'm trying to install xuggler Java libraries in Tomcat (version 5.5) on fedora-release-7-3 Should I install the binaries available for download on xuggler website or build my own (http://www.xuggle.com/xuggler/downloads/build.jsp)? I took the easy step first and installed the readymade binaries downloaded from http://www.xuggle.com/xuggler/downloads/ in usr/local/xuggler folder on my Linux server and then copied the jar files from share/java/jars folder to Tomcat's $CATALINA_HOME/shared/lib directory (as recommended by http://wiki.xuggle.com/Frequently_Asked_Questions#I_get_an_.22UnsatisfiedLinkError.22_when_I_run_Xuggler-based_Applications_in_Tomcat These are some 6 .jar files, including xuggle-xuggler.jar After restarting Tomcat, I'm still getting "java.lang.UnsatisfiedLinkError: no xuggle-xuggler in java.library.path" exception when my Java code attempts to invoke some xuggler method such as the one to find video duration of an flv file. What am I doing wrong? Any help is very much appreciated!

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• Linux Kernel Module - Creating proc file - proc_root undeclared error

  - by Zach

  I copy and paste code from this URL for creating and reading/writing a proc file using a kernel module and get the error that proc_root is undeclared. This same example is on a few sites so I assume it works. Any ideas why I'd get this error? Does my makefile need something different. Below is my makefile as well: Example code for a basic proc file creation (direct copy and paste to get initial test done): http://tldp.org/LDP/lkmpg/2.6/html/lkmpg.html#AEN769 Makefile I'm using: obj-m := counter.o KDIR := /MY/LINUX/SRC PWD := $(shell pwd) default: $(MAKE) ARCH=um -C $(KDIR) SUBDIRS=$(PWD) modules

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• linux pthread_suspend

  - by johnnycrash

  Looks like linux doesnt implement pthread_suspend and continue, but I really need em. I have tried cond_wait, but it is too slow. The work being threaded mostly executes in 50us but occasionally executes upwards of 500ms. The problem with cond_wait is two-fold. The mutex locking is taking comparable times to the micro second executions and I don't need locking. Second, I have many worker threads and I don't really want to make N condition variables when they need to be woken up. I know exactly which thread is waiting for which work and could just pthread_continue that thread. A thread knows when there is no more work and can easily pthread_suspend itself. This would use no locking, avoid the stampede, and be faster. Problem is....no pthread_suspend or _continue. Any ideas?

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• Transparent Proxy for IPv6 traffic under Linux

  - by Jerub

  When maintaining networks, it is often an expedient thing to do to run a transparent proxy. By transparent proxy I mean a proxy that 'hijacks' outgoing connections and runs them through a local service. Specifically I run a linux firewall with squid configured so that all tcp/ip connections fowarded on port 80 are proxied by squid. This is achived using the iptables 'nat' table, using IPv4. But iptables for IPv6 does not have a 'nat' table, so I cannot use the same implementation. What is a technique I can use to transparently proxy traffic for IPv6 connections? (this question has still not been answered adequately yet, a year on)

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• security issue of Linux sudo command?

  - by George2

  Hello everyone, 1. I am using Red Hat Enterprise 5 Linux box. I find if a user is in /etc/sudoers file, then if the user run command with sudo, the user will run this command with root privilege (without knowing root password, the user runs sudo only need to input the user's own password in order to run a command with sudo). Is that correct understanding? 2. If yes, then is it a security hole? Since users other than root could run with root privilege? thanks in advance, George

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• linux: disable using loopback and send data via wire between 2 eth cards of one comp

  - by osgx

  Hello I have a comp with 2 eth cards, connected with patch-cord (direct eth. cable from 1st to 2nd). The linux is installed, I want to send data from 1st network card to 2nd. And I want to force the packet to pass via cable. I can set up any ip on cards. With ping I get counters on cards constant. Is it possible with tcp/ip sockets? PS. I need to write a program. which will send packets via eth, so stackoverflow-related question. There can be some OS-dependent way, they will help me too

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• Detect block size for quota in Linux

  - by Chen Levy

  The limit placed on disk quota in Linux is counted in blocks. However, I found no reliable way to determine the block size. Tutorials I found refer to block size as 512 bytes, and sometimes as 1024 bytes. I got confused reading a post on LinuxForum.org for what a block size really means. So I tried to find that meaning in the context of quota. I found a "Determine the block size on hard disk filesystem for disk quota" tip on NixCraft, that suggested the command: dumpe2fs /dev/sdXN | grep -i 'Block size' or blockdev --getbsz /dev/sdXN But on my system those commands returned 4096, and when I checked the real quota block size on the same system, I got a block size of 1024 bytes. Is there a scriptable way to determine the quota block size on a device, short of creating a known sized file, and checking it's quota usage?

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• SSL_CTX_use_PrivateKey_file fail on Linux (part 2)

  - by Fredrik Ullner

  For some reason, my calls to OpenSSL's SSL_CTX_use_PrivateKey_file have started to fail (again) on Ubuntu. My previous post concerning this function; http://stackoverflow.com/questions/2028862/ssl-ctx-use-privatekey-file-fail-under-linux With the above fix, I have been able to use things fine until a couple of days ago. I have no idea why. The error string I'm now getting is error:140B0009:SSL routines:SSL_CTX_use_PrivateKey_file:PEM lib with 336265225 as error code. What is the problem? Additional info: The file passed to the function exist (SSL_CTX_use_certificate_file is passed the same file). The code in the callback function for the password is also not called (at least apparantly not according to the debugger). Everything works fine on Windows.

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• Java sound doesn't work under Linux

  - by Cliff

  Help! I'm getting frustrated by the individual hoops I have to go through to eek sound out of my speakers when running Java apps on Linux platforms! I just installed Fedora 12 and after downloading and running the Java Sound Demo I get exceptions. If I run just a vanilla Java program that plays a wav file it runs silently with no sound and no exceptions. Every other app seems to play sound. I also took some advice from this thread in the Ubuntu forums which almost seemed to work. (Installing aoss got rid of the initial exceptions in the sound demo but I still hear nothing when I play.) can somebody help me figure out what's wrong?

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• handle SIGSEGV in Linux?

  - by user303967

  Hi all, I need handle the SIGSEGV in my Linux app. The reason is some clean up(3-partry lib) must be done before generate core-dump. What is more, the clean up must be performed in the context of calling thread, cannot do in signal handler. So I plan in signal handler to pass the control to the calling thread, after the clean up finished, then use raise(SIGSEGV) to generate the core-dump. The real problem seems the signal_handler cannot pass the control to calling thread, no matter I use post_sem or some others. Any idea to handle this case? Possbile to hijack the SIGSEGV, then in SIGSEGV hander return to another thread to perform some clean up? signal(SIGSEGV, signal_handler); signal_handler() { ... post_sem(); ... } calling thread() { wait_sem(); clean_up(); ... }

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• Installing a Python program on Linux

  - by Honza Pokorny

  I wrote a Python program. I would like to add to it an installation script that will set up everything necessary - like desktop icon, entry in the menu, home directory file, etc. I'm working on Linux (ubuntu). When a Python program is installed, what needs to happen in general? I know that it probably depends on the nature of the program. Can you give me some general ideas? Or, point me in the right direction? I have no idea how to look for this on Google. Thanks

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• Linux Kernel - programmatically retrieve block numbers as they are written to

  - by SpdStr

  I want to maintain a list of block numbers as they are physically written to using the linux kernel source. I plan to modify the kernel source to do this. I just need to find the structure and functions in the kernel source that handle writing to physical partitions and get the block numbers as they write to the physical partition. Any way of doing this? Any help is appreciated. If I can find where the kernel is actually writing to the partitions and returning the block numbers, that'd work.

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• linux thread synchronization

  - by johnnycrash

  I am new to linux and linux threads. I have spent some time googling to try to understand the differences between all the functions available for thread synchronization. I still have some questions. I have found all of these different types of synchronizations, each with a number of functions for locking, unlocking, testing the lock, etc. gcc atomic operations futexes mutexes spinlocks seqlocks rculocks conditions semaphores My current (but probably flawed) understanding is this: semaphores are process wide, involve the filesystem (virtually I assume), and are probably the slowest. Futexes might be the base locking mechanism used by mutexes, spinlocks, seqlocks, and rculocks. Futexes might be faster than the locking mechanisms that are based on them. Spinlocks dont block and thus avoid context swtiches. However they avoid the context switch at the expense of consuming all the cycles on a CPU until the lock is released (spinning). They should only should be used on multi processor systems for obvious reasons. Never sleep in a spinlock. The seq lock just tells you when you finished your work if a writer changed the data the work was based on. You have to go back and repeat the work in this case. Atomic operations are the fastest synch call, and probably are used in all the above locking mechanisms. You do not want to use atomic operations on all the fields in your shared data. You want to use a lock (mutex, futex, spin, seq, rcu) or a single atomic opertation on a lock flag when you are accessing multiple data fields. My questions go like this: Am I right so far with my assumptions? Does anyone know the cpu cycle cost of the various options? I am adding parallelism to the app so we can get better wall time response at the expense of running fewer app instances per box. Performances is the utmost consideration. I don't want to consume cpu with context switching, spinning, or lots of extra cpu cycles to read and write shared memory. I am absolutely concerned with number of cpu cycles consumed. Which (if any) of the locks prevent interruption of a thread by the scheduler or interrupt...or am I just an idiot and all synchonization mechanisms do this. What kinds of interruption are prevented? Can I block all threads or threads just on the locking thread's CPU? This question stems from my fear of interrupting a thread holding a lock for a very commonly used function. I expect that the scheduler might schedule any number of other workers who will likely run into this function and then block because it was locked. A lot of context switching would be wasted until the thread with the lock gets rescheduled and finishes. I can re-write this function to minimize lock time, but still it is so commonly called I would like to use a lock that prevents interruption...across all processors. I am writing user code...so I get software interrupts, not hardware ones...right? I should stay away from any functions (spin/seq locks) that have the word "irq" in them. Which locks are for writing kernel or driver code and which are meant for user mode? Does anyone think using an atomic operation to have multiple threads move through a linked list is nuts? I am thinking to atomicly change the current item pointer to the next item in the list. If the attempt works, then the thread can safely use the data the current item pointed to before it was moved. Other threads would now be moved along the list. futexes? Any reason to use them instead of mutexes? Is there a better way than using a condition to sleep a thread when there is no work? When using gcc atomic ops, specifically the test_and_set, can I get a performance increase by doing a non atomic test first and then using test_and_set to confirm? *I know this will be case specific, so here is the case. There is a large collection of work items, say thousands. Each work item has a flag that is initialized to 0. When a thread has exclusive access to the work item, the flag will be one. There will be lots of worker threads. Any time a thread is looking for work, they can non atomicly test for 1. If they read a 1, we know for certain that the work is unavailable. If they read a zero, they need to perform the atomic test_and_set to confirm. So if the atomic test_and_set is 500 cpu cycles because it is disabling pipelining, causes cpu's to communicate and L2 caches to flush/fill .... and a simple test is 1 cycle .... then as long as I had a better ratio of 500 to 1 when it came to stumbling upon already completed work items....this would be a win.* I hope to use mutexes or spinlocks to sparilngly protect sections of code that I want only one thread on the SYSTEM (not jsut the CPU) to access at a time. I hope to sparingly use gcc atomic ops to select work and minimize use of mutexes and spinlocks. For instance: a flag in a work item can be checked to see if a thread has worked it (0=no, 1=yes or in progress). A simple test_and_set tells the thread if it has work or needs to move on. I hope to use conditions to wake up threads when there is work. Thanks!

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• need help with installing shared libraries on linux

  - by naiquevin

  Hi, I am new to linux and trying to get the Ajax Push engine server to work on Ubuntu 9.04. I installed the server from source it fails the check that it does by using its own javascript framework. The problem is that it fails to load the modules and the output that i get in the terminal when i start it is. [Module] Failed to load ../modules/lib/libmod_spidermonkey.so [Invalid library] (libmysac.so.0.0: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory) i thought i had to install mysac lib as a shared lib, so after some searching i copied the libmysac.so to /usr/local/lib/ and upon running ldconfig there it created the symlink. But still it gived the same error. Now I copied the libmod_spidermonkey.so in the shared lib dir. But this time ldconfig did not create any symlinks. I am really confused and looking for some pointers . Please help

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• Configuration files for C in linux

  - by James

  Hi, I have an executable that run time should take configuration parameters from a script file. This way I dont need to re-compile the code for every configuration change. Right now I have all the configuration values in a .h file. Everytime I change it i need to re-compile. The platform is C, gcc under Linux. What is the best solution for this problem? I looked up on google and so XML, phthon and Lua bindings for C. Is using a separate scripting language the best approach? If so, which one would you recommend for my need? Thanks

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• Switching to Linux for Windows development, bad idea?

  - by krebstar

  I was contemplating switching to Linux for C++ development, coming from a Windows environment. Is this a bad idea? My workplace uses Windows and Visual Studio for our projects (some C# and java too, but right now I'm only developing in C++). If they decide to put me on a C# project, would development still possible (mono?)? What are the difficulties in this sort of transition? Would I have a problem working on their projects and vice versa? I read somewhere that there'd be problems with precompiled headers and such (we do use them), and encodings (tabs/spaces, line endings, etc).. If it's not too hard to do this switch, how do I get started? IDE? vim+make? Thanks. By the way, we make MOSTLY windows software.. EDIT: Thanks guys, I guess that makes sense..

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• Programmatic resource monitoring per process in Linux

  - by tuxx

  Hi, I want to know if there is an efficient solution to monitor a process resource consumption (cpu, memory, network bandwidth) in Linux. I want to write a daemon in C++ that does this monitoring for some given PIDs. From what I know, the classic solution is to periodically read the information from /proc, but this doesn't seem the most efficient way (it involves many system calls). For example to monitor the memory usage every second for 50 processes, I have to open, read and close 50 files (that means 150 system calls) every second from /proc. Not to mention the parsing involved when reading these files. Another problem is the network bandwidth consumption: this cannot be easily computed for each process I want to monitor. The solution adopted by NetHogs involves a pretty high overhead in my opinion: it captures and analyzes every packet using libpcap, then for each packet the local port is determined and searched in /proc to find the corresponding process. Do you know if there are more efficient alternatives to these methods presented or any libraries that deal with this problems?

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• Block All Keyboard Input in a Linux Application (Using Qt or Mono)

  - by Evans

  Hi, I'm working on a online quiz client where we use a dedicated custom-made linux distro which contains only the quiz client software along with text editors and other utility software. When the user has started the quiz, I want to prevent him/her from minimizing the window/closing it/switching to the desktop or other windows. The quizzes can be attempted using only the mouse, so I need the keyboard to be completed disabled for the period of the quiz. How could I do this, using Qt or Mono? I'm ready to use any low-level libraries/drivers, if required. Thanks Evans

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• nested page-faulting of user-space address in Linux

  - by shankar

  Hi, I would like to know if it is functionally wrong to page-fault a user-space address when kernel is running fault-handler to bring in a user-page. OS is Linux 2.6.30 Assume that both user-addresses are valid ( falling within vma , rw permission ) for the task. When I check the kernel code, i find that the kernel does not mind the nested fault if the faulted-addresses are valid and the fault did not occur in atomic-context or in irq handler. (I dont think the answer is cpu-specific, but I would add that i am interested in arm and mips ). eg : The scenario can happen if I print stack-data from page-fault handler. thanks shankar

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