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• Why is my computer using so much ram?

  - by Ian

  I have 16gb of ram installed in my computer, and nearly 70% of it is used at all times. Looking at the processes in task manager the memory being used with everything in there doesn't even add up to 2gb. I have RAPID mode enabled on my ssd which may be using 2gb at most so I would understand that. I am thinking there might be a memory leak somewhere, but I don't really know how I would be able to tell. My performance and process list is below:

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• mod_pagespeed using up too many resources?

  - by OC2PS

  I have found several threads from 2010 and early-2011 talking about excessive resource usage by mod_pagespeed I haven't seen any recent ones. I am facing excessive memory usage, which is causing server to crash several times a day. I am wondering if the issue was ever fixed before mod_pagespeed 1.0 was released. Also, request any tips and suggestion on how to fix the issue. My server configuration: 4 quad-core processors (likely oversold) 3GB memory Xen Centos 6 64-bit Apache cPanel PHP mySQL

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• Would it be better to have 10 GB PC5300 or 8 GB PC PC6400?

  - by jayrdub

  My development machine is heavy on memory usage. It currently only has 4GB of PC5300. I'm going to buy 8 GB of RAM, but should I take out all my existing memory and install just PC6400 or leave some of the original and stick with 5300? I don't know if I'll ever need more than 8GB, I might, I'm just wondering if the speed difference between 5300 and 6400 is worth trashing the 2 or 3 GB of old RAM I would still have room for after adding the new RAM.

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• Would it be better to have 10 GB PC5300 or 8 GB PC6400?

  - by jayrdub

  My development machine is heavy on memory usage. It currently only has 4GB of PC5300. I'm going to buy 8 GB of RAM, but should I take out all my existing memory and install just PC6400 or leave some of the original and stick with 5300? I don't know if I'll ever need more than 8GB, I might, I'm just wondering if the speed difference between 5300 and 6400 is worth trashing the 2 or 3 GB of old RAM I would still have room for after adding the new RAM.

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• Would it be better to have 10 GB PC5300 or 8 GB PC6400?

  - by jayrdub

  My development machine is heavy on memory usage. It currently only has 4GB of PC5300. I'm going to buy 8 GB of RAM, but should I take out all my existing memory and install just PC6400 or leave some of the original and stick with 5300? I don't know if I'll ever need more than 8GB, I might, I'm just wondering if the speed difference between 5300 and 6400 is worth trashing the 2 or 3 GB of old RAM I would still have room for after adding the new RAM.

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• SQLS Timeouts - High Reads in Profiler

  - by lb01

  Hi I've audited a SQLS2008 server with Profiler for one day.. the overhead didn't seem to trouble this new client my company has. They are using a legacy VB6 application as a front-end. They're experiencing timeouts once SQLS RAM usage is high. The server is currently running x64 sqls2008 on a VM with nearly 9 GB of RAM. SQL Server's 'max server memory option' is currently set to 6GB. I've put the results of the trace in a table and queried them using this query. SELECT TextData, ApplicationName, Reads FROM [TraceWednesday] WHERE textdata is not null and EventClass = 12 GROUP BY TextData, ApplicationName, Reads ORDER BY Reads DESC As I expected, some values are very high. Top Reads, in pages. 2504188 1965910 1445636 1252433 1239108 1210153 1088580 1072725 Am I correct in thinking that the top one (2504188 pages) is 20033504 KB, which then is roughly ~20'000 MB, 20GB? These queries are often executed and can take quite some time to run. Eventually RAM is used up because of the cache fattening, and timeouts occur once SQL cannot 'splash' pages in the buffer pool as much. Costs go up. Am I correct in my understanding? I've read that I should tune the associated T-SQL and create appropriate indices. Obviously cutting down the I/O would make SQL Server use less RAM. OR, maybe it might just slow down the process of chewing up the whole RAM. If a lot less pages are read, maybe it'll all run much better even when usage is high? (less time swapping, etc.) Currently, our only option is to restart SQL once a week when RAM usage is high, suddenly the timeouts disappear. SQL breathes again. I'm sure lots of DBAs have been in this situation.. I'm asking before I start digging out all of the bad T-SQL and put indices here and there, is there is something else I can do? Any advice except from what I know (not much yet..) Much appreciated. Leo.

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• "Cannot allocate memory " error whle copying data from window to ubuntu

  - by John

  I have Ubuntu 9.10 installed inside VM of server 2008. WHen i try to copy the data from the network and paste insid ethe Ubuntu it says error called "Cannot allocate memory " I have 3GB RAM attached to the Ubuntu I tried above suggestion but still im unbale to copy file from my host machine i.e. Windows XP to my Ubuntu machine ( which is at Virtual Machine) Im trying to copy jdk-1_5_0_22-linux-i586.bin file whose size is 47.4 MB Is there any other work around for this problem???? I tried Set the following registry key to ’1': HKLM\SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Control\Session Manager\Memory Management\LargeSystemCache and set the following registry key to ’3': HKLM\SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Services\LanmanServer\Parameters\Size but still im unbale to copy file from my host machine i.e. Windows XP to my Ubuntu machine ( which is at Virtual Machine) Im trying to copy jdk-1_5_0_22-linux-i586.bin file whose size is 47.4 MB Is there any other work around for this problem????

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• SQL Express 2008 R2 on Amazon EC2 instance: tons of free memory, poor performance

  - by gravyface

  The old SQL Express 2005 was running on a low-end single Xeon CPU Dell server, RAID 5 7200 disks, 2 GB RAM (SBS 2003). I have not done any baseline measurements on the old physical server, but the Web app is used by half a dozen people (maybe 2 concurrently), so I figured "how bad can an Amazon EC2 instance be?". It's pretty horrible: a difference of 8 seconds of load time on one screen. First of all, I'm not a SQL guru, but here's what I've tried: Had a Small Instance, now running a c1.medium (High Cpu Medium) Windows 2008 32-bit R2 EBS-backed instance running IIS 7.5 and SQL Express 2008 R2. No noticeable improvement. Changed Page File from fixed 256 to Automatic. Setup a Striped Mirror from within Disk Management with two attached 1 GB EBS volumes. Moved database and transaction log, left everything else on the boot EBS volume. No noticeable change. Looked at memory, ~1000 MB of physical memory free (1.7 GB total). Changed SQL instance to use a minimum of 1024 RAM; restarted server, no change in memory usage. SQL still only using ~28MB of RAM(!). So I'm thinking: this database is tiny (28MB), why isn't the whole thing cached in RAM? Surely that would speed up performance. The transaction log is 241 MB. Seems kind of large in comparison -- has this not been committed? Is it a cause of performance degradation? I recall something about Recovery Models and log sizes somewhere in my travels, but not positive. Another thing: the old server was running SQL Express 2005. Not sure if that has any impact, but I tried changing the compatibility level from SQL 2000 to 2008, but that had no effect. Anyways, what else can I try here? Seems ridiculous to throw more virtual hardware at this thing. I know I/O is going to be rough on EBS volumes, but surely others are successfully running small .NET/SQL apps on reasonably priced instances?

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• UIScrollView with pages enabled and device rotation/orientation changes (MADNESS)

  - by jbrennan

  I'm having a hard time getting this right. I've got a UIScrollView, with paging enabled. It is managed by a view controller (MainViewController) and each page is managed by a PageViewController, its view added as a subview of the scrollView at the proper offset. Scrolling is left-right, for standard orientation iPhone app. Works well. Basically exactly like the sample provided by Apple and also like the Weather app provided with the iPhone. However, when I try to support other orientations, things don't work very well. I've supported every orientation in both MainViewController and PageViewController with this method: - (BOOL)shouldAutorotateToInterfaceOrientation:(UIInterfaceOrientation)interfaceOrientation { return YES; } However, when I rotate the device, my pages become quite skewed, and there are lots of drawing glitches, especially if only some of the pages have been loaded, then I rotate, then scroll more, etc... Very messy. I've told my views to support auto-resizing with theView.autoresizingMask = UIViewAutoresizingFlexibleWidth | UIViewAutoresizingFlexibleHeight; But to no avail. It seems to just stretch and distort my views. In my MainViewController, I added this line in an attempt to resize all my pages' views: - (void)didRotateFromInterfaceOrientation:(UIInterfaceOrientation)fromInterfaceOrientation { self.scrollView.contentSize = CGSizeMake(self.scrollView.frame.size.width * ([self.viewControllers count]), self.scrollView.frame.size.height); for (int i = 0; i < [self.viewControllers count]; i++) { PageViewController *controller = [self.viewControllers objectAtIndex:i]; if ((NSNull *)controller == [NSNull null]) continue; NSLog(@"Changing frame: %d", i); CGRect frame = self.scrollView.frame; frame.origin.x = frame.size.width * i; frame.origin.y = 0; controller.view.frame = frame; } } But it didn't help too much (because I lazily load the views, so not all of them are necessarily loaded when this executes). Is there any way to solve this problem?

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• Permission denied: .hg\store\lock

  - by harpo

  This smells like a serverfault question, yet there are many similar questions here. Your call. I'm setting up Mercurial over IIS6, and thanks to a number of detailed blogs, it's working fine — almost. I can browse and clone the repositories fine, but this is what happens when I try to push: D:\sample2>hg push pushing to http://localhost/hg/sample2 searching for changes abort: HTTP Error 500: Permission denied: .hg\store\lock First of all, there is no such file or folder. Second, the App Pool's logon has total permission on the repository's parent directory, with these inherited ad infinitum. The repository is located on another logical drive (on the same machine), and if I push to it directly, that also works: D:\sample2>hg push e:\hg\sample2 pushing to e:\hg\sample2 searching for changes adding changesets adding manifests adding file changes added 1 changesets with 1 changes to 1 files If I change the password in my hgrc, the message indicates a failed authorization, so I believe that's working. I've been fighting this for a couple of days, so any leads would be helpful. Thanks!

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• jQuery document.ready + Asp.Net ContentPlaceholder cause Visual Studio intellisence problems

  - by Konstantin

  Hi! I want to execute JavaScript when document is ready without much syntax overhead. The idea is to use Site.Master and ContentPlaceholder: <script type="text/javascript"> $(document).ready(function () { <asp:ContentPlaceHolder ID="OnReadyScript" runat="server" /> }); </script> and in inherited pages just write plain code: <asp:Content ID="Content3" ContentPlaceHolderID="OnReadyScript" runat="server"> $("#Login").focus(); </asp:Content> It works fine but Visual Studio complains and gives warnings. Warning in master page is Expected expression at the line <asp:ContentPlaceHolder. In inherited pages warning is Could not find 'OnReadyScript' in the current master page or pages. I tried using Writer.Write in master page to render script tag and wrapping code: <% Writer.Write(@"<script type=""text/javascript"">$(document).ready(function () {"); %> <asp:ContentPlaceHolder ID="OnReadyScrit" runat="server" /> <% Writer.Write(@"});"); %> but page rendering terminates after opening script tag is rendered. Html basically ends with <script type="text/javascript"> How can I make it work?

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• Word Macros Problem: MsgBox function appears to lock all open windows of word

  - by amby

  I have some Macros that run in Word. We are migrating to Office 2007. Problem: the MsgBox function appears to lock all open windows of word. Any Ideas on how to get around that? (It is a macro that walks a user through a bunch of prompts for information that they enter into user forms and or MsgBoxes.) The error says: The command cannot be completed because a dialog box is open. Click OK then close all open dialog boxes to continue. Is there any way to have each window of word act independently of each other? The problem is that the information is frequently cut and pasted from other open word documents, and this doesn't work as the MsgBox locks control of ALL windows of Word 2007. The macros are pretty simple, but if you want to see the code, I will certainly post it. Basically, the old version of office let you go between windows, while 2007, that we are migrating to does not. I have run all the updates I could find. Any help would be greatly appreciated.

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• Design Pattern for error handling in ASP.NET 3.5 site

  - by Kevin

  I am relatively new to ASP.NET programming, and web programming in general. We have a site we recently ported from .NET 1.1 to 3.5. Currently we have two methods of error handling: either catching the error during data load on a page and displaying the formatted error in a label on the page, or redirecting to a generic error page. Both of these are somewhat annoying, as right now I'm trying to redesign how our errors are displayed. We are soon moving to Master pages, and I'm wondering if there is a way to "build in" an error handling control. What I mean by this is using a ASP.NET user control I've designed that simply gets passed the error string returned from the server. If an error occurs, the page would not display the content, and instead display the error control. This provides us with the ability to retain the current banner/navigation during an error (which we don't get with the generic error page), as well as keeping me from having to add the control to every aspx page we have (which I have to do with using the label-per-page system). Does something like this make sense? Ultimately I just want to have the error control added to a single page, and all other pages have access to it directly. Is this something Master pages help with? Thanks!

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• Showing an array of certain pages with WP_Query in Wordpress

  - by Ragnar

  What I'm trying to achieve is showing only certain pages in a loop. 3 certain pages, not more, not less. I've tried many things but I just can't complete it. <?php $special_tabs = new WP_Query(array('post_type' => 'page', 'post_in' => array(100,102,104))); ?> What this does, from what I understand, is that it shows an array of pages and then includes those ID's there as well. <?php $special_tabs = new WP_Query(array ('page_id' => 100)); ?> And this shows only ONE certain page, it doesn't support the showing of array of different IDs. I'm sure I am not the first person to have such specific needs and I'm certain there is a relatively simple way to achieve what I'm trying to achieve, but I just can't come up with a solution or to find one. Can anybody please help me with this? Many thanks in advance!

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• Helping Rails Newbies identify version-specific information on web pages

  - by corprew

  I am trying to help some people getting started programming on rails identify which version that advice found on web pages corresponds to, and am seeking advice and/or guides on how to do it so they don't have to rely on me and/or waste time trying outdated advice. Narrative: I am helping some people get up to speed on rails development, and their stock response to running into problems is searching google for advice. They're using 2.3.5 and thinking of moving to 3. The problem they're running into is that there's a lot of advice out there specific to older rails versions (2.2 for example being popular) that isn't identified. I can usually figure out when the pages are old pretty easily, but they can't (yet.) It seems like random web page authors don't identify which version they're using when they're using the current version, and not all pages are dated. This seems to be a general problem that will get worse -- current unadorned advice is usually 2.3.5 and older unadorned advice is 2.2.x at this point, but people are moving / will be moving to version 3 over the next while and newbies will be stuck looking at a bunch of deprecated/incompatible 2.3.x advice without realizing which version it is. Any advice / pointers / telltales?

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• Seperate html pages for each screen in Jquery mobile

  - by vrs

  I am newbie to Jquery Mobile, so far what ever examples i searched contains only one html page for whole application, with multipe div tags where each page/screen is defined as div tag with data-role as page with some header and footers optionally. Based on user actions, we are hiding some div's(pages) and showing only expected page. Also, this multi-page template seems to be standard design, as written by some blogs. Are there any other designing ways? what I would like to have is multipe html pages, for ex one for login, one for home, one for contact etc. Other wise it is difficult to understand/code/debug issues, especially people from Java background like me.So, what I want is some kind of MVC design with JQueryMobile, like each view/screen as sepearate html associated with one js (Controller). Can we have multiple html pages in JqueryMobile app? If possible how to pass data/ maintain session between them? Any samples are most welcome. Thanks In Advance. Note: Also I don't want server side includes, may app contains 10 to 15 screens, each page will make a webservice call and fetch some data and map it to UI.

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• Python C API from C++ app - know when to lock

  - by Alex

  Hi Everyone, I am trying to write a C++ class that calls Python methods of a class that does some I/O operations (file, stdout) at once. The problem I have ran into is that my class is called from different threads: sometimes main thread, sometimes different others. Obviously I tried to apply the approach for Python calls in multi-threaded native applications. Basically everything starts from PyEval_AcquireLock and PyEval_ReleaseLock or just global locks. According to the documentation here when a thread is already locked a deadlock ensues. When my class is called from the main thread or other one that blocks Python execution I have a deadlock. Python Cfunc1() - C++ func that creates threads internally which lead to calls in "my class", It stuck on PyEval_AcquireLock, obviously the Python is already locked, i.e. waiting for C++ Cfunc1 call to complete... It completes fine if I omit those locks. Also it completes fine when Python interpreter is ready for the next user command, i.e. when thread is calling funcs in the background - not inside of a native call I am looking for a workaround. I need to distinguish whether or not the global lock is allowed, i.e. Python is not locked and ready to receive the next command... I tried PyGIL_Ensure, unfortunately I see hang. Any known API or solution for this ? (Python 2.4)

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• SQL Server race condition issue with range lock

  - by Freek

  I'm implementing a queue in SQL Server (please no discussions about this) and am running into a race condition issue. The T-SQL of interest is the following: set transaction isolation level serializable begin tran declare @RecordId int declare @CurrentTS datetime2 set @CurrentTS=CURRENT_TIMESTAMP select top 1 @RecordId=Id from QueuedImportJobs with (updlock) where Status=@Status and (LeaseTimeout is null or @CurrentTS>LeaseTimeout) order by Id asc if @@ROWCOUNT> 0 begin update QueuedImportJobs set LeaseTimeout = DATEADD(mi,5,@CurrentTS), LeaseTicket=newid() where Id=@RecordId select * from QueuedImportJobs where Id = @RecordId end commit tran RecordId is the PK and there is also an index on Status,LeaseTimeout. What I'm basically doing is select a record of which the lease happens to be expired, while simultaneously updating the lease time with 5 minutes and setting a new lease ticket. So the problem is that I'm getting deadlocks when I run this code in parallel using a couple of threads. I've debugged it up to the point where I found out that the update statement sometimes gets executing twice for the same record. Now, I was under the impression that the with (updlock) should prevent this (it also happens with xlock btw, not with tablockx). So it actually look like there is a RangeS-U and a RangeX-X lock on the same range of records, which ought to be impossible. So what am I missing? I'm thinking it might have something to do with the top 1 clause or that SQL Server does not know that where Id=@RecordId is actually in the locked range? Deadlock graph: Table schema (simplified):

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• Optimizing landing pages

  - by Oleg Shaldybin

  In my current project (Rails 2.3) we have a collection of 1.2 million keywords, and each of them is associated with a landing page, which is effectively a search results page for a given keywords. Each of those pages is pretty complicated, so it can take a long time to generate (up to 2 seconds with a moderate load, even longer during traffic spikes, with current hardware). The problem is that 99.9% of visits to those pages are new visits (via search engines), so it doesn't help a lot to cache it on the first visit: it will still be slow for that visit, and the next visit could be in several weeks. I'd really like to make those pages faster, but I don't have too many ideas on how to do it. A couple of things that come to mind: build a cache for all keywords beforehand (with a very long TTL, a month or so). However, building and maintaing this cache can be a real pain, and the search results on the page might be outdated, or even no longer accessible; given the volatile nature of this data, don't try to cache anything at all, and just try to scale out to keep up with traffic. I'd really appreciate any feedback on this problem.

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• Android - Turn off display without triggering sleep/lock screen - Turn on with Touchscreen

  - by NebulaSleuth

  I have been trying to find a way to turn off the display, and wake up from the user touching the touch screen. The device is in an embedded environment where the device is a tablet and the user does not have access to anything except the touch screen (no buttons at all). It is connected to power so the battery won't be a problem, but when I detect no activity I want to turn off the screen so it isn't staring them in the face all day and doesn't reduce the life the LCD backlight. I maintain a wakelock permanently and decide when to sleep myself. The problem is that when I turn off the screen using : WindowManager.LayoutParams params = getWindow().getAttributes(); params.screenBrightness = 0; getWindow().setAttributes(params); The activity gets paused and stopped. And the unit does not respond to a touch to wake it up. You need to press the power button. At that point the "slide to unlock" shows up. I want to turn off the display, and then stay running so I can detect a touch screen event and turn the display back on. I also tried turning the display to a brightness of 0.1, which works on some devices, but the device I need it to work on, only "dims" the display. I also tried this: // First Remove my FULL wakelock //then aquire a partial wake lock (which should turn off the display) PowerManager.WakeLock wl = manager.newWakeLock(PowerManager.PARTIAL_WAKE_LOCK, "Your Tag"); wl.acquire(); however this method does not turn off the display.

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• Setting up apache to view https pages

  - by zac

  I am trying to set up a site using vmware workstation, ubuntu 11.10, and apache2. The site works fine but now the https pages are not showing up. For example if I try to go to https://www.mysite.com/checkout I just see the message Not Found The requested URL /checkout/ was not found on this server. I dont really know what I am doing and have tried a lot of things to get the ssl certificates in there right. A few things I have in there, in my httpd.conf I just have : ServerName localhost In my ports.conf I have : NameVirtualHost *:80 Listen 80 <IfModule mod_ssl.c> # If you add NameVirtualHost *:443 here, you will also have to change # the VirtualHost statement in /etc/apache2/sites-available/default-ssl # to <VirtualHost *:443> # Server Name Indication for SSL named virtual hosts is currently not # supported by MSIE on Windows XP. Listen 443 http </IfModule> <IfModule mod_gnutls.c> Listen 443 http </IfModule> In the /etc/apache2/sites-available/default-ssl : <IfModule mod_ssl.c> <VirtualHost _default_:443> ServerAdmin webmaster@localhost DocumentRoot /var/www <Directory /> Options FollowSymLinks AllowOverride None </Directory> <Directory /var/www/> Options Indexes FollowSymLinks MultiViews AllowOverride None Order allow,deny allow from all </Directory> .... truncated in the sites-available/default I have : <VirtualHost *:80> ServerAdmin webmaster@localhost DocumentRoot /var/www #DocumentRoot /home/magento/site/ <Directory /> Options FollowSymLinks AllowOverride None </Directory> <Directory /var/www/> #<Directory /home/magento/site/> Options Indexes FollowSymLinks MultiViews AllowOverride None Order allow,deny allow from all </Directory> ScriptAlias /cgi-bin/ /usr/lib/cgi-bin/ <Directory "/usr/lib/cgi-bin"> AllowOverride None Options +ExecCGI -MultiViews +SymLinksIfOwnerMatch Order allow,deny Allow from all </Directory> ErrorLog ${APACHE_LOG_DIR}/error.log # Possible values include: debug, info, notice, warn, error, crit, # alert, emerg. LogLevel warn CustomLog ${APACHE_LOG_DIR}/access.log combined Alias /doc/ "/usr/share/doc/" <Directory "/usr/share/doc/"> Options Indexes MultiViews FollowSymLinks AllowOverride None Order deny,allow Deny from all Allow from 127.0.0.0/255.0.0.0 ::1/128 </Directory> </VirtualHost> <virtualhost *:443> SSLEngine on SSLCertificateFile /etc/apache2/ssl/server.crt SSLCertificateKeyFile /etc/apache2/ssl/server.key ServerAdmin webmaster@localhost <Directory /> Options FollowSymLinks AllowOverride None </Directory> <Directory /var/www/> #<Directory /home/magento/site/> Options Indexes FollowSymLinks MultiViews AllowOverride None Order allow,deny allow from all </Directory> </virtualhost> I also have in sites-availabe a file setup for my site url, www.mysite.com so in /etc/apache2/sites-available/mysite.com <VirtualHost *:80> ServerName mysite.com DocumentRoot /home/magento/mysite.com <Directory /> Options FollowSymLinks AllowOverride All </Directory> <Directory /home/magento/mysite.com/ > Options Indexes FollowSymLinks MultiViews AllowOverride All Order allow,deny allow from all </Directory> ErrorLog /home/magento/logs/apache.log # Possible values include: debug, info, notice, warn, error, crit, # alert, emerg. LogLevel warn </VirtualHost> <VirtualHost *:443> ServerName mysite.com DocumentRoot /home/magento/mysite.com <Directory /> Options FollowSymLinks AllowOverride All </Directory> <Directory /home/magento/mysite.com/ > Options Indexes FollowSymLinks MultiViews AllowOverride All Order allow,deny allow from all </Directory> ErrorLog /home/magento/logs/apache.log # Possible values include: debug, info, notice, warn, error, crit, # alert, emerg. LogLevel warn </VirtualHost> Thanks for any help getting this setup! As is probably obvious from this post I am pretty lost at this point.

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• .NET 4.0, Silverlight 4, F# decompilation in .NET Reflector, our crazy shipping schedule, and some p

  - by Bart Read

  Yes, with a list of topics that broad, it can only be another update on what's happening in Red Gate's .NET Developer Tools division....(read more)

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• Digital Storage for Airline Entertainment

  - by Bill Evjen

  by Thomas Coughlin Common flash memory cards The most common flash memory products currently in use are SD cards and derivative products (e.g. mini and micro-SD cards) Some compact flash used for professional applications (such as DSLR cameras) Evolution of leading flash formats Standardization –> market expansion Market expansion –> volume iNAND –> focus is on enabling embedded X3 iSSD –> ideal for thin form factor devices Flash memory applications Phones are the #1 user of flash memory Flash memory is used as embedded and removable storage in many mobile applications Flash memory is being used in computers as USB sticks and SSDs Possible use of flash memory in computer combined with HDDs (hybrid HDDs and paired or dual storage computers) It can be a removable card or an embedded card These devices can only handle a specific number of writes Flash memory reads considerably quicker than hard drives Hybrid and dual storage in computers SSDs can provide fast performance but they are expensive HDDs can provide cheap storage but they are relatively slow Combining some flash memory with a HDD can provide costs close to those of HDDs and performance close to flash memory Seagate Momentus XT hybrid HDD Various dual storage offerings putting flash memory with HDDs Other common flash memory devices USB sticks All forms and colors Used for moving files around Some sold with content on them (Sony Movies on USB sticks) Solid State Drives (SSDs) Floating Gate Flash Memory Cell When a bit is programmed, electrons are stored upon the floating gate This has the effect of offsetting the charge on the control gate of the transistor If there is no charge upon the floating gate, then the control gate’s charge determines whether or not a current flows through the channel A strong charge on the control gate assumes that no current flows. A weak charge will allow a strong current to flow through. Similar to HDDs, flash memory must provide: Bit error correction Bad block management NAND and NOR memories are treated differently when it comes to managing wear In many NOR-based systems no management is used at all, since the NOR is simply used to store code, and data is stored in other devices. In this case, it would take a near-infinite amount of time for wear to become an issue since the only time the chip would see an erase/write cycle is when the code in the system is being upgraded, which rarely if ever happens over the life of a typical system. NAND is usually found in very different application than is NOR Flash memory wears out This is expected to get worse over time Retention: Disappearing data Bits fade away Retention decreases with increasing read/writes Bits may change when adjacent bits are read Time and traffic are concerns Controllers typically groom read disturb errors Like DRAM refresh Increases erase/write frequency Application characteristics Music – reads high / writes very low Video – r high / writes very low Internet Cache – r high / writes low On airplanes Many consumers now have their own content viewing devices – do they need the airlines? Is there a way to offer more to consumers, especially with their own viewers Additional special content tie into airplane network access to electrical power, internet Should there be fixed embedded or removable storage for on-board airline entertainment? Is there a way to leverage personal and airline viewers and content in new and entertaining ways?

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• Drivers for NVIDIA 520M not working in Ubuntu 12.04

  - by Don

  I am aware that this is nominally a duplicate question, however I've read the other questions and haven't been able to resolve my problem after many hours and attempts, so please don't delete it. Additionally, it seems like many answers to the other questions are specifically dependent on certain situations. My situation being different from the others I found represented, here's my question. Until last night, I had Ubuntu 12.04 installed with Wubi, and it ran ok, though slowly and with occasional hangs. So I partitioned the drive and installed 12.04 in its own partition. Now when I start it, I am stuck using 2D. I believe this is an NVIDIA bug. My NVIDIA card is a GT 520M and my machine has Optimus. Additional Drivers only displays my wireless driver. Going to System Settings Details Graphics shows Driver:Unknown, Experience:Standard. I downloaded the driver from the NVIDIA website, and ran the installer with no errors, except that the "distribution-provided pre-install script failed". After rebooting, my screen was stuck at 640X480, which was fixed by editing /etc/X11/xorg.conf However, I still was stuck in 2D, and nothing else had changed either. A thread suggested something called Bumblebee. I tried that, and when I ran optirun firefoxI got a frozen blank screen. Following another suggestion, I checked the BIOS to try and disable Optimus. I found and ran myriad other commands to try and fix the problem and nothing changed. Now I have just done a clean re-install of Ubuntu. From there, I: Installed all the updates Downloaded the NVIDIA driver Installed it Got screen stuck at 640X480, fixed in xorg.conf. To recap the problem: I can't get the NVIDIA drivers working I am stuck using 2D I'm an idiot I think if the first one is solved, the solution to the second will naturally follow. If you need me to provide any other information, I'd be happy to. From what I've seen in other threads, I think this information may help: lsmod: dh@donsMachine:~$ lsmod Module Size Used by nvidia 12353161 0 snd_hda_codec_hdmi 32474 1 snd_hda_codec_realtek 223867 1 joydev 17693 0 parport_pc 32866 0 ppdev 17113 0 rfcomm 47604 0 bnep 18281 2 bluetooth 180104 10 rfcomm,bnep snd_hda_intel 33773 3 snd_hda_codec 127706 3 snd_hda_codec_hdmi,snd_hda_codec_realtek,snd_hda_intel snd_hwdep 13668 1 snd_hda_codec snd_pcm 97188 3 snd_hda_codec_hdmi,snd_hda_intel,snd_hda_codec uvcvideo 72627 0 videodev 98259 1 uvcvideo v4l2_compat_ioctl32 17128 1 videodev snd_seq_midi 13324 0 snd_rawmidi 30748 1 snd_seq_midi snd_seq_midi_event 14899 1 snd_seq_midi snd_seq 61896 2 snd_seq_midi,snd_seq_midi_event lib80211_crypt_tkip 17390 0 wl 2568210 0 lib80211 14381 2 lib80211_crypt_tkip,wl snd_timer 29990 2 snd_pcm,snd_seq snd_seq_device 14540 3 snd_seq_midi,snd_rawmidi,snd_seq snd 78855 16 snd_hda_codec_hdmi,snd_hda_codec_realtek,snd_hda_intel,snd_hda_codec,snd_hwdep,snd_pcm,snd_rawmidi,snd_seq,snd_timer,snd_seq_device psmouse 87692 0 serio_raw 13211 0 i915 468745 2 soundcore 15091 1 snd snd_page_alloc 18529 2 snd_hda_intel,snd_pcm drm_kms_helper 46978 1 i915 drm 242038 3 i915,drm_kms_helper mei 41616 0 i2c_algo_bit 13423 1 i915 mxm_wmi 12979 0 acer_wmi 28418 0 sparse_keymap 13890 1 acer_wmi video 19596 1 i915 wmi 19256 2 mxm_wmi,acer_wmi mac_hid 13253 0 lp 17799 0 parport 46562 3 parport_pc,ppdev,lp tg3 152032 0 sdhci_pci 18826 0 sdhci 33205 1 sdhci_pci lspci -nn | grep VGA dh@donsMachine:~$ lspci -nn | grep VGA 00:02.0 VGA compatible controller [0300]: Intel Corporation 2nd Generation Core Processor Family Integrated Graphics Controller [8086:0116] (rev 09) 01:00.0 VGA compatible controller [0300]: NVIDIA Corporation Device [10de:0df7] (rev a1) lshw dh@donsMachine:~$ sudo lshw [sudo] password for dh: donsmachine description: Notebook product: EasyNote TS44HR () vendor: Packard Bell version: V1.12 serial: LXBWZ02017134209D71601 width: 64 bits capabilities: smbios-2.7 dmi-2.7 vsyscall32 configuration: boot=normal chassis=notebook uuid=16FE576B-CA15-11E0-B096-B870F4E51243 *-core description: Motherboard product: SJV50_HR vendor: Packard Bell physical id: 0 version: Base Board Version serial: Base Board Serial Number slot: Base Board Chassis Location *-firmware description: BIOS vendor: Packard Bell physical id: 0 version: V1.12 date: 07/11/2011 size: 1MiB capacity: 2496KiB capabilities: pci upgrade shadowing cdboot bootselect edd int13floppynec int13floppytoshiba int13floppy360 int13floppy1200 int13floppy720 int13floppy2880 int9keyboard int10video acpi usb biosbootspecification *-memory description: System Memory physical id: 1b slot: System board or motherboard size: 4GiB *-bank:0 description: SODIMM DDR3 Synchronous 1333 MHz (0.8 ns) product: NT2GC64B88B0NS-CG vendor: Nanya Technology physical id: 0 serial: 598E126E slot: ChannelA-DIMM0 size: 2GiB width: 64 bits clock: 1333MHz (0.8ns) *-bank:1 description: DIMM [empty] physical id: 1 slot: ChannelA-DIMM1 *-bank:2 description: SODIMM DDR3 Synchronous 1333 MHz (0.8 ns) product: NT2GC64B88B0NS-CG vendor: Nanya Technology physical id: 2 serial: 159E126C slot: ChannelB-DIMM0 size: 2GiB width: 64 bits clock: 1333MHz (0.8ns) *-bank:3 description: DIMM [empty] physical id: 3 slot: ChannelB-DIMM1 *-cpu description: CPU product: Intel(R) Core(TM) i3-2330M CPU @ 2.20GHz vendor: Intel Corp. physical id: 2e bus info: cpu@0 version: Intel(R) Core(TM) i3-2330M CPU @ 2.20GHz slot: CPU1 size: 2GHz capacity: 4GHz width: 64 bits clock: 1333MHz capabilities: x86-64 fpu fpu_exception wp vme de pse tsc msr pae mce cx8 apic sep mtrr pge mca cmov pat pse36 clflush dts acpi mmx fxsr sse sse2 ss ht tm pbe syscall nx rdtscp constant_tsc arch_perfmon pebs bts rep_good nopl xtopology nonstop_tsc aperfmperf pni pclmulqdq dtes64 monitor ds_cpl vmx est tm2 ssse3 cx16 xtpr pdcm pcid sse4_1 sse4_2 x2apic popcnt tsc_deadline_timer xsave avx lahf_lm arat epb xsaveopt pln pts tpr_shadow vnmi flexpriority ept vpid cpufreq configuration: cores=2 enabledcores=2 threads=4 *-cache:0 description: L1 cache physical id: 30 slot: L1 Cache size: 32KiB capacity: 32KiB capabilities: synchronous internal write-through instruction *-cache:1 description: L2 cache physical id: 31 slot: L2 Cache size: 256KiB capacity: 256KiB capabilities: synchronous internal write-through unified *-cache:2 description: L3 cache physical id: 32 slot: L3 Cache size: 3MiB capacity: 3MiB capabilities: synchronous internal write-through unified *-cache description: L1 cache physical id: 2f slot: L1 Cache size: 32KiB capacity: 32KiB capabilities: synchronous internal write-through data *-pci description: Host bridge product: 2nd Generation Core Processor Family DRAM Controller vendor: Intel Corporation physical id: 100 bus info: pci@0000:00:00.0 version: 09 width: 32 bits clock: 33MHz configuration: driver=agpgart-intel resources: irq:0 *-pci:0 description: PCI bridge product: Xeon E3-1200/2nd Generation Core Processor Family PCI Express Root Port vendor: Intel Corporation physical id: 1 bus info: pci@0000:00:01.0 version: 09 width: 32 bits clock: 33MHz capabilities: pci pm msi pciexpress normal_decode bus_master cap_list configuration: driver=pcieport resources: irq:40 ioport:2000(size=4096) memory:d0000000-d10fffff ioport:a0000000(size=301989888) *-display description: VGA compatible controller product: NVIDIA Corporation vendor: NVIDIA Corporation physical id: 0 bus info: pci@0000:01:00.0 version: a1 width: 64 bits clock: 33MHz capabilities: pm msi pciexpress vga_controller bus_master cap_list rom configuration: driver=nvidia latency=0 resources: irq:16 memory:d0000000-d0ffffff memory:a0000000-afffffff memory:b0000000-b1ffffff ioport:2000(size=128) memory:d1000000-d107ffff *-display description: VGA compatible controller product: 2nd Generation Core Processor Family Integrated Graphics Controller vendor: Intel Corporation physical id: 2 bus info: pci@0000:00:02.0 version: 09 width: 64 bits clock: 33MHz capabilities: msi pm vga_controller bus_master cap_list rom configuration: driver=i915 latency=0 resources: irq:43 memory:d1400000-d17fffff memory:c0000000-cfffffff ioport:3000(size=64) *-communication description: Communication controller product: 6 Series/C200 Series Chipset Family MEI Controller #1 vendor: Intel Corporation physical id: 16 bus info: pci@0000:00:16.0 version: 04 width: 64 bits clock: 33MHz capabilities: pm msi bus_master cap_list configuration: driver=mei latency=0 resources: irq:42 memory:d1a04000-d1a0400f *-usb:0 description: USB controller product: 6 Series/C200 Series Chipset Family USB Enhanced Host Controller #2 vendor: Intel Corporation physical id: 1a bus info: pci@0000:00:1a.0 version: 04 width: 32 bits clock: 33MHz capabilities: pm debug ehci bus_master cap_list configuration: driver=ehci_hcd latency=0 resources: irq:16 memory:d1a0a000-d1a0a3ff *-multimedia description: Audio device product: 6 Series/C200 Series Chipset Family High Definition Audio Controller vendor: Intel Corporation physical id: 1b bus info: pci@0000:00:1b.0 version: 04 width: 64 bits clock: 33MHz capabilities: pm msi pciexpress bus_master cap_list configuration: driver=snd_hda_intel latency=0 resources: irq:44 memory:d1a00000-d1a03fff *-pci:1 description: PCI bridge product: 6 Series/C200 Series Chipset Family PCI Express Root Port 1 vendor: Intel Corporation physical id: 1c bus info: pci@0000:00:1c.0 version: b4 width: 32 bits clock: 33MHz capabilities: pci pciexpress msi pm normal_decode bus_master cap_list configuration: driver=pcieport resources: irq:17 memory:9fb00000-9fbfffff ioport:d1800000(size=1048576) *-network description: Ethernet interface product: NetLink BCM57785 Gigabit Ethernet PCIe vendor: Broadcom Corporation physical id: 0 bus info: pci@0000:02:00.0 logical name: eth0 version: 10 serial: b8:70:f4:e5:12:43 capacity: 1Gbit/s width: 64 bits clock: 33MHz capabilities: pm msi msix pciexpress bus_master cap_list rom ethernet physical tp 10bt 10bt-fd 100bt 100bt-fd 1000bt 1000bt-fd autonegotiation configuration: autonegotiation=on broadcast=yes driver=tg3 driverversion=3.121 firmware=sb latency=0 link=no multicast=yes port=twisted pair resources: irq:16 memory:d1830000-d183ffff memory:d1840000-d184ffff memory:d1850000-d18507ff *-generic:0 description: SD Host controller product: NetXtreme BCM57765 Memory Card Reader vendor: Broadcom Corporation physical id: 0.1 bus info: pci@0000:02:00.1 version: 10 width: 64 bits clock: 33MHz capabilities: pm msi pciexpress bus_master cap_list configuration: driver=sdhci-pci latency=0 resources: irq:17 memory:d1800000-d180ffff *-generic:1 UNCLAIMED description: System peripheral product: Broadcom Corporation vendor: Broadcom Corporation physical id: 0.2 bus info: pci@0000:02:00.2 version: 10 width: 64 bits clock: 33MHz capabilities: pm msi pciexpress bus_master cap_list configuration: latency=0 resources: memory:d1810000-d181ffff *-generic:2 UNCLAIMED description: System peripheral product: Broadcom Corporation vendor: Broadcom Corporation physical id: 0.3 bus info: pci@0000:02:00.3 version: 10 width: 64 bits clock: 33MHz capabilities: pm msi pciexpress bus_master cap_list configuration: latency=0 resources: memory:d1820000-d182ffff *-pci:2 description: PCI bridge product: 6 Series/C200 Series Chipset Family PCI Express Root Port 2 vendor: Intel Corporation physical id: 1c.1 bus info: pci@0000:00:1c.1 version: b4 width: 32 bits clock: 33MHz capabilities: pci pciexpress msi pm normal_decode bus_master cap_list configuration: driver=pcieport resources: irq:16 memory:d1900000-d19fffff *-network description: Wireless interface product: BCM43225 802.11b/g/n vendor: Broadcom Corporation physical id: 0 bus info: pci@0000:03:00.0 logical name: eth1 version: 01 serial: 68:a3:c4:44:81:96 width: 64 bits clock: 33MHz capabilities: pm msi pciexpress bus_master cap_list ethernet physical wireless configuration: broadcast=yes driver=wl0 driverversion=5.100.82.38 ip=192.168.0.12 latency=0 multicast=yes wireless=IEEE 802.11bgn resources: irq:17 memory:d1900000-d1903fff *-usb:1 description: USB controller product: 6 Series/C200 Series Chipset Family USB Enhanced Host Controller #1 vendor: Intel Corporation physical id: 1d bus info: pci@0000:00:1d.0 version: 04 width: 32 bits clock: 33MHz capabilities: pm debug ehci bus_master cap_list configuration: driver=ehci_hcd latency=0 resources: irq:23 memory:d1a09000-d1a093ff *-isa description: ISA bridge product: HM65 Express Chipset Family LPC Controller vendor: Intel Corporation physical id: 1f bus info: pci@0000:00:1f.0 version: 04 width: 32 bits clock: 33MHz capabilities: isa bus_master cap_list configuration: latency=0 *-storage description: SATA controller product: 6 Series/C200 Series Chipset Family 6 port SATA AHCI Controller vendor: Intel Corporation physical id: 1f.2 bus info: pci@0000:00:1f.2 logical name: scsi0 logical name: scsi1 version: 04 width: 32 bits clock: 66MHz capabilities: storage msi pm ahci_1.0 bus_master cap_list emulated configuration: driver=ahci latency=0 resources: irq:41 ioport:3098(size=8) ioport:30bc(size=4) ioport:3090(size=8) ioport:30b8(size=4) ioport:3060(size=32) memory:d1a08000-d1a087ff *-disk description: ATA Disk product: ST9500325AS vendor: Seagate physical id: 0 bus info: scsi@0:0.0.0 logical name: /dev/sda version: 0001 serial: S2W1AMSX size: 465GiB (500GB) capabilities: partitioned partitioned:dos configuration: ansiversion=5 signature=a45f21e9 *-volume:0 description: Windows NTFS volume physical id: 1 bus info: scsi@0:0.0.0,1 logical name: /dev/sda1 version: 3.1 serial: 46aa-2a25 size: 19GiB capacity: 20GiB capabilities: primary ntfs initialized configuration: clustersize=4096 created=2011-08-25 21:32:00 filesystem=ntfs label=PQSERVICE state=clean *-volume:1 description: Windows NTFS volume physical id: 2 bus info: scsi@0:0.0.0,2 logical name: /dev/sda2 version: 3.1 serial: 10aa-ad1a size: 98MiB capacity: 100MiB capabilities: primary bootable ntfs initialized configuration: clustersize=4096 created=2011-08-25 21:32:03 filesystem=ntfs label=SYSTEM RESERVED state=clean *-volume:2 description: Windows NTFS volume physical id: 3 bus info: scsi@0:0.0.0,3 logical name: /dev/sda3 version: 3.1 serial: 668c5afc-182e-ff4b-b084-3cc09f54972d size: 395GiB capacity: 395GiB capabilities: primary ntfs initialized configuration: clustersize=4096 created=2011-08-25 21:32:03 filesystem=ntfs label=Don's Machine state=clean *-volume:3 description: Extended partition physical id: 4 bus info: scsi@0:0.0.0,4 logical name: /dev/sda4 size: 49GiB capacity: 49GiB capabilities: primary extended partitioned partitioned:extended *-logicalvolume:0 description: Linux swap / Solaris partition physical id: 5 logical name: /dev/sda5 capacity: 3945MiB capabilities: nofs *-logicalvolume:1 description: Linux filesystem partition physical id: 6 logical name: /dev/sda6 logical name: / capacity: 46GiB configuration: mount.fstype=ext4 mount.options=rw,relatime,errors=remount-ro,user_xattr,barrier=1,data=ordered state=mounted *-cdrom description: DVD-RAM writer product: DVD-RW DVRTD11RS vendor: PIONEER physical id: 1 bus info: scsi@1:0.0.0 logical name: /dev/cdrom logical name: /dev/cdrw logical name: /dev/dvd logical name: /dev/dvdrw logical name: /dev/sr0 version: 1.01 capabilities: removable audio cd-r cd-rw dvd dvd-r dvd-ram configuration: ansiversion=5 status=nodisc *-serial UNCLAIMED description: SMBus product: 6 Series/C200 Series Chipset Family SMBus Controller vendor: Intel Corporation physical id: 1f.3 bus info: pci@0000:00:1f.3 version: 04 width: 64 bits clock: 33MHz configuration: latency=0 resources: memory:d1a06000-d1a060ff ioport:3040(size=32) *-power UNCLAIMED description: OEM_Define1 product: OEM_Define5 vendor: OEM_Define2 physical id: 1 version: OEM_Define6 serial: OEM_Define3 capacity: 75mWh *-battery description: Lithium Ion Battery product: CRB Battery 0 vendor: -Virtual Battery 0- physical id: 2 version: 10/12/2007 serial: Battery 0 slot: Fake

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• IIS and PAE

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