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• Correct use of SMTP "Sender" header?

  - by Eric Rath

  Our web application sends email messages to people when someone posts new content. Both sender and recipient have opted into receiving email messages from our application. When preparing such a message, we set the following SMTP headers: FROM: [email protected] TO: [email protected] SENDER: [email protected] We chose to use the author's email address in the FROM header in an attempt to provide the best experience for the recipient; when they see the message in their mail client, the author is clear. To avoid the appearance of spoofing, we added the SENDER header (with our own company email address) to make it clear that we sent the message on the author's behalf. After reading RFCs 822 and 2822, this seems to be an intended use of the sender header. Most receiving mail servers seem to handle this well; the email message is delivered normally (assuming the recipient mailbox exists, is not over quota, etc). However, when sending a message FROM an address in a domain TO an address in the same domain, some receiving domains reject the messages with a response like: 571 incorrect IP - psmtp (in reply to RCPT TO command) I think this means the receiving server only saw that the FROM header address was in its own domain, and that the message originated from a server it didn't consider authorized to send messages for that domain. In other words, the receiving server ignored the SENDER header. We have a workaround in place: the webapp keeps a list of such domains that seem to ignore the SENDER header, and when the FROM and TO headers are both in such a domain, it sets the FROM header to our own email address instead. But this list requires maintenance. Is there a better way to achieve the desired experience? We'd like to be a "good citizen" of the net, and all parties involved -- senders and recipients -- want to participate and receive these messages. One alternative is to always use our company email address in the FROM header, and prepend the author's name/address to the subject, but this seems a little clumsy.

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• Creating "save as" functionality to .eml file in AppleScript

  - by unieater

  I'm new to AppleScript and trying to figure out how to save a Mail.app message as an .eml message. Ideally, I would like it to act similar to the Mail menu bar actions, in which it saves the message and the attachments together. The workflow is that you have a selection in Mail, hit a hotkey and the function creates a filename (newFile) for the email to be saved. I just need help with how to save the message to the path (theFolder) in an .eml format. tell application "Mail" set msgs to selection if length of msgs is not 0 then display dialog "Export selected message(s)?" if the button returned of the result is "OK" then set theFolder to choose folder with prompt "Save Exported Messages to..." without invisibles repeat with msg in msgs -- determine date received of msg and put into YYYYMMDD format set msgDate to date received of msg -- parse date SEMversion below using proc pad2() set {year:y, month:m, day:d, hours:h, minutes:min} to (msgDate) set msgDate to ("" & y & my pad2(m as integer) & my pad2(d)) -- assign subject of msg set msgSubject to (subject of msg) -- create filename.eml to be use as title saved set newFile to (msgDate & "_" & msgSubject & ".eml") as Unicode text -- copy mail message to the folder and prepend date-time to file name -- THIS IS WEHRE I AM COMPLETE LOST HOW SAVE THE EMAIL into theFolder end repeat beep 2 display dialog "Done exporting " & length of msgs & " messages." end if -- OK to export msgs end if -- msgs > 0 end tell on pad2(n) return text -2 thru -1 of ("00" & n) end pad2

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• Correct use of SMTP "Sender" header?

  - by Eric Rath

  Our web application sends email messages to people when someone posts new content. Both sender and recipient have opted into receiving email messages from our application. When preparing such a message, we set the following SMTP headers: FROM: [email protected] TO: [email protected] SENDER: [email protected] We chose to use the author's email address in the FROM header in an attempt to provide the best experience for the recipient; when they see the message in their mail client, the author is clear. To avoid the appearance of spoofing, we added the SENDER header (with our own company email address) to make it clear that we sent the message on the author's behalf. After reading RFCs 822 and 2822, this seems to be an intended use of the sender header. Most receiving mail servers seem to handle this well; the email message is delivered normally (assuming the recipient mailbox exists, is not over quota, etc). However, when sending a message FROM an address in a domain TO an address in the same domain, some receiving domains reject the messages with a response like: 571 incorrect IP - psmtp (in reply to RCPT TO command) I think this means the receiving server only saw that the FROM header address was in its own domain, and that the message originated from a server it didn't consider authorized to send messages for that domain. In other words, the receiving server ignored the SENDER header. We have a workaround in place: the webapp keeps a list of such domains that seem to ignore the SENDER header, and when the FROM and TO headers are both in such a domain, it sets the FROM header to our own email address instead. But this list requires maintenance. Is there a better way to achieve the desired experience? We'd like to be a "good citizen" of the net, and all parties involved -- senders and recipients -- want to participate and receive these messages. One alternative is to always use our company email address in the FROM header, and prepend the author's name/address to the subject, but this seems a little clumsy.

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• Example: Communication between Activity and Service using Messaging

  - by Lance Lefebure

  I couldn't find any examples of how to send messages between an activity and a service, and spent far too many hours figuring this out. Here is an example project for others to reference. This example allows you to start or stop a service directly, and separately bind/unbind from the service. When the service is running, it increments a number at 10Hz. If the activity is bound to the service, it will display the current value. Data is transferred as an Integer and as a String so you can see how to do that two different ways. There are also buttons in the activity to send messages to the service (changes the increment-by value). Screenshot: AndroidManifest.xml: <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?> <manifest xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android" package="com.exampleservice" android:versionCode="1" android:versionName="1.0"> <application android:icon="@drawable/icon" android:label="@string/app_name"> <activity android:name=".MainActivity" android:label="@string/app_name"> <intent-filter> <action android:name="android.intent.action.MAIN" /> <category android:name="android.intent.category.LAUNCHER" /> </intent-filter> </activity> <service android:name=".MyService"></service> </application> <uses-sdk android:minSdkVersion="8" /> </manifest> res\values\strings.xml: <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?> <resources> <string name="app_name">ExampleService</string> <string name="service_started">Example Service started</string> <string name="service_label">Example Service Label</string> </resources> res\layout\main.xml: <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?> <LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android" android:orientation="vertical" android:layout_width="fill_parent" android:layout_height="fill_parent" > <RelativeLayout android:id="@+id/RelativeLayout01" android:layout_width="fill_parent" android:layout_height="wrap_content"> <Button android:id="@+id/btnStart" android:layout_width="wrap_content" android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:text="Start Service"></Button> <Button android:id="@+id/btnStop" android:layout_width="wrap_content" android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:text="Stop Service" android:layout_alignParentRight="true"></Button> </RelativeLayout> <RelativeLayout android:id="@+id/RelativeLayout02" android:layout_width="fill_parent" android:layout_height="wrap_content"> <Button android:id="@+id/btnBind" android:layout_width="wrap_content" android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:text="Bind to Service"></Button> <Button android:id="@+id/btnUnbind" android:layout_width="wrap_content" android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:text="Unbind from Service" android:layout_alignParentRight="true"></Button> </RelativeLayout> <TextView android:id="@+id/textStatus" android:textSize="24sp" android:layout_width="fill_parent" android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:text="Status Goes Here" /> <TextView android:id="@+id/textIntValue" android:textSize="24sp" android:layout_width="fill_parent" android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:text="Integer Value Goes Here" /> <TextView android:id="@+id/textStrValue" android:textSize="24sp" android:layout_width="fill_parent" android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:text="String Value Goes Here" /> <RelativeLayout android:id="@+id/RelativeLayout03" android:layout_width="fill_parent" android:layout_height="wrap_content"> <Button android:id="@+id/btnUpby1" android:layout_width="wrap_content" android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:text="Increment by 1"></Button> <Button android:id="@+id/btnUpby10" android:layout_width="wrap_content" android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:text="Increment by 10" android:layout_alignParentRight="true"></Button> </RelativeLayout> </LinearLayout> src\com.exampleservice\MainActivity.java: package com.exampleservice; import android.app.Activity; import android.content.ComponentName; import android.content.Context; import android.content.Intent; import android.content.ServiceConnection; import android.os.Bundle; import android.os.Handler; import android.os.IBinder; import android.os.Message; import android.os.Messenger; import android.os.RemoteException; import android.util.Log; import android.view.View; import android.view.View.OnClickListener; import android.widget.Button; import android.widget.TextView; public class MainActivity extends Activity { Button btnStart, btnStop, btnBind, btnUnbind, btnUpby1, btnUpby10; TextView textStatus, textIntValue, textStrValue; Messenger mService = null; boolean mIsBound; final Messenger mMessenger = new Messenger(new IncomingHandler()); class IncomingHandler extends Handler { @Override public void handleMessage(Message msg) { switch (msg.what) { case MyService.MSG_SET_INT_VALUE: textIntValue.setText("Int Message: " + msg.arg1); break; case MyService.MSG_SET_STRING_VALUE: String str1 = msg.getData().getString("str1"); textStrValue.setText("Str Message: " + str1); break; default: super.handleMessage(msg); } } } private ServiceConnection mConnection = new ServiceConnection() { public void onServiceConnected(ComponentName className, IBinder service) { mService = new Messenger(service); textStatus.setText("Attached."); try { Message msg = Message.obtain(null, MyService.MSG_REGISTER_CLIENT); msg.replyTo = mMessenger; mService.send(msg); } catch (RemoteException e) { // In this case the service has crashed before we could even do anything with it } } public void onServiceDisconnected(ComponentName className) { // This is called when the connection with the service has been unexpectedly disconnected - process crashed. mService = null; textStatus.setText("Disconnected."); } }; @Override public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) { super.onCreate(savedInstanceState); setContentView(R.layout.main); btnStart = (Button)findViewById(R.id.btnStart); btnStop = (Button)findViewById(R.id.btnStop); btnBind = (Button)findViewById(R.id.btnBind); btnUnbind = (Button)findViewById(R.id.btnUnbind); textStatus = (TextView)findViewById(R.id.textStatus); textIntValue = (TextView)findViewById(R.id.textIntValue); textStrValue = (TextView)findViewById(R.id.textStrValue); btnUpby1 = (Button)findViewById(R.id.btnUpby1); btnUpby10 = (Button)findViewById(R.id.btnUpby10); btnStart.setOnClickListener(btnStartListener); btnStop.setOnClickListener(btnStopListener); btnBind.setOnClickListener(btnBindListener); btnUnbind.setOnClickListener(btnUnbindListener); btnUpby1.setOnClickListener(btnUpby1Listener); btnUpby10.setOnClickListener(btnUpby10Listener); restoreMe(savedInstanceState); CheckIfServiceIsRunning(); } @Override protected void onSaveInstanceState(Bundle outState) { super.onSaveInstanceState(outState); outState.putString("textStatus", textStatus.getText().toString()); outState.putString("textIntValue", textIntValue.getText().toString()); outState.putString("textStrValue", textStrValue.getText().toString()); } private void restoreMe(Bundle state) { if (state!=null) { textStatus.setText(state.getString("textStatus")); textIntValue.setText(state.getString("textIntValue")); textStrValue.setText(state.getString("textStrValue")); } } private void CheckIfServiceIsRunning() { //If the service is running when the activity starts, we want to automatically bind to it. if (MyService.isRunning()) { doBindService(); } } private OnClickListener btnStartListener = new OnClickListener() { public void onClick(View v){ startService(new Intent(MainActivity.this, MyService.class)); } }; private OnClickListener btnStopListener = new OnClickListener() { public void onClick(View v){ doUnbindService(); stopService(new Intent(MainActivity.this, MyService.class)); } }; private OnClickListener btnBindListener = new OnClickListener() { public void onClick(View v){ doBindService(); } }; private OnClickListener btnUnbindListener = new OnClickListener() { public void onClick(View v){ doUnbindService(); } }; private OnClickListener btnUpby1Listener = new OnClickListener() { public void onClick(View v){ sendMessageToService(1); } }; private OnClickListener btnUpby10Listener = new OnClickListener() { public void onClick(View v){ sendMessageToService(10); } }; private void sendMessageToService(int intvaluetosend) { if (mIsBound) { if (mService != null) { try { Message msg = Message.obtain(null, MyService.MSG_SET_INT_VALUE, intvaluetosend, 0); msg.replyTo = mMessenger; mService.send(msg); } catch (RemoteException e) { } } } } void doBindService() { bindService(new Intent(this, MyService.class), mConnection, Context.BIND_AUTO_CREATE); mIsBound = true; textStatus.setText("Binding."); } void doUnbindService() { if (mIsBound) { // If we have received the service, and hence registered with it, then now is the time to unregister. if (mService != null) { try { Message msg = Message.obtain(null, MyService.MSG_UNREGISTER_CLIENT); msg.replyTo = mMessenger; mService.send(msg); } catch (RemoteException e) { // There is nothing special we need to do if the service has crashed. } } // Detach our existing connection. unbindService(mConnection); mIsBound = false; textStatus.setText("Unbinding."); } } @Override protected void onDestroy() { super.onDestroy(); try { doUnbindService(); } catch (Throwable t) { Log.e("MainActivity", "Failed to unbind from the service", t); } } } src\com.exampleservice\MyService.java: package com.exampleservice; import java.util.ArrayList; import java.util.Timer; import java.util.TimerTask; import android.app.Notification; import android.app.NotificationManager; import android.app.PendingIntent; import android.app.Service; import android.content.Intent; import android.os.Bundle; import android.os.Handler; import android.os.IBinder; import android.os.Message; import android.os.Messenger; import android.os.RemoteException; import android.util.Log; public class MyService extends Service { private NotificationManager nm; private Timer timer = new Timer(); private int counter = 0, incrementby = 1; private static boolean isRunning = false; ArrayList<Messenger> mClients = new ArrayList<Messenger>(); // Keeps track of all current registered clients. int mValue = 0; // Holds last value set by a client. static final int MSG_REGISTER_CLIENT = 1; static final int MSG_UNREGISTER_CLIENT = 2; static final int MSG_SET_INT_VALUE = 3; static final int MSG_SET_STRING_VALUE = 4; final Messenger mMessenger = new Messenger(new IncomingHandler()); // Target we publish for clients to send messages to IncomingHandler. @Override public IBinder onBind(Intent intent) { return mMessenger.getBinder(); } class IncomingHandler extends Handler { // Handler of incoming messages from clients. @Override public void handleMessage(Message msg) { switch (msg.what) { case MSG_REGISTER_CLIENT: mClients.add(msg.replyTo); break; case MSG_UNREGISTER_CLIENT: mClients.remove(msg.replyTo); break; case MSG_SET_INT_VALUE: incrementby = msg.arg1; break; default: super.handleMessage(msg); } } } private void sendMessageToUI(int intvaluetosend) { for (int i=mClients.size()-1; i>=0; i--) { try { // Send data as an Integer mClients.get(i).send(Message.obtain(null, MSG_SET_INT_VALUE, intvaluetosend, 0)); //Send data as a String Bundle b = new Bundle(); b.putString("str1", "ab" + intvaluetosend + "cd"); Message msg = Message.obtain(null, MSG_SET_STRING_VALUE); msg.setData(b); mClients.get(i).send(msg); } catch (RemoteException e) { // The client is dead. Remove it from the list; we are going through the list from back to front so this is safe to do inside the loop. mClients.remove(i); } } } @Override public void onCreate() { super.onCreate(); Log.i("MyService", "Service Started."); showNotification(); timer.scheduleAtFixedRate(new TimerTask(){ public void run() {onTimerTick();}}, 0, 100L); isRunning = true; } private void showNotification() { nm = (NotificationManager)getSystemService(NOTIFICATION_SERVICE); // In this sample, we'll use the same text for the ticker and the expanded notification CharSequence text = getText(R.string.service_started); // Set the icon, scrolling text and timestamp Notification notification = new Notification(R.drawable.icon, text, System.currentTimeMillis()); // The PendingIntent to launch our activity if the user selects this notification PendingIntent contentIntent = PendingIntent.getActivity(this, 0, new Intent(this, MainActivity.class), 0); // Set the info for the views that show in the notification panel. notification.setLatestEventInfo(this, getText(R.string.service_label), text, contentIntent); // Send the notification. // We use a layout id because it is a unique number. We use it later to cancel. nm.notify(R.string.service_started, notification); } @Override public int onStartCommand(Intent intent, int flags, int startId) { Log.i("MyService", "Received start id " + startId + ": " + intent); return START_STICKY; // run until explicitly stopped. } public static boolean isRunning() { return isRunning; } private void onTimerTick() { Log.i("TimerTick", "Timer doing work." + counter); try { counter += incrementby; sendMessageToUI(counter); } catch (Throwable t) { //you should always ultimately catch all exceptions in timer tasks. Log.e("TimerTick", "Timer Tick Failed.", t); } } @Override public void onDestroy() { super.onDestroy(); if (timer != null) {timer.cancel();} counter=0; nm.cancel(R.string.service_started); // Cancel the persistent notification. Log.i("MyService", "Service Stopped."); isRunning = false; } }

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• Example: Communication between Activity and Service using Messaging

  - by Lance Lefebure

  I couldn't find any examples of how to send messages between an activity and a service, and spent far too many hours figuring this out. Here is an example project for others to reference. This example allows you to start or stop a service directly, and separately bind/unbind from the service. When the service is running, it increments a number at 10Hz. If the activity is bound to the service, it will display the current value. Data is transferred as an Integer and as a String so you can see how to do that two different ways. There are also buttons in the activity to send messages to the service (changes the increment-by value). Screenshot: AndroidManifest.xml: <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?> <manifest xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android" package="com.exampleservice" android:versionCode="1" android:versionName="1.0"> <application android:icon="@drawable/icon" android:label="@string/app_name"> <activity android:name=".MainActivity" android:label="@string/app_name"> <intent-filter> <action android:name="android.intent.action.MAIN" /> <category android:name="android.intent.category.LAUNCHER" /> </intent-filter> </activity> <service android:name=".MyService"></service> </application> <uses-sdk android:minSdkVersion="8" /> </manifest> res\values\strings.xml: <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?> <resources> <string name="app_name">ExampleService</string> <string name="service_started">Example Service started</string> <string name="service_label">Example Service Label</string> </resources> res\layout\main.xml: <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?> <LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android" android:orientation="vertical" android:layout_width="fill_parent" android:layout_height="fill_parent" > <RelativeLayout android:id="@+id/RelativeLayout01" android:layout_width="fill_parent" android:layout_height="wrap_content"> <Button android:id="@+id/btnStart" android:layout_width="wrap_content" android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:text="Start Service"></Button> <Button android:id="@+id/btnStop" android:layout_width="wrap_content" android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:text="Stop Service" android:layout_alignParentRight="true"></Button> </RelativeLayout> <RelativeLayout android:id="@+id/RelativeLayout02" android:layout_width="fill_parent" android:layout_height="wrap_content"> <Button android:id="@+id/btnBind" android:layout_width="wrap_content" android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:text="Bind to Service"></Button> <Button android:id="@+id/btnUnbind" android:layout_width="wrap_content" android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:text="Unbind from Service" android:layout_alignParentRight="true"></Button> </RelativeLayout> <TextView android:id="@+id/textStatus" android:textSize="24sp" android:layout_width="fill_parent" android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:text="Status Goes Here" /> <TextView android:id="@+id/textIntValue" android:textSize="24sp" android:layout_width="fill_parent" android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:text="Integer Value Goes Here" /> <TextView android:id="@+id/textStrValue" android:textSize="24sp" android:layout_width="fill_parent" android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:text="String Value Goes Here" /> <RelativeLayout android:id="@+id/RelativeLayout03" android:layout_width="fill_parent" android:layout_height="wrap_content"> <Button android:id="@+id/btnUpby1" android:layout_width="wrap_content" android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:text="Increment by 1"></Button> <Button android:id="@+id/btnUpby10" android:layout_width="wrap_content" android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:text="Increment by 10" android:layout_alignParentRight="true"></Button> </RelativeLayout> </LinearLayout> src\com.exampleservice\MainActivity.java: package com.exampleservice; import android.app.Activity; import android.content.ComponentName; import android.content.Context; import android.content.Intent; import android.content.ServiceConnection; import android.os.Bundle; import android.os.Handler; import android.os.IBinder; import android.os.Message; import android.os.Messenger; import android.os.RemoteException; import android.util.Log; import android.view.View; import android.view.View.OnClickListener; import android.widget.Button; import android.widget.TextView; public class MainActivity extends Activity { Button btnStart, btnStop, btnBind, btnUnbind, btnUpby1, btnUpby10; TextView textStatus, textIntValue, textStrValue; Messenger mService = null; boolean mIsBound; final Messenger mMessenger = new Messenger(new IncomingHandler()); class IncomingHandler extends Handler { @Override public void handleMessage(Message msg) { switch (msg.what) { case MyService.MSG_SET_INT_VALUE: textIntValue.setText("Int Message: " + msg.arg1); break; case MyService.MSG_SET_STRING_VALUE: String str1 = msg.getData().getString("str1"); textStrValue.setText("Str Message: " + str1); break; default: super.handleMessage(msg); } } } private ServiceConnection mConnection = new ServiceConnection() { public void onServiceConnected(ComponentName className, IBinder service) { mService = new Messenger(service); textStatus.setText("Attached."); try { Message msg = Message.obtain(null, MyService.MSG_REGISTER_CLIENT); msg.replyTo = mMessenger; mService.send(msg); } catch (RemoteException e) { // In this case the service has crashed before we could even do anything with it } } public void onServiceDisconnected(ComponentName className) { // This is called when the connection with the service has been unexpectedly disconnected - process crashed. mService = null; textStatus.setText("Disconnected."); } }; @Override public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) { super.onCreate(savedInstanceState); setContentView(R.layout.main); btnStart = (Button)findViewById(R.id.btnStart); btnStop = (Button)findViewById(R.id.btnStop); btnBind = (Button)findViewById(R.id.btnBind); btnUnbind = (Button)findViewById(R.id.btnUnbind); textStatus = (TextView)findViewById(R.id.textStatus); textIntValue = (TextView)findViewById(R.id.textIntValue); textStrValue = (TextView)findViewById(R.id.textStrValue); btnUpby1 = (Button)findViewById(R.id.btnUpby1); btnUpby10 = (Button)findViewById(R.id.btnUpby10); btnStart.setOnClickListener(btnStartListener); btnStop.setOnClickListener(btnStopListener); btnBind.setOnClickListener(btnBindListener); btnUnbind.setOnClickListener(btnUnbindListener); btnUpby1.setOnClickListener(btnUpby1Listener); btnUpby10.setOnClickListener(btnUpby10Listener); restoreMe(savedInstanceState); CheckIfServiceIsRunning(); } @Override protected void onSaveInstanceState(Bundle outState) { super.onSaveInstanceState(outState); outState.putString("textStatus", textStatus.getText().toString()); outState.putString("textIntValue", textIntValue.getText().toString()); outState.putString("textStrValue", textStrValue.getText().toString()); } private void restoreMe(Bundle state) { if (state!=null) { textStatus.setText(state.getString("textStatus")); textIntValue.setText(state.getString("textIntValue")); textStrValue.setText(state.getString("textStrValue")); } } private void CheckIfServiceIsRunning() { //If the service is running when the activity starts, we want to automatically bind to it. if (MyService.isRunning()) { doBindService(); } } private OnClickListener btnStartListener = new OnClickListener() { public void onClick(View v){ startService(new Intent(MainActivity.this, MyService.class)); } }; private OnClickListener btnStopListener = new OnClickListener() { public void onClick(View v){ doUnbindService(); stopService(new Intent(MainActivity.this, MyService.class)); } }; private OnClickListener btnBindListener = new OnClickListener() { public void onClick(View v){ doBindService(); } }; private OnClickListener btnUnbindListener = new OnClickListener() { public void onClick(View v){ doUnbindService(); } }; private OnClickListener btnUpby1Listener = new OnClickListener() { public void onClick(View v){ sendMessageToService(1); } }; private OnClickListener btnUpby10Listener = new OnClickListener() { public void onClick(View v){ sendMessageToService(10); } }; private void sendMessageToService(int intvaluetosend) { if (mIsBound) { if (mService != null) { try { Message msg = Message.obtain(null, MyService.MSG_SET_INT_VALUE, intvaluetosend, 0); msg.replyTo = mMessenger; mService.send(msg); } catch (RemoteException e) { } } } } void doBindService() { bindService(new Intent(this, MyService.class), mConnection, Context.BIND_AUTO_CREATE); mIsBound = true; textStatus.setText("Binding."); } void doUnbindService() { if (mIsBound) { // If we have received the service, and hence registered with it, then now is the time to unregister. if (mService != null) { try { Message msg = Message.obtain(null, MyService.MSG_UNREGISTER_CLIENT); msg.replyTo = mMessenger; mService.send(msg); } catch (RemoteException e) { // There is nothing special we need to do if the service has crashed. } } // Detach our existing connection. unbindService(mConnection); mIsBound = false; textStatus.setText("Unbinding."); } } @Override protected void onDestroy() { super.onDestroy(); try { doUnbindService(); } catch (Throwable t) { Log.e("MainActivity", "Failed to unbind from the service", t); } } } src\com.exampleservice\MyService.java: package com.exampleservice; import java.util.ArrayList; import java.util.Timer; import java.util.TimerTask; import android.app.Notification; import android.app.NotificationManager; import android.app.PendingIntent; import android.app.Service; import android.content.Intent; import android.os.Bundle; import android.os.Handler; import android.os.IBinder; import android.os.Message; import android.os.Messenger; import android.os.RemoteException; import android.util.Log; public class MyService extends Service { private NotificationManager nm; private Timer timer = new Timer(); private int counter = 0, incrementby = 1; private static boolean isRunning = false; ArrayList<Messenger> mClients = new ArrayList<Messenger>(); // Keeps track of all current registered clients. int mValue = 0; // Holds last value set by a client. static final int MSG_REGISTER_CLIENT = 1; static final int MSG_UNREGISTER_CLIENT = 2; static final int MSG_SET_INT_VALUE = 3; static final int MSG_SET_STRING_VALUE = 4; final Messenger mMessenger = new Messenger(new IncomingHandler()); // Target we publish for clients to send messages to IncomingHandler. @Override public IBinder onBind(Intent intent) { return mMessenger.getBinder(); } class IncomingHandler extends Handler { // Handler of incoming messages from clients. @Override public void handleMessage(Message msg) { switch (msg.what) { case MSG_REGISTER_CLIENT: mClients.add(msg.replyTo); break; case MSG_UNREGISTER_CLIENT: mClients.remove(msg.replyTo); break; case MSG_SET_INT_VALUE: incrementby = msg.arg1; break; default: super.handleMessage(msg); } } } private void sendMessageToUI(int intvaluetosend) { for (int i=mClients.size()-1; i>=0; i--) { try { // Send data as an Integer mClients.get(i).send(Message.obtain(null, MSG_SET_INT_VALUE, intvaluetosend, 0)); //Send data as a String Bundle b = new Bundle(); b.putString("str1", "ab" + intvaluetosend + "cd"); Message msg = Message.obtain(null, MSG_SET_STRING_VALUE); msg.setData(b); mClients.get(i).send(msg); } catch (RemoteException e) { // The client is dead. Remove it from the list; we are going through the list from back to front so this is safe to do inside the loop. mClients.remove(i); } } } @Override public void onCreate() { super.onCreate(); Log.i("MyService", "Service Started."); showNotification(); timer.scheduleAtFixedRate(new TimerTask(){ public void run() {onTimerTick();}}, 0, 100L); isRunning = true; } private void showNotification() { nm = (NotificationManager)getSystemService(NOTIFICATION_SERVICE); // In this sample, we'll use the same text for the ticker and the expanded notification CharSequence text = getText(R.string.service_started); // Set the icon, scrolling text and timestamp Notification notification = new Notification(R.drawable.icon, text, System.currentTimeMillis()); // The PendingIntent to launch our activity if the user selects this notification PendingIntent contentIntent = PendingIntent.getActivity(this, 0, new Intent(this, MainActivity.class), 0); // Set the info for the views that show in the notification panel. notification.setLatestEventInfo(this, getText(R.string.service_label), text, contentIntent); // Send the notification. // We use a layout id because it is a unique number. We use it later to cancel. nm.notify(R.string.service_started, notification); } @Override public int onStartCommand(Intent intent, int flags, int startId) { Log.i("MyService", "Received start id " + startId + ": " + intent); return START_STICKY; // run until explicitly stopped. } public static boolean isRunning() { return isRunning; } private void onTimerTick() { Log.i("TimerTick", "Timer doing work." + counter); try { counter += incrementby; sendMessageToUI(counter); } catch (Throwable t) { //you should always ultimately catch all exceptions in timer tasks. Log.e("TimerTick", "Timer Tick Failed.", t); } } @Override public void onDestroy() { super.onDestroy(); if (timer != null) {timer.cancel();} counter=0; nm.cancel(R.string.service_started); // Cancel the persistent notification. Log.i("MyService", "Service Stopped."); isRunning = false; } }

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• Lock statement vs Monitor.Enter method.

  - by Vokinneberg

  I suppose it is an interesting code example. We have a class, let's call it Test with Finalize method. In Main method here is two code blocks where i am using lock statement and Monitor.Enter call. Also i have two instances of class Test here. The experiment is pretty simple - nulling Test variable within locking block and try to collect it manually with GC.Collect method call. So, to see the Finilaze call i am calling GC.WaitForPendingFinalizers method. Everything is very simple as you can see. By defenition of lock statement it's opens by compiler to try{...}finally{..} block with Minitor.Enter call inside of try block and Monitor.Exit in finally block. I've tryed to implement try-finally block manually. I've expected the same behaviour in both cases. in case of using lock and in case of unsing Monitor.Enter. But, surprize, surprize - it is different as you can see below. public class Test : IDisposable { private string name; public Test(string name) { this.name = name; } ~Test() { Console.WriteLine(string.Format("Finalizing class name {0}.", name)); } } class Program { static void Main(string[] args) { var test1 = new Test("Test1"); var test2 = new Test("Tesst2"); lock (test1) { test1 = null; Console.WriteLine("Manual collect 1."); GC.Collect(); GC.WaitForPendingFinalizers(); Console.WriteLine("Manual collect 2."); GC.Collect(); } var lockTaken = false; System.Threading.Monitor.Enter(test2, ref lockTaken); try { test2 = null; Console.WriteLine("Manual collect 3."); GC.Collect(); GC.WaitForPendingFinalizers(); Console.WriteLine("Manual collect 4."); GC.Collect(); } finally { System.Threading.Monitor.Exit(test2); } Console.ReadLine(); } } Output of this example is Manual collect 1. Manual collect 2. Manual collect 3. Finalizing class name Test2. Manual collect 4. And null reference exception in last finally block because test2 is null reference. I've was surprised and disasembly my code into IL. So, here is IL dump of Main method. .entrypoint .maxstack 2 .locals init ( [0] class ConsoleApplication2.Test test1, [1] class ConsoleApplication2.Test test2, [2] bool lockTaken, [3] bool <>s__LockTaken0, [4] class ConsoleApplication2.Test CS$2$0000, [5] bool CS$4$0001) L_0000: nop L_0001: ldstr "Test1" L_0006: newobj instance void ConsoleApplication2.Test::.ctor(string) L_000b: stloc.0 L_000c: ldstr "Tesst2" L_0011: newobj instance void ConsoleApplication2.Test::.ctor(string) L_0016: stloc.1 L_0017: ldc.i4.0 L_0018: stloc.3 L_0019: ldloc.0 L_001a: dup L_001b: stloc.s CS$2$0000 L_001d: ldloca.s <>s__LockTaken0 L_001f: call void [mscorlib]System.Threading.Monitor::Enter(object, bool&) L_0024: nop L_0025: nop L_0026: ldnull L_0027: stloc.0 L_0028: ldstr "Manual collect." L_002d: call void [mscorlib]System.Console::WriteLine(string) L_0032: nop L_0033: call void [mscorlib]System.GC::Collect() L_0038: nop L_0039: call void [mscorlib]System.GC::WaitForPendingFinalizers() L_003e: nop L_003f: ldstr "Manual collect." L_0044: call void [mscorlib]System.Console::WriteLine(string) L_0049: nop L_004a: call void [mscorlib]System.GC::Collect() L_004f: nop L_0050: nop L_0051: leave.s L_0066 L_0053: ldloc.3 L_0054: ldc.i4.0 L_0055: ceq L_0057: stloc.s CS$4$0001 L_0059: ldloc.s CS$4$0001 L_005b: brtrue.s L_0065 L_005d: ldloc.s CS$2$0000 L_005f: call void [mscorlib]System.Threading.Monitor::Exit(object) L_0064: nop L_0065: endfinally L_0066: nop L_0067: ldc.i4.0 L_0068: stloc.2 L_0069: ldloc.1 L_006a: ldloca.s lockTaken L_006c: call void [mscorlib]System.Threading.Monitor::Enter(object, bool&) L_0071: nop L_0072: nop L_0073: ldnull L_0074: stloc.1 L_0075: ldstr "Manual collect." L_007a: call void [mscorlib]System.Console::WriteLine(string) L_007f: nop L_0080: call void [mscorlib]System.GC::Collect() L_0085: nop L_0086: call void [mscorlib]System.GC::WaitForPendingFinalizers() L_008b: nop L_008c: ldstr "Manual collect." L_0091: call void [mscorlib]System.Console::WriteLine(string) L_0096: nop L_0097: call void [mscorlib]System.GC::Collect() L_009c: nop L_009d: nop L_009e: leave.s L_00aa L_00a0: nop L_00a1: ldloc.1 L_00a2: call void [mscorlib]System.Threading.Monitor::Exit(object) L_00a7: nop L_00a8: nop L_00a9: endfinally L_00aa: nop L_00ab: call string [mscorlib]System.Console::ReadLine() L_00b0: pop L_00b1: ret .try L_0019 to L_0053 finally handler L_0053 to L_0066 .try L_0072 to L_00a0 finally handler L_00a0 to L_00aa I does not see any difference between lock statement and Monitor.Enter call. So, why i steel have a reference to the instance of test1 in case of lock, and object is not collected by GC, but in case of using Monitor.Enter it is collected and finilized?

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• Effective thread Synchronization in C#

  - by n0vic3c0d3r

  I have a scenario where I need to search from many binary files (using keys) and combine the results (strings). Until now, I have been doing it in a for loop one file after the other. foreach (string file in FileSources.Keys) { aggregatedDefinitions.Append(DefinitionLookup(txtSearchWord.Text, file)); } Since this operation is very slow, I was thinking of using threads, so that I could do IO operations in parallel. Is threading the right way to go. If I use threading, how can I ensure that I get the results in the order I want. I haven't used Threading until now. It would be very helpful if you could suggest some materials/books that would help me solve my problem.

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• Winforms application hungs when switching to another app

  - by joseluisrod

  Hi, I believe I have a potential threading issue. I have a user control that contains the following code: private void btnVerify_Click(object sender, EventArgs e) { if (!backgroundWorkerVerify.IsBusy) { backgroundWorkerVerify.RunWorkerAsync(); } } private void backgroundWorkerVerify_DoWork(object sender, System.ComponentModel.DoWorkEventArgs e) { VerifyAppointments(); } private void backgroundWorkerVerify_RunWorkerCompleted(object sender, System.ComponentModel.RunWorkerCompletedEventArgs e) { MessageBox.Show("Information was Verified.", "Verify", MessageBoxButtons.OK, MessageBoxIcon.Information); CloseEvent(); } vanilla code. but the issue I have is that when the application is running and the users tabs to another application when they return to mine the application is hung, they get a blank screen and they have to kill it. This started when I put the threading code. Could I have some rogue threads out there? what is the best way to zero in a threading problem? The issue can't be recreated on my machine...I know I must be missing something on how to dispose of a backgroundworker properly. Any thoughts are appreciated, Thanks, Jose

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• Winforms application hangs when switching to another app

  - by joseluisrod

  Hi, I believe I have a potential threading issue. I have a user control that contains the following code: private void btnVerify_Click(object sender, EventArgs e) { if (!backgroundWorkerVerify.IsBusy) { backgroundWorkerVerify.RunWorkerAsync(); } } private void backgroundWorkerVerify_DoWork(object sender, System.ComponentModel.DoWorkEventArgs e) { VerifyAppointments(); } private void backgroundWorkerVerify_RunWorkerCompleted(object sender, System.ComponentModel.RunWorkerCompletedEventArgs e) { MessageBox.Show("Information was Verified.", "Verify", MessageBoxButtons.OK, MessageBoxIcon.Information); CloseEvent(); } vanilla code. but the issue I have is that when the application is running and the users tabs to another application when they return to mine the application is hung, they get a blank screen and they have to kill it. This started when I put the threading code. Could I have some rogue threads out there? what is the best way to zero in a threading problem? The issue can't be recreated on my machine...I know I must be missing something on how to dispose of a backgroundworker properly. Any thoughts are appreciated, Thanks, Jose

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• Issue with maxWorkerThreads and thread count

  - by Kartik M

  I have created an ASP.NET application which creates threads in an infinite loop. I set maxWorkerThreads to 20 in processModel in machine.config. When I checked the Thread count in perfmon there was around 7000 threads created in worker process. In PageLoad() I have: using System.Threading; ... int count = 0; var threadList = new System.Collections.Generic.List<System.Threading.Thread>(); try { while (true) { Thread newThread = new Thread(ThreadStart(DummyCall), 1024); newThread.Start(); threadList.Add(newThread); count++; } } catch (Exception ex) { Response.Write(count + " : " + ex.ToString()); } Function: void DummyCall() { System.Threading.Thread.Sleep(1000000000); } How do I restrict thread creation in ASP.NET with IIS6/7?

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• Can NSTask safely be used outside the main thread?

  - by neoneye

  Yesterday I read somewhere that NSTask isn't thread safe and that bothers me a lot, because I'm running a NSTask within a NSThread and is so far not experiencing any threading issues with it. My code is organized like this A: main thread -> B: worker thread -> C: worker task C: The worker task is a commandline program. B: The worker thread can start/stop the worker task and send it commands. A: The main thread can send commands to the worker thread. If NSTask is supposed to be used only within the main thread, then I'm considering moving the NSTask start/stop code to the main thread, just to prevent possible threading issues. Can NSTask be used outside the main thread? And if not then what may be the threading issues with NSTask?

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• How to control a subthread process in python?

  - by SpawnCxy

  Code first: '''this is main structure of my program''' from twisted.web import http from twisted.protocols import basic import threading threadstop = False #thread trigger,to be done class MyThread(threading.Thread): def __init__(self): threading.Thread.__init__(self) self.start() def run(self): while True: if threadstop: return dosomething() '''def some function''' if __name__ == '__main__': from twisted.internet import reactor t = MyThread() reactor.listenTCP(serverport,myHttpFactory()) reactor.run() As my first multithread program,I feel happy that it works as expected.But now I find I cannot control it.If I run it on front,Control+C can only stop the main process,and I can still find it in processlist;if I run it in background,I have to use kill -9 pid to stop it.And I wonder if there's a way to control the subthread process by a trigger variale,or a better way to stop the whole process other than kill -9.Thanks.

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• Perform tasks with delay, without delaying web response (ASP.NET)

  - by Tomas Lycken

  I'm working on a feature that needs to send two text messages with a 30 second delay, and it is crucial that both text messages are sent. Currently, this feature is built with ajax requests, that are sent with a 30 second javascript delay, but since this requires the user to have his browser open and left on the same page for at least 30 seconds, it is not a method I like. Instead, I have tried to solve this with threading. This is what I've done: Public Shared Sub Larma() Dim thread As New System.Threading.Thread(AddressOf Larma_Thread) thread.Start() End Sub Private Shared Sub Larma_Thread() StartaLarm() Thread.Sleep(1000 * 30) StoppaLarm() End Sub A web handler calls Larma(), and StartaLarm() and StoppaLarm() are the methods that send the first and second text messages respectively. However, I only get the first text message delivered - the second is never sent. Am I doing something wrong here? I have no deep understanding of how threading works in ASP.NET, so please let me know how to accomplish this.

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• JavaMail application won't send email to external SMTP server

  - by Luiz Cruz

  This is actually a question from an exam, but I believe it could help others troubleshooting a similar situation. In a system, an e-mail needs to be sent to a certain mailbox. The following Java code, which is part of a larger system, was developed for that. Assume that "example.com" corresponds to a valid registered internet domain. public void sendEmail(){ String s1=”Warning”; String b1=”Contact IT support.”; String r1=”[email protected]”; String d1=”[email protected]”; String h1=”mx.intranet”; Properties p1 = new Properties(); p1.put(“mail.host”, h1); Session session = Session.getDefaultInstance(p1, null); MimeMessage message = new MimeMessage(session); try { message.setFrom(new InternetAddress(r1)); message.addRecipient(Message.RecipientType.TO, new InternetAddress(d1)); message.setSubject(s1); message.setText(b1); Transport.send(message); } catch (MessagingException e){ System.err.println(e); } } The execution of this code, within the testing environment of an application server, does NOT work as expected. The mailbox of the "example.com" server never receives the email, even tough all string values in the code are correctly attributed. The output for the command "netstat -np TCP" in the application server during execution is shown bellow: Src Add Src Port Dest Add Dest Port State 192.168.5.5 54395 192.168.7.1 25 SYN_SENT 192.168.5.5 54390 192.168.7.1 110 TIME_WAIT 192.168.5.5 52001 200.218.208.118 80 CLOSE_WAIT 192.168.5.5 52050 200.218.208.118 80 ESTABLISHED 192.168.5.5 50001 200.255.94.202 25 TIME_WAIT 192.168.5.5 50000 200.255.94.202 25 ESTABLISHED With the exception of the lines that were NAT'd, all others are associated with the Java application server, which created them after the execution of the code above. The e-mail server used in this environment is the production server, which is online and does not require any authentication for internal connections. Based on this situation, point out three possible causes for the problem.

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• Email server can send internal, but messages never arrive at external recipients

  - by Chase Florell

  I'm running MailEnable on my server, and have been for many years. Recently we had an attack on our server, and I was able to close the hole. Since then, our mail server doesn't seem to be sending mail out. If I send an email from myself to another account hosted on the server, the email arrives as expected. If I send an email from my gmail account to my business account, the email also arrives as expected The problem comes when I send from my business account to an external domain I tried the following Gmail.com Hotmail.com Shaw.ca When I send to any of the above The message leaves my client as expected, The logs appear to accept and forward on the message The SMTP outbound que is empty The message never arrives I have checked our domain with mxtoolbox.com senderbase.org And neither of them are reporting any problems with our domain. I have ensured that port 25 is open (along with the other standard ports) Here is one of the log entries from the SMTP connector 11/05/13 12:10:00 SMTP-IN 494C0AF55CD0400FB90FD5E6525BC885.MAI 1312 127.0.0.1 220 mx1.example.com ESMTP MailEnable Service, Version: 6.81--6.81 ready at 11/05/13 12:10:00 0 0 11/05/13 12:10:00 SMTP-IN 494C0AF55CD0400FB90FD5E6525BC885.MAI 1312 127.0.0.1 EHLO EHLO ASSP.nospam 250-mx1.example.com [127.0.0.1], this server offers 6 extensions 159 18 11/05/13 12:10:00 SMTP-IN 494C0AF55CD0400FB90FD5E6525BC885.MAI 1312 127.0.0.1 EHLO EHLO ASSP.nospam 250-mx1.example.com [127.0.0.1], this server offers 6 extensions 159 18 11/05/13 12:10:01 SMTP-IN 494C0AF55CD0400FB90FD5E6525BC885.MAI 1312 127.0.0.1 AUTH AUTH LOGIN 334 VXNlcm5hbWU6 18 12 11/05/13 12:10:01 SMTP-IN 494C0AF55CD0400FB90FD5E6525BC885.MAI 1312 127.0.0.1 AUTH {blank} 334 UGFzc3dvcmQ6 18 26 [email protected] 11/05/13 12:10:01 SMTP-IN 494C0AF55CD0400FB90FD5E6525BC885.MAI 1312 127.0.0.1 AUTH Y29sb25lbGZhY2U= 235 Authenticated 19 18 [email protected] 11/05/13 12:10:01 SMTP-IN 494C0AF55CD0400FB90FD5E6525BC885.MAI 1312 127.0.0.1 MAIL MAIL FROM:<[email protected]> 250 Requested mail action okay, completed 43 31 [email protected] 11/05/13 12:10:01 SMTP-IN 494C0AF55CD0400FB90FD5E6525BC885.MAI 1312 127.0.0.1 RCPT RCPT TO:<[email protected]> 250 Requested mail action okay, completed 43 35 [email protected] 11/05/13 12:10:01 SMTP-IN 494C0AF55CD0400FB90FD5E6525BC885.MAI 1312 127.0.0.1 DATA DATA 354 Start mail input; end with <CRLF>.<CRLF> 46 6 [email protected] Here are the headers of the sent message X-Assp-Version: 1.7.5.7(1.0.07) on ASSP.nospam X-Assp-ID: ASSP.nospam 78601-04523 X-Assp-Intended-For: [email protected] X-Assp-Envelope-From: [email protected] Received: from [10.10.1.101] ([68.147.245.149] helo=[10.10.1.101]) with IPv4:587 by ASSP.nospam; 5 Nov 2013 12:10:00 -0700 From: Chase Florell <[email protected]> Content-Type: text/plain Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit Subject: Test Message Message-Id: <[email protected]> Date: Tue, 5 Nov 2013 12:10:18 -0700 To: Chase Florell <[email protected]> Mime-Version: 1.0 (Mac OS X Mail 7.0 \(1816\)) X-Mailer: Apple Mail (2.1816) . Where else can I check to see if there is something broken? What could cause a problem like this whereby the message appears to send, but never arrives, and never returns a bounce?

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• Exchange IMAP4 connector - Error Event ID 2006

  - by MikeB

  Hi, A couple of users in my organisation use IMAP4 to connect to Exchange 2007 (Update rollup 9 applied) because they prefer Thunderbird / Postbox clients. One of the users is generating errors in the Application Log as follows: An exception Microsoft.Exchange.Data.Storage.ConversionFailedException occurred while converting message Imap4Message 1523, user "*******", folder *********, subject: "******", date: "*******" into MIME format. Microsoft.Exchange.Data.Storage.ConversionFailedException: Message content has become corrupted. ---> System.ArgumentException: Value should be a valid content type in the form 'token/token' Parameter name: value at Microsoft.Exchange.Data.Mime.ContentTypeHeader.set_Value(String value) at Microsoft.Exchange.Data.Storage.MimeStreamWriter.WriteHeader(HeaderId type, String data) at Microsoft.Exchange.Data.Storage.ItemToMimeConverter.WriteMimeStreamAttachment(StreamAttachmentBase attachment, MimeFlags flags) --- End of inner exception stack trace --- at Microsoft.Exchange.Data.Storage.ItemToMimeConverter.WriteMimeStreamAttachment(StreamAttachmentBase attachment, MimeFlags flags) at Microsoft.Exchange.Data.Storage.ItemToMimeConverter.WriteMimeAttachment(MimePartInfo part, MimeFlags flags) at Microsoft.Exchange.Data.Storage.ItemToMimeConverter.WriteMimePart(MimePartInfo part, MimeFlags mimeFlags) at Microsoft.Exchange.Data.Storage.ItemToMimeConverter.WriteMimeParts(List`1 parts, MimeFlags mimeFlags) at Microsoft.Exchange.Data.Storage.ItemToMimeConverter.WriteMimePart(MimePartInfo part, MimeFlags mimeFlags) at Microsoft.Exchange.Data.Storage.ImapItemConverter.<>c__DisplayClass2.<WriteMimePart>b__0() at Microsoft.Exchange.Data.Storage.ConvertUtils.CallCts(Trace tracer, String methodName, String exceptionString, CtsCall ctsCall) at Microsoft.Exchange.Data.Storage.ImapItemConverter.WriteMimePart(ItemToMimeConverter converter, MimeStreamWriter writer, OutboundConversionOptions options, MimePartInfo partInfo, MimeFlags conversionFlags) at Microsoft.Exchange.Data.Storage.ImapItemConverter.GetBody(Stream outStream) at Microsoft.Exchange.Data.Storage.ImapItemConverter.GetBody(Stream outStream, UInt32[] indices) From my reading around it seems that the suggestion is to ask users to log in to Outlook / OWA and view the messages there. However, having logged in as the users myself, the messages cannot be found either through searching or by browsing the folder detailed in the log entry. The server returns the following error to the client: "The message could not be retrieved using the IMAP4 protocol. The message has not been deleted and may be accessible using either Microsoft Outlook or Microsoft Office Outlook Web Access. You can also try contacting the original sender of the message to find out about the contents of the message. Retrieval of this message will be retried when the server is updated with a fix that addresses the problem." Messages were transferred in to Exchange by copying them from the old Apple Xserve, accessed using IMAP. So my question, finally: 1. Is there any way to get the IMAP Exchange connector to rebuild its cache of messages since it doesn't seem to be pulling them directly from the MAPI store? 2. Alternatively, if there is no database, any ideas on why these messages don't appear in Outlook or OWA would be gratefully received. Many thanks, Mike

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• Exchange IMAP4 connector - Error Event ID 2006

  - by MikeB

  A couple of users in my organisation use IMAP4 to connect to Exchange 2007 (Update rollup 9 applied) because they prefer Thunderbird / Postbox clients. One of the users is generating errors in the Application Log as follows: An exception Microsoft.Exchange.Data.Storage.ConversionFailedException occurred while converting message Imap4Message 1523, user "*******", folder *********, subject: "******", date: "*******" into MIME format. Microsoft.Exchange.Data.Storage.ConversionFailedException: Message content has become corrupted. ---> System.ArgumentException: Value should be a valid content type in the form 'token/token' Parameter name: value at Microsoft.Exchange.Data.Mime.ContentTypeHeader.set_Value(String value) at Microsoft.Exchange.Data.Storage.MimeStreamWriter.WriteHeader(HeaderId type, String data) at Microsoft.Exchange.Data.Storage.ItemToMimeConverter.WriteMimeStreamAttachment(StreamAttachmentBase attachment, MimeFlags flags) --- End of inner exception stack trace --- at Microsoft.Exchange.Data.Storage.ItemToMimeConverter.WriteMimeStreamAttachment(StreamAttachmentBase attachment, MimeFlags flags) at Microsoft.Exchange.Data.Storage.ItemToMimeConverter.WriteMimeAttachment(MimePartInfo part, MimeFlags flags) at Microsoft.Exchange.Data.Storage.ItemToMimeConverter.WriteMimePart(MimePartInfo part, MimeFlags mimeFlags) at Microsoft.Exchange.Data.Storage.ItemToMimeConverter.WriteMimeParts(List`1 parts, MimeFlags mimeFlags) at Microsoft.Exchange.Data.Storage.ItemToMimeConverter.WriteMimePart(MimePartInfo part, MimeFlags mimeFlags) at Microsoft.Exchange.Data.Storage.ImapItemConverter.<>c__DisplayClass2.<WriteMimePart>b__0() at Microsoft.Exchange.Data.Storage.ConvertUtils.CallCts(Trace tracer, String methodName, String exceptionString, CtsCall ctsCall) at Microsoft.Exchange.Data.Storage.ImapItemConverter.WriteMimePart(ItemToMimeConverter converter, MimeStreamWriter writer, OutboundConversionOptions options, MimePartInfo partInfo, MimeFlags conversionFlags) at Microsoft.Exchange.Data.Storage.ImapItemConverter.GetBody(Stream outStream) at Microsoft.Exchange.Data.Storage.ImapItemConverter.GetBody(Stream outStream, UInt32[] indices) From my reading around it seems that the suggestion is to ask users to log in to Outlook / OWA and view the messages there. However, having logged in as the users myself, the messages cannot be found either through searching or by browsing the folder detailed in the log entry. The server returns the following error to the client: "The message could not be retrieved using the IMAP4 protocol. The message has not been deleted and may be accessible using either Microsoft Outlook or Microsoft Office Outlook Web Access. You can also try contacting the original sender of the message to find out about the contents of the message. Retrieval of this message will be retried when the server is updated with a fix that addresses the problem." Messages were transferred in to Exchange by copying them from the old Apple Xserve, accessed using IMAP. So my question, finally: 1. Is there any way to get the IMAP Exchange connector to rebuild its cache of messages since it doesn't seem to be pulling them directly from the MAPI store? 2. Alternatively, if there is no database, any ideas on why these messages don't appear in Outlook or OWA would be gratefully received. Many thanks, Mike

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• How to resovle javax.mail.AuthenticationFailedException issue?

  - by jl

  Hi, I am doing a sendMail Servlet with JavaMail. I have javax.mail.AuthenticationFailedException on my output. Can anyone please help me out? Thanks. sendMailServlet code: try { String host = "smtp.gmail.com"; String from = "[email protected]"; String pass = "pass"; Properties props = System.getProperties(); props.put("mail.smtp.starttls.enable", "true"); props.put("mail.smtp.host", host); props.put("mail.smtp.user", from); props.put("mail.smtp.password", pass); props.put("mail.smtp.port", "587"); props.put("mail.smtp.auth", "true"); props.put("mail.debug", "true"); Session session = Session.getDefaultInstance(props, null); MimeMessage message = new MimeMessage(session); Address fromAddress = new InternetAddress(from); Address toAddress = new InternetAddress("[email protected]"); message.setFrom(fromAddress); message.setRecipient(Message.RecipientType.TO, toAddress); message.setSubject("Testing JavaMail"); message.setText("Welcome to JavaMail"); Transport transport = session.getTransport("smtp"); transport.connect(host, from, pass); message.saveChanges(); Transport.send(message); transport.close(); }catch(Exception ex){ out.println("<html><head></head><body>"); out.println("ERROR: " + ex); out.println("</body></html>"); } Output on GlassFish 2.1: DEBUG SMTP: trying to connect to host "smtp.gmail.com", port 587, isSSL false 220 mx.google.com ESMTP 36sm10907668yxh.13 DEBUG SMTP: connected to host "smtp.gmail.com", port: 587 EHLO platform-4cfaca 250-mx.google.com at your service, [203.126.159.130] 250-SIZE 35651584 250-8BITMIME 250-STARTTLS 250-ENHANCEDSTATUSCODES 250 PIPELINING DEBUG SMTP: Found extension "SIZE", arg "35651584" DEBUG SMTP: Found extension "8BITMIME", arg "" DEBUG SMTP: Found extension "STARTTLS", arg "" DEBUG SMTP: Found extension "ENHANCEDSTATUSCODES", arg "" DEBUG SMTP: Found extension "PIPELINING", arg "" STARTTLS 220 2.0.0 Ready to start TLS EHLO platform-4cfaca 250-mx.google.com at your service, [203.126.159.130] 250-SIZE 35651584 250-8BITMIME 250-AUTH LOGIN PLAIN 250-ENHANCEDSTATUSCODES 250 PIPELINING DEBUG SMTP: Found extension "SIZE", arg "35651584" DEBUG SMTP: Found extension "8BITMIME", arg "" DEBUG SMTP: Found extension "AUTH", arg "LOGIN PLAIN" DEBUG SMTP: Found extension "ENHANCEDSTATUSCODES", arg "" DEBUG SMTP: Found extension "PIPELINING", arg "" DEBUG SMTP: Attempt to authenticate AUTH LOGIN 334 VXNlcm5hbWU6 aWpveWNlbGVvbmdAZ21haWwuY29t 334 UGFzc3dvcmQ6 MTIzNDU2Nzhf 235 2.7.0 Accepted DEBUG: getProvider() returning javax.mail.Provider[TRANSPORT,smtp,com.sun.mail.smtp.SMTPTransport,Sun Microsystems, Inc] DEBUG SMTP: useEhlo true, useAuth true

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• How to diagnose cause, fix, or work around Adobe ActiveX / COM related error 0x80004005 progmaticall

  - by Streamline

  I've built a C# .NET app that uses the Adobe ActiveX control to display a PDF. It relies on a couple DLLs that get shipped with the application. These DLLs interact with the locally installed Adobe Acrobat or Adobe Acrobat Reader installed on the machine. This app is being used by some customer already and works great for nearly all users ( I check to see that the local machine is running at least version 9 of either Acrobat or Reader already ). I've found 3 cases where the app returns the error message "Error HRESULT E_FAIL has been returned from a call to a COM component" when trying to load (when the activex control is loading). I've checked one of these user's machines and he has Acrobat 9 installed and is using it frequently with no problems. It does appear that Acrobat 7 and 8 were installed at one time since there are entries for them in the registry along with Acrobat 9. I can't reproduce this problem locally, so I am not sure exactly which direction to go. The error at the top of the stacktrace is: System.Runtime.InteropServices.COMException (0x80004005): Error HRESULT E_FAIL has been returned from a call to a COM component. Some research into this error indicates it is a registry problem. Does anyone have a clue as to how to fix or work around this problem, or determine how to get to the core root of the problem? The full content of the error message is this: System.Runtime.InteropServices.COMException (0x80004005): Error HRESULT E_FAIL has been returned from a call to a COM component.    at System.Windows.Forms.UnsafeNativeMethods.CoCreateInstance(Guid& clsid, Object punkOuter, Int32 context, Guid& iid)    at System.Windows.Forms.AxHost.CreateWithoutLicense(Guid clsid)    at System.Windows.Forms.AxHost.CreateWithLicense(String license, Guid clsid)    at System.Windows.Forms.AxHost.CreateInstanceCore(Guid clsid)    at System.Windows.Forms.AxHost.CreateInstance()    at System.Windows.Forms.AxHost.GetOcxCreate()    at System.Windows.Forms.AxHost.TransitionUpTo(Int32 state)    at System.Windows.Forms.AxHost.CreateHandle()    at System.Windows.Forms.Control.CreateControl(Boolean fIgnoreVisible)    at System.Windows.Forms.Control.CreateControl(Boolean fIgnoreVisible)    at System.Windows.Forms.AxHost.EndInit()    at AcrobatChecker.Viewer.InitializeComponent()    at AcrobatChecker.Viewer..ctor()    at AcrobatChecker.Form1.btnViewer_Click(Object sender, EventArgs e)    at System.Windows.Forms.Control.OnClick(EventArgs e)    at System.Windows.Forms.Button.OnClick(EventArgs e)    at System.Windows.Forms.Button.OnMouseUp(MouseEventArgs mevent)    at System.Windows.Forms.Control.WmMouseUp(Message& m, MouseButtons button, Int32 clicks)    at System.Windows.Forms.Control.WndProc(Message& m)    at System.Windows.Forms.ButtonBase.WndProc(Message& m)    at System.Windows.Forms.Button.WndProc(Message& m)    at System.Windows.Forms.Control.ControlNativeWindow.OnMessage(Message& m)    at System.Windows.Forms.Control.ControlNativeWindow.WndProc(Message& m)    at System.Windows.Forms.NativeWindow.Callback(IntPtr hWnd, Int32 msg, IntPtr wparam, IntPtr lparam)

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• the HTTP request is unauthorized with client authentication scheme 'Anonymous'

  - by user1246429

  I use firstdata webservice API.I use C# client call firstdata webservice API with WCF. But show error message: "But show error message "System.ServiceModel.Security.MessageSecurityException: The HTTP request is unauthorized with client authentication scheme 'Anonymous'. The authentication header received from the server was ''. --- System.Net.WebException: The remote server returned an error: (401) Unauthorized. at System.Net.HttpWebRequest.GetResponse() at System.ServiceModel.Channels.HttpChannelFactory.HttpRequestChannel.HttpChannelRequest.WaitForReply(TimeSpan timeout) --- End of inner exception stack trace --- Server stack trace: at System.ServiceModel.Channels.HttpChannelUtilities.ValidateAuthentication(HttpWebRequest request, HttpWebResponse response, WebException responseException, HttpChannelFactory factory) at System.ServiceModel.Channels.HttpChannelUtilities.ValidateRequestReplyResponse(HttpWebRequest request, HttpWebResponse response, HttpChannelFactory factory, WebException responseException, ChannelBinding channelBinding) at System.ServiceModel.Channels.HttpChannelFactory.HttpRequestChannel.HttpChannelRequest.WaitForReply(TimeSpan timeout) at System.ServiceModel.Channels.RequestChannel.Request(Message message, TimeSpan timeout) at System.ServiceModel.Dispatcher.RequestChannelBinder.Request(Message message, TimeSpan timeout) at System.ServiceModel.Channels.ServiceChannel.Call(String action, Boolean oneway, ProxyOperationRuntime operation, Object[] ins, Object[] outs, TimeSpan timeout) at System.ServiceModel.Channels.ServiceChannelProxy.InvokeService(IMethodCallMessage methodCall, ProxyOperationRuntime operation) at System.ServiceModel.Channels.ServiceChannelProxy.Invoke(IMessage message) Exception rethrown at [0]: at System.Runtime.Remoting.Proxies.RealProxy.HandleReturnMessage(IMessage reqMsg, IMessage retMsg) at System.Runtime.Remoting.Proxies.RealProxy.PrivateInvoke(MessageData& msgData, Int32 type) at com.firstdata.globalgatewaye4.api.ServiceSoap.SendAndCommit(SendAndCommitRequest request) at com.firstdata.globalgatewaye4.api.ServiceSoapClient.com.firstdata.globalgatewaye4.api.ServiceSoap.SendAndCommit (SendAndCommitRequest request) at com.firstdata.globalgatewaye4.api.ServiceSoapClient.SendAndCommit(Transaction SendAndCommitSource)" My web.config info below: <behaviors> <endpointBehaviors> <behavior name="FDGGBehavior"> <clientCredentials> <clientCertificate findValue="WS1909642825._.1" storeLocation="LocalMachine" x509FindType="FindBySubjectName" storeName="TrustedPeople" /> <serviceCertificate> <authentication certificateValidationMode="PeerTrust" /> </serviceCertificate> </clientCredentials> </behavior> </endpointBehaviors> </behaviors> <binding name="ServiceSoap" closeTimeout="00:01:00" openTimeout="00:01:00" receiveTimeout="00:10:00" sendTimeout="00:01:00" allowCookies="false" bypassProxyOnLocal="false" hostNameComparisonMode="StrongWildcard" maxBufferSize="65536" maxBufferPoolSize="524288" maxReceivedMessageSize="65536" messageEncoding="Text" textEncoding="utf-8" transferMode="Buffered" useDefaultWebProxy="true"> <readerQuotas maxDepth="32" maxStringContentLength="8192" maxArrayLength="16384" maxBytesPerRead="4096" maxNameTableCharCount="16384" /> <security mode="TransportWithMessageCredential"> <transport clientCredentialType="Certificate" proxyCredentialType="Ntlm" /> <message clientCredentialType="UserName" algorithmSuite="Default" /> </security> </binding> <endpoint address="https://api.globalgatewaye4.firstdata.com/transaction/v11" binding="basicHttpBinding" bindingConfiguration="ServiceSoap" contract="com.firstdata.globalgatewaye4.api.ServiceSoap" name="ServiceSoap" behaviorConfiguration="FDGGBehavior" /> How can resolve question?

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• Winforms connection strings from App.config

  - by Geo Ego

  I have a Winforms app that I am developing in C# that will serve as a frontend for a SQL Server 2005 database. I rolled the executable out to a test machine and ran it. It worked perfectly fine on the test machine up until the last round of changes that I made. However, now on the test machine, it throws the following exception immediately upon opening: System.NullReferenceException: Object reference not set to an instance of an object. at PSRD_Specs_Database_Administrat.mainMenu.mainMenu_Load(Object sender, EventArgs e) at System.Windows.Forms.Form.OnLoad(EventArgs e) at System.Windows.Forms.Form.OnCreateControl() at System.Windows.Forms.Control.CreateControl(Boolean fIgnoreVisible) at System.Windows.Forms.Control.CreateControl() at System.Windows.Forms.Control.WmShowWindow(Message& m) at System.Windows.Forms.Control.WndProc(Message& m) at System.Windows.Forms.ScrollableControl.WndProc(Message& m) at System.Windows.Forms.ContainerControl.WndProc(Message& m) at System.Windows.Forms.Form.WmShowWindow(Message& m) at System.Windows.Forms.Form.WndProc(Message& m) at System.Windows.Forms.Control.ControlNativeWindow.OnMessage(Message& m) at System.Windows.Forms.Control.ControlNativeWindow.WndProc(Message& m) at System.Windows.Forms.NativeWindow.Callback(IntPtr hWnd, Int32 msg, IntPtr wparam, IntPtr lparam) The only thing that I changed in this version that pertains to mainMenu_Load is the way that the connection string to the database is called. Previously, I had set a string with the connection string on every form that I needed to call it from, like: string conString = "Data Source = SHAREPOINT;Trusted_Connection = yes;" + "database = CustomerDatabase;connection timeout = 15"; As my app grew and I added forms to it, I decided to add an App.config to the project. I defined the connection string in it: <connectionStrings> <add name="conString" providerName="System.Data.SqlClient" connectionString="Data Source = SHAREPOINT;Trusted_Connection = yes;database = CustomerDatabase;connection timeout = 15" /> </connectionStrings> I then created a static string that would return the conString: public static string GetConnectionString(string conName) { string strReturn = string.Empty; if (!(string.IsNullOrEmpty(conName))) { strReturn = ConfigurationManager.ConnectionStrings[conName].ConnectionString; } else { strReturn = ConfigurationManager.ConnectionStrings["conString"].ConnectionString; } return strReturn; } I removed the conString variable and now call the connection string like so: PublicMethods.GetConnectionString("conString").ToString() It appears that this is giving me the error. I changed these instances to directly call the connection string from App.config without using GetConnectionString. For instance, in a SQLConnection: using (SqlConnection con = new SqlConnection(ConfigurationManager.ConnectionStrings["conString"].ConnectionString)) This also threw the exception. However, when I went back to using the conString variable on each form, I had no issues. What I don't understand is why all three methods work fine on my development machine, while using the App.config directly or via the static string I created throw exceptions.

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• properly setting email subject line delivered from email form

  - by DC1

  I have a email form for my website but here is the issue: when i receive an email, the subject line in my inbox shows whatever the user inputted as subject in the form. id like to override that so that whenever an email comes in. the subject in the email header is always "an inquiry from your website". In the message body, sure i don't mind their specific subject they entered but when I receive an email, id like consistency in my inbox. this is the current code: <?php session_start(); if(isset($_POST['Submit'])) { if( $_SESSION['chapcha_code'] == $_POST['chapcha_code'] && !empty($_SESSION['chapcha_code'] ) ) { $youremail = 'xxxxxxxxx'; $fromsubject = 'An inquiry from your website'; $title = $_POST['title']; $fname = $_POST['fname']; $lname = $_POST['lname']; $mail = $_POST['mail']; $address = $_POST['address']; $city = $_POST['city']; $zip = $_POST['zip']; $country = $_POST['country']; $phone = $_POST['phone']; $subject = $_POST['subject']; $message = $_POST['message']; $headers = "From: $nome <$mail>\r\n"; $to = $youremail; $mailsubject = 'Message received from'.$fromsubject.' Contact Page'; $body = $fromsubject.' The person that contacted you is '.$fname.' '.$lname.' Address: '.$address.' '.$city.', '.$zip.', '.$country.' Phone Number: '.$phone.' E-mail: '.$mail.' Subject: '.$subject.' Message: '.$message.' |---------END MESSAGE----------|'; echo "Thank you for inquiring. We will contact you shortly.<br/>You may return to our <a href='/index.html'>Home Page</a>"; mail($to, $subject, $body, $headers); unset($_SESSION['chapcha_code']); } else { echo 'Sorry, you have provided an invalid security code'; } } else { echo "You must write a message. </br> Please visit our <a href='/contact.html'>Contact Page</a> and try again."; } ?>

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• SELECT SQL statement problem when getting info from an accdb in VB.Net

  - by Shane Fagan

  Hi again all, im getting the error below for this SQL statement in VB.Net SQLString = "SELECT AllPropertyDetails.PropertyID, Street, Town, County, Acres, Quotas, ResidenceDetails, Status, HighestBid, AskingPrice FROM AllPropertyDetails " SQLString += "INNER JOIN Land ON AllPropertyDetails.PropertyID = Land.PropertyID " SQLString += "WHERE Deleted = False " If PriceRadioButton.Checked = True Then SQLString += "ORDER BY AskingPrice ASC" ElseIf AcresRadioButton.Checked = True Then SQLString += "ORDER BY Acres ASC" End If Any ideas why its not working? The fields in the DB and the table names seem ok but its not working :/ System.InvalidOperationException was unhandled Message="An error occurred creating the form. See Exception.InnerException for details. The error is: No value given for one or more required parameters." Source="AuctioneerProject" StackTrace: at AuctioneerProject.My.MyProject.MyForms.Create__Instance__[T](T Instance) in 17d14f5c-a337-4978-8281-53493378c1071.vb:line 190 at AuctioneerProject.My.MyProject.MyForms.get_LandReport() at AuctioneerProject.ReportsMenu.LandButton_Click(Object sender, EventArgs e) in C:\Users\admin\Desktop\Auctioneers\AuctioneerProject\AuctioneerProject\ReportsMenu.vb:line 4 at System.Windows.Forms.Control.OnClick(EventArgs e) at System.Windows.Forms.Button.OnClick(EventArgs e) at System.Windows.Forms.Button.OnMouseUp(MouseEventArgs mevent) at System.Windows.Forms.Control.WmMouseUp(Message& m, MouseButtons button, Int32 clicks) at System.Windows.Forms.Control.WndProc(Message& m) at System.Windows.Forms.ButtonBase.WndProc(Message& m) at System.Windows.Forms.Button.WndProc(Message& m) at System.Windows.Forms.Control.ControlNativeWindow.OnMessage(Message& m) at System.Windows.Forms.Control.ControlNativeWindow.WndProc(Message& m) at System.Windows.Forms.NativeWindow.DebuggableCallback(IntPtr hWnd, Int32 msg, IntPtr wparam, IntPtr lparam) at System.Windows.Forms.UnsafeNativeMethods.DispatchMessageW(MSG& msg) at System.Windows.Forms.Application.ComponentManager.System.Windows.Forms.UnsafeNativeMethods.IMsoComponentManager.FPushMessageLoop(Int32 dwComponentID, Int32 reason, Int32 pvLoopData) at System.Windows.Forms.Application.ThreadContext.RunMessageLoopInner(Int32 reason, ApplicationContext context) at System.Windows.Forms.Application.ThreadContext.RunMessageLoop(Int32 reason, ApplicationContext context) at System.Windows.Forms.Application.Run(ApplicationContext context) at Microsoft.VisualBasic.ApplicationServices.WindowsFormsApplicationBase.OnRun() at Microsoft.VisualBasic.ApplicationServices.WindowsFormsApplicationBase.DoApplicationModel() at Microsoft.VisualBasic.ApplicationServices.WindowsFormsApplicationBase.Run(String[] commandLine) at AuctioneerProject.My.MyApplication.Main(String[] Args) in 17d14f5c-a337-4978-8281-53493378c1071.vb:line 81 at System.AppDomain._nExecuteAssembly(Assembly assembly, String[] args) at System.AppDomain.ExecuteAssembly(String assemblyFile, Evidence assemblySecurity, String[] args) at Microsoft.VisualStudio.HostingProcess.HostProc.RunUsersAssembly() at System.Threading.ThreadHelper.ThreadStart_Context(Object state) at System.Threading.ExecutionContext.Run(ExecutionContext executionContext, ContextCallback callback, Object state) at System.Threading.ThreadHelper.ThreadStart() InnerException: System.Data.OleDb.OleDbException ErrorCode=-2147217904 Message="No value given for one or more required parameters." Source="Microsoft Office Access Database Engine" StackTrace: at System.Data.OleDb.OleDbCommand.ExecuteCommandTextErrorHandling(OleDbHResult hr) at System.Data.OleDb.OleDbCommand.ExecuteCommandTextForSingleResult(tagDBPARAMS dbParams, Object& executeResult) at System.Data.OleDb.OleDbCommand.ExecuteCommandText(Object& executeResult) at System.Data.OleDb.OleDbCommand.ExecuteCommand(CommandBehavior behavior, Object& executeResult) at System.Data.OleDb.OleDbCommand.ExecuteReaderInternal(CommandBehavior behavior, String method) at System.Data.OleDb.OleDbCommand.ExecuteReader(CommandBehavior behavior) at System.Data.OleDb.OleDbCommand.ExecuteReader() at AuctioneerProject.LandReport.load_Land() in C:\Users\admin\Desktop\Auctioneers\AuctioneerProject\AuctioneerProject\LandReport.vb:line 37 at AuctioneerProject.LandReport.PriceRadioButton_CheckedChanged(Object sender, EventArgs e) in C:\Users\admin\Desktop\Auctioneers\AuctioneerProject\AuctioneerProject\LandReport.vb:line 79 at System.Windows.Forms.RadioButton.OnCheckedChanged(EventArgs e) at System.Windows.Forms.RadioButton.set_Checked(Boolean value) at AuctioneerProject.LandReport.InitializeComponent() in C:\Users\admin\Desktop\Auctioneers\AuctioneerProject\AuctioneerProject\LandReport.designer.vb:line 40 at AuctioneerProject.LandReport..ctor() in C:\Users\admin\Desktop\Auctioneers\AuctioneerProject\AuctioneerProject\LandReport.vb:line 5 InnerException:

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• How to monitor an existing queue from WebSphere MQ?

  - by Jorge

  I have a .NET application that needs to monitor a queue in WebSphere MQ. I need to react to each message without impacting the current process. The client application can't explicity send me the same message. Can I read a message without removing it from the queue? Can I be notified for each message? Can I configure the MQ to duplicate the current queue? Is there another solution?

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• A simple question about Javascript functions, differences in invocation/definition.

  - by Matthew Willhite

  Can someone please explain the difference between the following function definitions? var alertMessage = function alertMessage(message) { alert(message); } var alertMessage = function(message) { alert(message); } What are the implications of each? Thanks!

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