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• list python package dependencies without loading them ?

  - by Denis

  Say that python package A requires B, C and D; is there a way to list A → B C D without loading them ? Requires in the metadata (yolk -M A) are often incomplete, grr. One can download A.tar / A.egg, then look through A/setup.py, but some of those are pretty gory. (I'd have thought that getting at least first-level dependencies could be mechanized; even a 98 % solution would be better than avalanching downloads.) A related question: pip-upgrade-package-without-upgrading-dependencies

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• Beginner questions regarding Python classes.

  - by Andy

  Hi. I am new to Python so please don't flame me if I ask something too noobish :) 1. Consider I have a class: class Test: def __init__(self, x, y): self.x = x self.y = y def wow(): print 5 * 5 Now I try to create an object of the class: x = Test(3, 4) This works as expected. However, when I try to call the method wow(), it returns an error, which is fixed by changing wow() to: def wow(self) Why do I need to include self and if I don't, what does the method mean?2. In the definition of __init__: def __init__(self, x, y): self.x = x self.y = y Why do I need to declare x and y, when I can do this: def __init__(self): self.x = x self.y = y I hope I am being clear... Thanks for your time.

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• Python ctypes: loading DLL from from a relative path

  - by Frederick

  I have a Python module, wrapper.py, that wraps a C DLL. The DLL lies in the same folder as the module. Therefore, I use the following code to load it: myDll = ctypes.CDLL("MyCDLL.dll") This works if I execute wrapper.py from its own folder. If, however, I run it from elsewhere, ctypes goes looking for DLL in the current working directory and naturally fails. My question is, is there a way by which I can specify the DLL's path relative to the wrapper instead of the current working directory? This will enable me to ship the two together and allow the user to run/import the wrapper from anywhere.

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• IDLE wont start Python 2.6.5

  - by anteater7171

  I was using it as my primary text editor for quite sometime. However, one day it just stopped working. This had happened to me several times before, so I simply tried to end all procceses using windows task manager. However that didn't work. I've recently tried getting it to work again. Whenever I try to reopen it it informs me that it's subprocess couldn't connect. I tried uninstalling it and reinstalling it, yet the problem persists. Anyone have any other solutions? Important facts: Windows 7, Python 2.6.5

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• Python Etiquette: Importing Modules

  - by F3AR3DLEGEND

  Say I have two Python modules: module1.py: import module2 def myFunct(): print "called from module1" module2.py: def myFunct(): print "called from module2" def someFunct(): print "also called from module2" If I import module1, is it better etiquette to re-import module2, or just refer to it as module1.module2? For example (someotherfile.py): import module1 module1.myFunct() # prints "called from module1" module1.module2.myFunct() # prints "called from module2" I can also do this: module2 = module1.module2. Now, I can directly call module2.myFunct(). However, I can change module1.py to: from module2 import * def myFunct(): print "called from module1" Now, in someotherfile.py, I can do this: import module1 module1.myFunct() # prints "called from module1"; overrides module2 module1.someFunct() # prints "also called from module2" Also, by importing *, help('module1') shows all of the functions from module2. On the other hand, (assuming module1.py uses import module2), I can do: someotherfile.py: import module1, module2 module1.myFunct() # prints "called from module1" module2.myFunct() # prints "called from module2" Again, which is better etiquette and practice? To import module2 again, or to just refer to module1's importation?

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• stuck in while loop python

  - by user1717330

  I am creating a chat server in python and got quite far as a noob in the language. I am having 1 problem at the moment which I want to solve before I go further, but I cannot seem to find how to get the problem solved. It is about a while loop that continues.. in the below code is where it goes wrong while 1: try: data = self.channel.recv ( 1024 ) print "Message from client: ", data if "exit" in data: self.channel.send("You have closed youre connection.\n") break except KeyboardInterrupt: break except: raise When this piece of code get executed, on my client I need to enter "exit" to quit the connection. This works as a charm, but when I use CTRL+C to exit the connection, my server prints "Message from client: " a couple of thousand times. where am I going wrong?

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• Python: confused with classes, attributes and methods in OOP

  - by user1586038

  A. Am learning Python OOP now and confused with somethings in the code below. Question: 1. def init(self, radius=1): What does the argument/attribute "radius = 1" mean exactly? Why isn't it just called "radius"? The method area() has no argument/attribute "radius". Where does it get its "radius" from in the code? How does it know that the radius is 5? """ class Circle: pi = 3.141592 def __init__(self, radius=1): self.radius = radius def area(self): return self.radius * self.radius * Circle.pi def setRadius(self, radius): self.radius = radius def getRadius(self): return self.radius c = Circle() c.setRadius(5) """ B. Question: In the code below, why is the attribute/argument "name" missing in the brackets? Why was is not written like this: def init(self, name) and def getName(self, name)? """ class Methods: def init(self): self.name = 'Methods' def getName(self): return self.name """

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• deploying a war to tomcat using python

  - by Decado

  Hi, I'm trying to deploy a war to a Apache Tomcat server (Build 6.0.24) using python (2.4.2) as part of a build process. I'm using the following code import urllib2 import base64 war_file_contents = open('war_file.war','rb').read() username='some_user' password='some_pwd' base64string = base64.encodestring('%s:%s' % (username, password))[:-1] authheader = "Basic %s" % base64string opener = urllib2.build_opener(urllib2.HTTPHandler) request = urllib2.Request('http://158.155.40.110:8080/manager/deploy?path=war_file', data=war_file_contents) request.add_header('Content-Type', 'application/octet-stream') request.add_header("Authorization", authheader) request.get_method = lambda: 'PUT' url = opener.open(request) the url.code is 200, and the url.msg is "OK". However the web archive doesn't appear on the manager list applications page. Thanks.

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• How to grab the lines AFTER a matched line in python

  - by toofly

  Hi All, I am an amateur using Python on and off for some time now. Sorry if this is a silly question, but I was wondering if anyone knew an easy way to grab a bunch of lines if the format in the input file is like this: " Heading 1 Line 1 Line 2 Line 3 Heading 2 Line 1 Line 2 Line 3 " I won't know how many lines are after each heading, but I want to grab them all. All I know is the name, or a regular expression pattern for the heading. The only way I know to read a file is the "for line in file:" way, but I don't know how to grab the lines AFTER the line I'm currently on. Hope this makes sense, and thanks for the help!

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• Multiple python scripts sending messages to a single central script

  - by Ipsquiggle

  I have a number of scripts written in Python 2.6 that can be run arbitrarily. I would like to have a single central script that collects the output and displays it in a single log. Ideally it would satisfy these requirements: Every script sends its messages to the same "receiver" for display. If the receiver is not running when the first script tries to send a message, it is started. The receiver can also be launched and ended manually. (Though if ended, it will restart if another script tries to send a message.) The scripts can be run in any order, even simultaneously. Runs on Windows. Multiplatform is better, but at least it needs to work on Windows. I've come across some hints: os.pipe() multiprocess Occupying a port mutex From those pieces, I think I could cobble something together. Just wondering if there is an obviously 'right' way of doing this, or if I could learn from anyone's mistakes.

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• python: naming a module that has a two-word name

  - by Jason S

  I'm trying to put together a really simple module with one .py source file in it, and have already run into a roadblock. I was going to call it scons-config but import scons-config doesn't work in Python. I found this SO question and looked at PEP8 style guide but am kind of bewildered, it doesn't talk about two-word-name conventions. What's the right way to deal with this? module name: SconsConfig? scons_config? sconsconfig? scons.config? name of the single .py file in it: scons-config.py? scons_config.py?

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• using special characters in functions: Python

  - by satyajit

  I am writing an xmlrpc client which uses a server written in ruby. One of the functions is framework.busy?(). Let me show the ruby version: server.call( "framework.busy?" ) So lets assume I create an instance of the ServerProxy class say server. So while using python to call the function busy? I need to use: server.framework.busy?() This leads to an error: SyntaxError: invalid syntax How can I call this function? Or am I reading the ruby code wrong and implementing it wrongly.

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• Python BeautifulSoup Print Info in CSV

  - by Codin

  I can print the information I am pulling from a site with no problem. But when I try to place the street names in one column and the zipcodes into another column into a CSV file that is when I run into problems. All I get in the CSV is the two column names and every thing in its own column across the page. Here is my code. Also I am using Python 2.7.5 and Beautiful soup 4 from bs4 import BeautifulSoup import csv import urllib2 url="http://www.conakat.com/states/ohio/cities/defiance/road_maps/" page=urllib2.urlopen(url) soup = BeautifulSoup(page.read()) f = csv.writer(open("Defiance Steets1.csv", "w")) f.writerow(["Name", "ZipCodes"]) # Write column headers as the first line links = soup.find_all(['i','a']) for link in links: names = link.contents[0] print unicode(names) f.writerow(names)

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• python len calculation

  - by n00bz0r

  I'm currently trying to build a RDP client in python and I came across the following issue with a len check; From: http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/cc240836%28v=prot.10%29.aspx "81 2a - ConnectData::connectPDU length = 298 bytes Since the most significant bit of the first byte (0x81) is set to 1 and the following bit is set to 0, the length is given by the low six bits of the first byte and the second byte. Hence, the value is 0x12a, which is 298 bytes." This sounds weird. For normal len checks, I'm simply using : struct.pack("h",len(str(PacketLen))) but in this case, I really don't see how I can calculate the len as described above. Any help on this would be greatly appreciated !

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• Utilizing multiple python projects

  - by Marcin Cylke

  Hi I have a python app, that I'm developing. There is a need to use another library, that resides in different directory. The file layout looks like this: dir X has two project dirs: current-project xLibrary I'd like to use xLibrary in currentProject. I've been trying writting code as if all the sources resided in the same directory and calling my projects main script with: PYTHONPATH=.:../xLibrary ./current-project.py but this does not work. I'd like to use its code base without installing the library globaly or copying it to my project's directory. Is it possible? Or if not, how should I deal with this problem.

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• Extract IP address from an html string (python)

  - by GoJian

  My Friends, I really want to extract a simple IP address from a string (actually an one-line html) using Python. But it turns out that 2 hours passed I still couldn't come up with a good solution. >>> s = "<html><head><title>Current IP Check</title></head><body>Current IP Address: 165.91.15.131</body></html>" -- '165.91.15.131' is what I want! I tried using regular expression, but so far I can only get to the first number. >>> import re >>> ip = re.findall( r'([0-9]+)(?:\.[0-9]+){3}', s ) >>> ip ['165'] In fact, I don't feel I have a firm grasp on reg-expression and the above code was found and modified from elsewhere on the web. Seek your input and ideas!

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• Check if NFS share is mounted in python script

  - by Fabian

  I wrote a python script that depends on a certain NFS share to be available. If the NFS share is not mounted it will happily copy the files to the local path where it should be mounted, but fail later when it tries to copy some files back that were created on the NFS server. I'd like to catch this error specifically so I can print a useful error message that will tell the users of this script what they have to do. My first idea would be to execute mount using subprocess and then check the output for this nfs share. But I'm wondering if there isn't a nicer and more robust method of doing it.

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• Exception message (Python 2.6)

  - by TurboJupi

  If I want to open binary file (in Python 2.6), that doesn't exists, program exits with an error and prints this: Traceback (most recent call last): File "C:\Python_tests\Exception_Handling\src\exception_handling.py", line 4, in <module> pkl_file = open('monitor.dat', 'rb') IOError: [Errno 2] No such file or directory: 'monitor.dat' I can handle this with 'try-except', like: try: pkl_file = open('monitor.dat', 'rb') monitoring_pickle = pickle.load(pkl_file) pkl_file.close() except Exception: print 'No such file or directory' Does anybody know, how could I, in caught Exception, print the following line? File "C:\Python_tests\Exception_Handling\src\exception_handling.py", line 11, in <module> pkl_file = open('monitor.dat', 'rb') So, program would not exits, and I would have useful information.

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• Replacing backslashes in Python strings

  - by user323659

  I have some code to encrypt some strings in Python. Encrypted text is used as a parameter in some urls, but after encrypting, there comes backslashes in string and I cannot use single backslash in urllib2.urlopen. I cannot replace single backslash with double. For example: print cipherText '\t3-@\xab7+\xc7\x93H\xdc\xd1\x13G\xe1\xfb' print cipherText.replace('\\','\\\\') '\t3-@\xab7+\xc7\x93H\xdc\xd1\x13G\xe1\xfb' Also putting r in front of \ in replace statement did not worked. All I want to do is calling that kind of url: http://awebsite.me/main?param="\t3-@\xab7+\xc7\x93H\xdc\xd1\x13G\xe1\xfb" And also this url can be successfully called: http://awebsite.me/main?param="\\t3-@\\xab7+\\xc7\\x93H\\xdc\\xd1\\x13G\\xe1\\xfb" Any idea will be appreciated.

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• Python check if object is in list of objects

  - by John

  Hi, I have a list of objects in Python. I then have another list of objects. I want to go through the first list and see if any items appear in the second list. I thought I could simply do for item1 in list1: for item2 in list2: if item1 == item2: print "item %s in both lists" However this does not seem to work. Although if I do: if item1.title == item2.title: it works okay. I have more attributes than this though so don't really want to do 1 big if statement comparing all the attributes if I don't have to. Can anyone give me help or advise on what I can do to find the objects which appear in both lists. Thanks

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• Python - Memory Leak

  - by Dave

  I'm working on solving a memory leak in my Python application. Here's the thing - it really only appears to happen on Windows Server 2008 (not R2) but not earlier versions of Windows, and it also doesn't look like it's happening on Linux (although I haven't done nearly as much testing on Linux). To troubleshoot it, I set up debugging on the garbage collector: gc.set_debug(gc.DEBUG_UNCOLLECTABLE | gc.DEBUG_INSTANCES | gc.DEBUG_OBJECTS) Then, periodically, I log the contents of gc.garbage. Thing is, gc.garbage is always empty, yet my memory usage goes up and up and up. Very puzzling.

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• python grep reverse matching

  - by thomytheyon

  Hi Alls, I would like to build a small python script that basicaly does the reverse of grep. I want to match the files in a directory/subdirectory that doesn't have a "searched_string". So far i've done that: import os filefilter = ['java','.jsp'] path= "/home/patate/code/project" for path, subdirs, files in os.walk(path): for name in files: if name[-4:] in filefilter : print os.path.join(path, name) This small script will be listing everyfiles with "java" or "jsp" extension inside each subdirectory, and will output them full path. I'm now wondering how to do the rest, for example i would like to be able if I forgot a session management entry in one file (allowing anyone a direct file access), to search for : "if (!user.hasPermission" and list the file which does not contain this string. Any help would be greatly appreciated ! Thanks

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• Scraping html WITHOUT uniquie identifiers using python

  - by Nicholas Law

  I would like to design an algorithm using python that scrapes thousands of pages like this one and this one, gathers all the data and inserts it into a MySQL database. The script will be run on a weekly or bi-weekly basis to update the database of any new information added to each individual page. Ideally I would like a scraper that is easy to work with for table structured data but also data that does not have unique identifiers (ie. id and classes attributes). Which scraper add-on should I use? BeautifulSoup, Scrapy or Mechanize? Are there any particular tutorials/books I should be looking at for this desired result? In the long-run I will be implementing a mobile app that works with all this data through querying the database.

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• Show me some cool python list comprehensions

  - by christangrant

  One of the major strengths of python and a few other (functional) programming languages are the list comprehension. They allow programmers to write complex expressions in 1 line. They may be confusing at first but if one gets used to the syntax, it is much better than nested complicated for loops. With that said, please share with me some of the coolest uses of list comprehensions. (By cool, I just mean useful) It could be for some programming contest, or a production system. For example: To do the transpose of a matrix mat >>> mat = [ ... [1, 2, 3], ... [4, 5, 6], ... [7, 8, 9], ... ] >>> [[row[i] for row in mat] for i in [0, 1, 2]] [[1, 4, 7], [2, 5, 8], [3, 6, 9]] Please include a description of the expression and where it was used (if possible).

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• How to sub with matched groups and variables in Python

  - by Syed

  Hi, new to python. This is probably simple but I haven't found an answer. rndStr = "20101215" rndStr2 = "20101216" str = "Looking at dates between 20110316 and 20110317" outstr = re.sub("(.+)([0-9]{8})(.+)([0-9]{8})",r'\1'+rndStr+r'\2'+rndStr2,str) The output I'm looking for is: Looking at dates between 20101215 and 20101216 But instead I get: P101215101216 The values of the two rndStr's doesn't really matter. Assume its random or taken from user input (I put static vals here to keep it simple). Thanks for any help.

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