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[tcpdump] Proxy delegate refusing connexion ?

- by simtris

Hi guys, I'm a little disapointed ! My aim was to build a VERY simple smtp proxy under debian to handle mail from a port (51234) and forward it to the standard 25 port. I compile and install a "delegate" witch can handle easily that. It's working very well like that : delegated SERVER="smtp://anotherSmtpServer:25" -P51234 The strange thing is, it's working on my virtual test machine and on the dedicated server in local but I can't manage to use it trought internet. I test it like that. telnet [mySrv] 51234 Of course, no firewal, no deny host, no ined/xined, the service delegated is listening on the right port ... 2 clues : The port is answering trought internet with nmap as "51234/tcp open tcpwrapped" have a look at the tcpdump following : 22:50:54.864398 IP [myIp].1699 [mySrv].51234: S 2486749330:2486749330(0) win 65535 22:50:54.864449 IP [mySrv].51234 [myIp].1699: S 2486963525:2486963525(0) ack 2486749331 win 5840 22:50:54.948169 IP [myIp].1699 [mySrv].51234: . ack 1 win 64240 22:50:54.965134 IP [mySrv].43554 [myIp].auth: S 2485396968:2485396968(0) win 5840 22:50:55.243128 IP [myIp] [mySrv]: ICMP [myIp] tcp port auth unreachable, length 68 22:50:55.249646 IP [mySrv].51234 [myIp].1699: F 1:1(0) ack 1 win 46 22:50:55.309853 IP [myIp].1699 [mySrv].51234: . ack 2 win 64240 22:50:55.310126 IP [myIp].1699 [mySrv].51234: F 1:1(0) ack 2 win 64240 22:50:55.310137 IP [mySrv].51234 [myIp].1699: . ack 2 win 46 The part "auth" seems suspect to me but didn't ring a bell. I could certaily do with some help. Thx a lot !

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ubuntu 10.04 + php + postfix

- by mononym

I have a server I am running: Ubuntu 10.04 php 5.3.5 (fpm) Nginx I have installed postfix, and set it to loopback-only (only need to send) The problem is it is not sending. if i issue (at command line): echo "testing local delivery" | mail -s "test email to localhost" [email protected] I get the email no problem, but through PHP it does not arrive. When I send it via PHP, mail.log shows: Mar 28 10:15:04 host postfix/pickup[32102]: 435EF580D7: uid=0 from=<root> Mar 28 10:15:04 host postfix/cleanup[32229]: 435EF580D7: message-id=<20120328091504.435EF580D7@FQDN> Mar 28 10:15:04 host postfix/qmgr[32103]: 435EF580D7: from=<root@FQDN>, size=1127, nrcpt=1 (queue active) Mar 28 10:15:04 host postfix/local[32230]: 435EF580D7: to=<root@FQDN>, orig_to=<root>, relay=local, delay=3.1, delays=3/0.01/0/0.09, dsn=2.0.0, status=sent (delivered to maildir) Mar 28 10:15:04 host postfix/qmgr[32103]: 435EF580D7: removed any help appreciated, my main.cf file: smtpd_banner = $myhostname ESMTP $mail_name (Debian/GNU) biff = no # appending .domain is the MUA's job. append_dot_mydomain = no # Uncomment the next line to generate "delayed mail" warnings #delay_warning_time = 4h readme_directory = no # TLS parameters smtpd_tls_cert_file=/etc/ssl/certs/ssl-cert-snakeoil.pem smtpd_tls_key_file=/etc/ssl/private/ssl-cert-snakeoil.key smtpd_use_tls=yes smtpd_tls_session_cache_database = btree:${data_directory}/smtpd_scache smtp_tls_session_cache_database = btree:${data_directory}/smtp_scache # See /usr/share/doc/postfix/TLS_README.gz in the postfix-doc package for # information on enabling SSL in the smtp client. myhostname = FQDN alias_maps = hash:/etc/aliasesalias_database = hash:/etc/aliases myorigin = /etc/mailname #myorigin = $mydomain mydestination = FQDN, localhost.FQDN, , localhost relayhost = $mydomain mynetworks = 127.0.0.0/8 [::ffff:127.0.0.0]/104 [::1]/128 mailbox_size_limit = 0 recipient_delimiter = + inet_interfaces = loopback-only virtual_alias_maps = hash:/etc/postfix/virtual home_mailbox = mail/

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HTTP request hangs for for exactly 150 seconds, then gives incomplete response. How do I find out wh

- by Nathan

I am hosting a Wordpress blog, and having a strange problem. When I connect to the server (http://71.65.199.125/ at the time of this writing) it displays the Title correctly, and half of a download bar, indicating it has received some of the page, then it hangs for exactly 150 seconds (timed it twice), then it sends the rest of the page, but without the stylesheet. after that it hangs indefinitely, continuing to say "connecting..." without making any progress. If you have any clues as to what might be happening, or how I could print debug logs of PHP or something to see what it is looking for during that hang time that would probably help. recent changed I have made: switched wordpress themes, however I did see it work once with the new theme. moved the server to another building, with an identical ISP, and linksys router forwarding setup. I have also added a favicon.gif file to /var/www but without linking to it from any of the wordpress pages. I have also had a unanticipated power interruption. System info: Ubuntu debian 9.04 Apache2 PHP 5 Wordpress 2.9.2 Thank you

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Can't Install Win2k8 On KVM - Classic 0x80070013 error

- by javano

I am trying to install Win2k8 Std as a KVM guest on Debian Squeeze. As you can see from these screen shots; No drives are detected (I have blanked out a 20GB image for testing) - screenshot1 I am using this driver CD: - screenshot2 I have signed the Win7 driver (I assume this was the most appropriate one?) - screenshot3 I can now see an unpartitioned drive - screenshot4 But I can't create a new partition on here, getting the error code 0x80070013 - screenshot5 I have had this error code before but only on a physical server. If I remember correctly it was complaining because the disks were partitioned as GPT (because it was a server that was being re-purposed) so repartitioning with an MS-DOS table fixed that. This is a blank disk image though. What is wrong here, and how can I correct this? Thank you. UPDATE I have booted the VM with a Gparted-Live disk and formatted this volume with an MS-DOS partitioning scheme, and a single 20GB NTFS file system. Now when I boot the Win2k8 CD, load my drivers, I get a different error. As you can see at the bottom of screenshot6 "Windows cannot be installed on this hard drive space. Windows must be installed to a partition formatted as NTFS". Clicking format produces the error (0x80004005) on the screen, so I think this is still a driver issue because Windows can see the drive but not interact with it properly. Is that insane thinking?

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Reading log files from web application

- by Egorinsk

I want to write a small PHP application for monitoring logs on a Debian server, including syslog logs and Apache/PHP messages. The problem here is that Apache user (www-data) has no access to /var/log directory. What would be the best way to grant an access to logs for PHP application? Let's assume that log files can be really large, like hundreds of megabytes. I have some ideas: Write a shell script that would be run via sudo and tail last 512 Kb of log into a separate file that can be read by application - that's ineffective, because of forking a new process and having to read data twice Add www-data to adm group (that can read logs) - that's insecure Start a PHP process via cron every minute to read logs — that's not very good, because it doesn't allow real-time monitoring. Also, this script will be started even when I don't read logs, and consume CPU time (server is in the cloud, and I'll have to pay for it) Create a hardlink for all log files with lowered permissions - I guess, that won't work because logrotate could recreate log files and they'll change inode number. Start a separate nginx/Apache server under privileged user that may read logs. Maybe anyone got a better solution?

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Remote mouse pointer not visible in VNC

- by aef

I used VNC desktops as a kind of collaboration server, as shared planning and pair programming environment for a long time. Now my latest iteration uses a KVM guest running Fedora 17 "Beefy Miracle", the Cinnamon desktop environment and an X11VNC server. The X11VNC server is automatically started with the desktop environment using the following command: x11vnc -localhost -many -shared -display :0 -bg My problem is that depending on the VNC client, the mouse pointer of the remote system which is shown through VNC is not synchronized to my client. I really need this, so I can see what my partner is doing on the desktop. When using Vinagre 3.2.1 on Ubuntu Oneiric Ocelot (11.10) or Vinagre 2.3.0.3 on Debian Squeeze (6.0) and I don't have my local mouse pointer inside the VNC view, I cannot see the mouse pointer of my remote system, nor its movement. When using TightVNC on Windows 7, I can recognize a mouse pointer trace for very short amounts of time after moving the mouse, but it is not clearly visible. Using UltraVNC on Windows 7 the mouse pointer is clearly visible all the time. With Gnome 2 I never had any problems with remote pointer synchronization, using exactly the same clients. I suspect this could have something to do with Cinnamon's dependency on 3D acceleration. On the other hand, it doesn't change anything to start Cinnamon's fallback environment Cinnamon 2D. Update: Same effect when I use Gnome 3.

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Is there any way to force my Linux box to always boot up with a self-assigned IP address?

- by Jeremy Friesner

This is perhaps an unusual request: I'm trying to get a Debian Linux box to always give itself a self-assigned IP address (i.e. 169.254.x.y) on boot. In particular, I want it to do that even when there is a DHCP server present on the LAN. That is, it should not request an IP address from the DHCP server. From what I can see in the "man interfaces" text, there is an option for "manual", and an option for "dhcp". Manual assignment won't do, since I need multiple boxes to work on the same LAN without requiring any manual configuration... and "dhcp" does what I want, but only if there is no DHCP server on the LAN. (A requirement is that the functionality of these boxes should not be affected by the presence or absence of a DHCP server). Is there a trick that I can use to get this behavior? EDIT: By "no manual configuration", I mean that I should be able to take this box (headless) to any LAN anywhere, plug in the Ethernet cable, and have it do its thing. I shouldn't have to ssh to the box and edit files to get it working each time it is moved to a different LAN.

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iptables to block VPN-traffic if not through tun0

- by dacrow

I have a dedicated Webserver running Debian 6 and some Apache, Tomcat, Asterisk and Mail-stuff. Now we needed to add VPN support for a special program. We installed OpenVPN and registered with a VPN provider. The connection works well and we have a virtual tun0 interface for tunneling. To archive the goal for only tunneling a single program through VPN, we start the program with sudo -u username -g groupname command and added a iptables rule to mark all traffic coming from groupname iptables -t mangle -A OUTPUT -m owner --gid-owner groupname -j MARK --set-mark 42 Afterwards we tell iptables to to some SNAT and tell ip route to use special routing table for marked traffic packets. Problem: if the VPN failes, there is a chance that the special to-be-tunneled program communicates over the normal eth0 interface. Desired solution: All marked traffic should not be allowed to go directly through eth0, it has to go through tun0 first. I tried the following commands which didn't work: iptables -A OUTPUT -m owner --gid-owner groupname ! -o tun0 -j REJECT iptables -A OUTPUT -m owner --gid-owner groupname -o eth0 -j REJECT It might be the problem, that the above iptable-rules didn't work due to the fact, that the packets are first marked, then put into tun0 and then transmitted by eth0 while they are still marked.. I don't know how to de-mark them after in tun0 or to tell iptables, that all marked packet may pass eth0, if they where in tun0 before or if they going to the gateway of my VPN provider. Does someone has any idea to a solution? Some config infos: iptables -nL -v --line-numbers -t mangle Chain OUTPUT (policy ACCEPT 11M packets, 9798M bytes) num pkts bytes target prot opt in out source destination 1 591K 50M MARK all -- * * 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 owner GID match 1005 MARK set 0x2a 2 82812 6938K CONNMARK all -- * * 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 owner GID match 1005 CONNMARK save iptables -nL -v --line-numbers -t nat Chain POSTROUTING (policy ACCEPT 393 packets, 23908 bytes) num pkts bytes target prot opt in out source destination 1 15 1052 SNAT all -- * tun0 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 mark match 0x2a to:VPN_IP ip rule add from all fwmark 42 lookup 42 ip route show table 42 default via VPN_IP dev tun0

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Fresh 12.04 Install - mySQL not starting

- by Lee Armstrong

I have a freshly installed Ubuntu 12.04 x64 server and I installed Percona server from their official repositories. Trouble is it will not start! mysql-error.log shows nothing obvious. 121129 12:16:54 mysqld_safe Starting mysqld daemon with databases from /var/lib/mysql/ 121129 12:16:54 [Note] Plugin 'FEDERATED' is disabled. 121129 12:16:54 InnoDB: The InnoDB memory heap is disabled 121129 12:16:54 InnoDB: Mutexes and rw_locks use GCC atomic builtins 121129 12:16:54 InnoDB: Compressed tables use zlib 1.2.3 121129 12:16:54 InnoDB: Using Linux native AIO 121129 12:16:54 InnoDB: Initializing buffer pool, size = 12.0G 121129 12:16:54 InnoDB: Completed initialization of buffer pool 121129 12:16:54 InnoDB: highest supported file format is Barracuda. 121129 12:16:55 InnoDB: Waiting for the background threads to start 121129 12:16:56 Percona XtraDB (http://www.percona.com) 1.1.8-rel29.1 started; log sequence number 1598476 121129 12:16:56 [Note] Server hostname (bind-address): '0.0.0.0'; port: 3306 121129 12:16:56 [Note] - '0.0.0.0' resolves to '0.0.0.0'; 121129 12:16:56 [Note] Server socket created on IP: '0.0.0.0'. 121129 12:16:56 [Note] Event Scheduler: Loaded 0 events 121129 12:16:56 [Note] /usr/sbin/mysqld: ready for connections. Version: '5.5.28-29.1-log' socket: '/var/run/mysqld/mysql.sock' port: 3306 Percona Server (GPL), Release 29.1 121129 12:16:56 [Note] Event Scheduler: scheduler thread started with id 1 And the syslog shows... Nov 29 12:17:07 V-PF-SQL1 /etc/init.d/mysql[2206]: 0 processes alive and '/usr/bin/mysqladmin --defaults-file=/etc/mysql/debian.cnf ping' resulted in Nov 29 12:17:07 V-PF-SQL1 /etc/init.d/mysql[2206]: #007/usr/bin/mysqladmin: connect to server at 'localhost' failed Nov 29 12:17:07 V-PF-SQL1 /etc/init.d/mysql[2206]: error: 'Can't connect to local MySQL server through socket '/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.sock' (2)' Nov 29 12:17:07 V-PF-SQL1 /etc/init.d/mysql[2206]: Check that mysqld is running and that the socket: '/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.sock' exists! Nov 29 12:17:07 V-PF-SQL1 /etc/init.d/mysql[2206]: The socket file is being created and I can access the server NOT using the socket using mysql -h 127.0.0.1 -P 3306 -u root --pPASSWORD

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Ubuntu 10.04 bind9 local zone include files and apparmor

- by Gilgongo

Rather than putting all my zones in one named.conf.local file, I'd like to have them in groups that I can manage as separate files. So, I've tried putting the following into named.conf.local: include "/home/zones/group1.conf"; include "/home/zones/group2.conf"; include "/home/zones/group3.conf"; However, when I restart named, I see "permission denied" errors in the logs. Ubuntu uses apparmor for bind, so I also added the following in /etc/apparmor.d/usr.sbin.named: /home/zones/group1.conf r, /home/zones/group1.conf r, /home/zones/group1.conf r, Now, when I re-start named, all appears to be well. Zones are loaded (I think). However, a day or two later, I see my secondary name server complaining that the primary is telling it that it's not authoritative for those domains. I then have to put all the domains back into the named.conf.local file again. How can I get bind9 to use include files in this way? I don't know much about apparmor, so that may or may not be the issue here, but I've used include files in this way on Debian OK.

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Test script if host is back online

- by brubelsabs

E.g. system: Ubuntu/Debian. As many of you do this probably via ping and a terminal, I always forget this terminal when switching to other task... So a noftification popup would be useful. So can I do better as this?: while; do if ping -c 1 your.host.com; expr $? = 0; then notify-send "your.host.com back online"; sleep 30s; else sleep 30s; fi; done You will need zsh and libnotify to let the snippet work. As script: #!/usr/bin/env zsh while; do if ping -c 1 $1; expr $? = 0; then notify-send "$1 back online"; sleep 30s; else sleep 30s; fi; done

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Issue with exim4u

- by bretterer

I am using exim4u for a mail server on debian. Everything has been working fine until recently. I have not done anything to the server from the time it was working until now. I have a domain set up and is receiving and sending mail correctly. When i put a forwarding address in to a gmail address, I can still receive and send email from my webmail client but it never makes it to gmail. I have check logs and this is what I have found 2012-04-01 18:47:04 1SEPns-0000aN-Br DKIM: d=gmail.com s=20120113 c=relaxed/relaxed a=rsa-sha256 [verification succeeded] 2012-04-01 18:47:10 1SEPns-0000aN-Br H=mail-bk0-f43.google.com [209.85.214.43] Warning: X-Spam_score: -0.3 2012-04-01 18:47:10 1SEPns-0000aN-Br <= [email protected] H=mail-bk0-f43.google.com [209.85.214.43] P=esmtps X=TLS1.0:RSA_ARCFOUR_MD5:16 S=3424 id=CAGZkSKbYc7SJR+yXTgG8ubQvx4PNb0CwHG1DDKGeZ-qFiA$ 2012-04-01 18:47:11 1SEPns-0000aN-Br => /home/mail/mydomain.com/support/Maildir ([email protected]) <[email protected]> R=virtual_domains T=virtual_delivery 2012-04-01 18:47:12 1SEPns-0000aN-Br => [email protected] <[email protected]> R=dnslookup T=remote_smtp H=gmail-smtp-in.l.google.com [209.85.225.27] X=TLS1.0:RSA_ARCFOUR_SHA1:16 2012-04-01 18:47:12 1SEPns-0000aN-Br Completed I am not a mail server person so im not sure what everything here is saying. It appears to me that it is successfully sending mail to gmail though. I have checked my spam folder as well and nothing there either. If it would help to have some more information from my server, let me know because Im not sure what would be of help here.

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Liked Arch Linux - but I am still not sure if its the right distro for me...

- by BlackAndGold

As the title says... I used Arch Linux for a while and liked it a lot: leightweight, sleek, fast and well documented with a great community. However I had to format my hd and for the sake of being too lazy to reinstall arch, I used windows 7 exclusively for a while. Now I want to get back to linux again (still dual boot), mainly for web development purposes and using handy tools such as rsync ect. Again, I liked Arch, but there is too much tweeking, too much reading up and too much figuring out what to do as well es some bad suprises especially when you need them the least and when just quickly want to get some work done. I kind of would like to have a little more "out of the box" distro that is still fast and somewhat leighweight and of course reliable. I actually considered Ubuntu, which I am not too big of a fan of, but I will still give the minimal install a shot. However other distros seem interesting as well, such as crunchbang and mint debian ecpecially. My question, hoping this isn't too boring for many you, what is the right distro for me?

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Roundcube "Server Error (OK!)": Lists no messages but can get messages according to the log file

- by thonixx

In my server setup there are three virtual machines. One windows machine, an Ubuntu Server 11.10 and a Debian Squeeze mailserver. On the Ubuntu system I have Roundcube installed and I want to connect to the virtual mail server. What's the problem After login into Roundcube it says "Server Error (OK!)" and lists no messages. More information On the Ubuntu server there is no error in any log file (even Roundcubes log files). In the imap log file there you can see Roundcube is able to fetch all imap messages (I can see them in the imap log file created by Roundcube). And on the side of the mail server there are no error messages too. The test connection at the end of the configuration of Roundcube works too, there is a "success" notification. Even the basic login at Roundcube login dialog works without any error message. Roundcube log file you can look here for the log file: http://fixee.org/paste/wxg36eh/ So does anyone know what's wrong with Roundcube?

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Growing a Linux software RAID5 array

- by chrismetcalf

On my home file server, I've got a 1.5TB software RAID5 array, built from four 500gb Western Digital drives. I've got a fifth drive that I usually run as a hot spare (but have out of the array at the moment), but if I can I'd like to add that to the array and grow it to 2TB since I'm running out of space. I Googled for guidance, but there seem to be a lot of differing opinions out there (many of them probably now out-of-date) as to whether or not that is possible and/or smart. What's the right way to go about this, or should I start looking into building a new array with more space? Version details: %> cat /etc/issue Debian GNU/Linux 5.0 \n \l %> uname -a Linux magrathea 2.6.26-1-686-bigmem #1 SMP Sat Jan 10 19:13:22 UTC 2009 i686 GNU/Linux %> /sbin/mdadm --version mdadm - v2.6.7.2 - 14th November 2008 %> cat /proc/mdstat Personalities : [raid1] [raid6] [raid5] [raid4] md1 : active raid1 hdc1[0] hdd1[1] 293033536 blocks [2/2] [UU] md0 : active raid5 sde1[3] sda1[0] sdc1[2] sdb1[1] 1465151808 blocks level 5, 64k chunk, algorithm 2 [4/4] [UUUU]

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Make UEFI, GPT, Bootloader, SSD, USB, Linux and Windows work together

- by user129552

I like to use the latest hardware and the latest software; thus I have a Laptop (Lenovo X220) with UEFI instead of BIOS an SSD instead of an HDD GPT partitioning scheme instead of MBR USB to boot from instead of optical disks. I need to use both Windows and Linux. I tried to make them work alongside, but I didn't succeed. Most Linux distribution isos don't even really work on UEFI systems booted from USB. (Not even the self-claimed cutting-edge Fedora. I also tried Linux Mint Debian Edition and Sabayon Linux (according to this guide) which did not work. Only Ubuntu worked for me. I first installed Windows 8 which created sda1: Recovery, sda2: EFI system, sda3: msftres, sda4: NTFS Windows. Windows worked without a problem. I then created sda5: linux-swap and installed Ubuntu into sda6: btrfs. After rebooting, I was not presented GRUB2 as expected, but instead my system just booted into Ubuntu. I could no longer access Windows. After fixing dpkg in btrfs Ubuntu, I followed the Ubuntu documentation on UEFI booting. The result left me with a broken GRUB2, but interestingly, when I wanted to select the device to boot from, I was not only presented the internal SSD, an attached USB device, or LAN, but also Grub2 (broken), Ubuntu and Windows. The result is not very satisfying to me. What would I have to do to fix everything? Or differently asked, what operating system should I install at what point given my possibilities and requirements, so that I have a working bootloader in my UEFI GPT system which presents me a working Linux and Windows.

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Wired to wireless bridge in Linux

- by adrianmcmenamin

I am attempting to set up my Raspberry Pi as a bridge (but I think this is not a question specific to the hardware) - using Debian wheezy. I have a hostapd.conf: (some details changed for security)... interface=wlan0 bridge=br0 driver=nl80211 auth_algs=1 macaddr_acl=0 ignore_broadcast_ssid=0 logger_syslog=-1 logger_syslog_level=0 hw_mode=g ssid=MY_SSID channel=11 wep_default_key=0 wep_key0=MY_KEY wpa=0 (yes, I know WEP is no good) And this in /etc/network/interfaces auto lo iface lo inet loopback iface eth0 inet dhcp allow-hotplug wlan0 iface wlan0 inet manual wpa-roam /etc/wpa_supplicant/wpa_supplicant.conf iface default inet dhcp auto br0 iface br0 inet dhcp bridge-ports eth0 wlan0 Everything seems to come up ok, but I cannot associate with the bridged wireless connection - even though the flashing lights on the USB stick suggest packets are being exchanged. I have read somewhere that not all cards/devices will run in hostap mode - they won't pass packets in one direction: is that right? (The info was a bit old)- this my card: [ 3.663245] usb 1-1.3.1: new high-speed USB device number 5 using dwc_otg [ 3.794187] usb 1-1.3.1: New USB device found, idVendor=0cf3, idProduct=9271 [ 3.804321] usb 1-1.3.1: New USB device strings: Mfr=16, Product=32, SerialNumber=48 [ 3.816994] usb 1-1.3.1: Product: USB2.0 WLAN [ 3.823790] usb 1-1.3.1: Manufacturer: ATHEROS [ 3.830645] usb 1-1.3.1: SerialNumber: 12345 So, what have I got wrong here?

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dhcp3-server (dhcpd) is tampering with host NIC

- by user61000

Hi all, I have a debian box that is serving as a router (using iptables NAT). When first turned on, everything works fine for a few minutes. Then the dhcp server assigns an IP (other than 192.168.0.1) to its' host NIC, eth0. This is NOT what I want. I just want dhcp3-server to listen on eth0, not assign it an IP, and changes the kernel routing table. This of course ruins the NAT capablities of the box. How can I tell the dhcp3-server NOT to do this? Thanks Before dhcp3-server tampers with eth0, the IP is 192.168.0.1, and the routing table looks like this: ~# netstat -r Kernel IP routing table Destination Gateway Iface 192.168.0.0 * eth0 173.33.220.0 * eth1 default 173.33.220.1 eth1 After dhcp3-server tampers with eth0, the IP is 192.168.0.3, and the routing table looks like this: ~# netstat -r Kernel IP routing table Destination Gateway Iface 192.168.0.0 * eth0 173.33.220.0 * eth1 default 192.168.0.1 eth0 default 173.33.220.1 eth1 SETUP Outbound NIC is eth1 Internal NIC is eth0 /etc/network/interfaces ... iface eth0 inet static address 192.168.0.1 netmask 255.255.255.0 /etc/default/dhcp3-server INTERFACES="eth0"

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Replace Linux Boot-Drive | ext3 to btrfs

- by bardiir

I've got a headless server running Debian Linux currently. Linux vault 3.2.0-3-686-pae #1 SMP Mon Jul 23 03:50:34 UTC 2012 i686 GNU/Linux The root filesystem is located on an ext3 partition on the main harddrive. My data is located on multiple harddrives that are bundled to a storage pool running with btrfs. UUID=072a7fce-bfea-46fa-923f-4fb0827ae428 / ext3 errors=remount-ro 0 1 UUID=b50965f1-a2e1-443f-876f-578b5f93cbf1 none swap sw 0 0 UUID=881e3ad9-31c4-4296-ae60-eae6c98ea45f none swap sw 0 0 UUID=30d8ae34-e2f0-44b4-bbcc-22d761a128f6 /data btrfs defaults,compress,autodefrag 0 0 What I'd like to do is to place / into the btrfs pool too. The ideal solution would provide the flexibility to boot from any disk in the system alike, so if the main drive fails I'd just need to swap another one into the main slot and it would be bootable like the main one. My main problem is, everything I do needs to result in a bootable system that is open to ssh logins via network as this server is 100% headless so there is no possibility to boot it from a live cd or anything like that. So I'd like to be extra sure everything works out fine :) How would I best go about this? Can anybody hint me to guides or whip something up for these tasks? Anything I forgot to think about? Copy root-data into btrfs pool, adjust mountpoints,... Adjust GRUB to boot from btrfs pool UUID or the local device where GRUB is installed Sync GRUB to all harddrives so every drive is equally bootable (is this even possible without destroying the btrfs partitions on the drives or would I need to disconnect the drives, install grub on them and then connect them back with a slightly smaller partition?)

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Ubuntu 12.10 64bit host reboots when trying to install any guest system using VirtualBox

- by gts123

I am having a really nasty problem with VirtualBox as everytime I try to install any guest OS(using ISO file as CD for installation media), the installation starts normally but as soon as it is about to start either installing to virtual hard drive or loading(e.g. as LiveFS) it causes the host system to reboot abruptly. Config is as below: Host system: Ubuntu 12.10 64bit - Intel® Core i7-2640M CPU @ 2.80GHz × 4 Virtualbox version: 4.1.18_Ubuntu r78361 Guest OS systems tried: 32bit version of FreeBSD 9, Debian 6, Tails 0.14 VM setup Tried to have the minimal setup necessary just in case it would avoid for each system to make sure I'd avoid conflicts, but to no avail. I've tried different values and combinations of the below but the problem still persists: Shared Clipboard: Disabled Show in fullscreen/seamless: Disabled Remember runtime changes: DIsabled Base Memory: 2048 MB Chipset: PIIX3 IO APIC: Disabled EFI: Disabled Absolute Pointing device: Disabled Processor(s): 1 CPU PAE/NX: Disabled VT-x/AMD-V: Disabled Video Memory: 12 MB 3d/2d acceleration: Disabled Storage IDE COntroller: PIIX3 (same as chipset instead of PIIX4) Use host I/O cache: No Audio: disabled Network adapter: NAT USB controller: disabled No shared folder Also another sideeffect of the reboot is that it appears that it does not log any information in the error log files; not making things any easier. Please help.

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postfix - connection refused from behind NAT

- by manchine

When attempting to telnet postfix from a different host in the same LAN through the FQDN (and thus the LAN's public IP), the following error occurs: root@mailer:/var/log# telnet mail.domain.com 25 Trying 1.2.3.4... telnet: Unable to connect to remote host: Connection refused Other services can be reached from the exact same host, however: root@mailer:/var/log# telnet mail.domain.com 22 Trying 1.2.3.4... Connected to mail.domain.com. Escape character is '^]'. SSH-2.0-OpenSSH_6.0p1 Debian-4+deb7u1 To make matters more intriguing, Postfix can be accessed from outside the LAN: nunos-mbp:mailog nzimas$ telnet mail.domain.com 25 Trying 1.2.3.4... Connected to mail.domain.com. Escape character is '^]'. 220 mail.domain.com ESMTP Postfix (Ubuntu) To sum thing up: a) Postfix (running on 10.10.10.4 / mail.domiain.com) refuses connection from a host in the same LAN (10.10.10.2), but only when queried through the FQDN (mail.domain.com) b) mail.domain.com accepts connections to other services (but Postfix) from 10.10.10.2 c) mail.domain.com accepts connections to all services, including Postfix, from the outside world If it were a firewall issue, then I believe it would not be possible to connect to any service from 10.10.10.2 through the FQSN / public IP. It ought to be some missing parameter in Postfix, although I haven't found any clear pointers so far.

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Isolating Apache virtualhosts from the rest of the system

- by JesperB

I am setting up a web server that will host a number of different web sites as Apache VirtualHosts, each of these will have the possibility to run scripts (primarily PHP, possiblu others). My question is how I isolate each of these VirtualHosts from eachother and from the rest of the system? I don't want e.g. website X to read the configuration of website Y or any of the server's "private" files. At the moment I have set up the VirtualHosts with FastCGI, PHP and SUExec as described here (http://x10hosting.com/forums/vps-tutorials/148894-debian-apache-2-2-fastcgi-php-5-suexec-easy-way.html), but the SUExec only prevents users from editing/executing files other than their own - the users can still read sensitive information such as config files. I have thought about removing the UNIX global read permission for all files on the server, as this would fix the above problem, but I'm not sure if I can safely do this without disrupting the server function. I also looked into using chroot, but it seems that this can only be done on a per-server basis, and not on a per-virtual-host basis. I'm looking for any suggestions that will isolate my VirtualHosts from the rest of the system. PS I'm running Ubuntu 12.04 server

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"What happens?" server performance monitor

- by AlexAtNet

Hello! After reviewing some thread about server monitoring software I end up with a simple question: Which of the server monitoring tools should I use for automatic detection of "abnormal" situations with recommendations on how to fix them? I look for software that checks the system performance after installation and calculate some average load values (memory, CPU, etc). And when something happens (CPU load is increased to 20%) then it tries to detect a reason for this. If it is apache, it should check for access logs. If mysql, it should check mysql logs and tell me what happens. It this is because some user decodes a lot of images, I'd like to know which command is executed, when and user name. The same for disk usage, memory, number of processes, threads and so on. Ideally, this software should periodically checks the system and report problems: errors in PHP error log, outdated packages, security vulnerabilities. In other word I'm looking a software that will keep my simple Debian/Apache/PHP/MySQL server without forcing me to monitor the charts every day. I hope that such program exists. Thanks, Alex

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Connect two networks

- by Meek Barrios

Connecting two different offices with a wireless link and linux boxes. Hardware: 2 CISCO RV42, 2 Dual Homed Linux Boxes running debian, 2 2Wire and 2 AirMax 5 Configuration is: Office A LAN A (10.1.1.0/24) -> RV42 A (WAN1 - 10.1.1.254) -> 2Wire A (Internet) LINUX A ( ETH0 (LAN) 10.1.1.253, ETH1 (LINK) (10.1.3.3) Wireless Link --- AirMax A <-> AirMax B connected as Wireless Bridge Office B LAN B (10.1.2.0/24) -> RV42 B (WAN1 - 10.1.2.254) -> 2Wire B (Internet) LINUX B ( ETH0 (LAN) 10.1.2.253 -> ETH1 (LINK) (10.1.3.4) Network configuration is: LAN A - Default Gateway 10.1.1.254 RV42 A - Static Route 10.1.3.0/24 on 10.1.1.253 Static Route 10.1.2.0/24 on 10.1.1.253 Default on 192.168.1.1 (WAN1 Internet Access) Linux A - ETH0 10.1.1.253 netmask 255.255.255.0 gw 10.1.1.254 ETH1 10.1.3.3 netmask 255.255.255.0 gw 10.1.3.1 AIRMAX A - 10.1.3.1 netmask 255.255.255.0 gw 10.1.3.1 LAN B - Default Gateway 10.1.2.254 RV42 B - Static Route 10.1.3.0/24 on 10.1.2.253 Static Route 10.1.1.0/24 on 10.1.2.253 Default on 192.168.1.1 (WAN1 Internet Access) Linux B - ETH0 10.1.2.253 netmask 255.255.255.0 gw 10.1.2.254 ETH1 10.1.3.4 netmask 255.255.255.0 gw 10.1.3.2 AIRMAX B - 10.1.3.2 netmask 255.255.255.0 gw 10.1.3.2 Both linux have ip_forward set to 1 and the following on the iptables: iptables -F iptables -X iptables -P FORWARD ACCEPT iptables -P INPUT ACCEPT iptables -P OUTPUT ACCEPT I can ping from Linux B any ip on 10.1.1.0/24 segment and on linux A any ip on 10.1.2.0/24 segment however I cannot connect to HTTP or FTP on those machines. From LAN A I cannot see any other network. I'm looking for some advice for this configuration or a better solution. Regards

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How do I set up an email server that automatically maintains a list of previous recipients?

- by hsivonen

I want to set up an email server with the following characteristics. What software (besides bogofilter and clamav that I'm naming) should I use and what HOWTOs should I read? The server should run some flavor of Linux that's as low-maintenance as possible and self-updates for security patches in a timely fashion. (Debian stable?) When email is sent, all the recipients are stored in the list of previous recipients maintained by the server. Scan incoming messages with clamav and treat as spam if it contains viruses. When email arrives (if it passed clamav), if the sender is on the list of previous recipients, bypass spam filter. If the List-Id header names a mailing list on a manually maintained list of known-clean mailing lists, bypass spam filter and deliver into a mailbox depending on the mailing list name. Email that wasn't from previous recipients, manually white listed domains or mailing lists gets filtered by bogofilter. Spam goes into a spam mailbox. Email considered to be ham should automatically be fed to bogofilter training as ham. Email considered to be spam (incl. messages with viruses) should be automatically fed to bogofilter training as spam. There should be mailboxes for false ham and false spam that an IMAP client can move email into so that the server retrains bogofilter appropriately. Email sending requires SMTP over SSL. Email reading requires IMAPS. Should I also want to use SpamAssassin in addition to bogofilter?

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