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• Python: Pretty printing a xml file directly from a tar.gz package

  - by EddyR

  This is the first Python script I've tried to create. I'm reading a xml file from a tar.gz package and then I want to pretty print it. However I can't seem to turn it from a file-like object to a string. I've tried to do it a few different ways including str(), tostring(), etc but nothing is working for me. For testing I just tried to print the string at "print myfile[0:200]" and it always generates "<tarfile.ExFileObject object at 0x10053df10>" import os import sys import tarfile from xml.dom.minidom import parseString tar = tarfile.open("data/ucd.all.flat.tar.gz", "r") getfile = tar.extractfile("ucd.all.flat.xml") myfile = str(getfile) print myfile[0:200] output = parseString(getfile).toprettyxml() print output tar.close()

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• Any tutorial for Python PalmDB library?

  - by roddik

  Hello, I've downloaded the Python PalmDB lib, but can't find any info on how to use it. I've tried reading docstrings and so far I've been able to come up with the following code: from pprint import pprint from PalmDB.PalmDatabase import PalmDatabase pdb = PalmDatabase() with open('testdb.pdb','rb') as data: pdb.fromByteArray(data.read()) pprint(dir(pdb)) pprint(pdb.attributes) print pdb.__doc__ #print pdb.records print pdb.records[10].toXML() which gives me the xml representation of a record (?) with some nasty long payload attribute, which doesn't resemble any kind of human-readable text to me. I just want to read the contents of the pdb file. Is there a guide/tutorial for this library? What would you do to figure out the proper way to make things done in my situation?

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• Python - do big doc strings waste memory?

  - by orokusaki

  I understand that in Python a string is simply an expression and a string by itself would be garbage collected immediately upon return of control to a code's caller, but... Large class/method doc strings in your code: do they waste memory by building the string objects up? Module level doc strings: are they stored infinitely by the interpreter? Does this even matter? My only concern came from the idea that if I'm using a large framework like Django, or multiple large open source libraries, they tend to be very well documented with potentially multiple megabytes of text. In these cases are the doc strings loaded into memory for code that's used along the way, and then kept there, or is it collected immediately like normal strings?

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• Stochastic calculus library in python

  - by LeMiz

  Hello, I am looking for a python library that would allow me to compute stochastic calculus stuff, like the (conditional) expectation of a random process I would define the diffusion. I had a look a at simpy (simpy.sourceforge.net), but it does not seem to cover my needs. This is for quick prototyping and experimentation. In java, I used with some success the (now inactive) http://martingale.berlios.de/Martingale.html library. The problem is not difficult in itself, but there is a lot non trivial, boilerplate things to do (efficient memory use, variable reduction techniques, and so on). Ideally, I would be able to write something like this (just illustrative): def my_diffusion(t, dt, past_values, world, **kwargs): W1, W2 = world.correlated_brownians_pair(correlation=kwargs['rho']) X = past_values[-1] sigma_1 = kwargs['sigma1'] sigma_2 = kwargs['sigma2'] dX = kwargs['mu'] * X * dt + sigma_1 * W1 * X * math.sqrt(dt) + sigma_2 * W2 * X * X * math.sqrt(dt) return X + dX X = RandomProcess(diffusion=my_diffusion, x0 = 1.0) print X.expectancy(T=252, dt = 1./252., N_simul= 50000, world=World(random_generator='sobol'), sigma1 = 0.3, sigma2 = 0.01, rho=-0.1) Does someone knows of something else than reimplementing it in numpy for example ?

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• Python "draw() must be called with Label instance as first argument (got _WindowMetaclass instance i

  - by Amorack

  This is a class I made using Python with pyglet to display a window. class Window(pyglet.window.Window): def __init__(self): super(Window, self).__init__() pyglet.text.Label("Prototype") windowText = text.Label.draw(Window, "Hello World", font_name = "Times New Roman", font_size = 36, color = (193, 205, 193, 255)) def on_draw(self): self.clear() self.label.draw() Every time I try to run it I get the error "TypeError: unbound method draw() must be called with Label instance as first argument (got _WindowMetaclass instance instead)". I'm pretty sure I know what I have to do (find how to get Label's instance) just not how to do it. Could someone help me understand how to make this work?

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• Python script to get the data from the flex application

  - by nimmyliji

  Hi, I am making a simple Python CGI script that collects data(in xml format) from a flex application and I want to insert it into the mysql database . In perl The script is looks like the following... my @samplexml=$cgi->param("Items"); my $data=$xml->XMLin("@samplexml"); foreach my $e(@{$data->{Group}}) { my $sample="Insert into details(title,Parent,Istreeitem) Values('$e->{title}','$e->{Parent}','$e->{IsTreeItem}')"; my $sam=$dbo->prepare($sample); $sam->execute(); } But I want to know how to write these codes in pytrhon script.... Any one can help me? Thanks in advance. Nimmy.

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• How to read formatted input in python?

  - by eSKay

  I want to read from stdin five numbers entered as follows: 3, 4, 5, 1, 8 into seperate variables a,b,c,d & e. How do I do this in python? I tried this: import string a=input() b=a.split(', ') for two integers, but it does not work. I get: Traceback (most recent call last): File "C:\Users\Desktop\comb.py", line 3, in <module> b=a.split(', ') AttributeError: 'tuple' object has no attribute 'split' How to do this? and suppose I have not a fixed but a variable number n integers. Then?

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• How to improve my Python regex syntax?

  - by FarmBoy

  I very new to Python, and fairly new to regex. (I have no Perl experience.) I am able to use regular expressions in a way that works, but I'm not sure that my code is particularly Pythonic or consise. For example, If I wanted to read in a text file and print out text that appears directly between the words 'foo' and 'bar' in each line (presuming this occurred one or zero times a line) I would write the following: fileList = open(inFile, 'r') pattern = re.compile(r'(foo)(.*)(bar)') for line in fileList: result = pattern.search(line) if (result != None): print result.groups()[1] Is there a better way? The if is necessary to avoid calling groups() on None. But I suspect there is a more concise way to obtain the matching String when there is one, without throwing errors when there isn't. I'm not hoping for Perl-like unreadability. I just want to accomplish this common task in the commonest and simplest way.

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• Using python to play two sin tones at once

  - by Alex

  Im using python to a sine tone. the tone is based off the computers internal time in minutes, but id like to simultaneously play one based off the second for a harmonized or dualing sound. This is what I have so far can someone point me in the right direction. from struct import pack from math import sin, pi import time def au_file(name, freq, dur, vol): fout = open(name, 'wb') # header needs size, encoding=2, sampling_rate=8000, channel=1 fout.write('.snd' + pack('>5L', 24, 8*dur, 2, 8000, 1)) factor = 2 * pi * freq/8000 # write data for seg in range(8 * dur): # sine wave calculations sin_seg = sin(seg * factor) fout.write(pack('b', vol * 127 * sin_seg)) fout.close() t = time.strftime("%S", time.localtime()) ti = time.strftime("%M", time.localtime()) tis = float(t) tis = tis * 100 tim = float(ti) tim = tim * 100 if name == 'main': au_file(name='timeSound1.au', freq = tim, dur=1000, vol=1.0) import os os.startfile('timeSound1.au')

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• casting raw strings python

  - by dave

  in python, given a variable which holds a string is there a quick way to cast that into another raw string variable? the following code should illustrate what im after... def checkEqual(x, y): print True if x==y else False line1 = "hurr..\n..durr" line2 = r"hurr..\n..durr" line3 = "%r"%line1 print "%s \n\n%s \n\n%s \n" % (line1, line2, line3) checkEqual(line2, line3) #outputs False checkEqual(line2, line3[1:-1]) #outputs True The closest I have found so far is the %r formatting flag which seems to return a raw string albeit within single quote marks. Is there any easier way to do this like a line3 = raw(line1) kind of thing?

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• Problem comparing keys in Appengine/Python

  - by ana

  I'm trying to create a relationship between "tables" with Appengine/Python. Imagine I have a "table" for items, and a table for colors. I save the color of an item by saving the color key as an atribute of the item. That's working well, but this particular piece of code is not working: <select id="colorKey" name="colorKey"> {% for color in colors %} <option value="{{ color.key }}"{% if color.key = item.colorKey %} selected="selected"{% endif %}> {{ color.name }} - {{ item.colorKey }} - {{ color.key }} </option> {% endfor %} </select> Since the {{ item.colorKey }} and {{ color.key }} variables are actually the same chain of characters, I only can think in a problem with the types. {{ item.colorKey }} is a string for sure. But maybe {{ color.key }} is not?

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• Timed email reminder in python

  - by Ali

  I have written up a python script that allows a user to input a message, his email and the time and they would like the email sent. This is all stored in a mysql database. However, how do I get the script to execute on the said time and date? will it require a cron job? I mean say at 2:15 on april 20th, the script will search the database for all times of 2:15, and send out those emails. But what about for emails at 2:16? I am using a shared hosting provided, so cant have a continously running script. Thanks

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• why does python.subprocess hang after proc.communicate()?

  - by ccfenix

  I've got an interactive program called my_own_exe. First, it prints out alive, then you input S\n and then it prints out alive again. Finally you input L\n. It does some processing and exits. However, when I call it from the following python script, the program seemed to hang after printing out the first 'alive'. Can anyone here tell me why this is happening? Thanks proc2 = subprocess.Popen("my_own_exe", shell=True , stdin=subprocess.PIPE, stdout=subprocess.PIPE) print proc2.communicate()[0] time.sleep(2); print "alive" # 'hang' after print this line proc2.communicate('S\n')[0] print "alive" print proc2.communicate()[0] time.sleep(6)

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• Python-McNuggets problem

  - by challarao

  Hi! I am a student of IIIT.I am new to python.This question is one of the problems in my problem set.Please Help me writing program such as in what I should do it. Show that it is possible to buy exactly 50, 51, 52, 53, 54, and 55 McNuggets, by finding solutions to the Diophantine equation. You can solve this in your head, using paper and pencil, or writing a program. However you chose to solve this problem, list the combinations of 6, 9 and 20 packs of McNuggets you need to buy in order to get each of the exact amounts. Given that it is possible to buy sets of 50, 51, 52, 53, 54 or 55 McNuggets by combinations of 6, 9 and 20 packs, show that it is possible to buy 56, 57,..., 65 McNuggets. In other words, show how, given solutions for 50-55, one can derive solutions for 56-65 6a + 9b + 20c = n

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• Howto install distribute for Python 3

  - by chris.nullptr

  I am trying to install distribute using ActivePython 3.1.2 on Windows. Running python distribute_setup.py as described at the cheese shop give me: No setuptools distribution found running install ... File "build\src\setuptools\command\easy_install.py", line 16, in <module> from setuptools.sandbox import run_setup File "build\src\setuptools\sandbox.py", line 164, in <module> fromlist=['__name__']).__file__) AttributeError: 'module' object has no attribute '__file__' Something went wrong during the installation. See the error message above. Is there possibly an unknown dependency that I'm missing?

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• python coockie,request another page

  - by polovinamozga

  #!/usr/bin/python # -*- coding: utf-8 -*- import urllib2 import urllib import httplib import Cookie import cookielib Login = 'user' Password = 'password' Domain = 'inbox.ru' Auth = 'https://auth.mail.ru/cgi-bin/auth' cj = cookielib.CookieJar() opener = urllib2.build_opener(urllib2.HTTPCookieProcessor(cj)) login_data = urllib.urlencode({'Login' : Login, 'Domain' :Domain, 'Password' : Password }) opener.open('https://auth.mail.ru/cgi-bin/auth', login_data) resp = opener.open('https://auth.mail.ru/cgi-bin/auth').read() print resp.decode('cp1251') #output page in cp1251 When script sucessfully executed i see in print resp.decode('cp1251') my page with auth. But when a try to request another page for example http://my.mail.ru i see autorization request. How i can use cookie with another page?

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• elegant way to make directory recursively in Python?

  - by user248237

  I would like to make a directory in a "recursive" way, i.e. have a function make_directory() that behaves as follows: make_directory("a/b/c/d/") should create directory a, then child b, then c, then d. If any of the parent directories exist it should not make them. E.g. if "a" exists, then b should be a subdir of that, and then c should be made inside b, etc. how can I do this in python? os.mkdir does not have this behavior.

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• How to play sound in Python WITHOUT interrupting music/other sounds from playing

  - by Morlock

  I'm working on a timer in python which sounds a chime when the waiting time is over. I use the following code: from wave import open as wave_open from ossaudiodev import open as oss_open def _play_chime(): """ Play a sound file once. """ sound_file = wave_open('chime.wav','rb') (nc,sw,fr,nf,comptype, compname) = sound_file.getparams( ) dsp = oss_open('/dev/dsp','w') try: from ossaudiodev import AFMT_S16_NE except ImportError: if byteorder == "little": AFMT_S16_NE = ossaudiodev.AFMT_S16_LE else: AFMT_S16_NE = ossaudiodev.AFMT_S16_BE dsp.setparameters(AFMT_S16_NE, nc, fr) data = sound_file.readframes(nf) sound_file.close() dsp.write(data) dsp.close() It works pretty good, unless any other device is already outputing sound. How could I do basically the same (under linux) without having the prerequisite that no sound is being played? If you think the process would require an API to ensure software mixing, please suggest a method :) Thx for the support

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• pb with callback in the python optparse module

  - by PierrOz

  Hi Guys, I'm playing with Python 2.6 and its optparse module. I would like to convert one of my arguments to a datetime through a callback but it fails. Here is the code: def parsedate(option, opt_str, value, parser): option.date = datetime.strptime(value, "%Y/%m/%d") def parse_options(args): parser = OptionParser(usage="%prog -l LOGFOLDER [-e]", version="%prog 1.0") parser.add_option("-d", "--date", action="callback", callback="parsedate", dest="date") global options (options, args) = parser.parse_args(args) print option.date.strftime() if __name__ == "__main__": parse_options(sys.argv[1:]) I get an error File: optparse.py in _check_callback "callback not callable". I guess I'm doing something wrong in the way I define my callback but what ? and why ? Can anyone help ?

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• vlc python bindings - how to receive keyboard input?

  - by itsadok

  I'm trying to use VLC's python bindings to create my own little video player. The demo implementation is quite simple and nice, but it requires all the keyboard commands to be typed into the console from which the script was run. Is there any way I can handle keyboard input also when the video player itself has focus? Specifically, I care about controlling the video while in fullscreen mode. Perhaps there's a way to keep the keyboard focus in the console (or maybe another window) while showing the video? I'm using Windows XP, if that has any relevance.

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• Python unit-testing with nose: Making sequential tests

  - by cool-RR

  I am just learning how to do unit-testing. I'm on Python / nose / Wing IDE. (The project that I'm writing tests for is a simulations framework, and among other things it lets you run simulations both synchronously and asynchronously, and the results of the simulation should be the same in both.) The thing is, I want some of my tests to use simulation results that were created in other tests. For example, synchronous_test calculates a certain simulation in synchronous mode, but then I want to calculate it in asynchronous mode, and check that the results came out the same. How do I structure this? Do I put them all in one test function, or make a separate asynchronous_test? Do I pass these objects from one test function to another? Also, keep in mind that all these tests will run through a test generator, so I can do the tests for each of the simulation packages included with my program.

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• Python re.sub MULTILINE caret match

  - by cdleary

  The Python docs say: re.MULTILINE: When specified, the pattern character '^' matches at the beginning of the string and at the beginning of each line (immediately following each newline)... By default, '^' matches only at the beginning of the string... So what's going on when I get the following unexpected result? >>> import re >>> s = """// The quick brown fox. ... // Jumped over the lazy dog.""" >>> re.sub('^//', '', s, re.MULTILINE) ' The quick brown fox.\n// Jumped over the lazy dog.'

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• computing z-scores for 2D matrices in scipy/numpy in Python

  - by user248237

  How can I compute the z-score for matrices in Python? Suppose I have the array: a = array([[ 1, 2, 3], [ 30, 35, 36], [2000, 6000, 8000]]) and I want to compute the z-score for each row. The solution I came up with is: array([zs(item) for item in a]) where zs is in scipy.stats.stats. Is there a better built-in vectorized way to do this? Also, is it always good to z-score numbers before using hierarchical clustering with euclidean or seuclidean distance? Can anyone discuss the relative advantages/disadvantages? thanks.

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• python, accessing a psycopg2 form a def?

  - by i-Malignus

  i'm trying to make a group of defs in one file so then i just can import them whenever i want to make a script in python i have tried this: def get_dblink( dbstring): """ Return a database cnx. """ global psycopg2 try cnx = psycopg2.connect( dbstring) except Exception, e: print "Unable to connect to DB. Error [%s]" % ( e,) exit( ) but i get this error: global name 'psycopg2' is not defined in my main file script.py i have: import psycopg2, psycopg2.extras from misc_defs import * hostname = '192.168.10.36' database = 'test' username = 'test' password = 'test' dbstring = "host='%s' dbname='%s' user='%s' password='%s'" % ( hostname, database, username, password) cnx = get_dblink( dbstring) can anyone give me a hand?

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• python: how to convert list of lists into a single nested list

  - by Bhuski

  I have a python list of lists as shown below: mylist=[ [['orphan1', ['some value1']]], [['parent1', ['child1', ['child', ['some value2']]]]], [['parent1', ['child2', ['child', ['some value3']]]]] ] I need to convert the above list to some thing like this: result=[ ['orphan1', ['some value1']], ['parent1', ['child1', ['child', ['some value2']]], ['child2', ['child', ['some value3']]]] ] Kindly help me approach this problem. I have given only simple list. In actual scenario here, in my list, even grand parents/grand childs are there. How much ever deep the input nested list is, I need to convert it to a single nested list, with common list elements (parents and grand parents) appearing only once. (but the next to innermost list element('child' in above example) should appear as many times it occurs in the input list. I have been trying to do this last two days, but did not end up with working solution :(. I need to use the output in django template filter: unordered_list so that the resultant nested list appears as a nested unordered list in my html page ..

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