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  • Simulating a low-bandwidth, high-latency network connection on Linux

    - by Justin L.
    I'd like to simulate a high-latency, low-bandwidth network connection on my Linux machine. Limiting bandwidth has been discussed before, e.g. here, but I can't find any posts which address limiting both bandwidth and latency. I can get either high latency or low bandwidth using tc. But I haven't been able to combine these into a single connection. In particular, the example rate control script here doesn't work for me: # tc qdisc add dev lo root handle 1:0 netem delay 100ms # tc qdisc add dev lo parent 1:1 handle 10: tbf rate 256kbit buffer 1600 limit 3000 RTNETLINK answers: Operation not supported How can I create a low-bandwidth, high-latency connection, using tc or any other readily-available tool?

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  • Clonezilla multiple disks restore to single disk

    - by Farseeker
    I have a clonezilla image from a machine that had 3 seperate disks (one partition per disk). I want to know if I can restore that image to another computer that has a hard drive that's much larger than the original, but only has one drive. Clonezilla is stating that it can't do this automatically, and perhaps I should try cnvt-ocs-dev but I've no idea what that means (Google is less than forthcoming with information about it too). Ok so I found out what cnvt-ocs-dev is, and that allows me to move source/destination targets between physical disks, but it doesn't seem to be able to move the partition as well.

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  • Constantly diminishing free space on fedora 17

    - by Varun Madiath
    I don't know how to explain this other than to say that my computer seems to magically run out of free when it runs for a while. The output of df -h . oh my home direction is below /dev/mapper/vg_vmadiath--dev-lv_home 50G 47G 0 100% /home When I run sudo du -cks * | sort -rn | head -11 on /home I get the following output. I got this from decreasing free space on fedora 12 32744344 total 32744328 vmadiath 16 lost+found If I restart my system things seem to fix themselves and I'm left with about 20 or 25GB of free space. I'm running XFCE with XMonad as my window manager under fedora 17. Programs I'm running include the XFCE terminal, grep, find, firefox, eclipse, libre-office writer, zsh, emacs. Any help will be greatly appreciated. I'll gladly give you any other output you might need.

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  • Solaris syslog.conf. What are root and operator?

    - by cjavapro
    In /etc/syslog.conf #ident "@(#)syslog.conf 1.5 98/12/14 SMI" /* SunOS 5.0 */ # # Copyright (c) 1991-1998 by Sun Microsystems, Inc. # All rights reserved. # # syslog configuration file. # # This file is processed by m4 so be careful to quote (`') names # that match m4 reserved words. Also, within ifdef's, arguments # containing commas must be quoted. # *.err;kern.notice;auth.notice /dev/sysmsg *.err;kern.debug;daemon.notice;mail.crit /var/adm/messages *.alert;kern.err;daemon.err operator *.alert root *.emerg * # if a non-loghost machine chooses to have authentication messages # sent to the loghost machine, un-comment out the following line: #auth.notice ifdef(`LOGHOST', /var/log/authlog, @loghost) mail.debug ifdef(`LOGHOST', /var/log/syslog, @loghost) # # non-loghost machines will use the following lines to cause "user" # log messages to be logged locally. # ifdef(`LOGHOST', , user.err /dev/sysmsg user.err /var/adm/messages user.alert `root, operator' user.emerg * ) I googled some and it seems that root and operator mean email to root and to operator. Is this correct?

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  • Finding the file that is on a bad block on a HFS+ volume (debugfs for HFS+)

    - by Blair Zajac
    I have a drive in our iMac that has bad blocks, as booting from an Ubuntu 11.10 live CD and using ddrescue -f /dev/sda /dev/null finds them. I'd like to get the drive to remap them by writing to the blocks, say using hdparm --write-sector, but I don't want to do this without knowing what's in those blocks and finding the file that owns them, so I can restore the file from another source. I found fileXray but don't feel like spending $79 to map a block to a file and hfsdebug has been taken offline. Are there suggestions on a tool or technique to use? I looked at all the Ubuntu HFS+ packages to see if they could provide this info but nothing jumped out at me. BTW, I used Disk Utility to erase the empty space, but it didn't get any of the bad blocks to be remapped, according to smartctl -A.

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  • Cannot copy files from external USB HDD to computer

    - by Thomas Versteeg
    Hello I have a HDD disk connected with a USB converter to my computer. It consists of two partitions, the first one is mounted automatically and I can grab all the files from it, but the second one I have to mount manually as a root in the command line, if I try to open it with nautilus it gives an error. The drive where the problem is is drive sdb1, sdb2 has the same settings but works fine. I am using Debian Wheezy. This is the fstab: /dev/sdb1 /media/usb0 auto defaults,gid=disk,umask=0777 0 0 /dev/sdb2 /media/usb1 auto defaults,gid=disk,umask=0777 0 0 And when I try to copy the files with this command (as root) cp -vr /media/usb0/* /home/user/Videos/ I get these types of errors: cp: reading `/media/usb0/.lang/file.ext': Permission denied cp: failed to extend `/home/user/Videos/.lang/file.ext': Permission denied How can I at least copy the files to my main HDD? I don't need to adjust them I only need to copy them!

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  • Why does DBAN crash on my HDDs?

    - by John Watson
    I am using DBAN to erase HDD. DBAN is loaded from a CD and BIOS Boot order has been set to favour CD drive. On starting laptop, system boots from CD and DBAN interface can be seen. DBAN detects two storage devices, HDD and the SD Card. My HDD IS 320GB but DBAN says 298GB. It erases the SD card but when i try to erase HDD, it gives following error. DBAN finished with non-fatal errors. *ERROR /dev/sdb (process crash) *ERROR /dev/sda (process crash)

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  • Bridging LXC containers to host eth0 so they can have a public IP

    - by Vianney Stroebel
    UPDATE: I found the solution there: http://www.linuxfoundation.org/collaborate/workgroups/networking/bridge#No_traffic_gets_trough_.28except_ARP_and_STP.29 # cd /proc/sys/net/bridge # ls bridge-nf-call-arptables bridge-nf-call-iptables bridge-nf-call-ip6tables bridge-nf-filter-vlan-tagged # for f in bridge-nf-*; do echo 0 $f; done But I'd like to have expert opinions on this: is it safe to disable all bridge-nf-*? What are they here for? END OF UPDATE I need to bridge LXC containers to the physical interface (eth0) of my host, reading numerous tutorials, documents and blog posts on the subject. I need the containers to have their own public IP (which I've previously done KVM/libvirt). After two days of searching and trying, I still can't make it work with LXC containers. The host runs a freshly installed Ubuntu Server Quantal (12.10) with only libvirt (which I'm not using here) and lxc installed. I created the containers with : lxc-create -t ubuntu -n mycontainer So they also run Ubuntu 12.10. Content of /var/lib/lxc/mycontainer/config is: lxc.utsname = mycontainer lxc.mount = /var/lib/lxc/test/fstab lxc.rootfs = /var/lib/lxc/test/rootfs lxc.network.type = veth lxc.network.flags = up lxc.network.link = br0 lxc.network.name = eth0 lxc.network.veth.pair = vethmycontainer lxc.network.ipv4 = 179.43.46.233 lxc.network.hwaddr= 02:00:00:86:5b:11 lxc.devttydir = lxc lxc.tty = 4 lxc.pts = 1024 lxc.arch = amd64 lxc.cap.drop = sys_module mac_admin mac_override lxc.pivotdir = lxc_putold # uncomment the next line to run the container unconfined: #lxc.aa_profile = unconfined lxc.cgroup.devices.deny = a # Allow any mknod (but not using the node) lxc.cgroup.devices.allow = c *:* m lxc.cgroup.devices.allow = b *:* m # /dev/null and zero lxc.cgroup.devices.allow = c 1:3 rwm lxc.cgroup.devices.allow = c 1:5 rwm # consoles lxc.cgroup.devices.allow = c 5:1 rwm lxc.cgroup.devices.allow = c 5:0 rwm #lxc.cgroup.devices.allow = c 4:0 rwm #lxc.cgroup.devices.allow = c 4:1 rwm # /dev/{,u}random lxc.cgroup.devices.allow = c 1:9 rwm lxc.cgroup.devices.allow = c 1:8 rwm lxc.cgroup.devices.allow = c 136:* rwm lxc.cgroup.devices.allow = c 5:2 rwm # rtc lxc.cgroup.devices.allow = c 254:0 rwm #fuse lxc.cgroup.devices.allow = c 10:229 rwm #tun lxc.cgroup.devices.allow = c 10:200 rwm #full lxc.cgroup.devices.allow = c 1:7 rwm #hpet lxc.cgroup.devices.allow = c 10:228 rwm #kvm lxc.cgroup.devices.allow = c 10:232 rwm Then I changed my host /etc/network/interfaces to: auto lo iface lo inet loopback auto br0 iface br0 inet static bridge_ports eth0 bridge_fd 0 address 92.281.86.226 netmask 255.255.255.0 network 92.281.86.0 broadcast 92.281.86.255 gateway 92.281.86.254 dns-nameservers 213.186.33.99 dns-search ovh.net When I try command line configuration ("brctl addif", "ifconfig eth0", etc.) my remote host becomes inaccessible and I have to hard reboot it. I changed the content of /var/lib/lxc/mycontainer/rootfs/etc/network/interfaces to: auto lo iface lo inet loopback auto eth0 iface eth0 inet static address 179.43.46.233 netmask 255.255.255.255 broadcast 178.33.40.233 gateway 92.281.86.254 It takes several minutes for mycontainer to start (lxc-start -n mycontainer). I tried replacing gateway 92.281.86.254 by : post-up route add 92.281.86.254 dev eth0 post-up route add default gw 92.281.86.254 post-down route del 92.281.86.254 dev eth0 post-down route del default gw 92.281.86.254 My container then starts instantly. But whatever configuration I set in /var/lib/lxc/mycontainer/rootfs/etc/network/interfaces, I cannot ping from mycontainer to any IP (including the host's) : ubuntu@mycontainer:~$ ping 92.281.86.226 PING 92.281.86.226 (92.281.86.226) 56(84) bytes of data. ^C --- 92.281.86.226 ping statistics --- 6 packets transmitted, 0 received, 100% packet loss, time 5031ms And my host cannot ping the container: root@host:~# ping 179.43.46.233 PING 179.43.46.233 (179.43.46.233) 56(84) bytes of data. ^C --- 179.43.46.233 ping statistics --- 5 packets transmitted, 0 received, 100% packet loss, time 4000ms My container's ifconfig: ubuntu@mycontainer:~$ ifconfig eth0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 02:00:00:86:5b:11 inet addr:179.43.46.233 Bcast:255.255.255.255 Mask:0.0.0.0 inet6 addr: fe80::ff:fe79:5a31/64 Scope:Link UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1 RX packets:64 errors:0 dropped:6 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:54 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000 RX bytes:4070 (4.0 KB) TX bytes:4168 (4.1 KB) lo Link encap:Local Loopback inet addr:127.0.0.1 Mask:255.0.0.0 inet6 addr: ::1/128 Scope:Host UP LOOPBACK RUNNING MTU:16436 Metric:1 RX packets:32 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:32 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:0 RX bytes:2496 (2.4 KB) TX bytes:2496 (2.4 KB) My host's ifconfig: root@host:~# ifconfig br0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 4c:72:b9:43:65:2b inet addr:92.281.86.226 Bcast:91.121.67.255 Mask:255.255.255.0 inet6 addr: fe80::4e72:b9ff:fe43:652b/64 Scope:Link UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1 RX packets:1453 errors:0 dropped:18 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:1630 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:0 RX bytes:145125 (145.1 KB) TX bytes:299943 (299.9 KB) eth0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 4c:72:b9:43:65:2b UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1 RX packets:3178 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:1637 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000 RX bytes:298263 (298.2 KB) TX bytes:309167 (309.1 KB) Interrupt:20 Memory:fe500000-fe520000 lo Link encap:Local Loopback inet addr:127.0.0.1 Mask:255.0.0.0 inet6 addr: ::1/128 Scope:Host UP LOOPBACK RUNNING MTU:16436 Metric:1 RX packets:6 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:6 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:0 RX bytes:300 (300.0 B) TX bytes:300 (300.0 B) vethtest Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr fe:0d:7f:3e:70:88 inet6 addr: fe80::fc0d:7fff:fe3e:7088/64 Scope:Link UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1 RX packets:54 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:67 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000 RX bytes:4168 (4.1 KB) TX bytes:4250 (4.2 KB) virbr0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr de:49:c5:66:cf:84 inet addr:192.168.122.1 Bcast:192.168.122.255 Mask:255.255.255.0 UP BROADCAST MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1 RX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:0 RX bytes:0 (0.0 B) TX bytes:0 (0.0 B) I have disabled lxcbr0 (USE_LXC_BRIDGE="false" in /etc/default/lxc). root@host:~# brctl show bridge name bridge id STP enabled interfaces br0 8000.4c72b943652b no eth0 vethtest I have configured the IP 179.43.46.233 to point to 02:00:00:86:5b:11 in my hosting provider (OVH) config panel. (The IPs in this post are not the real ones.) Thanks for reading this long question! :-) Vianney

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  • Write permission when mounting Windows shares from Ubuntu

    - by Ola Tuvesson
    I think I'm close to having my dev environment set up exactly the way I want, but one final snag remains. I'm running VirtualBox on a Windows 7 64bit host, with my dev enviroment inside a Ubuntu 12.04 guest. I want to keep the files for my projects on the host filesystem - partly so I can access them when the Ubuntu guest is not running, but also so I can use Tortoise and other Windows based tools (cough Photoshop), and it also eases my backup scheme somewhat. So I've got a folder "Rails" on my NTFS drive, which I've shared from the host with a user specifically created for the Ubuntu guest. The mount point has been set up and an entry added to fstab (cifs), using a credentials file and the options iocharset=utf8,file_mode=0777,dir_mode=07??77 This mounts fine and my Ubuntu user has both read and write permissions to the contents, but when I try to start my Rails app I get permission errors on any files the app needs to write to (e.g. the log file). What gives?

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  • How can I set up OpenVPN to accept more than 60 connections?

    - by Robin
    Greetings! We're using OpenVPN and today hit an unexpected connection limit of 60 - even though max-clients is set to the source code default 1024. Server log: Tue Dec 21 13:49:41 2010 MULTI: new incoming connection would exceed maximum number of clients (60) We're slowly adding new clients to the VPN and expect to hit 200 some time next year, if we can get it working. We're running the server on a Win2003 R2. OpenVPN 2.0.9 Server config as follows: local 192.168.10.211 port 1195 proto tcp dev tun dev-node OpenVPN_Vision ca vision_ca.crt cert vision_server.crt key vision_server.key # This file should be kept secret dh vision_dh1024.pem server 192.168.211.0 255.255.255.0 ifconfig-pool-persist vision_ipp.txt ;server-bridge 10.8.0.4 255.255.255.0 10.8.0.50 10.8.0.100 ;client-to-client keepalive 10 120 comp-lzo ;max-clients 100 # Default in source code is 1024 persist-key persist-tun status openvpn-status-vision.log log vision.log verb 3 I would greatly appreciate any help or input on this one. Thanks! Best regards, Robin

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  • Debian no lib32asound2-plugins=1.0.25

    - by erai
    I compiled git wine 1.5.6 and the sound is not working correctly. winecfg gives a message: ALSA lib ../../pulse/pcm_pulse.c:995:(_snd_pcm_pulse_open) Unknown field handle_underrun err:winediag:AUDDRV_GetAudioEndpoint PulseAudio "default" -22 without handle_underrun. Audio may hang. Please upgrade to alsa_plugins >= 1.0.24 err:ole:CoInitializeEx Attempt to change threading model of this apartment from multi-threaded to apartment threaded But on wheezy there is no package lib32asound2-plugins 1.0.25 So, how do I build and package alsa-plugins to install to lib32? Or how do I use automake's configure to compile a 32bit lib on a 64 bit system. All I Need now is the libavcodec-dev for 32bit, but I don't understand. What is the 32bit libavcodec-dev package for amd64 debian?

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  • Packets marked by iptables only sent to the correct routing table sometimes

    - by cookiecaper
    I am trying to route packets generated by a specific user out over a VPN. I have this configuration: $ sudo iptables -S -t nat -P PREROUTING ACCEPT -P OUTPUT ACCEPT -P POSTROUTING ACCEPT -A POSTROUTING -o tun0 -j MASQUERADE $ sudo iptables -S -t mangle -P PREROUTING ACCEPT -P INPUT ACCEPT -P FORWARD ACCEPT -P OUTPUT ACCEPT -P POSTROUTING ACCEPT -A OUTPUT -m owner --uid-owner guy -j MARK --set-xmark 0xb/0xffffffff $ sudo ip rule show 0: from all lookup local 32765: from all fwmark 0xb lookup 11 32766: from all lookup main 32767: from all lookup default $ sudo ip route show table 11 10.8.0.5 dev tun0 proto kernel scope link src 10.8.0.6 10.8.0.6 dev tun0 scope link 10.8.0.1 via 10.8.0.5 dev tun0 0.0.0.0/1 via 10.8.0.5 dev tun0 $ sudo iptables -S -t raw -P PREROUTING ACCEPT -P OUTPUT ACCEPT -A OUTPUT -m owner --uid-owner guy -j TRACE -A OUTPUT -p tcp -m tcp --dport 80 -j TRACE It seems that some sites work fine and use the VPN, but others don't and fall back to the normal interface. This is bad. This is a packet trace that used VPN: Oct 27 00:24:28 agent kernel: [612979.976052] TRACE: raw:OUTPUT:rule:2 IN= OUT=eth0 SRC=XXX.YYY.ZZZ.AAA DST=23.1.17.194 LEN=60 TOS=0x00 PREC=0x00 TTL=64 ID=14494 DF PROTO=TCP SPT=57502 DPT=80 SEQ=2294732931 ACK=0 WINDOW=5840 RES=0x00 SYN URGP=0 OPT (020405B40402080A03A6E01D0000000001030307) UID=999 GID=999 Oct 27 00:24:28 agent kernel: [612979.976105] TRACE: raw:OUTPUT:policy:3 IN= OUT=eth0 SRC=XXX.YYY.ZZZ.AAA DST=23.1.17.194 LEN=60 TOS=0x00 PREC=0x00 TTL=64 ID=14494 DF PROTO=TCP SPT=57502 DPT=80 SEQ=2294732931 ACK=0 WINDOW=5840 RES=0x00 SYN URGP=0 OPT (020405B40402080A03A6E01D0000000001030307) UID=999 GID=999 Oct 27 00:24:28 agent kernel: [612979.976164] TRACE: mangle:OUTPUT:rule:1 IN= OUT=eth0 SRC=XXX.YYY.ZZZ.AAA DST=23.1.17.194 LEN=60 TOS=0x00 PREC=0x00 TTL=64 ID=14494 DF PROTO=TCP SPT=57502 DPT=80 SEQ=2294732931 ACK=0 WINDOW=5840 RES=0x00 SYN URGP=0 OPT (020405B40402080A03A6E01D0000000001030307) UID=999 GID=999 Oct 27 00:24:28 agent kernel: [612979.976210] TRACE: mangle:OUTPUT:policy:2 IN= OUT=eth0 SRC=XXX.YYY.ZZZ.AAA DST=23.1.17.194 LEN=60 TOS=0x00 PREC=0x00 TTL=64 ID=14494 DF PROTO=TCP SPT=57502 DPT=80 SEQ=2294732931 ACK=0 WINDOW=5840 RES=0x00 SYN URGP=0 OPT (020405B40402080A03A6E01D0000000001030307) UID=999 GID=999 MARK=0xb Oct 27 00:24:28 agent kernel: [612979.976269] TRACE: nat:OUTPUT:policy:1 IN= OUT=eth0 SRC=XXX.YYY.ZZZ.AAA DST=23.1.17.194 LEN=60 TOS=0x00 PREC=0x00 TTL=64 ID=14494 DF PROTO=TCP SPT=57502 DPT=80 SEQ=2294732931 ACK=0 WINDOW=5840 RES=0x00 SYN URGP=0 OPT (020405B40402080A03A6E01D0000000001030307) UID=999 GID=999 MARK=0xb Oct 27 00:24:28 agent kernel: [612979.976320] TRACE: filter:OUTPUT:policy:1 IN= OUT=eth0 SRC=XXX.YYY.ZZZ.AAA DST=23.1.17.194 LEN=60 TOS=0x00 PREC=0x00 TTL=64 ID=14494 DF PROTO=TCP SPT=57502 DPT=80 SEQ=2294732931 ACK=0 WINDOW=5840 RES=0x00 SYN URGP=0 OPT (020405B40402080A03A6E01D0000000001030307) UID=999 GID=999 MARK=0xb Oct 27 00:24:28 agent kernel: [612979.976367] TRACE: mangle:POSTROUTING:policy:1 IN= OUT=tun0 SRC=XXX.YYY.ZZZ.AAA DST=23.1.17.194 LEN=60 TOS=0x00 PREC=0x00 TTL=64 ID=14494 DF PROTO=TCP SPT=57502 DPT=80 SEQ=2294732931 ACK=0 WINDOW=5840 RES=0x00 SYN URGP=0 OPT (020405B40402080A03A6E01D0000000001030307) UID=999 GID=999 MARK=0xb Oct 27 00:24:28 agent kernel: [612979.976414] TRACE: nat:POSTROUTING:rule:1 IN= OUT=tun0 SRC=XXX.YYY.ZZZ.AAA DST=23.1.17.194 LEN=60 TOS=0x00 PREC=0x00 TTL=64 ID=14494 DF PROTO=TCP SPT=57502 DPT=80 SEQ=2294732931 ACK=0 WINDOW=5840 RES=0x00 SYN URGP=0 OPT (020405B40402080A03A6E01D0000000001030307) UID=999 GID=999 MARK=0xb and this is one that didn't: Oct 27 00:22:41 agent kernel: [612873.662559] TRACE: raw:OUTPUT:rule:2 IN= OUT=eth0 SRC=XXX.YYY.ZZZ.AAA DST=209.68.27.16 LEN=60 TOS=0x00 PREC=0x00 TTL=64 ID=40425 DF PROTO=TCP SPT=45305 DPT=80 SEQ=604973951 ACK=0 WINDOW=5840 RES=0x00 SYN URGP=0 OPT (020405B40402080A03A6B6960000000001030307) UID=999 GID=999 Oct 27 00:22:41 agent kernel: [612873.662609] TRACE: raw:OUTPUT:policy:3 IN= OUT=eth0 SRC=XXX.YYY.ZZZ.AAA DST=209.68.27.16 LEN=60 TOS=0x00 PREC=0x00 TTL=64 ID=40425 DF PROTO=TCP SPT=45305 DPT=80 SEQ=604973951 ACK=0 WINDOW=5840 RES=0x00 SYN URGP=0 OPT (020405B40402080A03A6B6960000000001030307) UID=999 GID=999 Oct 27 00:22:41 agent kernel: [612873.662664] TRACE: mangle:OUTPUT:rule:1 IN= OUT=eth0 SRC=XXX.YYY.ZZZ.AAA DST=209.68.27.16 LEN=60 TOS=0x00 PREC=0x00 TTL=64 ID=40425 DF PROTO=TCP SPT=45305 DPT=80 SEQ=604973951 ACK=0 WINDOW=5840 RES=0x00 SYN URGP=0 OPT (020405B40402080A03A6B6960000000001030307) UID=999 GID=999 Oct 27 00:22:41 agent kernel: [612873.662709] TRACE: mangle:OUTPUT:policy:2 IN= OUT=eth0 SRC=XXX.YYY.ZZZ.AAA DST=209.68.27.16 LEN=60 TOS=0x00 PREC=0x00 TTL=64 ID=40425 DF PROTO=TCP SPT=45305 DPT=80 SEQ=604973951 ACK=0 WINDOW=5840 RES=0x00 SYN URGP=0 OPT (020405B40402080A03A6B6960000000001030307) UID=999 GID=999 MARK=0xb Oct 27 00:22:41 agent kernel: [612873.662761] TRACE: nat:OUTPUT:policy:1 IN= OUT=eth0 SRC=XXX.YYY.ZZZ.AAA DST=209.68.27.16 LEN=60 TOS=0x00 PREC=0x00 TTL=64 ID=40425 DF PROTO=TCP SPT=45305 DPT=80 SEQ=604973951 ACK=0 WINDOW=5840 RES=0x00 SYN URGP=0 OPT (020405B40402080A03A6B6960000000001030307) UID=999 GID=999 MARK=0xb Oct 27 00:22:41 agent kernel: [612873.662808] TRACE: filter:OUTPUT:policy:1 IN= OUT=eth0 SRC=XXX.YYY.ZZZ.AAA DST=209.68.27.16 LEN=60 TOS=0x00 PREC=0x00 TTL=64 ID=40425 DF PROTO=TCP SPT=45305 DPT=80 SEQ=604973951 ACK=0 WINDOW=5840 RES=0x00 SYN URGP=0 OPT (020405B40402080A03A6B6960000000001030307) UID=999 GID=999 MARK=0xb Oct 27 00:22:41 agent kernel: [612873.662855] TRACE: mangle:POSTROUTING:policy:1 IN= OUT=eth0 SRC=XXX.YYY.ZZZ.AAA DST=209.68.27.16 LEN=60 TOS=0x00 PREC=0x00 TTL=64 ID=40425 DF PROTO=TCP SPT=45305 DPT=80 SEQ=604973951 ACK=0 WINDOW=5840 RES=0x00 SYN URGP=0 OPT (020405B40402080A03A6B6960000000001030307) UID=999 GID=999 MARK=0xb I have already tried "ip route flush cache", to no avail. I do not know why the first packet goes through the correct routing table, and the second doesn't. Both are marked. Once again, I do not want ALL packets system-wide to go through the VPN, I only want packets from a specific user (UID=999) to go through the VPN. I am testing ipchicken.com and walmart.com via links, from the same user, same shell. walmart.com appears to use the VPN; ipchicken.com does not. Any help appreciated. Will send 0.5 bitcoins to answerer who makes this fixed.

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  • pam_unix(sshd:session) session opened for user NOT ROOT by (uid=0), then closes immediately using using TortiseSVN

    - by codewaggle
    I'm having problems accessing an SVN repository using TortoiseSVN 1.7.8. The SVN repository is on a CentOS 6.3 box and appears to be functioning correctly. # svnadmin --version # svnadmin, version 1.6.11 (r934486) I can access the repository from another CentOS box with this command: svn list svn+ssh://[email protected]/var/svn/joetest But when I attempt to browse the repository using TortiseSVN from a Win 7 workstation I'm unable to do so using the following path: svn+ssh://[email protected]/var/svn/joetest I'm able to login via SSH from the workstation using Putty. The results are the same if I attempt access as root. I've given ownership of the repository to USER:USER and ran chmod 2700 -R /var/svn/. Because I can access the repository via ssh from another Linux box, permissions don't appear to be the problem. When I watch the log file using tail -fn 2000 /var/log/secure, I see the following each time TortiseSVN asks for the password: Sep 26 17:34:31 dev sshd[30361]: Accepted password for USER from xx.xxx.xx.xxx port 59101 ssh2 Sep 26 17:34:31 dev sshd[30361]: pam_unix(sshd:session): session opened for user USER by (uid=0) Sep 26 17:34:31 dev sshd[30361]: pam_unix(sshd:session): session closed for user USER I'm actually able to login, but the session is then closed immediately. It caught my eye that the session is being opened for USER by root (uid=0), which may be correct, but I'll mention it in case it has something to do with the problem. I looked into modifying the svnserve.conf, but as far as I can tell, it's not used when accessing the repository via svn+ssh, a private svnserve instance is created for each log in via this method. From the manual: There's still a third way to invoke svnserve, and that's in “tunnel mode”, with the -t option. This mode assumes that a remote-service program such as RSH or SSH has successfully authenticated a user and is now invoking a private svnserve process as that user. The svnserve program behaves normally (communicating via stdin and stdout), and assumes that the traffic is being automatically redirected over some sort of tunnel back to the client. When svnserve is invoked by a tunnel agent like this, be sure that the authenticated user has full read and write access to the repository database files. (See Servers and Permissions: A Word of Warning.) It's essentially the same as a local user accessing the repository via file:/// URLs. The only non-default settings in sshd_config are: Protocol 2 # to disable Protocol 1 SyslogFacility AUTHPRIV ChallengeResponseAuthentication no GSSAPIAuthentication yes GSSAPICleanupCredentials yes UsePAM yes AcceptEnv LANG LC_CTYPE LC_NUMERIC LC_TIME LC_COLLATE LC_MONETARY LC_MESSAGES AcceptEnv LC_PAPER LC_NAME LC_ADDRESS LC_TELEPHONE LC_MEASUREMENT AcceptEnv LC_IDENTIFICATION LC_ALL LANGUAGE AcceptEnv XMODIFIERS X11Forwarding no Subsystem sftp /usr/libexec/openssh/sftp-server Any thoughts?

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  • SVN created repository - cannot import

    - by patrickinmpls
    I'm running Visual SVN server. I created a repository. I see my repository in this directory, C:\Repositories. I also installed tortoise SVN, so now how do I upload a project to source control? Attempt 1 Import C:\dev\apache-ofbiz-09.04 to https://smallville/svn Repository moved permanently to 'https://smallville/'; please relocate Attempt 2 Command: Import C:\dev\apache-ofbiz-09.04 to https://smallville Error: OPTIONS of 'https://smallville': 200 OK (https://smallville) Attempt 3 & 4 tried with localhost, same errors

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  • Disable disk caches in AWS EBS for PostgreSQL?

    - by Alexandr Kurilin
    It's my understanding that, without correctly disabling OS-level and drive-level caching, there is a chance that in case of system failure the Write-Ahead Log might not be saved correctly and in fact might get corrupted, possibly preventing data recovery. I've already made sure that wal_sync_method=fdatasync however I was unable to make any configuration changes with hdparm since I get the following: $ sudo htparm -I /dev/xvdf /dev/xvdf: HDIO_DRIVE_CMD(identify) failed: Invalid argument Looks like that option is not available in the kind of setup you get in EC2. Am I missing anything here? Are there any other obvious caches I have to disable to ensure the WAL's safety?

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  • Finding optimal ddrescue command line options where Accuracy > Speed

    - by gav
    I'm read up a bit about this tool and obviously looked at the man pages. The trouble is that ddrescue takes so long I need to get the command right first time. I wasn't sure how to improve on the vanilla; $ sudo ./ddrescue -v /dev/disk0s5 MyVolImage.dmg MyVolRescue.log $ sudo ./ddrescue -v MyVolImage.dmg /dev/disk1s3 MyVolRestore.log From HSF+ to HSF+ drives Source (Broken) HDD is connected via USB 2.0 Dest HDD is inside MacBook I would choose accuracy over speed There seem to be a lot of options but I'm not sure how they impact quality and speed of recovery. Thanks, Gav

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  • set tap0 using virt-manager for bridged wireless

    - by DaveO
    After 3 days I finally have kvm guests working on the network via wireless (link below - thanks!): My network is 192.168.1.0/24 on the host: sudo sh -c "echo 1 > /proc/sys/net/ipv4/ip_forward" sudo tunctl -t tap0 sudo ip link set tap0 up sudo ip addr add 192.168.1.25/24 dev tap0 sudo route add -host 192.168.1.30 dev tap0 sudo parprouted wlan0 tap0 on the guest: auto eth0 iface eth0 inet static address 192.168.1.30 netmask 255.255.255.0 network 192.168.1.0 broadcast 192.168.1.255 gateway 192.168.1.25 and start the guest: sudo kvm /path/to/guest.img -net nic,macaddr=DE:AD:BE:EF:90:26 -net tap,ifname=tap0,script=no This works great and I can ping the local network and the internet back and forth between the guest. But how do I add these settings to the guest's xml config so I can start the guest via virt-manager with the same nic settings? ref: http://www.linuxquestions.org/questions/debian-26/kvm-wireless-bridge-network-691953/

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  • Shrink a mounted LVM partition

    - by javanix
    I fear I already know the answer to this question, but here goes. I need to carve out a new partition on a running system. /var/ is mounted from an LVM volume (hdd1_vg-var) and has only 3% used disk space. / is mounted separately (hdd1_vg-root) and has about 80% used disk space. Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on /dev/**/hdd1_vg-root 2.0G 1.4G 481M 75% / /dev/**/hdd1_vg-var 33G 699M 31G 3% /var Unfortunately I don't have any free extents to grow this partition organically - vgdisplay shows: Total PE 10000 Alloc PE / Size 10000 / 39.06 GB Free PE / Size 0 / 0 So seeing that I have all this free disk space on /var/, can I shrink /var/ without un-mounting it or is this just a pipe dream? I am really hoping to be able to do this work on a running system - un-mounting would of course not be difficult but it would interfere with system functionality.

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  • UUID in Mountain Lion

    - by Naji
    I am trying to find my external HDD UUID in Mountain Lion but diskutil info /dev/disk1s1 returns: Najis-MacBook-Air:~ ****$ diskutil info disk1s1 Device Identifier: disk1s1 Device Node: /dev/disk1s1 Part of Whole: disk1 Device / Media Name: Untitled 1 Volume Name: My Book Escaped with Unicode: My%FF%FE%20%00Book Mounted: Yes Mount Point: /Volumes/My Book Escaped with Unicode: /Volumes/My%FF%FE%20%00Book File System Personality: NTFS Type (Bundle): ntfs Name (User Visible): Windows NT File System (NTFS) Partition Type: Windows_NTFS OS Can Be Installed: No Media Type: Generic Protocol: USB SMART Status: Not Supported Total Size: 2.0 TB (2000364240896 Bytes) (exactly 3906961408 512-Byte-Blocks) Volume Free Space: 212.5 GB (212506509312 Bytes) (exactly 415051776 512-Byte-Blocks) Device Block Size: 512 Bytes Read-Only Media: No Read-Only Volume: Yes Ejectable: Yes Whole: No Internal: No And there is no UUID. What is wrong exactly? Thank you.

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  • Stop Munin messages from /var/log/syslog

    - by Sparsh Gupta
    Hello I am using munin on a system which is adding a log entry in syslog everytime the munin-node cron job executes. It is not an issue but it sometimes makes other errors spotting difficult. There are entries like Feb 28 07:05:01 li235-57 CRON[2634]: (root) CMD (if [ -x /etc/munin/plugins/apt_all ]; then /etc/munin/plugins/apt_all update 7200 12 >/dev/null; elif [ -x /etc/munin/plugins/apt ]; then /etc/munin/plugins/apt update 7200 12 >/dev/null; fi) every 5 minutes and I was wondering how can I stop the messages going into syslog. For munin specific errors I anyways have to keep an eye on /var/log/munin/* Thanks Sparsh

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  • Increasing a Linux partition once VM size increased in vSphere?

    - by dannymcc
    I have a Ubuntu 12.04 VM running on VMWares ESXi 5.1. The server (VM) itself has run out of space, the results of df -h are as follows: Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on /dev/sda1 19G 17G 1.2G 94% / udev 490M 4.0K 490M 1% /dev tmpfs 200M 232K 199M 1% /run none 5.0M 0 5.0M 0% /run/lock none 498M 0 498M 0% /run/shm The original VM HDD size was just under 19GB which is I have now increased to 100GB within the vCenter GUI: Is there a simple way of doing this? The VM doesn't seem to acknowledge the increase at all.

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  • Sporadic disk clicking sound

    - by Abdó
    Hi, I'm having some unusual and sporadic hard disk clicking issues. Here is a cronological description of the facts. I'm using an ASUS P6T-SE with Intel Core i7, 6Gb RAM 600W Power supply and ATI4670 graphics, running Ubuntu 10.10. About one month ago my hard disk (SATA II Seagate Barracuda 1Tb 7200 rpm) started making a clicking sound: a sort of loud tic-tac, every second or so, when involved in disk activity. The system was clearly slower than before at disk access, but it was functional and I could not find any signal of trouble on the linux logs. I disconnected the disk and tried an older SATA drive I had around: no problem with it. Then I reconnected the Seagate disk, and the problem was mysteriously gone. Ubuntu booted normally, usual speed, no clicking. A couple of weeks later, the problem reappeared. I tried disconnecting reconnecting (as it somehow solved the problem before) without luck. So, despite it was a rather new drive, I assumed it was a hardware issue, made backups and bought a new drive. The new drive is a SATA II Seagate Barracuda 1.5 Tb 7200 rpm. I installed both drives at the same time, with the intention of transferring my files from on to the other. To my surprise, when I booted the computer with both drives, both started making the clicking sound !! Even worse, I removed the old drive, leaving the unformated new drive connected, and booted from a LiveCD. It kept clicking ! Puzzled by this, I tried both drives on my laptop with a SATA to USB cable. At the moment I connected any of them, they made one or two unusual clicks and immediately stopped doing that and worked normally. The old drive I thought almost dead, was working like a charm as if nothing happened. Then I thought: "ok, it must be the motherboard. Let's try again". So, I reconnected the old drive to the ASUS P6T motherboard (the same cables and SATA port as before), and it worked as if nothing happened ! The problem was gone again. The new 1.5 Tb drive was also working ok: No clicking nor slowdown. So I left the old 1Tb disk connected and kept using the computer daily during 3 weeks, until today it happened again. Now I don't really know what to do or check. I'm not even sure if it is a hardware issue any more ! This is rather annoying as it seems it happens with a period of 2 or 3 weeks and I have no means of forcing it to happen. Does anyone have a clue of what can causes this behaviour or have any suggestions of things I should check when it happens again ? What I did today is checking some SMART parameters Error log: smartctl -l error /dev/sda. No errors Short selftest: smartctl -t short /dev/sda. No errors Disk Health check: smartctl -H /dev/sda. passed And here are the vendor specific parameters (smartctl -A /dev/sda) Which I'm not quite sure how to interpret. === START OF READ SMART DATA SECTION === SMART Attributes Data Structure revision number: 10 Vendor Specific SMART Attributes with Thresholds: ID# ATTRIBUTE_NAME FLAG VALUE WORST THRESH TYPE UPDATED WHEN_FAILED RAW_VALUE 1 Raw_Read_Error_Rate 0x000f 120 099 006 Pre-fail Always - 235962588 3 Spin_Up_Time 0x0003 095 095 000 Pre-fail Always - 0 4 Start_Stop_Count 0x0032 100 100 020 Old_age Always - 187 5 Reallocated_Sector_Ct 0x0033 100 100 036 Pre-fail Always - 0 7 Seek_Error_Rate 0x000f 072 060 030 Pre-fail Always - 16348045 9 Power_On_Hours 0x0032 096 096 000 Old_age Always - 3590 10 Spin_Retry_Count 0x0013 100 100 097 Pre-fail Always - 0 12 Power_Cycle_Count 0x0032 100 100 020 Old_age Always - 94 183 Runtime_Bad_Block 0x0032 100 100 000 Old_age Always - 0 184 End-to-End_Error 0x0032 100 100 099 Old_age Always - 0 187 Reported_Uncorrect 0x0032 100 100 000 Old_age Always - 0 188 Command_Timeout 0x0032 100 097 000 Old_age Always - 4295164029 189 High_Fly_Writes 0x003a 100 100 000 Old_age Always - 0 190 Airflow_Temperature_Cel 0x0022 070 057 045 Old_age Always - 30 (Lifetime Min/Max 19/31) 194 Temperature_Celsius 0x0022 030 043 000 Old_age Always - 30 (0 18 0 0) 195 Hardware_ECC_Recovered 0x001a 037 026 000 Old_age Always - 235962588 197 Current_Pending_Sector 0x0012 100 100 000 Old_age Always - 0 198 Offline_Uncorrectable 0x0010 100 100 000 Old_age Offline - 0 199 UDMA_CRC_Error_Count 0x003e 200 200 000 Old_age Always - 0 240 Head_Flying_Hours 0x0000 100 253 000 Old_age Offline - 73950746906346 241 Total_LBAs_Written 0x0000 100 253 000 Old_age Offline - 1832967731 242 Total_LBAs_Read 0x0000 100 253 000 Old_age Offline - 3294986902 Any clue to this mystery will be really welcome. Thank you very much !!

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  • How to stop ethernet interface in bridge configuration from obtaining IP address via DHCP

    - by user71061
    Hi! I'm trying to configure openvpn in bridging configuration. First step of doing this requires creating bridge interface (br0), bridging together physical ethernet interface (eth0) and logical tap0 interface. This can be done with simple script but I want to use less popular approach, configuring bridge interface entirely via /etc/network/interfaces file (on Debian linux). So I have removed all eth0 definitions form /etc/network/interfaces and replaced if with following br0 definition: auto br0 iface br0 inet static pre-up openvpn --mktun --dev tap0 address 10.0.0.1 netmask 255.255.255.0 bridge_ports eth0 tap0 post-down openvpn --rmtun --dev tap0 This works as I expected, but there is only one problem: interface eth0 is part of bridge interface br0 AND it also receive it's own IP address from my DHCP server (located on same LAN where eth0 is connected). My questions is: how to stop eth0 interface from obtaining it's own IP address? (It should only be part of br0 bridge).

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  • Avoiding syslog-ng noise from cron jobs [closed]

    - by Eyal Rozenberg
    Possible Duplicate: How can I prevent cron from filling up my syslog? On my small Debian squeeze web server, I have syslog-ng installed. Generally, my logs are nice and quiet, with nice -- MARK -- lines. My syslog, however, is littered with this Sep 23 23:09:01 bookchin /USR/SBIN/CRON[24885]: (root) CMD ( [ -x /usr/lib/php5/maxlifetime ] && [ -d /var/lib/php5 ] && find /var/lib/php5/ -type f -cmin +$(/usr/lib/php5/maxlifetime) -delete > /dev/null) Sep 23 23:09:01 bookchin /USR/SBIN/CRON[24886]: (root) CMD ( [ -d /var/lib/php4 ] && find /var/lib/php4/ -type f -cmin +$(/usr/lib/php4/maxlifetime) -print0 | xargs -r -0 rm > /dev/null) Sep 23 23:17:01 bookchin /USR/SBIN/CRON[24910]: (root) CMD ( cd / && run-parts /etc/cron.hourly) kind of garbage. What's the clean way to avoid it?

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